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Potencialidades e dilemas da participação de agricultores familiares em uma metodologia de experimentação participativa para o desenvolvimento rural sustentável: um estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-18)
Guyot, Marina Souza Dias
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Borges, Janice Rodrigues Placeres
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2373278362705384
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1717373612505158
In order to surpass the challenges of the Sustainable Agricultural Development initiatives where the popular participation is recognized as vital have been undertaken. However, the effectiveness of this participation varies and this changeability is related, among other factors, to the used methodologies. The objective of this research was to describe and to analyze the potentialities and quandaries of the participation of familiar farmers in the .Sustainable Agricultural Development. The participatory experimentation methodology applied is the one proposed by the project Experimentation in Agrossilviculture and Social Participation developed in the City of Joanópolis/SP. The research was carried through semi structured interviews with participant this project s farmers as well as through participant observation. The data have been systemized through re-readings, reductions and establishments of standards. Then, the data analysis was held on through the dialogue between the collected information and consulted bibliography. It was observed that the potentialities of the participation of familiar agriculturists in the Sustainable Agricultural Development are related to the search for better conditions of life. The identified quandaries allude to the lack of participation exercise both by the institutions that act with these farmers, as for themselves. It was identified that the methodology of participatory experimentation favors the participation of the family farmers in the Sustainable Agricultural Development, once it places them in the position of crucial agents of the process.
Consultoria colaborativa na escola : contribuições da Psicologia para inclusão escolar do aluno surdo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-18)
Pereira, Veronica Aparecida
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Mendes, Enicéia Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2745694553486611
This study aimed to investigate the psychological procedures in the school environment which may favor the inclusion with the aid of the collaborative consultation. A total of six teachers from regular classes of the first initial years of the Elementary School, 3 of them were hired from the school and 3 were substituting. The teachers authorized the observation of their classes twice a month and also authorized the consultation procedures every other week. There were deaf students in the three classrooms, a total of six students (G1). The consultant asked the teachers to indicate other six students who presented socially accepted behavior (G2) and other six students who presented some behavioral problems (G3); all of them were identified by the employment of two behavioral scales, answered by the teachers. In order to evaluate the school performance, the hearing students and the deaf ones took part in a school performance test. Both, the behavioral scales and the school performance test were reemployed at the end of the school year. From May to December 2006, the consultant realized every 15 days, systematic observation of the classes, in the three classrooms, making observations on the diary. The registered content was discussed on the following week with each teacher, for evaluation and practices planning. At the end of the process, the consulting activity was evaluated as a possibility of baseline, either for the consultant as for the teachers in charge. The behavioral scales enabled the discrimination of socially accepted behavior and orientation for behavioral procedures which have contributed for the enhancement of opportunities. The evaluation of the scholar performance presented a correlation between behavioral problems and learning difficulties, besides indicating that actual procedures have contributed for teaching math to deaf students, but it was not assured yet, at least in that school, the alphabetization, which is an essential requirement for accessibility to the academic knowledge.
O político tornado em derrisão no gênero discursivo charge
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-19)
Aguiar, Gisele Freitas de
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Baronas, Roberto Leiser
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4613001301744682
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9095440519377957
In this master‟s research, we analyze discursively as Brazilian political be made in derision in the print media. Based on theoretical and methodological assumptions of discourse analysis of French orientation, we work more specifically with the genre charge. This charge is conveyed by the newspaper Folha de S. Paulo during the last three presidential terms (1998, 2002 and 2006) and gave the circular images derisions the then president Fernando Henrique Cardoso and the actual president Luis Inácio Lula da Silva. Methodologically working in the beat description and interpretation (Pêcheux, 1993), showing how the historical events that FHC and Lula were protagonists and were transformed by the media print into events derision discursive. This is an important work because it contributes to a more refined understanding of the role of genre charge in our society.
Efeitos de uma desintegrina recombinante de Bothrops alternatus, DISBA-01, em células precursoras miogênicas (CPM)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-21)
Pedretti, Ana Carolina Elias
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Araújo, Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4065824911933203
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1547297106502078
Disintegrins are toxins commonly found in snake venoms whose biological effects occour upon interaction with surface receptors known as integrins. DisBa-01, an RGD disintegrin isolated from a cDNA library made with mRNAs from the venom gland of Bothrops alternatus, bears anti-metastatic, anti-angiogenic and anti-thrombotic activity in nude mice, partially mediated by interaction with integrin _v_3. Studies with Wistar rats also show that protein has angiogenic activity during regeneration after surgery. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of DisBa-01 on adhesion, deadhesion and proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts and evaluate the electrophoretic profile of secreted proteins of DisBa-01-treated cells. Myoblasts (103 cells/well) were incubated with five concentrations of DisBa-01 under different incubation times and adhesion substracts (plastic, collagen type I or fibronectin). The supernatant was collected for 2DE analysis and the cells were quantified. Also, flow cytometry was used to evaluate the expression of integrins (_2, _4, _5, _v, _v_3, _1 and _4). DisBa-01 inhibited adhesion to fibronectin in high concentration (1000nM) and to collagen type I in all tested concentrations, but did not detach cells from collagen or fibronectina matrix nor affected myoblast proliferation. Flow cytometry showed that integrins _v and _1 were present. 2DE analysis points to an increase of secreted proteins, mainly in higher DisBa- 01 concentration (1000nM). In conclusion, C2C12 myoblasts are sensitive to DisBa-01, suggesting this protein initiates a sinalization cascade mediated by integrins, which modifies protein expression and secretion.
Diretrizes para seleção de projetistas e avaliação da prestação do serviço de projeto de edificações na visão do contratante
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-23)
Paula, Nathália de
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Novaes, Celso Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7340467051481570
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3199008972624389
The design-product has great importance in Construction, Engineering and Architecture area, as much for its enterprise success strategic function, as for becoming possible the building materialization. Evaluating the quality of the design service rendering (DSR) can denote improvements in the design-product quality and, therefore, in the final product (building). Questions or systemized quality criteria related to DSR quality, with comments, degrees or grades/weights attribution, elaborated from the contractors of these services can allow the DSR evaluation, making possible the designer selection and the performance evaluation of contracted designers. The aim of this work is to propose a set of direction guidelines to designers selection and DSR evaluation in the contractor view. The literature review and case studies were carried out in four construction and incorporation companies and three design companies from São Paulo city. The results show that the constructors and incorporators have practices for selection and evaluation of designers. Two design companies have practices to evaluation of the contractor client satisfaction. In essence, the types of evaluation mentioned designers evaluation and evaluation of the contractor client satisfaction have the same aim: evaluating the DSR. The observation of these practices and the literature review contributed for the elaboration of guidelines to the designers selection and the evaluation of the design service rendering.
Sensibilização cruzada entre anfetamina e nicotina: avaliação neuroquímica do núcleo acumbens e córtex préfrontal em ratos adolescentes e adultos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-24)
Carneiro de Oliveira, Paulo Eduardo
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Planeta, Cleopatra da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2514762545280942
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9776309560034777
Nicotine and psychostimulants are often abused in combination. Drug abuse often begins during adolescence. Exposure to drugs of abuse during adolescence can have long-term consequences. We have previously demonstrated that adolescent rats pretreated with amphetamine displayed behavioral sensitization to nicotine, which persisted until adulthood. Moreover, the pretreatment with nicotine during adolescence sensitized adolescent and adult animals to amphetamine-induced locomotor activation. In the present study we investigated whether the behavioral cross-sensitization between nicotine and amphetamine is related to changes in dopamine or serotonin neurotransmission. To this end adolescent rats (post-natal day 28) were treated with nicotine (0.4 mg/Kg), amphetamine (5.0 mg/Kg) or saline during seven days. Three or thirty days after the last injection animals received an acute injection of nicotine (0.4 mg/Kg), amphetamine (5.0 mg/Kg for adolescents or 1.0 mg/Kg for adults) or saline. Thirty minutes after challenge rats were sacrificed, decapitated and brains removed. Nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) were dissected and prepared for HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) analysis. Dopamine, DOPAC, HVA, serotonin and 5-HIAA were measured in these brain regions. Our results showed that: 1) repeated administration of nicotine attenuated the acute effect of amphetamine on NAcc dopamine levels of adolescent rats; 2) repeated administration of nicotine increased the acute effect of amphetamine on PFC dopamine levels of adolescent rats; 3) repeated administration of nicotine, during adolescence, increased the acute effect of amphetamine on PFC dopamine of adult rats. The behavioral cross-sensitization shown previously is not related to alterations in NAcc and PFC concentrations of neurotransmitters and its metabolites. However, neuroadaptations induced by repeated nicotine during adolescence endures until adulthood.
República Pau-Brasil : política e literatura no modernismo de Oswald de Andrade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-24)
Bertelli, Giordano Barbin
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Pellegrini, Tânia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0280434883580627
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8423897663939012
This work aims to investigate the relationship between politics and literature in Oswald de Andrade s modernism, mainly through the reading of Manifesto da Poesia Pau- Brasil, Manifesto Antropófago and the poetry book Pau-Brasil. We have analyzed such relationships focusing on the junction between the literary and the political fields, and the integration of its logic and agents in the sociocultural diversity process related to coffee growing. We aim at clarifying the ambiguous aspects of complicity, collaboration and dissent that the propositions and achievements of Oswald s aesthetic presented, vis a vis the efforts of preparing an epic for São Paulo. Carried out by groups and leaders of Sao Paulo s literate elite, the épica bandeirante aims to building a sociosymbolic order, which would distinguish its hegemony and would neutralize the threats arising from the cultural otherness of social groups originated in the process of change that then crossed the social area of São Paulo. In this field of forces, the modernism of Oswald appears as a symbolic force fed social and subjectively of the conflicts that composed its conditions of emergency.
Cores e seus significados no senso comum para apoiar a colaboração na aprendizagem via web : uma solução em forma de Padrões de Design Motivacionais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-24)
Dias, Ana Luiza
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Silva, Junia Coutinho Anacleto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6200743168568684
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6673911479799192
Collaborative learning supported by computers increases due to the tendency schools have to get assumed to digital inclusion in curriculum and to explore this potential as an alternative complementary to the traditional teaching methodology. According to this new practice the individual skills are valued and contribute to build up learning, which belongs to the group. However, it can be seen that learning through computing environment is not always effective because it can generate lack of motivation, little involvement and collaboration as there are limitations in computational proposals, which must always be seen as complementary to face interaction. It is always difficult to engage apprentices in learning activities in order to motivate them both to persist in challenging tasks and to value education, generally. In order to minimize the inequality of socioeconomic conditions and provide solutions that can consider cultural values of each learner involved in a collaborative task, this work shows the formalization of a Motivational Design Proto-Pattern Set based on colors and their cultural meanings built in common sense of the Brazilian. This set aims to support educational solution design to Web, which promotes collaboration, since colors may highlight important points, facilitate content reading and consequently, increase the satisfaction of use of computer resources and engagement of apprentice in their learning. The common sense used comes from the knowledge base of the Open Mind Common Sense Brazil Project (OMCS-Br) (http://www.sensocomum.ufscar.br). In order to validate this work, a Web collaborative educational environment has been modified changed applying on one of the formalized proto-patterns, and the environment was used in Vivência-Anglo S.S. Educational School in Itapira/SP, a partner in the LIA in the study of computer applications for childhood education, where was developed a case study. The results have pointed out the potential of color as a stimulus to motivation and learning, as well as the interest between educators and apprentices on Web collaborative educational environments, breaking the learning traditional paradigm, now with the computer support.
Uso de senso comum no apoio a jogos narrativos para crianças em idade escolar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-24)
Silva, Marcos Alexandre Rose
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Silva, Junia Coutinho Anacleto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6200743168568684
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3381517748983487
This research describes how common sense knowledge can help to define and to tell stories in narrative games. In order to evaluate this possibility, it has been developed a Web narrative game, called Contexteller, which allows educators to teach some skills that are part of the student s education and life, such as: ways to express themselves and to work in group. Nowadays, there are several educational challenges to teach some skills at school. For instance, educators can not easily find a tool or activity in order to help them to work collaboratively with their students. Therefore, this game allows educators, as co-authors, to create the story taking into account their goals, pedagogical approach and the student s cultural reality. Through the game, they can get some information related to the student s values, culture and knowledge, i.e., student s common sense. Then, teachers can use common vocabulary before and during the narrative, considering myths, beliefs and knowledge of the students´ group and, consequently, enabling them not only to identify but also to get interested in collaborate with the teacher and the other students to develop the story. In order to observe the use of this game in an educational environment and collect the opinion of target group a study case, described in this thesis, was performed at a school in Itapira/SP.
Histórico demográfico e filogeografia em populações brasileiras de Ardea alba egretta
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-24)
Corrêa, Thaís Camilo
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Del Lama, Sílvia Nassif
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7893772074091604
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7328514673394233
The present work studied populations of Ardea alba egretta (Great Egret) family Ardeidae (Aves), sampled from four Brazilian regions situated at different latitudes (Rio Grande do Sul, Pantanal, São Paulo and Amapá). Species-specific primers developed in this study allowed the sequencing of 194 individuals in the Domain I of mitochondrial DNA control region (fragment of 586 bp). Fifty-eight polymorphic sites were found, defining 74 haplotypes. Haplotype Hap9 was the most frequent and the majority of the remaining haplotypes occurred in low frequencies. Average nucleotide diversity was 0.006 and average haplotype diversity 0.908. Distribution of nucleotide diversity followed a descending order: Amapá> Pantanal> São Paulo> Rio Grande do Sul, and the differences between Amapá and the other populations were statistically significant. Results of AMOVA analysis indicated that there is genetic differentiation among populations of the four regions (Fct = 0.02145, p = 0.03324). Values of the pairwise F-statistics showed low genetic structuring among the colonies within each region, but significant structuring among the four regions. It was evident by the analysis of structuring that the genetic composition of Amapá is different from other regions. Significant differences revealed by the tests of Fu's Fs, Tajima's D, R2 and analyses of mismatch distribution, together with star-shaped haplotype networks, indicated signals of demographic expansion in the populations of Rio Grande do Sul and Pantanal. For the Amapá population only biases of Fu's Fs were significant and the curves of "mismatch distribution" can be explained by the unimodal standard distribution. The estimated time of expansion (τ) for Rio Grande do Sul population was 7,195 years before present, for Pantanal population was 32,009 and for Amapá population was 68,674. Obtained results are consistent with the hypothesis that the equatorial region likely was a refuge for populations of this species during the Pleistocene glaciations.
Influência da compatibilização interfacial seletiva nas propriedades mecânicas de compósitos híbridos ternários de PET/fibra de vidro/elastômeros olefínicos reativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-25)
Carvalho, Gustavo Baldi de
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Sousa, José Alexandrino de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7737833809468759
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2108032825479988
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic widely used for packaging of aereted soft drinks, which makes the recycling of post-consumer PET material necessary to prevent the negative environmental impact of its disposal. The recycling of PET as an engineering thermoplastic can be accomplished by the incorporation of glass fiber (GF) and elastomeric impact modifier to the PET matrix, forming a ternary hybrid composite. To assure an appropriate balance of mechanical properties of stiffness, strength and toughness in this composite, it is important that the GF and rubber particles are dispersed separately in the matrix, avoiding the encapsulation of the fibers by the rubber phase and promoting, simultaneously GF reinforcement and rubber toughening mechanisms. In this work, the influence of selective interfacial compatibilization on the mechanical properties of hybrid composites of recycled PET was studied, as the matrix polymer was modified with reactive olefin elastomers of E-MA-GMA and E-EA-MAH, as well as with short GF treated with either epoxy (FV952) or aminesilanes (FV983). Ternary systems of PET/E-MA-GMA/FV952, PET/E-MA-GMA/FV983 and PET/E-EA-MAH/FV983 were compounded in a twin-screw corotating ZSK-30 extruder and, depending on the relative reactivities of PET s chain-end groups with the functionalities present on the GF surfaces and in the E-MA-GMA and E-EA-MAH terpolymers, the GF is encapsulated or not by the elastomer phase and, consequently, the mechanical properties of the hybrid composites are affected differently. Mechanical tests and torque rheometry data indicated high reactivity between PET and E-MA-GMA terpolymer, and low reactivity with the E-EA-MAH. Analysis of tensile and Izod impact tests results, as well as from fiber-polymer interfaces observations by SEM, indicated good fiber-polymer adhesion in PET/E-MA-GMA/FV952 and PET/E-MA-GMA/FV983 systems, and fiber encapsulation by rubber particles in the case of the PET/E-EA-MAH/FV983 system.
Mobilidade ascendente, identidade e estilos de vida do negro (a) no interior paulista: o caso de São Carlos e Araraquara
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-25)
Martins, Thais Joi
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Silvério, Valter Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421231847055027
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1495908295162360
This work has the focus to bring reflection about identity and trajectory of some black professionals and businessman from west of the State of Sao Paulo. We search to know how these black people walk their path and lifestyle and meaning and remaining their identity when reach important posts and positions at the work market, that is, when reach a raising social and economic mobility. In this way, first counting on a bibliographic review about the thematics cited above and subsequently with an analytic descriptive moment that will count on exposition and analysis of the data obtained in interviews made with middle class black people from local authority of Sao Carlos and Araraquara. It has also the intention to do a qualitative analysis so we can get more precisely results for reflection in a conclusive way about the construction of the black people s identity and insertion in the Brazilian work market.
Metaheurística tabu aplicada ao problema de carregamento de contêiner com caixas idênticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-25)
Poli, Guilherme Izidoro
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Pureza, Vitória Maria Miranda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2842453464277778
Intermodal transport, that is, the integration between different transport modes was facilitated by the use of containers. The stowage devices in the breakdown of the cargo is an important logistics activity, since the total volume actually used can affect significantly the cost of transporting the products. This approach addresses the Container Loading Problem, which more generally consists in arranging items (for example, products packaged in boxes) of various sizes within larger objects (for example, containers) with the maximum use of the available volume. In particular, it is considered the special case where the boxes to be arranged are rectangular and identical (single sized) and there is only a single container. In order to tackle these problems, the 2006´s Tabu Search heuristic by Pureza and Morabito, originally proposed for the Manufacturer s Pallet Loading Problem, was extended. From an initial solution generated by a block heuristic, moves are applied to selected blocks in order to change their box orientation and/or to expand them in one of the six directions, which result in the reduction, elimination and creation of other blocks. Criteria for stability of the load are also addressed in this work. Computational experiments using a set of instances in the literature demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach.
Proposta participativa de redesenho agroecológico da microbacia do Córrego Três Barras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-28)
Coletty, Carlos Eduardo
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Stolf, Rubismar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5598396937740054
The exploration of the extensive livestock and of the coffee s monoculture, nowadays abandoned, associated with the abandonment of traditional cultures led to the degradation of the micro watershed of the Córrego Três Barras at the city of Jacutinga, south of Minas Gerais. For not get the culture of their lands sustenance local agricultural families seek for work in neighboring cities. This reality motivated the search for alternatives that can contribute to ambient, economic and social recovery in this region. The general goal of this work was to established, in a participatory manner, the bases in which this community can redraw their model of occupation through an adoption of agroecological concepts and practices. The specific goal was to indentify the potentialities and the critical aspects through the realization of a Rural Participatory Diagnosis DRP. This case study was made in the farm/site Três Barras, property that features the rural familiar agricultural of the others properties of this agroecosystem. The comprehension/understanding of this diagnosis allowed to the local social actors the beginning of a new development´s draw with the agroecological practices adoption.
Educação para a vigilância do desenvolvimento infantil: formação virtual e presencial para educadores de creche
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-28)
Neófiti, Cíntia Cristina
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Martinez, Claudia Maria Simões
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4802235453549037
The literature points out to the presence of biological and environmental risks for the child s development during their first years of life which could be influenced by factors present in several environments. In the national scenario, a day care center has been considered as one of the development contexts for being a place where they cohabit and interact, most of their time, with adults and their pairs. It is believed in this environment that there are early possibilities of risks, delays and deficiencies; the child s stimulation in the daily routine could be emphasized. In this sense, the importance of investments on the formation of educators in the perspective of having them as partners in the surveillance on the infant development foundation stands, therefore, in a preventable action in the field of Special Education. It is understood as surveillance all the activities related to the promotion of the normal development and to the detection of problems in the development. The study hereby aimed elaborating, implementing and evaluating a program of long distance capacitance to the day care center educators (Day care center educators development surveillance program Programa de Vigilância no Desenvolvimento para Educadores de Creche PROVIDEC) for the development of surveillance actions, in practice with babies. There were 47 municipal day care center educators of a medium-sized city from Sao Paulo state who composed the experimental group-EG and the control group-CG. The content of PROVIDEC considered the child development, risk factors and protection mechanisms, surveillance actions, the role of the educator at the day care center, stimulation opportunities in the day care center daily routine and health promotion. PROVIDEC counted on six virtual classes and with two present moments. This study was developed in three stages: preparation of fieldwork, invitation to the participants and composition of the groups; program elaboration; and, implementation and evaluation of the program by means of an experimental delimitation, with an experimental group and equivalent control, and, pre and post-test measures. It counted as well on pre and post-test instruments, characterization questionnaire from the participants, evaluation/perception questionnaire about the program, and the PROVIDEC. The use of those instruments demanded qualitative and quantitative seal analysis. From the results obtained, it is possible to note an increase on the repertoire of participants from the EG where it improves its answers at the moment of the post-test in 79 corporative items to the CG with only 8. From the qualitative point of view, the increase on the repertoire of the participants from the EG happen regarding the following themes related to the surveillance of development: the educator s attitudes at the moments where an abnormality or a risk for the child is noted, regarding the mechanisms of protection, to the marks of the Child Development and to the Risk Factors. Such results are discussed under the optics of the prevention actions in the field of Special Education. Future researches are suggested in the sense of the proposition of interface models among educators and basic health attention professionals to the development of surveillance operationalization actions.
Um modelo de visão computacional para identificação do estágio de maturação e injúrias no pós-colheita de bananas (Musa sapientum)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-28)
Tezuka, Érika Sayuri
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Cruvinel, Paulo Estevão
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7924553462118511
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4759964900793721
This dissertation presents the development of a computer vision system for bananas (Musa sapientum) analysis in post-harvest stage based on digital image processing techniques. The development used considerations about image acquisition, pre-processing, identification based on texture, percentage of brown spots and injuries on the fruits and classification of its maturity levels. The validation has been developed considering geometric patterns generated in laboratory, as well as real fruits. With the texture map it was possible to identify the existence of brown spots or injuries in a specific region of the images. The assessment of the level of maturation was performed considering both human observers and the computer vision system. The average of identification level of maturity was equal to 50% for human observers and 100% for computer vision. The results show identification rates of 80.40% for brown spots on the single image of banana, 97.70% for brown spots on the images of bundle of bananas, 97.80% for injuries for the set of single image of banana, and 75.30% for hand injuries considering the images of bundle of bananas. Besides, the method presents application for quality assessing of fruits in the post-harvest procedures.
Práticas ambientais nas etapas de geração de matériaprima e de produção em empresas paulistas processadoras de madeira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-28)
Bernardo, Júlio Samuel Sávio
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Camarotto, João Alberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1427853773681255
Wood processing companies can, potentially, generate environmental impacts such as wood, water, and energy consumption, and soil, air, water, and noise pollution. In order to conserve the environment, it is necessary that companies adopt environmental practices, i.e., practices for reducing or avoiding environmental impacts. The objective of this study was to analyze the environmental practices adopted by São Paulo state wood processing companies in the stages of generating and acquiring raw material and product production. The complementary objectives were: 1) investigate how the environmental practices adopted influence aspects of production and products attributes; 2) identify the tools used to support the environmental management; 3) identify the major motivating factors that led the adoption of the environmental practices. A qualitative study was carried out in 5 São Paulo state companies that produce wooden products for writing, cellulose and paper, or recycled corrugated fiberboard packaging. The research methodology adopted was case studies. Several interviews were conducted and documents were analyzed, among which are the Sustainability Reports, the Plan of Forest Handling, and other information disclosed on the companies websites. It can be said that the environmental practices adopted by the majority of the companies studied refer to the consumption of wood, water, and energy, and to the pollution of the soil, air, and water. These practices are examples of real solutions found by the companies, and can be the frame of reference for other wood processing companies. In order to improve the environmental performance, it is recommended that each company should evaluate the need and possibility of employing practices mentioned in the literature but that have not been adopted by any of them. Another recommendation is that the companies should improve some environmental practices they have already adopted. In most of the companies, the production cost was increased mainly due to the investments in machinery and equipment. In some companies the price of the final product was raised. Nevertheless, the acceptability of the products in the corporative national and/or international market was increased. The majority of the companies use internally developed tools to support the environmental management. It is recommended that the companies make an effort to attract external support for the continuous improving of the existing tools and also for the development of new tools. It could be concluded that the major motivating factors for the adoption of environmental practices are legislation, market regulation, and factors related to business competitiveness such as the improvement of the environmental image and the possibility of costs reduction.
Composição, estrutura e fatores determinantes da ictiofauna de um reservatório neotropical: Cachoeira Dourada, Goiás - Minas Gerais, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-29)
Marçal, Alexandre Sorókin
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Peret, Alberto Carvalho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0995579236780271
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6851252464778461
This study aimed to characterize the composition and structure of the ichthyofauna of UHE Cachoeira Dourada (15 º 27'S and 44 º 41'W), which has about 74km2 (average) of flooded area. Therefore, we selected two points (P1 and P2) for fish sampling, in which were installed batteries of 10 gill nets, each 50m long, 2.0m high, with meshes respectively, 2.0cm to 6.5cm between adjacent knots. These points were sampled from February 2007 to January 2008. In September 2007 we added a point (P3) upstream of the reservoir in an oxbow lake, which was also sampled using gill nets. The nets were left in water for 24 hours and the harvesting was done every 12 hours. In addition, physical and chemical data were collected in both surface and bottom on 05 points distributed along the reservoir, and 01 immediately downstream of the dam, in order to characterize the system. The limnological parameters values were similar for each of the points, and did not show the typical gradient from the river towards dam. There was no vertical stratification of temperature or oxygen. The seasonal variation of limnological parameters (between the rainy and dry months) was greater than the longitudinal variation within each period. These facts suggest that the small size of the reservoir, its shallowness and non-dendritic shape closes its limnological behavior to that of a lotic system. A total of 1988 specimens and 326.16 kilograms of fish were captured. These were divided into four orders, 15 families and 35 species. Six introduced species accounted for 32% of the catch in numbers and 29% of the catch in biomass. The assemblages at points P1 and P2 were adjusted to the logarithmic model of rank-abundance. Simpson's diversity was high (> 70%), except during the dry season in P2. The most abundant species in the three points, in decreasing order of importance, were Pimelodus maculatus, Satanoperca papaterra, Pinirampus pirinampu, Cichla piquiti, C. kelberii, Astyanax altiparanae, Schizodon nasutus and Serrasalmus maculatus. The seasonal variation in abundance correlated with pH and water transparency. Among the reproductive guilds, four long-distance migratory species were the most abundant in terms of numbers and biomass. The group with the largest number of species was the guarders, which was also the second most abundant in numbers and biomass. Carnivores dominated in numbers and biomass, followed by piscivores and benthic-feeders. This fact, combined with the low abundances of illiophagy and herbivores, suggests that the energy used by the fish fauna is of allochthonous origin, similar to lotic environments. Correspondence of species with different points was related to habitat heterogeneity, availability of food resources and biotic interactions such as predation and competition.
Aspectos executivos e a qualidade de estruturas em concreto armado : estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-29)
Takata, Leandro Teixeira
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Figueiredo Filho, Jasson Rodrigues de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0732866094426766
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7402392342005625
The execution of reinforced concrete structures is a construction stage that has significant importance in the overall context of a work and involves materials, suppliers, work fronts in the workplace and a large number of professionals. In this stage many problems may occur: inadequate use of materials, misinterpretation of the project, incorrect use of equipments, action of weather and other inconveniences. Carelessness at this stage can lead to major schedule delays and extra costs, as this will require new tasks, materials and equipment not predicted (a new set of forms can be used, but the material and labor for the service may not be available). Surveillance and attention are needed for a good final product which, however, is not always achieved. That is where the pathology of structures acts, aiming to correct and prevent failures in all constructive stages. Otherwise, problems may appear in the global chain of the work, leading to the need to restructure the process of execution of the building. Therefore, several authors propose standard, and even alternative, construction methods, companies provide manuals of performance and quality control of materials and the codes propose minimum requirements for safety, durability and quality of buildings. To study and improve the execution phase means, therefore, avoiding delays and additional costs, as well as ensuring that the building will have quality and durability. This paper analyzes the execution phase of a given multiple floor building, pointing out mistakes and their possible influences on the quality of the building during its service life.
Mecanismos enunciativos no ensino de língua : entre o erro e a criatividade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-30)
Bertolo, Larissa de Oliveira
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Onofre, Marilia Blundi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4908382415301882
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6358351541849570
This work falls within the scope of the enunciative-linguistic research. We want to build a relationship between linguistic analysis and practice of teaching and learning of mother language, speeded us on the theoretical and methodological perspectives of the Theory of Enunciative Operations developed by Antoine Culioli. The research question refers to the shifts of the enunciative marks of person-space-time in the textual production of the student in process of teaching and learning. Such enunciative shifts, as we have noted, can cause the student s textual compromise. Considering that the context in question is the teaching and learning language, we believe that such occurrences involve the cognitive-linguistic development of the student, a fact which interests us as a background for the linguistic issues focused here. The corpus of analysis is composed of assignments and fables texts. In the latter, the enunciative shifts do not compromise the production of meanings of the text, contrary to what occurs, in general, in school texts. To achieve the specific goals, we seek to understand the movement between the marks of person-space-time in the utterances of school texts and of fables, concentrating our analysis on the lexical-grammatical relations which involve the enunciative shifts. These analysis have led us, as a result, to recognize the shifts of the enunciative categories responsible for compromising the student's text, as well as to identify them as linguistic-statements resources used in the production of meaning in fables texts. In response to overall objectives, we believe that the approach of these issues in the teaching/learning of language can indicate a path so that the pedagogical practices accomplish, geared towards the development of students discursive competence, a task that is objectified by the school.