Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2009-09-29"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 20679

Composição, estrutura e fatores determinantes da ictiofauna de um reservatório neotropical: Cachoeira Dourada, Goiás - Minas Gerais, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-29)
Marçal, Alexandre Sorókin
;
Peret, Alberto Carvalho
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0995579236780271
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6851252464778461
This study aimed to characterize the composition and structure of the ichthyofauna of UHE Cachoeira Dourada (15 º 27'S and 44 º 41'W), which has about 74km2 (average) of flooded area. Therefore, we selected two points (P1 and P2) for fish sampling, in which were installed batteries of 10 gill nets, each 50m long, 2.0m high, with meshes respectively, 2.0cm to 6.5cm between adjacent knots. These points were sampled from February 2007 to January 2008. In September 2007 we added a point (P3) upstream of the reservoir in an oxbow lake, which was also sampled using gill nets. The nets were left in water for 24 hours and the harvesting was done every 12 hours. In addition, physical and chemical data were collected in both surface and bottom on 05 points distributed along the reservoir, and 01 immediately downstream of the dam, in order to characterize the system. The limnological parameters values were similar for each of the points, and did not show the typical gradient from the river towards dam. There was no vertical stratification of temperature or oxygen. The seasonal variation of limnological parameters (between the rainy and dry months) was greater than the longitudinal variation within each period. These facts suggest that the small size of the reservoir, its shallowness and non-dendritic shape closes its limnological behavior to that of a lotic system. A total of 1988 specimens and 326.16 kilograms of fish were captured. These were divided into four orders, 15 families and 35 species. Six introduced species accounted for 32% of the catch in numbers and 29% of the catch in biomass. The assemblages at points P1 and P2 were adjusted to the logarithmic model of rank-abundance. Simpson's diversity was high (> 70%), except during the dry season in P2. The most abundant species in the three points, in decreasing order of importance, were Pimelodus maculatus, Satanoperca papaterra, Pinirampus pirinampu, Cichla piquiti, C. kelberii, Astyanax altiparanae, Schizodon nasutus and Serrasalmus maculatus. The seasonal variation in abundance correlated with pH and water transparency. Among the reproductive guilds, four long-distance migratory species were the most abundant in terms of numbers and biomass. The group with the largest number of species was the guarders, which was also the second most abundant in numbers and biomass. Carnivores dominated in numbers and biomass, followed by piscivores and benthic-feeders. This fact, combined with the low abundances of illiophagy and herbivores, suggests that the energy used by the fish fauna is of allochthonous origin, similar to lotic environments. Correspondence of species with different points was related to habitat heterogeneity, availability of food resources and biotic interactions such as predation and competition.
Aspectos executivos e a qualidade de estruturas em concreto armado : estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-29)
Takata, Leandro Teixeira
;
Figueiredo Filho, Jasson Rodrigues de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0732866094426766
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7402392342005625
The execution of reinforced concrete structures is a construction stage that has significant importance in the overall context of a work and involves materials, suppliers, work fronts in the workplace and a large number of professionals. In this stage many problems may occur: inadequate use of materials, misinterpretation of the project, incorrect use of equipments, action of weather and other inconveniences. Carelessness at this stage can lead to major schedule delays and extra costs, as this will require new tasks, materials and equipment not predicted (a new set of forms can be used, but the material and labor for the service may not be available). Surveillance and attention are needed for a good final product which, however, is not always achieved. That is where the pathology of structures acts, aiming to correct and prevent failures in all constructive stages. Otherwise, problems may appear in the global chain of the work, leading to the need to restructure the process of execution of the building. Therefore, several authors propose standard, and even alternative, construction methods, companies provide manuals of performance and quality control of materials and the codes propose minimum requirements for safety, durability and quality of buildings. To study and improve the execution phase means, therefore, avoiding delays and additional costs, as well as ensuring that the building will have quality and durability. This paper analyzes the execution phase of a given multiple floor building, pointing out mistakes and their possible influences on the quality of the building during its service life.
Mecanismos enunciativos no ensino de língua : entre o erro e a criatividade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-30)
Bertolo, Larissa de Oliveira
;
Onofre, Marilia Blundi
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4908382415301882
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6358351541849570
This work falls within the scope of the enunciative-linguistic research. We want to build a relationship between linguistic analysis and practice of teaching and learning of mother language, speeded us on the theoretical and methodological perspectives of the Theory of Enunciative Operations developed by Antoine Culioli. The research question refers to the shifts of the enunciative marks of person-space-time in the textual production of the student in process of teaching and learning. Such enunciative shifts, as we have noted, can cause the student s textual compromise. Considering that the context in question is the teaching and learning language, we believe that such occurrences involve the cognitive-linguistic development of the student, a fact which interests us as a background for the linguistic issues focused here. The corpus of analysis is composed of assignments and fables texts. In the latter, the enunciative shifts do not compromise the production of meanings of the text, contrary to what occurs, in general, in school texts. To achieve the specific goals, we seek to understand the movement between the marks of person-space-time in the utterances of school texts and of fables, concentrating our analysis on the lexical-grammatical relations which involve the enunciative shifts. These analysis have led us, as a result, to recognize the shifts of the enunciative categories responsible for compromising the student's text, as well as to identify them as linguistic-statements resources used in the production of meaning in fables texts. In response to overall objectives, we believe that the approach of these issues in the teaching/learning of language can indicate a path so that the pedagogical practices accomplish, geared towards the development of students discursive competence, a task that is objectified by the school.
Estudo experimental e numérico da força de levitação magnética em supercondutores de alta temperatura crítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-30)
Sanchez, Elmer Saavedra
;
Moreira, Fernando Manuel Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1809254923092721
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4927164334841312
In this research work we propose, in general, to address the issue of magnetic levitation force between a superconducting material and a permanent magnet. This is a very current and relevant mainly from a technological standpoint, as it allows, among others, the design of machines such as motors, generators and trains based on the principle of levitation. Thus, the research proposed here has been very inclusive, treating the subject of levitation not only from the experimental point of view, but also theoretical. In the experimental approach we have built, assembled and calibrated an experimental station that measures the levitation force, vertically and horizontally, of a permanent magnet on a sample of high critical temperature superconducting materials of the type YBa2Cu3O7-d. Within this scope, we also have developed the ability to prepare the samples using various types of chemical methods and routes that resulted in samples with different textures and properties, where the measurement of the levitation force also pointed out differences between them. The samples had their quality assessed by (a) magnetic characterization (through measures of AC magnetic susceptibility) and (b) structural characterization (through measures of x-rays diffraction and measurements of scanning electron microscopy). In the theoretical approach of this issue, we developed a program allowing simulating the magnetic levitation force by obtaining the relations of force between the permanent magnet and the superconducting material. In this numerical study we have considered the analytical expressions of classical electromagnetism to write the integral equation of the derivative of the current density inside the superconductor, as a function of the geometry and the settings of the applied field. Next, we used the Method of Moments to write the integral equation in its analytical formulation matrix, in which the current density at each point in time is obtained by a simple rule of integration (Euler method). Thus, were also calculated curves for superconducting magnets in the shape of a finite cylinder in which it was measured the levitation force between a permanent magnet and a superconductor, both in the finite and cylindrical geometry. Finally, we compare both results, theoretical and experimental, for sets of samples with different geometries and obtained following different preparation methods.
A sonoridade híbrida de Hermeto Pascoal e a indústria cultural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-09-30)
Silva, Camila Perez da
;
Pellegrini, Tânia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0280434883580627
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0169459180378881
This research addresses the sound hybrid developed by Brazilian musician Hermeto Pascoal, in order to understand the influence of technical rationality scattered by the culture industry, as well as the possibilities of resistance against the logic of standardization of the system. The development of a style of composition and the adoption of specific strategies for the dissemination of Hermeto s creations helps to understand the dialectic between the autonomy of the aesthetic subject and the homogenization of the culture industry, and how the very rich tradition and craft of Brazilian music, especially popular instrumental in some respects, it isn t offered as a docile field to economic domination of this system.
Regras de ocupação e influência de dopantes trivalentes em matrizes cerâmicas transparentes de PLZT 9/65/35
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-10-01)
Botero, Eriton Rodrigo
;
Garcia, Ducinei
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5236758856687873
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8529549983857097
In this work, were investigated the occupancy of rare-earth ions in lattice site of the ferroelectric system (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O3, or PLZT. The influence on the structural, microestructural, dielectric, ferroelectric, optical and electro-optical properties, due to the aliovalent occupancy were also investigated. The rare-earth oxides (Nd2O3, Ho2O3, Er2O3, Tm2O3 e Yb2O3) were added, at 1.0 weight %, to the ceramic powders of PLZT (with La/Zr/Ti=9/65/35), synthesized by the conventional oxide mixing process, and then were re-calcined. The ceramic bodies, conformed from the milled powders, were densified by uniaxial hot pressing method. The properties of the ceramics were comparatively analyzed as a function of the rare-earth doping ions. The structural characterization, at room temperature, was made using the Rietveld refinement of the XRD patterns. In this way, for each composition, the effective stoichiometry, the lattice parameter and the crystalline symmetry were identified. The occupancy of the rare-earth ions were confirmed in the both, A and B, sites of the PLZT s perovskite structure (ABO3). The ionic occupancy is ruled by its atomic radii, pre-determined by Pauling rules for the structural stability. The effects of the aliovalent ionic occupancy were investigated using a novel parameter, the ―effective radius‖, defined as an average of the radius and the atomic concentration for each coordination number, i.e., a parameter which the geometric characteristic of the ion (ionic radius) and its molar content in each site are considered. In this way, it was observed that dopants with effective radius > 1.2 Å, as the Nd+3, preferentially occupy the A sites of the PLZT s perovskite structure. In this specific case, at room temperature, a cubic crystalline symmetry (paraelectric) was stabilized; a typical quadratic electro-optic effect and a slimloop polarization hysteresis were found. Up to 1.0 weight % of Nd2O3, ~1.9 mol % of Nd+3, were found no formation of segregated phase, that shows the ion stability in the crystalline lattice. The preferential occupancy of the A sites, as also in the case of the Ho+3, have the formation of lattice vacancies in the A sites, as consequence. The effects of these vacancies are the decrease of the polarization values and an increase of the diffusiveness of the phase transition. By the way, for doping ions with effective radius <1Å, as in the case of the Tm+3 and Yb+3, the preferential occupancy in the PLZT s perovskite structure are in the B sites. In such way, oxygen sites vacancies (VO) are originated. For these cases, an increase of the electrical polarization, the ferroelectric fatigue process and the linear electro-optic effect could be observed. In this case, for the doping content of 1.0 weight %, added in the PLZT s matrix, a formation of segregated phase and a consequent reduction the optical transmittance values can be observed. Dopants with intermediary effective radius, as the Er+3, have the lattice occupation in the both (A and B) sites equally divided, and the effects of this class of occupancy are mixed from the two cases discussed. Based on these results, it is proposed one limit for the trivalent ions occupancy in both A/B sites of the perovskite structure of the PLZT 9/65/35, where the effects of aliovalent ion substitution induce different changes in the properties of the ceramics.
Preparação e caracterização de nanocompósitos de LDPE e LDPE/EVA com partículas de Ag/TIO2 para aplicações antimicrobiais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-10-02)
Olyveira, Gabriel Molina de
;
Pessan, Luiz Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8276650236213537
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1681746201551274
This study investigated the use of a charger inorganic (titanium dioxide) as a support for silver nanoparticles and evaluated the use of material obtained as filler in polymer for antimicrobial application.Silver nanoparticles-titanium dioxide were synthesized by the reduction method developed by Turkevich, also known as a method of citrate. Therefore, we used three different types of titanium dioxide in the colloidal synthesis and found that nanometer titanium dioxide showed better results for the deposition of silver nanoparticles. Silver Nitrate was reduced by sodium citrate with and without the presence of a surfactant (PVP-Polyvinylpyrrolidone) resulting in a stable suspension of nanoparticles of silver / titanium dioxide. We also tested NH4OH (ammonium hydroxide) to prevent the growth of nanoparticles during the reaction. Nanocomposite of LDPE and LDPE / EVA were produced by mixing in the molten state with the Ag nanoparticles-titanium dioxide resulting from the colloidal synthesis. By assessing the rheological, thermal and morphological analysis we found that compared with nanocomposite LDPE / EVA, LDPE nanocomposite showed better results with regard to dispersion of the charges, but nanocomposite LDPE / EVA showed better results in antimicrobial assays due to the polar nature the grouping of EVA able to bind more easily to inorganic fillers.
Caracterização ótica não-linear em cerâmicas ferroelétricas transparentes (CFT s) de PLZT: TR (TR = nd,Ho, Er, Tm e Yb)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-10-02)
Milton, Flávio Paulo
;
Garcia, Ducinei
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5236758856687873
Lead titanate zirconate modified with lanthanum, or PLZT, is one the most ferroelectric compounds utilized in electronic devices, due to its versatility and low production costs in comparison with single-crystalline materials. When adequately prepared, this system presents good optical (high optical transmission) properties, in the visible and near infrared range, and can be electro-optically characterized. Recently, in the end of 90 s, it was verified its high potential as host of photoluminescent ions, as the lanthanide (rare-earth) family. The possibility to use its electro-optic properties (due to its ferroelectric characteristics) and its photoluminescent properties (achieved by the doping process) together ,enlarges the range of application of this system. In this way, the electro-optical characterization of doped PLZT ceramics becomes essential, besides the photonic characterization. In this work, the Senarmont compensator method for electro-optical characterization, or dynamic method, was instrumented, and the values of the induced (due to the quadratic electrooptic effect, Kerr) and permanent (due to the linear electro-optic effect, Pockels) birefringence were determined as a function of the temperature, wave-length and electric-field frequency, of the rare-earth (Nd2O3, Ho2O3, Er2O3, Tm2O3 e Yb2O3) doped PLZT, with La/Zr/Ti=9/65/35, ceramics. The results shown a relationship between of the electro-optic (electro-optic coefficients, or birefringence values) and the dielectric, ferroelectric and structural properties (studied in others works) of the ceramics, that were related with the site occupancy and the structural defects due to the aliovalent dopant. It also can be identified two distinct birefringence dependence as a function of the electric field, for the same electro-optic effect (Kerr, or Pockels), identified as a function of the doping process. In the case of electro-optical characterizations in function of the variable frequency, was observed an agreement with the characterization ferroelectric results made in other works in GCFerr, being evidenced the reduction of electro-optical properties with increasing frequency, where if it observed the occurrence of anomalies in the Pockels response with direct influence on the response Kerr. The characterization as a function of wavelength showed the occurrence of two types of behavior depending on the dopant ion used, being one of them the reduction of the values of birefringence with increasing wavelength (the samples pure and doped ions neodymium (Nd) and ytterbium (Yb)), with a tendency to expected behavior in the literature, however, in the second was seen irregular increase birefringence with increase wavelength (for samples doped with ions holmio ( Ho), erbium (Er) and thulium (Tm),not existing relation with to the theoretical models adopted. In relation the characterization as a function of temperature, this was carried through in a temperature interval that understood the characteristic temperatures of systems relaxores (freezing temperature (TF), the maximum dielectric permittivity (TM (e)) and Burns (TB)), except for the sample doped with neodymium ions, whose freezing temperature is below interval worked. By the curve of birefringence (Δn) as a function of temperature was possible to determine the temperature of maximum birefringence for each of the samples, correlated them with each other. Through the curve (d Δn / dt) vs. T was possible to identify a relationship between the maximum variations, positive and negative birefringence with the temperature characteristics TF and TB.
Efeito Aharonov-Bohm: extensões auto-adjuntas e espalhamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-10-05)
Pereira, Marciano
;
Oliveira, César Rogério de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5485204156806697
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5082255083350460
In this work we present a study of topics related to the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) e®ect. Our framework is that of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics and we use the point of view of mathematical physics. (1) We study the solenoid of finite length and zero radius and compare their self- adjoint extensions with the known case of the solenoid of infinite length and also of zero radius in the plane. (2) By considering an infinitely long cylindrical solenoid of radius greater than zero, mainly in the plane, we present a classification of all self-adjoint SchrÄodinger operators (i.e., the possible boundary conditions on the solenoid border) that mathematically could characterize the AB operator, whose domains are contained in the natural space of twice weakly di®erentiable functions (and, of course, also square integrable). (3) We then consider the traditional Dirichlet, Neumann and Robin boundary conditions on the solenoid border and calculate and compare their scattering matrices and cross sections. Hopefully this could be used to experimentally select one of such extensions. (4) Finally, we discuss a theoretical mechanism we propose to select and so justify the usual AB hamiltonian with Dirichlet boundary conditions on the solenoid. This is obtained by way of increasing sequences of finitely long solenoids together with a natural impermeability procedure; further, it is shown that both limits commute. Such rigorous limits are in the strong resolvent sense.
Quanto vale um talento? Uma análise antropológica sobre a valorização e circulação dos jogadores de futebol profissional no mercado esportivo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-10-13)
Palmiéri, Júlio César Jatobá
;
Toledo, Luiz Henrique de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6711269335520497
Preservação de mínimos locais de famílias de funcionais via gama-convergência e aplicações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-10-14)
Pereira, Jamil Viana
;
Nascimento, Arnaldo Simal do
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6609243657130387
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1641850650875934
Análise da expressão e do papel da ADAM9 humana na capacidade invasiva de células tumorais por silenciamento gênico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-10-14)
Micocci, Kelli Cristina
;
Araújo, Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4065824911933203
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5602101431025314
ADAMs is a term used to describe the presence of disintegrin and metalloprotease domains(A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease) in a certain class of multi-functional membrane proteins,expressed in several animal species such as mammals and insects. They play important rolesin many physiological processes as in fertilization, myoblast fusion, migration, proliferationand cell survival, as well in diseases including breast, prostate, and pancreas cancer. ADAM9is involved in cellular processes such as adhesion, migration and signaling of tumor cells andit is involved in the metastatic spreading. Aims: To analyze the expression of ADAM9 intumor cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and DU-145), no tumors (FH and C2C12), and to generateknockout clones for ADAM9 expression using silencing RNA techniques for the study ofADAM9 effects on invasion, proliferation and gene expression of MDA-MB-231 cells.Methods: Cells were cultured and plated (2x106 cells/plate of 6cm) for 24 hours in DMEM(10% FBS) and lysed for western blotting and zymography. To check for inhibition ofadhesion to immobilized collagen I, MDA-MB-231 cells and FH (5x106 cells/ml) werelabeled with CMFDA, and then incubated with anti-ADAM9D and anti-RP3ADAM9 indifferent concentrations. For ADAM9 silencing, it was used a kit (Silencer ® siRNA StarterKit - Ambion), 2x105 cells (MDA-MB-231) and the transfection agent (Lipofectamine 2000 -Invitrogen). The cells were plated in 5ml of culture medium DMEM/plate. On the third daycells were treated with the transfection agent and RNA silencing primers. Total RNA wasisolated for RT-PCR, and proliferation and invasion in matrigel assays. Results: All the celllines studied expressed ADAM9 in the tested conditions. MMP-2 (Gelatinase-A) activity wasdetected in the cell extracts of all studied cell lines. Silencing of ADAM9 did not affect therate of MDA-MB-231 proliferation, at 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 days after silencing (24 or 48hours of incubation in 96-well plates). Silencing of human ADAM9 inhibited tumor cellinvasion in matrigel (71,51±8,02%) when compared to control. Conclusion: The generation ofMDA-MB-231 knockout clones lacking ADAM9 expression using siRNA technique did notaffect the rate of cell proliferation but inhibited tumor cell matrigel invasion, suggesting thatADAM9 is an important molecule in the processes of invasion and metastasis.
Estabelecimento de meios de cultura para o cultivo de Streptomyces isolados de sedimento marinho
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-10-16)
Romano, Luis Henrique
;
Sousa, Cristina Paiva de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9002619114161319
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0692713353762468
Microorganisms represent an important source for production of bioactive metabolites for diverse applications. The production of these substances is directly related to the culture medium associated with sources of carbon and nitrogen available. Thus this study aimed to establish an appropriate composition of culture media for growth of Streptomyces carpaticus, Streptomyces acrimycini and Streptomyces cebimarensis. These microorganisms were isolated from marine sediments that were preserved in cryovials stored at-80ºC. The species studied were grown on solid media ISP4, ISP5 and GYM and phenotypically characterized. It was observed that Streptomyces carpaticus developed uniformly in all culture media and presented production of pigment in Gym medium. Microorganisms were also grown in solid media (Gym, A1RDP, ISP4 and ISP5). It was observed that Gym is the best medium to promote the microorganism growth. The strains were grown in different concentrations on osmotic medium Gym and on minimal medium with different sources of carbon and nitrogen in crops with flasks. The three strains were grown in batch bioreactors using conventional Gym medium and it was obtained 4 g / L of cell mass of S. carpaticus and S. acrymicini and 6 g / L of cell mass of S. cebimarensis. It was observed the presence of substances with cytotoxic activity on the breeding grounds. Besides, it was observed that the three species probably present diauxic behavior. S. carpaticus consumed preferentially maltose, while other species used glucose first.
Estudo de efeitos quânticos em redes de junções Josephson SNS e SIS com composição Nb-CuxAlyOz-Nb através da indução de vórtices por conseqüência do tamanho de rede
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-10-16)
Rivera, Victor Anthony Garcia
;
Moreira, Fernando Manuel Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1809254923092721
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4335695906660499
In this thesis we studied the quantum effects in networks of Josephson junctions under the induction of vortices and as a consequence of the size of the sample itself. For this, it also was carried out all the instrumentation required to achieve that goal. The superconducting devices known as Josephson junctions offer the opportunity to study a wide variety of concepts of basic physics, especially when they are in the form of twodimensional arrays called networks. In particular, these structures allow us to study quantum phenomena such as tunneling Josephson dc / ac, proximity effect, Coulomb blockade, quantum fluctuations and others like phase transition of Berezinsky-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT), all present in these devices. In particular, in this thesis we study two-dimensional networks of Josephson junctions of types SNS (superconductor-normal-superconductor) and SIS (superconductor-insulatorsuperconductor) with composition Nb -CuxAlyOz-Nb. The study of these samples was performed by obtaining the characteristic curves V × I with and without applied magnetic field. The analysis of these curves was performed by the law of power scale: ��for the SNS network, and ��/�� for the SIS networks. The fact th��at ��t��w��o types of formulas adjustment is due to the asymptotic behavior present in these samples. Moreover, the temperature of the BKT transition was determined for ��3. The analysis of the experimental obtained results clearly shows the dependence of quantum effects on the size of the samples studied.
A catequese colonial jesuítica na região do Itatim no século XVII
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-10-16)
Sousa, Neimar Machado de
;
Ferreira Junior, Amarilio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0748545841167046
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2521988816697732
Esta pesquisa es un estudio de las relaciones, contexto e influencias pedagógicas construidas desde el contacto de los misioneros y maestros jesuitas con los Itatín, durante el siglo XVII, en la Provincia de Itatín. Su objetivo es investigar los principios fundamentales de la educación jesuítica colonial entre los Itatín, relacionando catequesis, conversión y la ocupación española del territorio indígena que implicó en el establecimiento de negociación, establecidos desde el contacto indígena con los misioneros jesuitas, colonos, encomenderos españoles y esclavistas luso paulistas. El estudio está basado en los manuscritos de la Colección de Angelis, analizados desde la perspectiva étnica histórica, una especialización en la frontera de los estudios de historia social y económica aplicados a la Historia de la Educación. Los estudios de las relaciones sociales establecidas en el ámbito de la escuela en esta región abordan tradicionalmente el período reciente siendo pocos los análisis sobre el gran período jesuítico y colonial. Estos estudios enfatizan la comparación entre los colegios que se establecieron en el litoral luso-brasileño y tierras interiores de América española cuya tendencia es englobar las misiones de Itatín entre las reducciones de Paraguay sin enfatizar la participación de los indígenas en la construcción, negociación o negación de los proyectos coloniales, entre ellos el escolar. Además, no tratan el papel de la escuela en la destrucción de las identidades indígenas. Uno de los resultados alcanzados, relacionados más específicamente al oficio de la historia, es el cuidado metodológico en el trato con la actuación y las orientaciones pedagógicas de la Compañía, pues estas relaciones se produjeron en el tiempo cronológico colonial. El objetivo primero de estas reducciones fue cristianizar los rasgos indígenas que no pudiesen ser sustituidos, apagados o destruidos. Para cristianizar o civilizar, fue necesario un esfuerzo interpretativo para probar, basado en la tradición, la aptitud de los indígenas para aprender, o sea, la mayor interrogación fue: ¿Estos hombres son hombres, portadores del logos y con derecho al uso pleno de la palabra? A los colonizadores y conquistadores, parecía que solamente una parcialidad de la humanidad tenía esta capacidad y derecho, o sea, los colonizadores. La educación jesuítica en Itatín, colonial y occidental, fue un instrumento de alcance limitado, pero apropiado, a la medida de lo posible, por los Itatín para tener accesibilidad y tránsito por el mundo Blanco.
Caracterização e análise do patrimônio arbóreo da malha viária urbana central do município de São Carlos-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-10-22)
Sucomine, Nivia Maria
;
Sales, Almir
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7377787166073311
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848798472640309
The road afforestation from the central urban area of São Carlos-SP was studied in order to know it and diagnose it in order to provide support for its maintenance and expansion. To this end, we performed a qualitative and quantitative assessment of tree cover, all its information and analysis developed and entered into a computerized database. We have found 103 different plant species in a total of 2626 individuals, 147 killed, 502 seedlings and 1977 adults. Schinus molle and Murraya paniculata were the most abundant species. For the diversity index and the average index of trees per kilometer of street obtained the values 3.18 and 26.73 respectively. The average diameter at breast height (DBH) was 21.4 cm; 55% of plants had height less than 5.40 m; 45% of the population is compound of native species and only 26 species are fructiferous. Small was the number of affected plants or plant injury, but more significant was the damage caused by the crown pruning irregular. 899 individuals were in conflict with one or more equipment around and 76% had little or no free space pavement. The results obtained it was concluded that this area has a high diversity floristic. In quantitative terms, this population was still very poor, but the overall situation of trees was satisfactory. It is recommended that an intensive program of planting of trees (with less abundant species) in the streets with the lowest level of individuals and another program for the maintenance and conservation of the stock already in place, pruning and expansion of free spaces on the sidewalks.
Jogos educativos sobre sustentabilidade na educação ambiental crítica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-10-23)
Rosa, Antonio Vitor
;
Oliveira, Haydée Torres de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5458113597909705
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9850367938243375
This study, which falls within the category of exploratory research, had the following aims: a) to identify the main elements of the educational approach of socio-environmental sustainability according to the Critical Environmental Education perspective; b) to review the state of the art of educational games related to Environmental Education; c) to identify the limits and possibilities for the design and use of educational games that approach the theme of sustainability in the Critical Environmental Education perspective. A set of stages and procedures were developed based on the multi-referentiality methodology, the main ones being: a) demarcation and contextualization of the terms Critical Environmental Education , games , and sustainability ; b) survey and discussion of researches that focus on educational games; c) survey of the main aspects considered important in educational processes dealing with sustainability; d) survey and characterization of the actual games designed for Environmental Education; e) survey and analysis of table games (educational or not) and identification of their mechanics and other features; f) formulation of four proposals for educational games; g) carrying out of pretest workshops for the games created; h) reflections linking the experiences of both the proposals and pretests with the theoretical references on educational games and Critical Environmental Education. It was possible to verify that the use of games has a great educational potential and offer several possible perspectives, themes, plots, types, and mechanisms. Furthermore, the fact that games can provide a parallel world, without limits for creativity and experience, converges to the purpose of discussing the development of sustainable societies. However, practically none of those aspects is explored by most of the existing games related to Environmental Education, which have a poor level of education contribution, lack critical references, and usually provide few opportunities for a significant socio-environmental learning experience. The surveys that were carried out indicate that there is little production and use of games in Environmental Education. One of the main difficulties for developing such games, especially the simulation ones, is the incompatibility between the enormous complexity of the concept of sustainability and the need for making choices and formulating models with extreme simplifications, which is in opposition to the goals of Critical Environmental Education. It was noted that it is very difficult to conciliate educational goals with playability while designing games that approach complex themes.
Estudo das micropropriedades de resíduos sólidos gerados nos decantadores de estações de tratamento de água
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-10-27)
Jacomassi, Fabio Evandro
;
Cordeiro, João Sergio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2572864522562875
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5507488363554508
The conventional or life-cycle system for water treatment (chemical coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection, fluoridation and pH correction) employed in most water treatment plants (WTP) in Brazil turns water unfit for human consumption (spring water and surface water) into a product that is in accordance with the drinking water guidelines for distribution to the population. In this system, the waste generated in the decanters by the addition of chemical coagulants has been termed WTP sludge . This material consists of solid phase and liquid phase (this latter divided into distinct fractions), and free water may represent a considerable portion of it, depending on the cleaning of the sedimentation tanks. The natural removal of free water from WTPs can be performed by natural systems to reduce volume, in which task the drainage beds play a key role. This work studied the microcomponents of solid waste generated in the WTP decanters of 03 cities in the state of Sao Paulo which use distinct types of chemical coagulants. The samples passed through a drying process and subsequent laboratory analysis. In light of the results, suitable strategies for either disposal or reuse of the waste were considered. It was concluded that sludge from sources 1 and 3 have potential for reuse in ceramics, because they have high contents of Al and Si. On the other hand, sludge 2 may be used in red ceramics (due to the high percentage of Iron).
Uma infra-estrutura computacional para o gerenciamento de programas de ensino individualizados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-10-27)
Orlando, Alex Fernando
;
Teixeira, Cesar Augusto Camillo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1123376648713853
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6460890766229353
Difficulties in learning how to read and write might bring serious jeopardy to students progression in school. Researches focusing teaching methods for individualized application, based on the paradigm of stimulus equivalence, show that it is possible to significantly improve learning of reading and other skills Although they present good results, these methods have limited range, because the presence of a tutor is not always possible or economically viable. Besides, authoring and management of learning programs based on these methods are complex and demand training of tutors and specialists. Some results have already been reached concerning to informatization, though the solutions presented offer little flexibility, since they focus on teaching topics that are either too specific or too broad, which requires complementary effort for its effective usage. This dissertation explores and evaluates software engineering and distributed computing techniques in an attempt to find a solution that might diminish costs involved in the creation, application and management of individualized programs, besides allowing large scale diffusion of teaching through these methods. A software infrastructure that allows these objectives is proposed, composed by an architecture, modules to perform specific tasks, and recommendations on some patterns of architecture, project and interface in order to help the development or adaptation of new modules. In order to maximize the installed base of the developed modules and also to benefit a larger number of students, the solution promotes interoperability of Web applications, mobile devices and interactive digital television. Aiming the validation of the proposed infrastructure and also to offer an operational codification to the problem of computerized individualized learning, a modular system named GEIC was developed and deployed, being used by researchers of several universities. Despite the initial motivation of this work to offer an infrastructure for the creation of systems specific for teaching reading and writing, the solution proposed here is very broad in scope and supports other domains and learning paradigms.
Educação ambiental não-formal : a práxis coletiva dos pescadores artesanais no rio Paraguai Cáceres/Mato Grosso/Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-10-28)
Bezerra, Darci Ordonio dos Santos
;
Oliveira, Haydée Torres de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5458113597909705
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3723687814703034
Cáceres is situated to the left edge of High Paraguai river, in the Region Center-West, Brazil, possessing co-ordinated: south latitude (16º 11' 42' ') e longitude west (57º 40' 51' ') with altitude of 118 meters above sea level. This research was carried through with the objective to know the perception of the professional fishing of the Z-2 Colony with regard to the ambient functions, potentialities and to the impacts of the Paraguay river throughout the urban perimeter of the city of Cáceres/MT, in order to become possible the participation of all the involved ones in activities of Environmental Education, aiming at the environment conservation and the improvement of quality of life in the daily one of these people. Fishing has great importance for the Cáceres population, therefore it is the economic base for many families of low income who use waters of High Paraguai river, vestibule of the Pantanal Weed. The used methodological procedures for the collection of data had been documentary analysis, participant comment, informal dialogues, interviews, works of field, application of questionnaires, accomplishment of workshops, dynamic of group, lectures, systematization and interpretation of data. As results, we concluded that the professional fishing have faced a series of problems generated for fish predatory, for the deforestation and the tourism not guided, inconsequence practical that come causing difficulties in the supply fishing boat (amount) and in the biodiversity of ictiofauna (species) throughout the time, beyond social environmental impacts in the Paraguai river, as exclusion of the professionals of fishes, sanding up and erosion of the edges. Many of them point the polluting activities and predatory, they are conscientious that they can help the environment agencies and present suggestions for the questions of professional and sportive´s fishes. From the identification of the collective problems that face and the interpretation of the perception that they possess on such questions, it was possible to carry through practical of Environmental Education, taking in consideration the open and critical dialogue. It was evidenced that the environment management of Cáceres applied to the Paraguai river is not adjusted, lacking a rigorous fiscalization for it fishes predatory and bigger opening for the participation of the professional fishing in the public administration.