Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2009-12-02"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 20623

Letramento e identidade: a apropriação de gêneros argumentativos na escola com a mediação do livro didático
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-12-02)
Gomes, Glaucia Regina
;
Martins, Maria Sílvia Cintra
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9241992645160356
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5742553254564339
Our research proposal has as its main issue the identity transformation of the student from the appropriation of certain kinds of speech in school. According to Meurer (2005), is through the genres that the subject establishes his identity, as it appropriates different discourses. The PCN (national curriculum) Portuguese Language (Brasil, 1997) points to the importance of addressing the genres that characterize the public uses of language, in which the student is projected in social practices, thus establishing its identity, toward autonomy. However, we observed through the teaching practice, students mostly do not have sufficient knowledge and experience about the social practices of literacy (Kleiman, 2007), which involve certain genres. For Bakhtin (2000), the genders are relatively stable types of utterances that are linked to typical situations of the media. In line with the concept of Bakhtin, Schneuwly (2004) considers gender as a tool, which the subject is used to appropriate the language in this social reality. However, education fails because the student does not see the sense in the production of speech based on models that are not linked to their social practice and therefore do not express their identity. We developed a qualitative and interpretive in a private school education of the city of São Carlos, with students from a class of seventh grade. Ascertain the difficulty in the production of argumentative texts, because the student is not identified in the production of these and, therefore, finds it difficult to grasp them. Based on these findings, we analyzed the data, based on some theoretical aspects of online research Fairclough (2003) which implies certain notions of ideology and power of different conceptions of identity (Hall, 2005) and new literacies Gee (2004). Thus, our work aims to contribute reflections on the teaching and learning of the language and the pedagogical exploitation of genres for the development of new teaching methodologies. Therefore, we will discuss genres as instruments whose appropriation by the subject allows for the transformation, construction and constitution of its identity.
Limites e desafios para objetivação da pedagogia histórico-crítica na prática escolar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-12-02)
Magalhães, Carlos Henrique Ferreira
;
Silva Junior, João dos Reis
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2945866267836763
The present research aimed at identifying the challenges faced by the municipal teachers of Sarandi (Paraná State) on the objectivization of the Historical-Critical Pedagogy for the Municipal General Office of Education from 2001 to 2008. To guide the research we had as general objective: to analyze the limits and challenges of objectivization of the school practice in the current routine based on the Historical-Critical Pedagogy. Based on documents, on meetings observations in the Municipal General Office of Education and in the investigated school, after participation on the VII Education Meeting and the interviews accomplished with the teachers in the school as well as with the Municipal Secretary of Education and their assistants, with the study of a national, state, and municipal history of the economy-politics, we understood that the founding aspect of the social being, his/her work built historically in the past acts in the present time as a ghost. The economical and extra-economical aspects continually and contradictorily take action in the formation of a social human being. The precarious conditions of the teachers initial and continuous formation, the organization of the school practice with neo- new school characteristics in previous administrations, the absence of factual conditions in the present time for the development of an emancipative school practice, the idealistic thinking regarding the State, the alienated work and the capital, among other facts, correspond to the multiple determinations that challenge the objectivization of an emancipative school practice or the Historical-Critical Pedagogy, in the current history, as a fight of classes. We concluded that the impediments for the objectivization of the Historical-Critical Pedagogy are in the objective conditions of the quotidian, promoted by the current capitalist sociability, as well as in the subjective conditions of estrangement of the faculty and members of the Municipal General Office of Education in relation to themselves, in relation to others and in relation to the reality. We understood that it urges to the faculty the need to seek their development as a human being, along with other extra-parliamentary movements in the organization of a radical politics. Thus, eventually, we may think about aiming at an emancipative school practice to struggle against the current prehistory on behalf of a history of men freely associated.
Estrutura e funcionamento de um riacho costeiro de Floresta Atlântica: avaliação física, química e da composição da ictiofauna
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-12-04)
Guimarães, Ana Tereza Bittencourt
;
Peret, Alberto Carvalho
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0995579236780271
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7043053823250811
Estágio supervisionado e aprendizagens da docência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-12-04)
Magalhães, Elisa Gomes
;
Nono, Maévi Anabel
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8634997953885976
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4576173144586634
This study was a qualitative investigation result on the Curricular Supervised Training (CST) and its importance on the constitution of bias in learning and teaching process through the formative course lived by pupils of the sixth term of the Pedagogy Course in Federal University of São Carlos. The questioning that orientated this research was: Which Supervised Curricular Training contributions to teacher initial education in the vision of future general education teachers, pupils of a Pedagogy Course? The general objective sought the description and analysis of aspects regarding the learning and teaching process in elapsing of CST, in a more specific way: the relationships among the experiences of the degree course and the supervised training; the possibilities and the limitations of training in the learning of abilities, attitudes and teacher's knowledge; relevant aspects of teacher initial education highlighted starting from the CST, the expectations, difficulties, dilemmas, challenges and conflicts lived during the CST, their ways of coping and analysis, finally, the impressions and conceptions, noticed in the CST about teacher action in the classroom and his future action as professor in this context . Thus, the theoretical referencial of this research was constituted through readings and reflections accomplished during the study delineation, searching to evidence teacher initial education accomplishing a brief historical survey, and also a short discussion over social changes that we have been living and how they influence teacher education. In that sense, it also brought a discussion about the training, a brief historical contextualization; and its role on teacher education. The data collection was accomplished by means of a characterization of subject’s questionnaire, field diaries, report and an interview with the teacher’s future. In this sense, the data were analyzed in light of taught theory, and reflects CST contributions in the learning of teaching aspects. Finally, it was possible to notice that the training, according to the future teachers, contributed in a relevant way for them to visualize teacher action and his future action in the school context, as well as learning peculiar characteristics of teaching. CST can be structured in a better way and can supply better conditions to make that future teachers notice and understand the function which they have being formed.
Aquisição da Língua Materna : estudo do processo da avaliação das crianças do primeiro ano do ensino fundamental em comunidades de aprendizagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-12-04)
Lopes, Ana Lucia Masson
;
Reyes, Cláudia Raimundo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7530511756329413
This dissertation was developed based on the research line Teaching and Learning Processes and aimed to investigate the contribution of the collective-elaboration process of evaluation instruments in Communities of Learning to the first-year elementary school students‟ learning, regarding reading and writing abilities. The utilized Comunicativa Critica methodology, which was developed by the Special Centre of Investigation into Inequality- Surpassing Theories and Practices (CREA) at the University of Barcelona, is based on the Habermas‟ Communicative Action and Freire‟s Concept of Dialogicity. The data were collected during the Curricular Activity of Integration, Teaching, Research and Extension (ACIEPE) Communities of Learning Articulation between school and society in 2008, using evaluative instruments produced in conjunction with teachers and researchers, who had systematic access to the topics of the language to be taught in the first year and to the contents present in official documents on Evaluation, specifically the Provinha Brasil. In the end of the evaluations the reports were turned in and provided the data to be analysed with the participation of the teachers. In respect of the intersubjective analyses, the examined data were related to the first and third evaluations, which allowed their comparison. These intersubjective analyses took place in two different occasions, one collectively and the other with one of the teachers who participated in this process. The results indicated some transforming elements such: the conception of the language and of the describers by the teachers and the importance of a work drawn to the reading and, as obstacles, the limitation of the evaluative instruments regarding their own correction and the partial students‟ involvement. Taking into consideration the whole process of construction and analysis of the data there was a (re)planning of the teacher‟s actions in the classroom. Reflection about the didactic method enabled the students to learn more effectively and promoted pedagogical work reorganization in the Communities of Learning, seeking the improvement of the education quality for all.
Identidades, práticas e moralidades transnacionais: etnografia da esgrima japonesa no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-12-07)
Lourenção, Gil Vicente Nagai
;
Machado, Igor José de Renó
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4705450652848752
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7757153428132423
The focus of my recearch was the negotiation of 'identity' for Japanese, Japanese descendants, and people without Japanese ancestry living in Brazil with a vehicle a sport called Kendo [Japanese fencing]. In this martial practice noticed a disciplining of the body and attitudes that consciously and unconsciously defines negotiations of 'identity and difference' established social relationships activated by practitioners. The research problem was located as the negotiation process of 'Japanese identity' and its moral postulate in Brazil with regard to this martial practice. And as she and all ethical and moral training in due to contact with immigrant teachers provide support for such a Japanese ontology. The hypothesis that I favor is the hallmark of an unconscious system of value that allows the classification in terms of proximity and distance in relation to a particular notion of Japaneseness. In short, there are characters to biological properties which make the ratings, but the closer it is knowledge of the Japanese. Kendo, taken as an unit of analysis is a machine, a device of Japaneseness - that is, a mechanism for the production of 'Japanese' myth and rith speeches, re-designed and updated from an objective and subjective body-size.
Linguagem e sociedade: análise do discurso de cartas de detentas e ex-detentas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-12-07)
Savenhago, Igor José Siquieri
;
Gaspar, Nádea Regina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4952307421175266
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9377340948989879
This work analyzes, discursively, letters from women inserted into the penitentiary system in the region of Ribeirão Preto, brightening the regions of power, the knowledge and learning manifested there, discovering forms of resistance which emerge before the systems of domination. It is rare to hear about the routine, the everyday of these instituitions. When there are rebellions, we can notice a great interest from the press in this theme, but generally, the exposure of the subjects related to the prisons do not proceed to other spheres. Hardly ever does it get to the scientific field. This study, intends to do justly the less explored path: bringing under the eyes of the researcher, a discussion about the prisons for the university. And in which way? By means of analysis of the letters written by the prisoner women and exprisoners from the Female Penitentiary of Ribeirão Preto, between March 2004 and the beginning of 2007, characterizing the voice of these women like a scientific document. So, this research supports, particularly, in theoretical of the analysis of the speech, like Michel Foucault and his understanding on Science and Knowing , Michel Pêcheux and his comprehension on subject and Jacques Le Goff, concerning his writings on document . Thus, we hope to contribute for the constitution in different ways about the manifestation from the learning resulted from the prison system, through the analysis written by the prisoner women and ex-prisoners. And to be cautious are possibilities, particularly, the voice of the prisoners worthy of study in the scientific field, considering the studies of the languages, and not only from those who detain the mechanisms of control from the speeches in the penitentiary system.
Perspectivas (inter)culturais em séries didáticas de português língua estrangeira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-12-07)
Paiva, Aline Fraiha
;
Viana, Nelson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6252579012192711
Among several perspectives of thinking about culture in the area of Portuguese as foreign language teaching, the notion of interculturality notion has been established as an approach which concerns the relationship between cultures in the teaching-learning process. Within this context, it seemed relevant and necessary to conduct an investigation on how the intercultural issue has been approached in textbooks that explicitly indicate the adoption of this perspective. Thus, in this exploratory study, we aim to critically analyze the activities of four teaching series focused on Portuguese as foreign language teaching (Avenida Brasil 1 e 2, Diálogo Brasil e Estação Brasil) which make explicit in their prefaces the adoption of an intercultural approach. Through this analysis, we seek to identify and demonstrate the comprehesion of culture and interculturality presented in these materials, as well as the implications of this understanding in the process of teaching and learning languages. We found that although interculturality is a recurrent discourse in these teaching materials, the results of the examination pointed to a discrepancy between the theoretical assumptions concerning this theme and the proposed activities. We also observed that, in general, the most privileged conceptions of culture (Thompson, 2002) in the teaching series were the descriptive and symbolic ones, pointing, therefore, to the attempt - from the materials developers - to mirror in their work contemporary assumptions of foreign language teaching related to communicative approach.
Núcleo central da amígdala e Núcleo parabraquial lateral no controle da ingestão de sódio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-12-07)
Andrade, Gláucia Maria Fabrício de
;
Menani, José Vanderlei
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6568042584596662
Previous studies have shown the importance of serotonergic GABAergic and aadrenergic mechanisms of the lateral parabraquial nucleus (LBPN) in the control of sodium intake. The importance of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) for sodium intake induced by different protocols was also demonstrated. Considering the studies showing reciprocal connections between these two structures, the objective of the present study was to investigate if the increase of sodium and water intake produced by the blockade of serotonergic mechanism, or the activation of GABAergic receptors or α2-adrenoceptors in the LPBN would depend on the CeA integrity. Male Holtzman rats with bilateral CeA lesions and bilateral stainless steel cannulas implanted in the LPBN were used to study the possible involvement of the CeA: 1) in water and 0.3 M NaCl intake produced by injections of the diuretic furosemide (FURO) combined with the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril (CAP) subcutaneously (sc); 2) in the increase of 0.3 M NaCl intake induced by the blockade of serotonergic mechanisms or activation of the α2-adrenoceptors of the LPBN in rats treated with FURO + CAP sc; 3) in 0.3 M NaCl intake induced by the activation of GABAergic receptorss of the LPBN in satiated and normovolemic rats. Additionally, the pharmacological blockade of the CeA neurons with bilateral injections of GABAA receptor agonist muscimol was performed in order to test if the effects of CeA electrolytic lesions after the blockade of the inhibitory mechanisms of the NPBL were due to destruction of CeA neurons or destruction of fibers of passage. CeA lesionedrats had a decrease in daily water intake in comparison to sham-lesioned rats during the whole period of test, while the reduction of daily 0.3 M sodium intake occurred after the eighth day of lesions. Animals with bilateral lesions of the CeA also showed a reduction in body weight when compared to sham lesioned-rats. Bilateral lesions of the CeA did not affect FURO+CAP induced-water (9.2 1.6 ml/2 h vs. sham lesion: 12.8 0.7 ml/2 h) and 0.3 M NaCl intake (6.5 3.5 ml/2 h vs. sham lesion: 5.2 0.9 ml/2 h). Bilateral lesions of the CeA (3 days) completely abolished the ingestion of water (0.1 0.05 ml/4 h vs. sham lesion: 8.2 3.5 ml/4 h) and 0.3 M NaCl (0.1 0.1 ml/4 h vs. sham lesion: 16.1 5.4 ml/4 h) induced by bilateral injections of muscimol (0.5 nmol/0.2 μl) into the LPBN in satiated rats. Bilateral lesions of the CeA (5 to 18 days) also abolished the increase in 0.3 M NaCl (11,7 2,8 ml/2 h e 11,7 2,8 ml/2 h vs. sham lesion: 31,5 4,2 ml/2 h e 18,3 ± 3,1 ml/2 h) and water intake (6,7 1,8 ml/2 h e 13,8 2,7 ml/2 h vs. sham lesion: 19,9 3,2 ml/2 h e 22,4 2,5 ml/2 h) produced respectively by bilateral injections of moxonidine (0.5 nmol/0.2 μl) or methysergide (4 μg/0.2 μl) into the LPBN in FURO + CAP treated-rats. Bilateral injections of muscimol (0.5 nmol) into the CeA abolished water (0.1 0.02 ml/4 h vs. saline: 8.8 3.2 ml/4 h) and 0.3 M NaCl intake (0.1 0.04 ml/4h vs. saline: 19.1 6.4 ml/4 h) induced by bilateral injections of muscimol (0.5 nmol/0.2 μl) in the NPBL in satiated animals. Bilateral injections of muscimol (0.25 nmol/0.2 μl) in the CeA abolished the increase of water (3.3 2.3 ml/2 h vs. saline: 26.4 6.7 ml/2 h) and 0.3 M NaCl intake (2.8 1.6 ml/2 h vs. saline: 29.7 7.2 ml/2 h) produced by the bilateral injections of moxonidine (0.5 nmol/0.2 μl) into the NPBL. The present results show that CeA is essential for sodium and water intake after the blockade of LPBN inhibitory mechanisms. The suggestion is that CeA facilitatory mechanisms for sodium intake might be activated after the blockade of LPBN inhibitory mechanisms which might drive rats to ingest sodium. Therefore, if LPBN inhibitory mechanisms were acting normally, they may limit sodium intake because they inhibit CeA facilitatory signals for sodium intake.
Memória e turismo: uma proposta de roteiros histórico-culturais em Brigadeiro Tobias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-12-09)
Silva, Poliana Bassi
;
Lana, Rita de Cássia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1816504631940006
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0889501482795938
This paper proposes to stimulate the promotion of the tourism sustainable on a basis activity for the District of Brigadeiro Tobias - Sorocaba/SP; to enhance the existing cultural and historical heritage based on proposal routes, which are Tropeirismo cycle inheritance and railway period, as well as to promote actions of leisure and education for the local community. The development of roadmaps occurred based on a turistic inventory of District, previously done to use the methodology of oral history and literature review. From the diagnosis of this inventory six routes were proposed, of which five concentrate in the District and one of them includes different areas of the municipality. Finally, identified spot tourism activity should face the challenge of improving existing cultural heritage, of serving on the spot to help in continuing memory, of enabling the community to the resumption of the use of “Casarão” as a leisure and social area, allowing visitors to experience cultural diversity, economic and cultural diversification for the community of Brigadeiro Tobias.
Isomerização do n-heptano sobre catalisadores bifuncionais Pt-Ni suportados em zeólitas BEA e FAU
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-12-09)
Barsi, Fabrício Ventura
;
Cardoso, Dilson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7635533390888747
The objective of this paper was to study the influence of metal loading content on the properties of bimetallic catalysts, formed by Pt and Ni, supported on zeolite HUSY and HBEA. Another objective of this study was to infer possible mechanisms and reaction pathways. In this sense, were compared catalysts containing different contents and percentage of metals in the isomerization of n-heptane and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hydrogen chemisorption, temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). The results show that the catalyst with the total metal content of 180 μmol of Me.gcat -1 was the most active, suggesting that there is an optimum relationship between acid sites and metallic sites. The increase in total metal content of the solid from this value decreases the activity of the same, possibly due to decreased dispersion of metallic phase in the catalyst. In this content, the activity increases with the percentage of platinum, until the value of 50%. Increasing the percentage of platinum above this value, there is a slight decrease in activity of the catalyst. The catalysts with higher activity were almost 100% selective to the isomerization reaction. Through TEM and chemisorption of H2 there was a better metal dispersion on the catalyst 50Pt50Ni/HBEA with 180 μmol of Me.gcat -1 in agreement with the catalytic results. By EDX analysis performed during the characterization by scanning electron microscopy verified the presence of nickel, which was not found by EDX analysis in transmission electron microscopy, indicating that this element (metal or cationic) is dispersed in the zeolite matrix. The results of TPR, there was a greater reduction of Ni2+ ions when it is in the presence of Pt, evidenced by the shift reduction peak to lower temperatures in front of the bimetallic catalysts monometallic. The results also showed that the process of rapid reduction has not reduced completely cations Pt2+ and Ni2+ in the catalysts. It was realized a study of the influence of contact time of reagents (nhexane and n-heptane) with the catalyst and also the isomerization of 2-methylhexane in order to study the mechanism of isomerization.
Patrimônio e turismo: um estudo da aplicação de diretrizes e diplomas legais no município de Sorocaba-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-12-09)
Capati, Natália Simôes
;
Lana, Rita de Cássia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1816504631940006
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0001110001110001
The theme of this survey is the analysis of public guidelines existing for the preservation of the cultural heritage in the country, and how they are applied to two cases in Sorocaba city. The main purpose is to compare them in terms of legal apparatus and tourist activity elements in this scenario. The survey would to show that tourism is not usually present in Sorocaba cultural heritage and often his managers not realise the tourism, in special the cultural tourism as a tool for the preservation of historical heritage. In addition to bibliographic search in the area, Oral history was used as a supplementary methodology to obtain data, besides the field visit. The procedure followed was analyse the role of public managers responsible for heritage (Federal, State and municipal) and the heritage policies, based on historical and cultural significance of the objects of study chosen - in this case, São Bento monastery and Bom Jesus do Bonfim chapel, allied to some considerations of cultural tourism potentiality in the city.
Panorama da produção de livros didáticos de espanhol publicados no Brasil entre 1991 e 2008
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-12-09)
Rocha, Wellington Alan da
;
Silva, Ademar da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9028512631572133
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4174635705145958
The objective of this research is to sketch a short view of the didactic books (from now on LD Livro didático) that focus the teaching of the Spanish Language which were published in Brazil between the years of 1991 and 2008. To focus this research I analyzed 29 different titles, whose target public are the students of Elementary (I and II cycles) as well as High School students. The analyses considered the way of proposed activities directed to acquiring/developing communicative competence and the four linguistic abilities (reading, writing, speaking and listening). The option to analyze the LDs was due to a research checked that was previously performed by Denise Pincaço, which resulted in a Mastering dissertation named História e Ensino de Espanhol de 1942 a 1990 and is related to my research that continuous, that is, goes on such work and focus the subsequent years (that is from 1991 till 2008). First the LDs were analyzed one by one in accordance to the target public, so that it was possible to perform the following analyses. In a reduced way we can summary the production of LDs in three moments: (a) domain of a Traditional approach from 1940 to 1990; (b) publishing books with activities focusing a communicative teaching (from 1991 to 1999); (c) the first LDs published in a communicative way from 2000. Comparing the Spanish LDs with the orientations in the PCNs (Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais) and in the OCEMs (Orientações Curriculares para o Ensino Médio), I observed the presence of disparity between what is suggested and what is developed in the LDs as an example the lack of activities focusing the development of discursive, strategic and sociolinguistic sub-abilities. With this interpretative research, I hope to contribute to the Scientific Brazilian community effort to make up an historic of LDs production in our country as well to point lacks to be even when elaborating LDs aiming the Spanish language teaching and learning.
Organização Não Governamental (ONG) : conhecendo suas possibilidades e desafios na atuação da Educação Especial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-12-10)
Zanollo, Luciano José Marchiori
;
Denari, Fátima Elisabeth
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5575213011914394
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9233226725559862
The aim of this study was to determine the ways necessary for the establishment and maintenance of a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) and present some possibilities of action in Special Education. In the city of São Carlos, directors of NGOs working in Special Education were interviewed, to ascertain why this NGO was founded, what its goals were, its difficulties, how its role is and what organs it is linked to, what society segments and partners and its actions are, besides informing its difficulties and challenges. The participants were five directors of NGOs working with Special Education. The interviews took place by appointment and were recorded on a digital video recorder and later transcribed in full. For support and discussion of the interviews it was raised the theoretical reference by getting information on legal aspects, which must be considered for the establishment and maintenance of an NGO, as well as some means to manage and execute a project. The contemporary vocation of an NGO is to mobilize people and to propose actions and partnerships between the Public and Private sectors. It was observed in these interviews that the NGOs had in their responses similar expressions and this allowed a reflection on the theme NGOs, Special Education and its possibilities and challenges.
Influência do ambiente aversivo na resposta nociceptiva de ratos : um estudo sobre o papel de receptores opióides e canabinóides
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-12-11)
Cornélio, Alianda Maira
;
Souza, Ricardo Luiz Nunes de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9404997187273622
In innate or learned threatening situations, animals display a set of defensive behaviors specie-specific such as autonomic alterations, flight, fight and antinociception. Exposure of mice to open elevated plus-maze (oEPM: four open arms), an aversive situation, elicits antinociception of high magnitude. However, mechanisms involved in this kind of antinociception are not clear yet. This study investigated whether antinociception induced by exposure to an oEPM shows cross-tolerance with morphine (Exp. I and II); is attenuated by repetead exposure to the oEPM (Exp. III); is blocked by systemic treatment with naltrexone (Exp. IV); is prevented by adrenalectomy (Exp. V); persists after animal removal from the oEPM and if there are sex-related differences in this factor (Exp. VI); is mediated by CB1 cannabinoid receptor (Exp. VII). Rats were daily treated with morphine (M, 5 mg/kg, i.p.) or distilled water (DW) for 5 consecutive days (antinociceptive tolerance assessed by the tailflick test). Next day, rats received formalin 2.5% injection (50 μL) into the right hind paw and, after first phase of formalin test, they were treated with M or DW. 25 minutes after formalin injection into the paw, time spent licking the injected paw was recorded for 10 minutes (Exp. 1). Similar procedure was followed in the Experiment II, except that time spent licking the paw was recorded during exposure to the oEPM or enclosed EPM (eEPM: four arms enclosed) in undrugged rats. In Experiment III, nociception was evaluated in rats submitted to 1, 2, 3, 4 or 6 exposures to either eEPM or oEPM (formalin was injected only during the last exposure). Experiment IV investigated the effects of naltrexone (0 and 2.5 mg/kg; s.c.) on nociception during eEPM or oEPM exposure. Nociception was also assessed during the eEPM or oEPM exposure in sham and adrenalectomized rats (exp. V). In experiment VII, rats were treated with vehicle (DMSO 60%) or AM251 (1 mg/kg, i.p., CB1 receptor antagonist). Fifteen minutes later, animals received formalin injection into the paw and, 25 minutes after, they were exposed to the eEPM or oEPM. In experiment VI, male and female rats were exposed to eEPM or oEPM (with no noxious stimulus during exposure) and imediately after they were tested on the hot plate test (52.4 °C). Results showed that antinociception induced by oEPM does not display cross-tolerance to morphine; was not altered for at least 6 exposures to the maze; failed to be reversed by naltrexone; was not prevented by adrenalectomy and was not blocked by AM251. In addition, this antinociception does not persist after animal removal of the apparatus, by contrast, it occurs a hyperalgesia (as assessed by hot plate test), a response that does not depend on sex-related differences. Results suggest that antinociception induced by oEPM: is not mediated by opioid system or CB1 cannabinoid receptors and it is not sensitive to corticosterone. Furthermore, animal removal of aversive environment alters nociceptive response from antinociception to hyperalgesia, a phenomenon that is independent of the gender.
A docência em uma escola do campo: narrativas de seus professores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-12-11)
Araújo, Juliana Pereira de
;
Oliveira, Rosa Maria Moraes Anunciato de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3064136997342775
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4192018360933676
Catalisadores de Pt suportados, obtidos pelo método solgel : efeito do cério na atividade e estabilidade nas reações de reforma do metano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-12-11)
Ferreira, Adriana Paula
;
Bueno, José Maria Corrêa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0157452280626031
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5736423072715628
The effect of Ce as a structural and electronic promoter on the activity and stability of Pt catalysts supported on Al2O3 for methane reforming reactions were investigated to elucidate the metal-support interaction. Pt/Al2O3 and Pt/CeO2-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by conventional method of wet impregnation on commercial supports and on CeO2- Al2O3 mixed oxides obtained by sol-gel method, which were studied to emphasize the alumina properties promoted by CeO2 as a more homogeneous and stable system. The metalsupport interface of Pt catalysts was also explored by the one-step sol-gel preparation method. The samples were characterized by chemical analysis, N2 physissorption, thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (RMN), scattering (SEM) and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), cycloexane dehydrogenation (metal dispersion), temperature programmed reduction (TPR-H2), infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy with Fourier transform of the CO adsorption (DRIFTS-CO), X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy (XPS) and in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The Pt/CeO2-Al2O3 catalysts exhibit higher activities and stabilities than Pt/Al2O3, which are even better when Pt is supported on CeO2-Al2O3 mixed oxide obtained by sol-gel method. Physical-chemistry properties and the stability of the mixed oxides depend on Ce content, temperature and atmosphere of thermal treatment. TEM data show deactivation of Pt/Al2O3 catalysts is due to strong Pt agglomeration. Ce presence makes the support more stable and anchors Pt in a better way. In situ XAS analysis reveal Pt is reduced by the heating under partial oxidation of methane (POM), when the catalysts ignition occurs. Ce presence reduces this temperature and promotes Pt reoxidation after the cooling under POM conditions, indicating the electronic transfer between Pt and Ce that is also confirmed by Pt and Ce oxidation states changes during POM and oxy-reduction cycles. In situ EXAFS results show the Pt-O-Ce interaction and reveal Pt clusters present morphological changes with temperature increasing. The oxidation of deposited carbon on metal surface via metal-support interface (evidenced by sol-gel method preparation) confers higher activity to the Pt/CeO2- Al2O3 catalysts and shows CH4 reforming reactions are controlled by two limiting steps strongly dependents on the temperature: methane dissociation and carbon oxidation. Massa spectrometry data during the POM show this reaction occurs by indirect mechanism (combustion-reforming).
Perfil dos doentes de tuberculose nos anos de 2007-2008 no Departamento da Regional de Saúde III no Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-12-11)
Caliari, Juliano de Souza
;
Figueiredo, Rosely Moralez de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2597491235073085
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9841209843799788
The Heart Region, situated in the State of São Paulo, stands out for showing good indicators of quality of life, numbers of health establishments that exceeds the state average, besides being part of a modern system of information registering, the TBWEB, which facilitates the data entry and the monitoring of the TB patient. However, studies point that the most TB cases in the region that are referred to specialized hospitals still show a classic form and treatment of TB, that could be monitored in the ambulatories of their own cities. Considering the health and information support network and the good indicators of quality of life shown, it is noticed that it is still known a little about the TB patients profile and the kind of health assistance offered to them in the region. The objective of this study was characterizing the TB patients epidemiological profile that were notified in the region, as well as knowing the flow and the health network for their diagnosis and treatment. This was a descriptive and quantitative study which, in its first stage, the TBWEB database of the 2007 and 2008 years was analyzed, and in its second stage, interviews with the Tuberculosis Control Program (PCT) responsible ones in the six cities of the region were realized. The number of identified patients was 122, and between them there were 84 men with average age of 40 years. About 50% showed a schooling degree between 0 and 7 years. The pulmonary form was responsible for 86% of the cases; 85% were new cases and 25% of the notifications were done in hospitals and emergency units. The alcoholism (24%) and AIDS (18%) were the most present comorbidities, and the social causes, the diagnostic elucidation and the non-adherence to the treatment were the most found reasons of internment. For diagnosis, 101 radiographs, 94 bacilloscopies and 25 expectoration cultures were used. The Scheme I was used in 82% of the patients and 53% of them finished the card showing cure. Regarding the attending flow, the cases, after identified, are notified and referred to the city A, where they will start the treatment. The professionals had pointed, as problems, the lack of support equipments such as vehicles, adequate physical space, supplies-, delay in doing tests and presenting its results, besides the lack of medical professionals with specific formation, staff training and active search for respiratory symptomatics. The positive characteristics were point as being the involvement between the staff and the community, the facility in requesting diagnostic tests and the easy access to the reference service. Therefore, it is noticed that the epidemiologic profile of this population is similar to the one described in the literature for the all the state, including a high rate of detection out of the basic attention. Although the PCT had been recommending, since the 1990 years, the decentralization of the TB care, the Heart Region still centralized the attending in a reference city, in the occasion of this study. The interviewed professionals recognize, as problems, the lack of physical structure and supplies, the delay in the flow of tests and its results, the lack of the staff training and active search, beyond justifying the centralization by the lack of specialist medical professional. They also recognize, as a facilitator, the link between the professional and the TB patient.
Caracterização da coordenação dos membros inferiores e avaliação dos efeitos de um treino da marcha em esteira com aumento de carga em sujeitos com doença de Parkinson
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-12-11)
Filippin, Nadiesca Taisa
;
Mattioli, Rosana
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917528501000675
The influence of the Parkinson s disease (DP) on lower limbs coordination during walking is still not completely known. The intra and interlimb coordination are essential during walking and an impairment in the motor control may affect them. On the other hand, studies about the effects of walking training with additional body load in PD are lacking. There is evidence that the increase of body load during treadmill walking improves reflex activity and leg extensor muscle activity, which are impaired in subjects with PD. Furthermore, the PD affects the quality of life of the subjects. For these reasons, two studies were accomplished. The purpose of the Study I was to compare the intralimb and interlimb coordination during walking between subjects with PD and healthy control subjects. Ten subjects with PD (PG) and ten control subjects (CG) were submitted to a clinical evaluation and a gait kinematic evaluation. The PG presented larger stride duration, stance and swing phase durations and smaller stride length, speed, cadence and joint range of motion than CG. The intra and interlimb coordination do not differ significantly between groups. These results indicate that the PG presented spatial-temporal variables and joint range of motion alterations but it was able to adapt to the limitations imposed by the disease and accomplish a functional gait, without undermine the intra and interlimb coordination pattern. The purpose of the Study II was to assess the effects of treadmill walking training with additional body load on the quality of life, motor functions and gait of subjects with PD. Nine subjects with idiopathic PD, in moderate stage, participed in this study. The training program was divided into three phases: treadmill training with additional body load (A1), control condition (conventional physical therapy group) (B) and treadmill training with load again (A2). Each phase lasted six weeks. Both evaluations and training were performed during on-phase of the medication cycle. The results showed an improvement in total score, and mobility, activities of daily life and cognition subscores related to quality of life and an improvement in the motor functions. Significant increase in propulsive forces, stride length, speed, and maximum hip extension during stance were also observed after the training program. In conclusion, the treadmill training with additional body load promoted an improvement in different aspects related to quality of life and in important variables for the maintenance of the functional gait of subjects with PD, and it is a promising alternative to optimize the rehabilitation process in combination with conventional physical therapy.
Bioprospecção e purificação de substâncias bioativas produzidas por Streptomyces tubercidicus, endofítico isolado de Solanum lycocarpum St. Hill (Lobeira) do cerrado de São Carlos-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009-12-11)
Ratti, Regiane Priscila
;
Sousa, Cristina Paiva de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9002619114161319
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5478150276850174
The need for new and useful compounds to provide assistance and relief in all aspects of human condition is ever-growing. Drug resistance in bacteria, the appearance of life-threatening viruses, and the increase in the incidence of fungal infections in the world s population all underscore our inadequacy to cope with these medical problems. Endophytic microorganisms that colonize internal tissues of plants without causing any negative effects are relatively unstudied as potential sources of novel natural products for medical and commercial exploitation. The Streptomycetes provide nearly 80% of all the world s antibiotics produced. The aim of this work was to investigate the Brazilian tropical savannah tree Solanum lycocarpum St. Hill (Lobeira) in São Carlos, in order to isolate the endophytic microorganisms associated with the plant, separating and purifying the bioactives substances produced by the endophytic microorganism. The bioactivity of S. tubercidicus against pathogenic microorganisms was analyzed. The obtained results point out the antagonistic potential of the endophytic isolated against microorganisms of interest in Public Health. The brute extract fresh produced by S. tubercidicus RND-C it presented antimicrobial potential maximum of 200 UA.mL-1 against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 after 48 h of cultivation; The bioactive substances produced by S. tubercidicus were submitted to different thermal and enzymatic treatments and pH variation to be determined the nature of the bioactive compounds. After it being submitted to enzymatic treatment with amylase and pepsin, the concentrated extract stayed bioactive, suggesting the lipidic and no-prothein nature of the bioactive substances. Already the active compounds against E. coli suggests the presence of a substance of glycidic and lipidic nature, due to resistance to the action of the enzyme invertase and lipase, respectively, suggesting that the substances contained in the brute extract of S. tubercidicus RND-C against E.coli can be a ´glycolipid. The concentrated extract stayed active biologically when exposed to lower (-20 and -80 ºC) and high (100 and 121 ºC) temperatures, suggesting that the bioactive compounds produced are not subject to spontaneous degradation. The extract stayed active against E. coli in acidity conditions (pH, 2,0 - 5,0) and it also presented bioactivity in pH 7,0 and 8,0. In conditions of high alkalinity (pH 9,0) bioactivity was not detected. Already against S. aureus, the extract stayed assets in the strip of pH 7,0. In conditions of acidity and alkalinity the bioactive substances produced by S. tubercidicus were inactivated. The molar mass of the substances was esteemed in minor than 3,0KDa. The bioactive molecules contained in the concentrated extract produced by S. tubercidicus RNC-C were purified and separated by bio monitoring analyzes, suggesting the presence of two different substances. The evaluation of the separation using a hight performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), suggests the existence of two different substances produced by S. tubercidicus, one being active against S. aureus and the other one active against E.coli and S. aureus. In the separation by using reverse-phase chromatography (Sep-Pak), were obtained four fractions (St. 1, St. 2, St. 3 and St. 4). The fractions St. 2 and St. 4 presented antimicrobial activity against bacteria and they were purified separately by Sephadex LH-20 Gel permeation chromatography obtaining the fractions St. 2-A; St. 2- B; St. 4-A and St. 4-B. The fractions St. 2-B was activity against S. aureus. Already the fractions St. 4-B was activity against S. aureus and E. coli. These results suggest the presence of two different substances. This work intends to contribute for understanding the interactions of endophitic and plants besides opening new perspectives on the biotechnological potential of the endophitics microorganisms of plants. The investigation of new composed assets biologically starting from microorganisms brings important contributions for the discovery of new drugs.