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Análise do IDH do Brasil, de suas regiões e de outros países: um enfoque comparativo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-01-05) Toni Junior, Claudio Noel de; Truzzi, Oswaldo Mário Serra; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5005536921435787; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6409702142500422
This text is going to show many ways that compose the IDH until the year of 2007 that they are going to be talked the analysis the development for the development from the countries for the Program of the Union Nation to the development from the Union Nation Organizations PNUD ONU. The first chapter is going to show the definition of IDH its particulars, methods of calculus and its structurations beyond the observation from three ways that componde the indicator in the actuality income per capita, health, and education. For helping in your understand, we are going to include the index of Gini to help us in our analysis. In the second chapter, we are going to do an analysis commented and compared of the Brazilian s IDH in terms of inner regions for that we could understand the discrepancies that there are in the same country being utile when analysis the Brazilian s IDH in general forms. In the third and forth chapter we are going to do the analysis of IDH among the nations, showing the evolution and the retreat of each country got along the years, their deficiencies in determinates sectors like social or economics, the characteristics and the reasons of the countries show us the variables of optimization of the quality of live in remains from nations that hale index medium and others in precarious situations. We are going to analyses the divergences that there we are among many region in the globe where we are going to do the calculus between the sub-regions, for examples we are going to analyses the IDH of Emirates Arabs, Africa, Subssariana, Latin America inside others. In the forth chapter we are going to show the IDH in 2007 with the brief report of the IDH the 2009 that gets their relatives facts to indicaters of 2006 the insert of Brazil in context latin and world-wide the observation of first placing, to the last, and the motives that took these countries to get these classification. In the fifth chapter we are going to show the criticism that are done in the index at the meaning of the same not portray with the total real fidelity condition of development that a nation meet and the possible inclusion of others variables that could do the IDH the index much precise. Also be boarding the difficulties of methodologies that exist in case of others variables go in to the index. At the of this text we are going to reunite the annexed of some interviews with professors, or specialist in the field of socialeconomics about the problematization of the index.
Estudo da utilização de fundentes alternativos ao feldspato em composições de porcelanato
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-01-05) Baucia Júnior, José Augusto; Morelli, Márcio Raymundo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0172837599844991; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7324528391865429
The porcelainized stoneware has been outstanding in the current market of ceramic tiles because it offers excellent technical and esthetic features. In this research traditional ceramic raw materials were selected and a standard formulation reported in the literature was adopted, aiming to replace the vitreous phase former (feldspar) from the composition by two fluxing agents at high temperature. The objective was to evaluate these materials as a technical alternative with lower cost (30-40%), since, in the porcelain, the amount of flux former is very large, and represents approximately 50% of all raw materials used. The nepheline syenite was the natural raw material selected to replace the feldspar due to the fact that it belongs to the family of feldspathoids, and has similar physicochemical characteristics, therefore, high fluxing efficiency. The second vitreous phase former was a synthetic material, named flux agent, with physical and chemical characteristics very different from those of the feldspar and even greater fluxing efficiency. The replacement of feldspar occurred in complete and in part, through combinations of the alternative fluxes. The masses were processed from mixing of powders, wet milling, drying, desagglomeration, compaction and firing. In addition to the curves of vitrification, techniques, as sedimentometry, dilatometry, flexure strength test, electron microscopy, piroplastic deformation measurements and X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the material sintered at different temperatures. The most important results show that it is possible to combine nepheline and synthetic flux as alternative material other than feldspar because they promote vitrification at lower temperatures. Compositions with both fluxes showed low values of water absorption (<0.1%) and high mechanical strength (45 MPa) when compared to the standard, despite of the higher piroplastic deformation. The presence of nepheline does not change qualitatively the formation of phases and the flow generates new crystalline phases, in according to phases diagram.