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Caracterização da produção científica publicada na biblioteca Scielo sobre acidentes de trabalho com exposição a material biológico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-01-26) Dias, Regina Célia; Monteiro, Maria Silvia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0451711594111248; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9268262685421814
Health personal are constantly exposed to biological hazards by the nature of their work, which involves the use of sharps and contact with body fluids. Exposure involving biological materials is a serious event by the potential contamination that exposes professionals, subject to diseases such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and AIDS. Knowing the factors related to the occurrence of these events enables the development of preventive actions. This study is an integrative review of the literature to characterize the scientific literature on the subject and identify prevention strategies recommended in studies published in the SciELO Brazil. We used the keywords "Accidents, Occupational ", "Occupational Risks ", "Occupational Exposure ", "Exposure to Biological Agents ", "Needlestick Injuries", Universal Precautions ", "Health Personnel ", "Nursing" and "Nurses' Aides ". The 54 selected articles were read in full by completing a roadmap for data collection. The data were entered into Microsoft Excel for further characterization and analysis. The Revista Latino Americana de Enfermagem published the most articles on the subject, 72% of articles were published between 2004 to 2008, 74% of studies were conducted in the Southeast, 59% of the state of Sao Paulo. The occupation was the most studied of nursing workers. Approximately 75% of the studies were descriptive according to their objectives and 61% as a quantitative approach, 7% were case-control studies, 9% of studies of action research, 15% review studies, 19% prevalence and 50% of studies survey collecting information on knowledge, perceptions, opinions and attitudes of the people, through interviews and / or self-administered questionnaires. More than a third of the studies characterize the accident, the occupations most affected, the circumstances of the accident and its evolution. Less than 20% address the risks faced by professionals in their workplace and 17% focuses on the consequences of the accident and post-exposure. Accidents are not only related to individual risk factors or protection. Accidents are also influenced by the environment where workers are inserted and the organizational structure of the institution. The articles of prevention of occupational accidents with exposure to biological material discuss the adhesion of measures Protection Standard, hepatitis B vaccination, biosecurity education courses in health and actions to minimize the occurrence of accidents. The most cited recommendations for prevention of accidents with biological material were: continuing education, adoption of standard precaution measures, worker participation in the discussion of the risks, action planning based on the evaluation of working conditions and adoption of safety devices. Only 2 articles (4%) investigate the causes of the accident after its occurrence. Studies of this kind are important and need to be encouraged, as it allows the origin of the accident and from there to propose preventive measures.
Modelos de regressão PLS com erros heteroscedásticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-01-26) Morellato, Saulo Almeida; Diniz, Carlos Alberto Ribeiro; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3277371897783194; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0656426665090126
Two problems related to Partial Least Squares method are considered in this work. Heteroscedastic errors and an asymmetrical error distribution. In the _rst part of this work a methodology is developed which allows, based in PLS methods, to estimate the model parameters in the presence of non-constant error variance. This technique is compared with the usual PLS method which considers homoscedastic erros. The PLS method is an distribution free approach, that is, it does not assume any distribution for the error terms. In order to estimate the heterocedastic structure an probability distribution is attributed to the errors, similar to the idea of Bastien et al: (2005). In this work, it is proposed a class of asymmetric distributions, the asymmetric normal distribution, presented in Azzalini (1985), which includes the normal distribution as a particular case. For the heteroscedasticity detection is proposed adaptations of the White test, the Goldfeld-Quandt test and an test proposed by Xei et al: (2009), which is used for testing the homogeneity of the scale parameter and/or signi_cance of autocorrelation in skew-normal nonlinear regression model. The test methods are illustrated with two numerical examples. All the methods present in the work are illustrated with simulated and real datasets.
Construindo proximidades e distanciamentos: etnografia Tupi Guarani da Terra Indígena Piaçagüera/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-01-26) Mainardi, Camila; Cohn, Clarice; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1714080901123094; Última atualização do currículo em 24/01/2012
This research was carried out through fieldwork in the Piaçagüera Indigenous Land, located on the southern coast of São Paulo, between 2007 and 2009. It proposes an analysis of the Tupi Guarani relations construction with other indigenous groups, especially with Guarani Mbya, non-Indians, and also the relations between themselves. In a context of territorial conflict and the formation of a new village in which they discussed ways to rescue the culture, I realized that people can operate distances and approaches to what they consider being Guarani, Tupi and indigenous people, based on a speech that deals with the mixture. The Tupi Guarani people say that they are mixed because of the marriages that occurred between the Guarani and the Tupi as the basis of their ethnicity. They also speak about the mixture with other Indians and whit nonindigenous people - like white and black people. It thus becomes clear that they establish a kind of gradation between being "more Indian" and "less Indian" that is linked to characteristics typically considered Guarani, for example, the mobility and the territoriality. Through the relationships that the Tupi Guarani people establish among themselves and with others, it is possible to understand how the knowledge and the knowing the language, prayers, traditions and the Tupi and Guarani ethnic identities are constructed and constantly updated.