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Identificação da presença de osteoporose e fraturas vertebrais na doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-08) Ruas, Gualberto; Jamami, Maurício; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4274129560250050; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9918106413874214
Introduction: Osteoporosis is a progressive disease with a significant reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) contributes to the emergence of osteoporotic vertebral fractures, thereby directly interfering with the quality of life of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Objectives: Detection of osteoporosis, vertebral fractures and pain intensity in the regions of the spine in men with moderate to severe COPD, but also whether there is any relationship between the variables studied and the degree of pulmonary obstruction. Methods: We studied 34 males with COPD (COPDG) and 33 healthy sedentary men (CG), through the bone densitometry and radiographs of the thoracic and lumbar spine. Results: There were no significant differences between groups in clinical trials that were within normal limits and anthropometric data. The COPDG showed lower values in the spirometric variables, BMD and T-score at lumbar spine, femoral neck and trochanter compared with the CG (p<0,05; Student t test), moreover, there was no correlation between FEV1 and BMD and T-score (Pearson correlation, p>0,05). It was found that 28 (83%) of individuals COPDG have osteoporosis, and 20 individuals (59%) presented with moderate obstruction of the lumbar spine, 0l (3%) in the femoral neck and 0l (3%) in the trochanter; 4 (12%) with severe pulmonary obstruction in the lumbar spine, 0l (3%) and femoral neck 0l (3%) in the trochanter. Twenty subjects (59%) of COPDG with moderate obstructive pulmonary disease patients with osteoporosis showed osteoporotic vertebral fractures in segments T5, T7, T9, T11, T12 and L1 grads I and II, 4 (12%) with severe obstructive pulmonary disease patients with osteoporosis at the lumbar spine osteoporotic fractures had grade III between segments T12-L4 (k=0,90;CI: 95%; with k=0,72-1,0) already in the CG 3 subjects had vertebral fractures and osteoarthritis segments T5, T6 and L1 and none had osteoporotic vertebral fractures (k=0,89; CI: 95% with k=0,72-1,0), the pain intensity of 3 individuals COPDG obstructive lung conditions who had osteoporosis and osteoporotic vertebral fractures grade III, reported presence of pain intensity "light" in the thoracolumbar region, while 21 had osteoporotic vertebral fractures and 3 asymptomatic individuals with CG not osteoporotic vertebral fractures and arthritis reported moderate pain intensity in the lumbar region. Conclusions: We conclude that individuals with moderate to severe COPD also had pulmonary involvement, decreased BMD and osteoporotic vertebral fractures, which indicates the need to adopt measures that take into account the prevention of osteoporosis in these patients and early diagnosis of this. Still, considering the entirety of the individual's needs, these must be assessed and addressed in establishing programs of physical therapy intervention to avoid future complications such as worsening or appearance of new fractures and thus promoting the improvement of functional capacity and quality of life.
Marcadores cromossômicos em Hoplias malabaricus (Characiformes, Erythrinidae). Citogenética comparativa entre cariomorfos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-08) Cioffi, Marcelo de Bello; Bertollo, Luiz Antonio Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0242034365085727
Hoplias malabaricus, a widespread Erythrinidae fish, is characterized by a karyotypic diversity, with seven karyomorphs already described. This report presented a comparative study of the karyomorphs A, B, C and D, which were previously included in a major karyotypic group (Group I), in order to evaluate the evolutionary relationships among them. The in situ investigation of several classes of repetitive DNAs added new informative characters useful in comparative genomics and provided new insights into the evolutionary relationships among karyomorphs. In addition to corroborate the inclusion of karyomorphs A-D in a close evolutionary group, the results provide further evidence for a greater proximity between the karyomorphs A-B and karyomorphs C-D. A comparative analysis among distinct populations of karyomorph A demonstrated a continuing genomic differentiation in this group, allowing the detection of recent evolutionary events, suggesting that this karyomorph cannot be considered an absolute evolutionary unit, as evidenced by their inner chromosomal differentiation. It was also expanded our knowledge of the sex chromosomes differentiation in H. malabaricus, allowing to conclude that repetitive DNAs played an important role in the differentiation process. It was detected a cryptic differentiated XX/XY sex chromosome system in karyomorph C, which is clearly correlated with the evolution of the X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y sex chromosome system of karyomorph D. The cytogenetic mapping of five classes of repetitive DNAs also indicated the probable derivation of the XX/XY chromosomes of karyomorph B from autosomal chromosomes of karyomorph A. In this case, the X chromosomes were seen as the preferred site for the accumulation of DNA repeats, which represents an unusual condition of X accumulating more repetitive DNAs than Y chromosome in fish. The overall results were able to demonstrate that the repetitive DNA fraction of the genome constitutes good evolutionary markers in H. malabaricus, allowing to improve the understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms that have generated the complex genomic structure found in this fish group.
Gestão da integração entre desenvolvimento de produtos e de tecnologias : estudo de casos em empresas industriais de médio porte e intensivas em tecnologia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-02-08) Jugend, Daniel; Silva, Sérgio Luis da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4164265591178698; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2068042414626399
Knowledge transfer and technological solutions to products of a company requires integration between different departments and experts involved in the process of product and technology development. Adequate transference requires the use of certain mechanisms of management by the company aiming at improving such integration. Using bibliographic review on innovation and technological management and products development process, this thesis proposes a structure that contains management practices for integration of products development (PD) and technological development (TD). In addition to that, it was carried out a qualitative research, operationalized by means of case studies in five large and medium national technology-based companies from the sector of capital goods. The findings of empirical work scrutinized technology innovation in product development within these firms, and also management practices used to integration between PD and TD. Practices adopted by companies are described and confronted with the presented theoretical approach. Recommendations, originated from the theoretical and empirics research, suggest management practices capable of guiding actions for a better development of integration between PD and TD, such as: the insertion of multitasking employees in the development team, the participation of R&D workers in activities of market research and allocation of heavyweight product manager for the conduction of products development project which demand technological innovation