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Metodologia da resolução de problemas no planejamento de atividades para a transição da Aritmética para a Álgebra
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-13)
Pimentel, Danilo Eudes
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Baldin, Yuriko Yamamoto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8785562528979416
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2305262757779011
Difficulties in learning algebra found on high school, especially among students of the first year have motivated this research, in order to discover and understand the origins of the problem and consider proposals for possible solutions. The first target of the present research was to explore the possible causes of difficulties on the transition from arithmetic to algebra, which should be done in the second half of elementary school but occurs most notably in the eighth year / seventh grade. Activities configured as problem solving were planned and implemented to detect problems and to support the introduction to algebraic reasoning on three groups of seventh grade students at Escola Estadual Professor Euclides de Carvalho Campos , Botucatu, SP. The objectives of those activities are: 1 Search the steps involved in planning activities for teaching algebra; find the students difficulties in its learning; 2 Implement classroom activities in the seventh grade; collect and analyze the results in order to support the dissertation work and prepare proposals to assist the learning of algebra. In order to reach it, the problem solving methodology was used with proposals for contextual problems involving modeling problems with first-degree equations, linear systems, geometry and counting. In addition to explanative lessons, in which the results were synthesized, the group work and participatory learning were emphasized. As a result, the students shown their difficulties to discern the role of the unknowns in the equation s solving, the meaning of characters as variables in modeling problems and also a strong tendency of trying to solve only arithmetic s exercises, especially through the method of trial and error. The present research examined the difficulties found as by the points of view of the theoretical conceptual transition from arithmetic to algebra as by the contextual problem solving methodology, which involves the school planning and the social environment.
Estudo de casos na promoção da argumentação sobre questões sócio-científicas no ensino superior de química
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-15)
Sá, Luciana Passos
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Queiroz, Salete Linhares
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7925870606416937
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9320228970020024
This study was guided mainly in the application of the case study method of instruction. We analyzed the students‟ argumentation on socio-scientific issues in an undergraduate chemistry course in Brazil. Firstly, we investigated the place of argumentation in undergraduate chemistry teaching, created fourteen cases, and characterized them as structured, ill-structured, and multiple problems based on the Ideal Problem- Solving Model. Next, groups of students presented their solutions to the cases orally and participated in debates on the subject. The cases were applied in two different contexts: first, the argumentation occurred spontaneously; second, the students were instructed about the characteristics of a good argument. Considering the different contexts, we investigated if the students that were taught to argue, based on Toulmin Model, would developed this skill better. Furthermore, we developed an argumentation model of analysis appropriated to assess other relevant aspects related to the arguments elaborated by the students in discussions of socio-scientific issues. This model, called Argumentation Model of Analysis Applicable to Processes of Resolution of Socio-Scientific Issues, was applied aiming at understanding the nature of the arguments, argumentative strategies, and the sources of evidence usually employed by the students to solve the cases. From this perspective, we evaluated the quality of argumentation in discussions on socio-scientific issues and observed to what extent the method of case study favored the development of arguments. The perceptions of the students on the teaching proposals were also investigated through questionnaires. The conclusions of the study indicated that the discourse observed in undergraduate chemistry teaching was teacher dominated and tended not to foster the reflective discussion of scientific and/or socio-scientific issues. Structural analysis of the arguments indicated that to teach students about the characteristics of a good argument favored the development of more elaborated arguments. The Argumentation Model of Analysis Applicable to Processes of Resolution of Socio-Scientific Issues showed that the type of cases influences the types of learning strategies, the nature of the criteria considered in the analysis of the problem, and the sources of evidence employed to their solution. Moreover, we found that certain strategies are strongly encouraged in situations of oral presentations, whereas others are encouraged in situations of debates. The xv proposed model was adequate to our purposes, and it may also be useful in other situations involving problem solving on socio-scientific issues. The teaching strategies were well received by the students. We believe that the results can provide guidance for directing future research in Science Education related to the development of teaching strategies favorable to the practice of argumentation.
Sustentabilidade e a gestão compartilhada dos resíduos sólidos no município de Ribeirão Preto/SP: conflitos e desafios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-15)
Pirani, Nikolas de Camargo
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Vargas, Marcelo Coutinho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4780853657814776
In urban Brazil, environmental problems have multiplied and have impacts in the worse conditions of living. The social sciences fall into this debate with the understanding that environmental problems arise as a result of economic and social organization. Are the differences in social form of production that determine what materials to use, the rate that will be used and the interaction with the environment. Currently, the production of solid waste is increasing and its inappropriate disposal in most municipalities. Since the late 1980s, have multiplied the experiences of municipal waste collection programs in partnership with recyclable material, organized in associations and cooperatives. These partnerships are called shared management of municipal solid waste and represent a model that seeks to promote economic, environmental and social. However, in practice, these partnerships face serious challenges to the efficiency of the municipal waste collection. The research aims to examine the guidelines of the joint management of solid waste in the municipality of Ribeirão Preto in order to raise the proposals put into practice and the noticeable results of these policies on an assessment that takes into account the three pillars of sustainability.
O manejo da cidadania em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-16)
Sartori, Lecy
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Villela, Jorge Luiz Mattar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8301325600502054
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7435592706913728
Fabricação e caracterização elétrica de dispositivos orgânicos emissores de luz derivados de poli-p(fenilene vinilene) (PPV)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-16)
Amorim, Cleber Alexandre de
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Mergulhão, Sérgio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3112407060223489
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2813319640699964
Molecularly doped polymers have been widely studied in recent years due to their electronic and optical properties, and application in the manufacture of opto-electronic devices, light emitting diodes (LED) and others. These materials are very promising since they can be used in the manufacture of common and flexible displays and reduced thickness screens, and they also offer low power consumption and high image quality. A series of polymers has been studied and despite the importance of these materials and all the knowledge acquired in the past years, the transport mechanism is still partially unknown. The mobility of charge carrier and the exact nature of the states are little studied due to experimental problems found in a conventional measurement of transit time and especially in low thickness samples. Because of that, this present work aims the manufacturing and electrical and optical characterization of polymer devices, and implements a new and powerful technique to determine structures mobility of a few hundred nanometers of thickness. This technique is based on Charge Extraction in a Linearly Increasing Voltage, CELIV. Beside determining the mobility, we have studied result validity by comparing them to more conventional techniques such as TOF - time of flight, DI-SCLC Dark Injection current limited by space charge and characterization J vs. V, where J is the current density and V the voltage applied, reaching thickness when techniques such as TOF and DI-SCLC are no longer valid. Another focus of this work is to use mobility to study structures degradation and examine how the mobility of samples stored behaves in different ways, vacuum and air, over time and how this interferes with the process of carrier injection.
Análise da regeneração do nervo isquiático de ratos em lesões moderadas e graves sob ação do laser de baixa intensidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-17)
Benato, Davilene Gigo
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Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5527703735628408
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1386161474488016
Peripheral nerves are frequently target of traumatic injuries and their functional recovery is generally incomplete. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of 660 or 780 nm low-level laser therapy (LLLT) GaAlAs using different energy densities (10, 60 and 120 J/cm2) on nerve sciatic recovery after severe (neurotmesis) or moderate (axonotmesis) injuries in rat. One hundred and twenty eight Wistar male rats (275g) were divided into 16 groups, and they were performed as follow: For axonotmesis: Normal (N); axonotmesis (CR); axonotmesis and 660 nm LLLT with 10 J/cm2 irradiation (CR660 10J); CR660 60J; CR660 120J; CR780 10J; CR780 60J; CR780 120J. For neurotmesis: N; neurotmesis (TT); TT660 10J; TT660 60J; TT660 120J; TT780 10J; TT780 60J; TT780 120J. The LLLT irradiation was performed using a fix potence of 40 mW and a spot area of 4 mm2. Nerves submitted to axonotmesis or neurotmesis were irradiated with LLLT daily during 10 consecutive days starting on the first post-operatory. However, neurotmesis groups received additionally one month of LLLT applied every other day. Tibialis anterior (TA) muscles and sciatic nerve were evaluated 28 (axonotmesis) and 84 (neurotmesis) after surgery. The follow analyses were performed: muscle fiber, axon, myelin and nerve fiber cross-sectional area (CSA); matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 2 and 9 activities; sciatic functional index; S-100 immunofluorescence. Data were submitted to homogeneity and normality tests. Anova one-way followed by Tukey tests and Kruskal-Wallis followed by Newman-Keuls tests were performed when data was parametric or non-parametric, respectively. Significance level was set at 5%. The results of the present study showed that groups irradiated with 660 nm LLLT with 10 or 60 J/cm2, and 780 nm 10 or 120 J/cm2 showed normal values of nerve fiber and myelin CSA. The 660 nm LLLT, regardless the energy density used, accelerated muscle fiber recovery and increased the MMP-2 activity in nerve. Furthermore, it also decreased the MMP-9 and MMP-2 activities in nerves and muscles respectively. All axotomized animals recovery normal levels of function on the 28 day after surgery. Regarding neurotmesis groups, TT660 120J presented higher values of myelin and nerve fiber CSA compared to TT. Superior values of muscle fiber CSA were observed in TT660 60 e 120J e TT780 10J compared to TT. These LLLT parameters were also efficient to decrease MMP-2 activity in TA muscles. All groups submitted to neurotmesis did not recover normal function after 84 days of injury. Based on the proposed objective, it is possible to conclude that LLLT, considering specific protocols vi of application, recovered nerves effectively, avoided muscle fiber atrophy and acted on the muscle and nerve extracellular matrix remodeling via MMPs regulation.
Efetividade do exercício físico em ambiente ocupacional para controle da dor cervical, lombar e do ombro: uma revisão sistemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-17)
Moreira, Roberta de Fátima Carreira
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Coury, Helenice Jane Cote Gil
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8631547579695270
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8540935203896510
Background: Musculoskeletal disorders have been recognized as a worldwide health problem. One of the measures for controlling these disorders is workplace exercise, either at the workstation or in a separate environment within the company. However, there is controversy regarding the effectiveness and means of applying these interventions. Objectives: To assess and provide evidence of the effectiveness of workplace exercise in controlling musculoskeletal pain. Methods: The following databases were searched: PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, PEDro and Web of Science. Two independent reviewers selected the elegible studies. Possible disagreements were solved by consensus. All randomized controlled clinical trials that evaluated exercise interventions in the workplace musculoskeletal pain relief were included. The PEDro scale (range=0-10 points) was used to rate the quality of the studies included in this review. Results and Conclusion: The electronic search yielded a total of 8680 references published in English. At the end of the selection process, 18 studies were included. Strong evidence was found to support the effectiveness of physical exercise in controlling neck pain among workers who performed sedentary tasks in offices or administrative environments, while moderate evidence was found for low back pain relief among healthcare and industrial workers who performed heavy physical tasks. These positive results were reported when the training periods were longer than 10 weeks, the exercises were performed against some type of resistance and the sessions were supervised. None of the studies evaluating sedentary workers reported positive results for controlling musculoskeletal shoulder pain. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to comparatively evaluate, among other aspects, the effects of light and heavy training for shoulder pain relief.
Secagem de cenoura (Daucus carota L.) em microondas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-18)
Rosa, Juliana Gomes
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Corrêa, Ronaldo Guimarães
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1879814643140783
Carrot is a root plant of the same name, Daucus carota L.. This vegetable has a high consumption and its use as an ingredient in the formulation of industrial products has increased in recent years. The main appeal of the carrot is its high content of β-carotene. During harvest the carrots have 80 to 90% humidity and this high moisture content makes it a product with a short shelf life. Drying is an alternative to increase the shelf life of carrot. In addition, a drying operation is required to prepare the plant to participate in various formulations of industrial products. The study of carrot drying has been performed in several dryers and the quality of the product related to different processes. Drying in a microwave dryer has stood out in the drying of food, as its heating mode is different from conventional drying by hot air. Microwave drying can improve the quality of the final product. The purpose of this study is to analyze the drying of carrots in a microwave dryer, to evaluate the quality of the final product and to check whether the combination of vacuum drying will lead to an increase in the quality of the dried carrots. The monitoring of the kinetics of microwave drying and microwave vacuum drying was conducted and the relationship between the kinetics and process conditions, such as the carrot shape and the power used, was investigated. The influence of such processes in the characteristics of the final product was evaluated by determining the apparent density, real density, porosity, shrinkage, total β- carotene and rehydration. Also the desorption isotherms of carrots were determined at temperatures of 40°C and 50°C. The data of drying kinetics and desorption isotherms were fitted to models suggested in the literature in order to describe these processes. The results showed that the drying rate of carrot in a microwave dryer was affected by the carrot shape. The content of β-carotene was reduced with the increase of power applied. The microwave drying in vacuum produced carrots with higher porosity and lower shrinkage, but this characteristic was not reflected in the ability of rehydration, which was independent of the drying process. Of the models fitted to the experimental results, the Page model gave the best fit to the kinetics of drying and Peleg model gave the best fit to the kinetics of rehydration of carrots dried in a microwave dryer and a microwave drying in vacuum.
Consciência e liberdade em Sartre: por uma perspectiva ética
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-19)
Moura, Carlos Eduardo de
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Monzani, Luiz Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2036732603638197
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9919710226746652
L'avènement morale de Sartre exposé à travers de l'affirmation de la liberté, la seule base et la source de toutes les valeurs. La Conscience se constitue, au coeur de l'histoire, comme conscience morale en devenant évaluation et réflexion sur les valeurs, appelant à un fondement et ce fodement est «la conscience pendant que liberté": la conscience est la source du valeur. L'oeuvre moral que Sartre avait promis à la fin de L'être et le néant il peut trouver son prolongement dans les Cahiers pour une Morale, ce qui permet d'esquisser les contours d'une morale authentique comme une question angoissante cloué dans le coeur des hommes plutôt que d'une série d'exigences purement abstraites. La question centrale des Cahiers est sur la place du valeur dans le domaine de la morale, comme Sartre mettais à la fin de L'être et le néant a partir de la notion de liberté qui a ensuite formulé: liberté et responsabilité placée dans une dimension l'éthique. Le monde étant composé dans une relation d'interdépendance, l'autodétermination, la collectivitté et l'Histoire est que fonderont cette liberté et cette responsabilité éthiquement. Le point de départ de la pensée de Sartre est la subjectivité, avec la figure d'un homme qui est transcendance et, par conséquent, fait partie de l'histoire et est toujours en relation avec d'autres consciences, de sorte que le moral et la historialización affirment la liberté. Parler de la coexistence est mettre en avant de l'être une moral du devoir-être qui suppose une détotalisation, une création morale qui ne pourra jamais être indépendant des circonstances historiques: le cogito et la liberté sont la source de toute valeur. La morale de l'action et de l'engagement est soutenue par une liberté qui n'est pas abstraite, mais seulement exercée sur une situation concrète, par un individu qui produise la "totalité" et par elle soit produit. Il n'y a pas a priori, il n'y a pas de vérité révélées et c'est ainsi que le coefficient d'adversité se présente pendant le procès, qui permet à l'homme d'examiner ses valeurs et de exercer l'acte créatif: l'homme se engage dans une monde résistant. Comme il n'est pas seul, la valeur, le devoir et l'obligation appairaissent au moyen de un jeu dialectique des consciences libres. Ceci est la conception sartrienne de la reconnaissance du groupement humain comme totalité détotalisée . Par conséquent, seulement est possible de comprendre la morale à approfondir dans les relations entre la morale et l'histoire. Le «système des fins» ne peut être défini que par un sujet qui se projette dans l'avenir, qui construit ses propres possibilités, en et par la réalité humaine concrète. La praxis, défini par la perspective Dialectique de la tension entre le «Universel-Singulier», est donné par un sujet qui reconnaît sa propre autonomie et d'autres, est la actualisation de sa liberté et de l'autre et ce par une conversion qui se fait dans une situation: une vraie moralité concrète sera possible seulement par une action systématique sur la situation pour la suppression de l'aliénation.
Processamento sol-gel de pós bioativos vítreos e cristalinos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-19)
Siqueira, Renato Luiz
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Zanotto, Edgar Dutra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1055167132036400
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0273898472927352
In recent years, the sol-gel process has been increasingly used in the preparation of glasses and glass-ceramics with biomedical applications. Although the precursors used in this synthesis methodology are a very important parameter, few studies have investigated their influence on the synthesis of these materials. In the present work, vitreous and crystalline bioactive powders of the systems SiO2−CaO−P2O5 and SiO2−CaO−Na2O−P2O5 were synthesized by means of a sol-gel route using different phosphorus precursors. The compounds chosen were triethylphosphate (OP(OC2H5)3), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), phytic acid (C6H18O24P6), and a solution prepared by dissolving phosphorus oxide (P2O5) in ethanol. The resulting materials were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry (DSC / TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM / EDS), and by in vitro bioactivity study. The use of different precursors significantly affected the main steps of the synthesis, beginning with the gelation time. The most striking influence of these precursors in the synthesis process was observed during the thermal treatments between 700 and 1200 °C for the conversion of the gels into ceramic materials. In this case, the samples, especially those prepared using phosphoric acid, exhibited very different mineralisation behaviours, but all were proven to be bioactive with in vitro tests. The bioactivity of these materials was strongly influenced by the treatment temperature, and in the case of the crystalline materials, also by the phases present. In vitreous materials, the bioactivity decreased with the stabilisation temperature. In the crystalline materials, the in vitro bioactivity was favored by the presence of wollastonite (CaSiO3) and alpha-tricalcium phosphate (α-Ca3(PO4)2) for the system SiO2−CaO−P2O5, and by sodium calcium silicate Na2Ca2Si3O9 for the system SiO2−CaO−Na2O−P2O5.
Proposta de teste específico para determinação do limiar anaeróbio, limiar de compensação respiratória e máxima fase estável do lactato sanguíneo em judocas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-19)
Azevedo, Paulo Henrique Silva Marques de
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Perez, Sergio Eduardo de Andrade
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9408953831211309
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6559911217770194
Inovação nas condições de cultivo visando o melhoramento da produção de vacina contra erisipela suína
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-19)
Machado, Maria Manuela Pereira
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Zangirolami, Teresa Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4546701843297248
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8003315191142884
Pork is one of the most widely eaten meats in the world and pig farming is an economic activity booming in Brazil and the world. Several efforts have been made to develop more effective vaccines for major diseases that are affecting livestock such as swine erysipelas, caused by the bacterium Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. The currently available vaccines for the prevention of erysipelas are produced with culture broth of this microorganism inactivated or attenuated. The main antigenic agent identified is an protein fraction of 64-69 kDa, present in cell wall of bacteria and the supernatant of the culture. Given the accumulated knowledge of the studies conducted by Silva (2007), this study aimed to: i) study the conditions employed in the preparation of cell suspension for freezing and formation of culture stocks in crytubes and the stage of their activation; ii) studying the growth of E. rhusiopathiae, the formation of lactic acid and expression of antigen in culture media containing carbon sources alternative to glucose and in culture media containing nitrogen sources of plant origin; iii) to study the behavior of the microorganism in the new culture medium, animal-free, in a bioreactor. The studies for the improvement of the medium formulation were carried out in flasks incubated at static condition or under agitation of 200 rpm. The temperature was set at 37°C and the initial pH at 8,0 in all experiments. The studies in bioreactor were made using a 4.0 L stirred-tank bioreactor, with an agitation frequency kept between 100 and 700 rpm and air flow rate of 1.0 L/min. Samples of cell extracts made with choline chloride were analyzed by electrophoresis under denaturating conditions (SDS-PAGE) to evaluate the antigen expression. Studies of activation of the criotubes containing frozen cell suspensions led to the standardization of this step, with high reproducibility, and reduced activation time by 50%. The studies were grew with different carbon sources, showing that E. rhusiopathiae is able to assimilate galactose, lactose, and glucose. However, there was no assimilation of glycerol. The replacement of proteose peptone, a nitrogen source animal widely used in the cultivation of E. rhusiopathiae to produce bacterins, by Soytone, a soy peptone, animal-free, was a promising alternative for the production of the inactivated vaccine, helping to increase the specific growth rate and substrate conversion of cells in relation to values obtained in conventional medium. In batch cultivation performed in a bioreactor with medium containing glucose and Soytone, it was reached a biomass concentration of 10 g / L at 5 hours of cultivation. For the conventional medium, containing proteose peptone, the maximum cell concentration reported for the test batch in a bioreactor was approximately 2 g / L, which was reached after 7 hours of culture. Note also that a higher level of expression of antigenic protein in relation to those observed with peptone of animal origin was achieved in cultures performed with medium containing soytone.This result shows that could be incorporate the best practices of manufacturing practices for pharmaceutical and veterinary products, subject to the productivity of the process and with significant cost reduction.
Apropriação do conhecimento científico: o sistema patentário a partir do enfoque CTS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-21)
Santos, Elis Regina Alves dos
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Sousa, Cidoval Morais de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0573233540937425
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6551978602305933
The field called Science, Technology and Society (STS) is articulated in the late 1960s and early 1970s, trying to understand the scientific-technological phenomenon within the social context. The social appropriation of knowledge becomes a central aspect of concern. Starting from the assumption that the technological training in undergraduate, in current patterns, aligns with an instrumental view of technoscience, this research investigated the understanding of the patent system among students in recent years of courses of exact sciences and technology area, linked to the Center of Exact Sciences and Technology (CEST), from Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar. More specifically, we attempted to observe how students relate the themes of intellectual property with society, work and academic background. For this we adopted an analytical and descriptive methodology, of qualitative and quantitative character. The original instrument of data collection used was a half-open questionnaire. For the qualitative analysis we used the method of content analysis (CA) applied to the open question of the questionnaire. The results suggest little consolidated knowledge about the patent system and intellectual property as a whole, and the replication of ideas linked to a linear view of scientific-technological development. The patent is seen as instrumental and is strongly linked to the concepts of innovation, competitiveness and development, in addition to commercial and economic values it embodies. Few signs of social concern in relation to the themes of research were found, and it was verified that the university needs to expand its areas of discussion at graduation, introducing, for example, the STS as well as a compulsory subject in undergraduate courses in technology.
Mundo interior e expressão: a filosofia da psicologia de Ludwig Wittgenstein
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-22)
Fatturi, Arturo
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Ferraz Neto, Bento Prado de Almeida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0084436724293824
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4156093176435666
This thesis analyzes the grammar of the psychological vocabulary with the idea that inner world (the subjectivity) and external world (the behavior) are connected by grammatical relations which must be clarified through a conceptual inquiry and not through empirical findings. To reach to the objective we analyzed the common point of view that we have of our inner world and traces the linkings between our affirmations about the inner world and how they acquire meaning from this common point of view. The following step was to analyze the conception of privacy that the common point of view attributes to the events of the inner world. After this we argue that the common conception does not could be a base for the construction of a philosophical explanation of the inner world. Therefore the objective of the common vision of our interior world is not to elaborate a scientific explanation. At the same time we conclude that our common conception of the psychological vocabulary is not a proto-theory that must be developed by the philosophical investigations. From this we open the way to present the philosophical point of view of Ludwig Wittgenstein about the psychological vocabulary. We explain this point of view to clarify our objective. Subsequently we presents the conception of language of Wittgenstein and we link his conception with the way for which he treated or understanding of the psychological vocabulary. With this explanation we show that when we are dealing with the affirmations of our inner world - our psychological vocabulary - we are not contending with a dichotomy between behaviorism and Cartesianism. Wittgenstein shows that we have another form to explain our language about the inner world. According to Wittgenstein's philosophy of the psychology our behavior is an expression of the inner world, that is, the inner if express world through the behavior despite if it does not reduce to the behavior. With such idea, Wittgenstein admits that the relation enters our affirmations on the interior world cannot be understood in isolated way of our behavior. At the same time, our behavior alone is not the criterion for understanding of the inner world, is necessary that the behavior be considered inside of a specific language game that is our use of our concepts of the psychological vocabulary.
Caracterização magnética do compósito multiferróico (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)-xPbTiO3/NiFe2O4
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-22)
Gualdi, Alexandre José
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Oliveira, Adilson Jesus Aparecido de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4640148190073166
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5751113105751035
In this work we studied the magnetic properties of nickel ferrite and the (1-x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)-xPbTiO3/NiFe2O4 (PMN-PT/NFO) multifferroic composite syntherized in different temperatures. The magnetization, magnetostriction and magnetoelectric effect measurements were performed as a function of applied magnetic field at room temperature. The goals of the work were the developement of the instrumentation. For magnetoestriction measurements a capacitive cell was design for this application. The magnetoelectric measurements were performed in two experimental setup: one uses the Physical Properties Measurements System (PPMS) by Quantum Design and the other system was adapted in a vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) We observed that magnetic properties present a dependence with the synthesis conditions as well as the nickel ferrite than the composite sample. We observed also an intrinsic dependence with the magnetostriction properties of composite.
Produção de substâncias bioativas por microrganismos endofíticos isolados do Cerrado de São Carlos-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-22)
Favoretto, Naira Beatriz
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Sousa, Cristina Paiva de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9002619114161319
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5078585898153039
The Brazilian tropical savannah occupies a large area in Brazil and includes a high variety of plant species. This diversity is an important source of endophytic microorganisms consisting mainly of bacteria and fungi that inhabit the interior of plants. Endophytes can produce bioactive metabolites that exhibit activities of biotechnological interest, such as antibacterial and antifungal action. The aim of this study was to isolate from Butia capitata var capitata (Coquinho-do-cerrado), Solanum lycocarpum (Lobeira), Stryphnodendron polyphyllu (Barbatimão), Miconia albicans (Quaresmeira-white) and Aegiphila lhotzliana (Tamanqueira), collected on Brazilian tropical savannah at São Carlos, SP, endophytic microorganisms with suggestive features of the genus Streptomyces. The samples were characterized through macroscopic, physiological, biochemical and morph-dying characteristics. The antagonistic potential was tested against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Serratia marcensis ITB 1475, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Shigella sonnei ATCC 10231 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. 26 samples of endophytic microorganisms were isolated and selected two, one from Butia capitata var capitata and another one from Miconia albicans. Both presented microbiological characteristics of Streptomyces. The microorganism isolated from Butia inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (13 mm) and Enterococcus faecalis (11 mm), and the one isolated from Miconia did not show bioactivity against the pathogens tested.
Análise das estratégias de produção em fornecedores de marcas próprias: estudo multicaso em empresas do setor de alimentos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-22)
Yokoyama, Marcos Hideyuki
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Silva, Andrea Lago da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7581348521996846
The own-brand strategy has been adopted by wholesalers and retailers seeking competitive advantage through the commercialization of products sold under their brand names. The adoption of this strategy has created a new demand for the suppliers, which need to reevaluate their production structure to decide whether or not to manufacture such products. This research aims to identify and analyze the manufacturing strategy elements present in own brand supplier companies describing the motivations, positioning, and combinations of the content of the production strategy adopted. The first part comprises a literature review. In the empirical research, six case studies were carried out in companies which supply own brands in the food sector meeting the following criteria: suppliers that focus exclusively on own brands market; suppliers that sell national brand and own brand at the same time; and suppliers that sell both brands and have a representative national brand in the market it operates. Personal interviews were conducted with commercial or production managers based on semi-structured questionnaires prepared in accordance with the literature on the own brand strategy, competitive strategy, and manufacturing strategy. As a result of this research, it was possible to make some considerations about the characteristics of the suppliers pointing out the major differences between the literature and the data obtained in the empirical research with regard to the motivations for supplying and the characteristics related to production and commercialization. In addition, the companies were described according to their positioning strategies and were analyzed based on the generic production strategies adopted. Thus, based on such information, some relationships were established between the strategies adopted and the structural and infrastructure decisions, and the companies were evaluated based on the stage of their ownbrand evolution. Finally, new contributions were identified and suggestions for future research were put forward in an attempt to consolidate the knowledge of own brand suppliers in Brazil.
Potencial alelopático de Sapindus saponaria L. (Sapindaceae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-24)
Grisi, Patricia Umeda
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Perez, Sonia Cristina Juliano Gualtieri de Andrade
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973185407856723
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8776261076954624
Studies on allelopathy have been important in understanding the processes by which plants influence their neighborhood by releasing substances of secondary metabolism and its application in agriculture, forestry systems and ecosystem management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic potential of aqueous extract of root, fruit, young and senesced leaves of Sapindus saponaria L. (soapberry) on the germination of seeds and morphology of seedlings vegetables (Lactuca sativa L. and Allium cepa L.) and weed (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Link and Ipomoea grandifolia (Dammer) O Donell). Moreover, was evaluated by fractionation biodirigido, the allelopathic activity of different fractions of extracts from young leaves of Sapindus saponaria on the growth of wheat coleoptile (Titicum aestivum L.). The aqueous extract was prepared using 100 g of plant dried or fresh material + 1000 mL of distilled water, resulting in the concentrated extract (10%). The dilutions were made with distilled water to 7,5; 5,0 and 2,5%. The extracts showed allelopathic potential changing according to the receiver species. The inhibitory effect on the process of germination of the seeds and seedling morphology receptor was concentrationdependent. The leaf extract caused greater inhibitory effect on germination, while the extracts of the fruit and young leaves were the most inhibited seedling development. Chemical analysis of young leaves of Sapindus saponaria, showed that the fraction of ethyl acetate showed higher allelopathic activity on the wheat coleoptile and that it can be found on the compounds responsible for this inhibition.
Modelo de mistura padrão de longa duração com censura uniforme-exponencial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-25)
Chaves, Josenildo de Souza
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Rodrigues, Josemar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4359114733394761
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5748689441032603
In survival data analysis it is common the occurrence of a large number of individuals to the right. This fact can indicate that, in a fraction of the individuals the event of interest will never happen, in other words, a fraction of individuals of the population is cured or immune. This case is not usually taken into account by the usual survival theory that, in general, considers that the individuals at risk will not achieve cure during the follow-up period. Therefore, the survival models with cure fraction, or long-term survival models, have received a lot of attention in recent years. We consider the exponential distribution for the survival time of individuals at risk and the uniform-exponential distribution for the censoring time. In many situations, it is evident that the censoring mechanism is informative. Lagakos & Williams (1978) proposed a class of models where the acting of the censoring mechanism in the survival time is evaluated and Lagakos (1979) presented several situations in which the assumption of noninformative censoring is violated. The main purpose of this work is to verify the impact of informative uniform-exponential censoring in the survival data analysis under the standard mixture model.
Produção de ácido clavulânico por Streptomyces clavuligerus em cultivos em batelada e batelada alimentada com pulsos de glicerol sob diferentes condições de temperatura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-25)
Costa, Cecília Ladeira Lopes
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Badino Júnior, Alberto Colli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8903118201027369
The production of enzymes β-lactamases by pathogenic bacteria is the most common mechanism of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. The β-lactamases catalyze the hydrolysis of β-lactam ring, splitting the amide bond, as a result, the antibiotics become ineffective. Clavulanic acid (CA) is a secondary metabolite β-lactam produced during the fermentation of Streptomyces clavuligerus and has a potent inhibitory activity of β-lactamases. Like other β-lactam compounds, CA is chemically unstable under high temperature conditions. The decomposition of the AC during the bacterial fermentation reduces its concentration in the broth which results in low yields of the process. In this study the production of CA was evaluated in batch processes and batch with glycerol pulses at different temperature conditions in shaker operated at 250 rpm and pH 6.8. Initially, three batch cultures containing glycerol as carbon source were performed at temperatures of 30, 25 and 20ºC. Batch cultivation at 30°C was considered as a control run. Then, other three batch tests were performed with reduction of temperature of 30°C for 25 or 20°C after the exhaustion of glycerol in the broth culture. Added, also were performed four cultures with reduction of temperature associated with feeding of glycerol (1, 2, 3 and 4 pulses of glycerol), resulting in twelve cultures. In general, the production of CA increased with decreasing temperature and feeding of glycerol was beneficial for CA production. For all experiments under low temperatures, the maximum production (CCA-max) and productivity in CC (PCA-max in mg.L-1.h-1) were higher than the control run. In addition, a significant increase product (CA) yield coefficient in relation to the glycerol consumption (YCA/G, mg.g-1) reaching 59.3 mg.g-1 for the batch culture at 20°C, while for the control run was obtained 10.2 mg.g-1. The CCA-max obtained was 1115.6 mg L-1 in cultivation with temperature reduction from 30 to 25°C and three pulses of glycerol, which represented about 7 times the yield on the run control culture at 30°C. The CA degradation in fermentation broth at temperatures of 30, 25 and 20ºC was also evaluated in this study. Values of constant degradation of CA (kdCA) were obtained in different cultivation times. The highest kdCA value in the broth was obtained at 30°C, 0.01306 h-1, and values for 25 and 20ºC were statistically similar, 0.00303 and 0.00173 h-1. The higher rate of production of CA (rCA) of 10.9 mg.L-1.h-1 was observed at 25°C. The results obtained demonstrate the potential application of temperature manipulation during S. clavuligerus fermentation for the optimization of CA production process.