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Middleware de serviços multi-camadas para redes de sensores sem fio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-29)
Ribeiro, José Eduardo
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Araujo, Regina Borges de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8964123297688432
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0645626993269346
Technological evolutions in the microelectronic systems and in the wireless communication allowed the development of devices called sensor nodes, which are smalles have low cost and low energy consumption. The sensor nodes integrate sensing modules, data processing and of wireless communication. The use of sensor nodes in a distributed way makes possible the communication among them providing the formation of the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). WSN are being used more and more as powerful monitoring tools of applications of environmental monitoring the monitoring of emergency situations in environments subject to risk situations to the life and the patrimony such as fire, leaks of poisonous gasses and explosions. Emergency management systems that integrate networks of wireless sensors have been used as support to the making of decision for response teams to the emergencies where the response time in these conditions becomes preponderant factor, aiming at the success of rescue practical operations. In order to the system of emergency management to be efficient a support layer to provide integration and reusability of the services is necessary supplied by the system besides a solution to abstract all the communication complexity and data processing inside WSN. In this work a middleware for WSN was designed and partially implemented to aid the work of the developers applications. The main characteristics of this middleware are to supply an expressive and flexible mechanism for subscriptions of interest of the application in the WSN and reusable interfaces that use technologies standard of the Web to provide interoperability between the services and applications. An initial evaluation accomplished with a prototype of some functions of the middleware. An estimate of occupation of memory in the sensor nodes was made with base in studies reported in the literature, and display that middleware projected is viable for the platform of the hardware of motes Mica 2. The mote Mica 2 is the third generation of commercial sensor nodes of the mica family motes, used to enable low energy in WSN.
Resposta do condrócito, proteoglicana, colágeno e fibronectina da cartilagem articular, após aplicação de um protocolo de imobilização, alongamento e remobilização articular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-29)
Renner, Adriana Frias
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Rosa, Stela Márcia Mattiello Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406279816228350
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7079740194427120
The function of articular cartilage depends on the chondrocytes and on the components of the extracellular matrix, which in turn may be regulated by mechanical stimuli. Thus, changes in load support may affect its composition or its structure and interfere with their functional ability to sustain and distribute loads and minimize the stresses of contact. Thus, investigations of articular cartilage components, such as chondrocyte and or matrix components are essential for prevention and treatment of arthritic disease. A greater understanding of the relationship of use / disuse and degeneration as well as the consequences of situations such as shear stress, static load or unloading can generate in this tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of chondrocytes, proteoglycan, collagen and fibronectin in articular cartilage after application of a protocol of immobilization, stretching and joint remobilization. Material and Methods: We used 36 animals divided into six groups (n = 6): immobilized (I), immobilized and stretched seven days per week (IS7), immobilized and stretched three days per week (IS3), stretched seven days per week (S7), stretched three days per week (S3) and control (C). Groups I, IS3 and AS7 underwent four weeks of immobilization of the left hind limbs. Groups IS7 and IS3, after immobilization, were subjected to three weeks of the posterior muscle stretching of the left hind leg daily or three times per week, respectively. The S3 and S7 groups remained free in the cage for 4 weeks and subsequently underwent three weeks of posterior muscle stretching of the left hind limb daily or three times per week, respectively. After these procedures, the left ankle were collected, decalcified, processed in paraffin and stained with H&E, Safranin-O, Picrossiruius Red and immunostained with fibronectin and chondroitin sulfate 4 for further analysis. Two observers evaluated parameters such as chondrocyte cloning, loss of proteoglycan content, thin and thick fibrils collagen content, intensity of staining for fibronectin and chondroitin sulfate 4. For statistical analysis we used the following tests: Kruskal Wallis and post hoc Newman Keuls: cloning and the proteoglycan content of the different groups); Duncan multiple comparison: morphometric evaluation of cellularity; ANOVA and post hoc Tukey: proportion of thin and thick fibrils of collagen. For analysis of the immunohistochemistry reactions of fibronectin and chondroitin sulfate 4 it was used nonparametric test Kruscal Wallis and post hoc Newman Keuls. In all tests the significance level was p ≤ 0.05. Results: With respect to the cellularity IS7 group showed significant increase in cellularity compared to groups I and C. The IS3 group also showed significant celullar change with the formation of chondrocyte cloning compared to groups S7, S3 and C. The most significant loss of proteoglycan was in IS7 group compared to all other groups. The I group also lost significantly more proteoglycan than the others, except for IS7 group. With respect to collagen fibrils was observed that immobilization (I) significantly reduced the thin fibrils in relation to groups IS3, S7, S3 and C. The quantity of thick fibrils was influenced by mechanical overload, as there was a significant decrease of it in all groups compared to control. With respect to the findings of the fibronectin, the groups immobilized and stretched (IS3 and IS7) had significantly higher intensity staining of fibronectin than other groups. There was no statistical difference of chondroitin sulfate 4 immunostaining among the different groups. Conclusion: The protocols of muscle stretching after immobilization, applied on alternate days and daily provoked distinct adaptive responses in articular cartilage. The immobilization stimulated tissue atrophy that when stimulated by muscle stretching on alternate days, kept some matrix components, such as fine fibrils of collagen and proteoglycan, unlike the protocol used daily. Thus we can conclude that muscle stretching applied in previously immobilized joints should be applied with caution, on alternate days of mechanical stimulation.
Desenvolvimento da agricultura orgânica no município de Mata de São João - Bahia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-29)
Viana, Leonardo Gomes
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Stolf, Rubismar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0303842146742277
The practice of conventional agriculture over time has left its mark in the natural environment; the saturation of the productive capacity of the land is one of its side effects. The emergence of a new perspective with respect to the model of agricultural production brought with it the opportunity to comparatively assess the strengths and weaknesses of each model and its adaptation to different contexts found. The information of the exact time of occurrence of the emergence of organic agriculture in Brazil, it is passive point and everyone agrees with the version of the emergence of Demeter Resort in Botucatu - SP, in the 70's and from there, the occurrence of emergence of other points throughout the country. In order to understand the time of onset and development of the organic agriculture in the municipality of Mata de São João Bahia, This research was developed and made using a quantitative and qualitative methodology, acquiring an exploratory descriptive feature, essential for the start of the construction on this knowledge in the state. According to the type of the research elected, was chosen the semi-structured instrument for collecting data. This instrument consists of objective questions related to the characterization of the research subjects and subjective questions drawn from the general and specific objectives with a view to answer the research question. Were considered research subjects organic producers that have properties located in the municipality of Mata de Sao Joao - Bahia, which were active and willing to participate. Results that emerged from the research brought the perception of the exact moment of the emergence of organic agriculture in the county, forms of producer s organization, the forms of trade, barriers to production and marketing and its future prospects.
Fotorreatividade e biodisponibilidade da matéria orgânica dissolvida produzida por Microcystis aeruginosa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-30)
Bittar, Thais Beraldo
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Vieira, Armando Augusto Henriques
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4428377384377272
Photochemically and biologically mediated reactions are key processes on the transformation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in natural waters. The aims of this study were to evaluate these isolated and coupled processes over the DOM produced by the Cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa, which contributes with great amounts of biomass in the Barra Bonita Reservoir. Our results showed that photodegradation occurred, but also showed that there were cyanobacterial photoresistant molecules and photoproducts that were identified in the Reservoir s DOM. Pre exposure of the DOM released by M. aeruginosa caused decrease in bioavailability of this type of DOM due to competition, i.e., removal of the biolabile portion of the DOM by irradiation. The bioavailability of intracellular DOM was not significantly altered by pre exposure to UV radiation. Detailed chemical characterization showed that competition between photo and biodegradation and photoproduction of biolabile compounds, equilibrated negative and positive effects of irradiation on the bioavailability of the intracellular DOM.
Associação entre a presença de citocinas, medidas morfológicas articulares e controle sensório-motor de indivíduos portadores de osteoartrite grau I e II
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-30)
Say, Karina Gramani
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Rosa, Stela Márcia Mattiello Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406279816228350
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5096508613057074
Dimensões da relação família-escola: programa de intervenção para professores como agentes de promoção do envolvimento parental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-30)
Pamplin, Renata Christian de Oliveira
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Martinez, Claudia Maria Simões
Literature highlights family and school as important agents to the infant development, having special influence on child‟s learning. In this perspective, partnership between scholar and familiar systems has been seen as one of the alternatives to prevent and/or to attenuate difficulties in learning and behavioral problems presented by children at the school. Based on these assumptions and on the theoretical framework of the Bioecological Perspective on Human Development, the present study shows the need to train teachers to work with children with learning difficulties. The goal of this study was to elaborate, implement and assess an intervention program for high school teachers working with students with learning difficulties. This program enables the teachers to work with families and to increase the parental involvement in the academic activities, creating better conditions for the children to learn. In order to control the variables investigated, it was used a quasiexperimental design composed by two groups (Experimental Group GE and Control Group GC). We provided measurement of pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Overall, the study involved 180 participants. The 60 teachers, 60 parents and 60 children were divided in GE and GC groups. The program entitled Intervention Program for Teachers as Agents of Promoting Parental Involvement (PROAPEP) was consisted of 1 lecture per week during 10 weeks. The goal of PROAPEP was to provide information to teachers about the strategies to involve parental in the learning process of their children, mainly through their homework. Teachers developed practical and theoretical activities focused on the involvement of the families with their students. The instruments used to collect data from teachers, children and families were: Questionnaire (pre-test, post-test and follow-up situations, Criterion of Brazil Economic Classification, Protocol of Session Evaluation of the Intervention Program, Protocol of Final Evaluation of the Intervention Program, Parental Involvement Scale Teacher´s Perception, Parental Involvement Scale Teacher´s Practice, Home Environment Resources Scale, Rutter A2 Parent Scale, Parental Involvement Scale Practices of Families and Test of School Performance. The results were analyzed through qualitative criteria, descriptive statistics and ANOVA and MANOVA tests. The scope was to verify differences between the participants of GE and GC. We also used the pair-t test to investigate differences in the teachers‟ repertoire of the GE group between the post-test and follow-up phases. The results indicated: a) the teachers of GE group gave more importance to the parental involvement and implemented more activities than the teachers of GC group; b) the families of GE group practiced more activities related to the learning process of the children than those in GC group; c) the children of GE group had better academic performance and fewer behavioral problems compared to children of GC group; d) there was a major difference between pre-test grades and post-test grades for both groups, which indicated the improvement of the GE teachers‟ repertoire at the end of PROAPEP; and e) there was a significant differences between two of the three questions that were answered by GE teachers in the post-test and follow-up, which pointed to an increase in the repertoire of teachers even after six months elapsed from the end of PROAPEP. This way, it is possible to conclude that PROAPEP program was effective to train teachers as agents of the parental involvement in the learning process of children with difficulties. For future research, we suggest the development of studies with the randomization of participants, the monitoring the effects of long-term program and the selection of stratified samples for possible comparisons.
Otimização do cultivo de Bacillus megaterium recombinante em bateladas alimentadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-31)
Suarez, Carlos Alberto Galeano
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Giordano, Roberto de Campos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5911055089145779
Penicillin Acylases are enzymes of great industrial importance, being used mainly for production of 6-aminopenicillanic acid, 6-APA from penicillin G. In the late 90's, its use for synthesis of β-lactam semisynthetic antibiotics began on an industrial scale, an alternative in the context of "green chemistry" to the chemical synthesis of high environmental impact. The aiming thesis was to evaluate the influence of the growth media on the strains of Bacillus megaterium that will be used in the cloning of the gene pac in own B. megaterium, aiming at a larger number of copies of the gene, thus increasing the levels of expression of the enzyme penicillin G Acylase (PGA). It was determined the main metabolites produced by strains ATCC 14945 QB 1551 and PV 361 (the latter given by Professor Patricia Vary, corresponding to the wild QB 1551 with all megaplasmids deleted, which will be cloned with enzyme PGA). Evaluated medium has some influence on the metabolism of the organism, in order to optimize the production of the enzyme in cultures of high cell concentrations. The analysis of experimental data showed the strain PV 361 reached the highest cell concentration 16,6 g / L (dry weight), in fed-batch cultivation with the SNB medium with cheese whey (10,0 g / L), compared with 12,5 g / L without the presence of whey and 9,6 g / L in the LB-B medium. In cultures in SNB medium with whey the concentration of lactic acid reached 22,1 g/L, compared with 13,2 g/L in the absence of whey. However for the LB-B medium, the main product was acetic acid with a concentration of 6,7 g /L. Kinetic parameters were calculated as μmax, Yx/s, during the fed-batch cultivations in a bioreactor in stirred tank and aerated in a bench scale (5 L and 2L). The kinetic model for growth and production of metabolites was defined from the test phase in bioreactor batch. The operation of fed-batch culture and pH control were not effective for improving the production of biomass, because it had a high lactic acid production (up to 8 g / L in phase with the batch means SNB) and acetic acid (above 6 g / L at the end of the batch with LB medium-B), concentrations that led to the inhibition of growth of the microorganism and induced its sporulation, biological phenomenon that once started is difficult to reverse and that hinders the production in high cell density (HCDC).
Produção de cefamicina C por Streptomyces clavuligerus em batelada e batelada alimentada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-31)
Bellão, Carolina
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Badino Júnior, Alberto Colli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9638894751959867
Cephamycin C (CephC) is a natural antibiotic produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus that presents β-lactamases resistance, enzymes that clives β-lactam of antibiotics. The aim of present work was study cephamycin production by Streptomyces clavuligerus in batch and fed-batch cultivations, in order to define important parameters as culture medium and carbon source feeding conditions for the purpose of maximize the CefC production. First the methodology of analysis of CefC was tested. Due to standard unavailability for analysis of CefC in the fermentative broths, it was evaluated the sensibility of microorganism test (Escherichia coli ESS) face other standards. It was verified that E. coli ESS strain presents super sensibility to penicillin G and cephalosporin C. Due to the presence of clavulanic acid (CA) in the both, a β-lactamase inhibitor, it was evaluated the influence of the sample treatment (acid and basic hydrolisis) on penicillin N hydrolysis by penicillinase. For an adequate CephC analysis, the results showed that both clavulanic acid and cephamycin C were degraded in acid and alkaline medium, with higher degradation was in alkaline pH. The results show that the samples should be treated only with penicillinase for the correct CephC analysis by elimination of intermediates compounds the CephC biosynthetic pathway. For the evaluation of the CephC production, firstly different culture media proposed in the literature were tested with S. clavuligerus ATCC 27064 strain in bench scale bioreactor. The best result in terms of cellular growth and CephC production (374.8 mg.L-1 em 66 h) was obtained in batch cultivation that utilized starch and cottonseed meal as carbon and nitrogen sources. The influence of carbon and nitrogen sources on CephC production was then evaluated utilizing two Streptomyces clavuligerus strains, ATCC 27064 and DSM 41826, a natural mutant indicated as higher CephC producing by literature. Glycerol and soy bean meal have showed more suitable as carbon and nitrogen sources for CephC production due probably to slow and gradual availability of nitrogen from protein hydrolysis of soy bean meal (insoluble nitrogen source). In the fed-batch cultivation utilizing glycerol or starch as carbon source, the best result in terms of CephC production (566.5 mg.L-1 in 108 h) was obtained in the fed-batch cultivation with glycerol feeding at volumetric flow rate of 0,01 L.h-1 and concentration of 177 g.L-1. In the experimental conditions tested in the fed-batch cultivations, ranging carbon source and feeding conditions, it was not possible visualize the dissociation between clavulanic acid and cephamycin productions. The higher CephC in medium with glycerol is probably associated to its favorable energetic balance and metabolization rate in relation to starch.
Processamento e caracterização de ligas amorfizáveis TiCuNiZr e TiFeCoZr
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-31)
Medeiros, Bruno Bellini
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Bolfarini, Claudemiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6045536501621727
Searching the development of bulk metallic glasses the research takes two directions, the development of alloys with a high glass forming ability and development of new processes or improving existing processes. In this context, the present study aimed at to evaluate the solidification processes suction and centrifugal casting, both using copper moulds. The alloys Ti34Cu36Ni8Zr22 and (TiZr)80Co12Fe8 were investigated. Fully amorphous melt spun ribbons were produced presenting good thermal parameters. However, the production of bulky samples by the foregoing processes showed that the alloys have low glass forming ability. The centrifugal casting process, despite the high cooling rate have failed to keep the chemical composition, presented turbulent filling and was unable to prevent heterogeneities that are carried from the crucible into the sample. The suction process showed high cooling rate with a good combination of appropriate mould filling, maintenance of chemical composition and to avoid the presence of heterogeneities in a satisfactory manner. Both processes kept the oxygen level at satisfactory values, below 1000 ppm. Comparing with the arc melting process using copper crucible, the suction casting process decreased slightly, in average, the oxygen levels. On the other hand, the centrifugal casting process increased slightly the contamination by oxygen.
O Sistema de Ensino Belas-Artes no Curso de Arquitetura da Ècole des Beaux-Arts de Paris em sua tradição e ruptura: legado de saber e de poder
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-31)
Malacrida, Sérgio Augusto
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Silva Junior, João dos Reis
The Fine-Arts Teaching System, founded by the École des Beaux-Arts of Paris in its Architecture Course, which lasted from 1671 to 1968, is considered to be a supreme asset of cultural and symbolic importance in which the traditional school, related to the French capitalist state, was expressed. Furthermore, it is also understood to be cultural capital which merits preservation. The history of the École, the world's most famous institution for the teaching of art and which has influenced the installation of ramifications of its model in various countries, reveals a series of crises which culminated with the final catastrophe in 1968, when the Architecture Course was closed and the competition for the Great Prize of Rome was discontinued. Throughout its history the École always maintained its base in relationships with powerful groups related to the nobility and influenced by prestige, status, pleasure and knowlege. These facts serve to explain the political and cultural processes which have preserved the important relevance of the Fine-Arts Teaching System. Power is an intrinsic factor of art and of the understanding of its essence, originality and knowledgepower, and this is evident and explicit in the formation of the systematised enlightenment of Graeco-Roman classicism conceived in the neoclassic style and practised rightly by the famous French school. The "rigid"classic rules, on being systematised, became powerknowledge to benefit primarily the aristocracy, the monarchical State and afterwards the interests of an authoritarian State regime. The closure of the Architecture Course and the extinction of the Great Prize of Rome Competition , while confirming the phenomenon of genealogical power, exposes the problem of non-flexibilisation of Education in the political and cultural areas in order to defend, above all, the knowledge-power of art in the classic model of Fine-Arts. The industrialisation and growth of the cities and the emergence of new social and political structures, together with their "utopias", are facts which have changed the positive power of classic works to that of technology and of engineering, thus giving origin to modern archtecture. These developments were not considered in relation to the principles of Graeco-Roman culture, which were founded in humanism as represented in the poetry of expression of sensitivity and of emotion. In this respect research indicates defence of the educational principles of a school interested in art and archtecture and focused on the potential it has for the communication of knowledge. In such connection, it should be remembered that schools in general, obsessed as they are by the spirit of commercial objectivity, tend to favour the power-knowledge attitude. Nevertheless, the knowledge-power of the Fine-Arts Teaching System can be saved and should be appreciated as the basic teaching value of a school disinterested in power without knowledge, which is to say power that is not intrinsically art.
Distribuição espacial de insetos predadores em riachos da região norte da Serra do Mar, Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-31)
Vilardi, Gabriel Cestari
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Strixino, Susana Trivinho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1804083229761186
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9911642960012466
This study aimed at determining whether environmental factors as vegetation, environmental integrity, water flow, water velocity and physical and chemical characteristics of the water (pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature and conductivity) can predict the richness, abundance and faunal composition of predator insects which live in bedrock of Atlantic Rainforest streams. The collecting of fauna has been carried out in streams located in the Núcleos Santa Virgínia and Cunha-Indaiá, both located in the Parque Estadual Serra do Mar, São Paulo state, in October 2006 and October and November 2007. In each stream was selected a stretch of about 50 meters. The fauna associated with 25 cobble type rocks was collected with the aid of a hand net with a mesh of 0.25 millimeters. Were collected 779 individuals in 17 taxa. The most abundant taxa were Anacroneuria, Limnocoris, Neotrephes and Argia. The Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) showed a cluster of sampling points according to the scale of the vegetation cover. The graphic representation of similarity matrix Morisita- Horn by UPGMA revealed the formation of clusters consisting of the fauna collected at sites with different water flows, but with similar vegetation cover. The Mantel Test showed a significant relationship of the predatory insects fauna in the vegetation cover (r = -0.189, p = 0.017 for 5000 permutations) and water velocity (p = 0.05 and r = -0.3 for 5000 permutations). The partial coefficients estimated from multiple linear regression showed that the flow has significant influence on the analyzed entomofauna.
Catalisadores bimetálicos Pt-Fe/CeO2 para a reação de oxidação preferencial do CO
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-31)
Mattos, Luciana Vieira
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Assaf, José Mansur
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563312407691130
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8138348622472033
The objective of this work is to study the preferential oxidation (PROX) of carbon monoxide in H2-rich feed streams over Pt-Fe/CeO2 catalysts in a feed gas composed of 3% CO, 1.5% O2, 80% H2, and N2 (for balance). The temperature effect (in the 100-300ºC range) and the Pt and Fe load ones were also analyzed. In order to further understand those catalysts performance, a study comparing them to the monometallic Pt/CeO2 and Fe/CeO2 catalysts, both prepared identically with the same Pt and Fe loading, was conducted. The catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation and the support by the hydrothermal method. The solids were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), B.E.T Surface Area and Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR). The catalytic reaction experiments were conducted under atmospheric pressure. The results pointed that the activity and selectivity curves of the Pt/CeO2 catalysts showed a decrease on the 100 -200ºC temperature range. Conversely, both curves of conversion and selectivity became increasingly above 200ºC, suggesting the occurrence of the water-gas shift reaction (WGSR). The 0.6% Pt/CeO2 catalyst was not only the most active at 200ºC but also the most selective in the whole temperature range for the PROX reaction. Furthermore, an increase in CO conversion was shown by all promoted catalysts, in which the 3% Pt catalyst presented the strongest promoter effect, with a significant increase on both CO conversion and selectivity.
Estudo da compressibilidade de tortas de filtração de gases em filtros de tecido
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-31)
Fargnoli, Amélia Giovana
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Aguiar, Mônica Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4923501286554930
A study on the compressibility of gas filtration cakes through their porosity investigation is presented in this work. The experimental unit consisted of a circular filter with a filtration area of 249 cm2 and a data acquisition system; mass flow rate and relative air humidity were controlled. The filter media used were a polyester felt (weighing 600 g/cm2) and an acrylic felt (weighing 550 g/cm2). A phosphate concentrate phosphate (ρp = 3.20 g/cm3 and dSt = 5.6 μm) and a magnesium silicate (talc) (ρp = 3.09 g/cm3 and dSt = 2.5 μm) were used as powder materials. Superficial filtration velocity was kept constant at 10 cm/s during phosphate concentrate filtration trials and five maximum pressure drops were set (100, 300, 600, 900 and 1200 mmH2O) at constant mass flow rate. Superficial filtration velocity was kept constant at 10 cm/s during talc filtration trials and four maximum pressure drops were set (300, 600, 900 and 1200 mmH2O) at constant mass flow rate. Trials at different filtration velocities (7.5 cm/s, 10 cm/s, 12.5 cm/s and 15.0 cm/s) were also performed. Initially, porosity data as a function of pressure drop per time were obtained. Each cake underwent a process to acquire the necessary resistance to be cut and embedded and then analyzed by a Scanning Electron Microscope. The obtained images were treated and analyzed in an image analyzing software which provided cakes porosity values. Afterwards, the influence of gas superficial velocity on average porosity was evaluated for cakes formed by talc powder. The porosity values obtained with the SEM images were compared to those obtained with equations found in the literature. A difference of 20 to 48% between experimental average porosity and estimated porosity was found for the phosphate concentrate cakes and of less than 13% for the talc cakes obtained at constant velocity. The average porosity values found for talc cakes were higher than those found for phosphate concentrate cakes, which was probably due to the fact that talc particles shape is extremely different from the spherical shape. A compressibility behavior for cakes of the two materials was possible to be observed. Talc cake porosity decreased with the increase of superficial filtration velocity.
Otimização dinâmica do cultivo semi-contínuo de Pichia pastoris recombinante para produção das enzimas heterólogas alfa amilase e penicilina G acilase
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-31)
Montaño, Inti Doraci Cavalcanti
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Giordano, Roberto de Campos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8547423775951223
This master's thesis project aims at studying the dynamic optimization of the operation of a bench scale (up to 5L) automated, agitated and aerated bioreactor, where the semi-continuous cultivation of recombinant Pichia pastoris is run. This yeast was cloned using the PGK1 promoter, which precludes the use of methanol as inducer, expressing constitutively the enzyme penicillin G Acylase (PGA) from Bacillus megaterium. While the group of molecular biology of DEQUFSCar is working on cloning the PGA, d P. pastoris expressing the enzyme - amylase from Bacillus subtilis was cultivated. This clone, provided by prof. Fernando Torres, UnB, uses the same construction and, therefore, its kinetics of growth and production should be very similar to the PGA s. Cultivation of recombinant Pichia pastoris was performed in flasks (skaker) using standard culture medium, aiming at obtaining kinetic data, which are the starting point for the escalation to a benchtop bioreactor. Following that, tests were performed in a 5L bioreactor in batch and fed batch operation modes. With the bioreactor data , kinetic parameters of growth, to be further used in the simulations, were estimated, using a hybrid algorithm (which combines the global method Simulated Annealing, with the local one Levenberg- Marquardt). This algorithm, is implemented in Matlab and available in the software library of Ladabio (Laboratory of Development and Automation of Bioprocesses ). From these data, models of microbial growth and of production were developed, following a classic approach (unstructured, non-segregated). Computer simulations using different feeding strategies and employing these models allowed mapping the dynamics of the system. From this information, optimal control strategies were proposed to define optimal feeding profiles. Cellular concentrations of 5.4 g/L (dry weight) were reached in shaker (20h of cultivation, when glucose is exhausted), expressing 218 U/mL of -amylase, compared to 11.4 g/L (dry weight) that were achieved in cultures in a bioreactor in batch simple (10h of cultivation, when glucose is exhausted), expressing 156 U/mL of -amylase In fed-batch cultures, cell concentrations of up to 45 g/L were achieved, expressing up to 260 U/mL of - amylase, with a productivity of 5.2 U/mL/ h. In fed-batch cultures of P. pastoris expressing PGA, cell concentrations of up to 35 g/L were achieved. Enzyme activity was not detected in the culture broth due to the effect of glycosylation. Immunodetection reaction confirmed the expression of the recombinant enzyme. Four specific growth rate equations were adjusted, with different types of inhibition by one product, detected at significant levels by liquid chromatography highperformance, but not yet identified. This metabolite was added as an inhibitor in kinetic models, using the peak areas, normalized as a pseudoconcentration. The best fit to the experimental data were the Monod kinetic model with non-competitive inhibition. Typical values obtained for the maximum specific growth and glucose/ cell conversion factor in bioreactor were max=0,24 h-1 and YX/S = 0,48. Algorithm for optimal control in open loop was developed and successfully implemented, providing a robust profiles of great power, whose validation is proposed as a continuation of this work.
Manipulação de spin em diodos de tunelamento ressonante não-magnéticos tipo-n
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-04-01)
Santos, Lara Fernandes dos
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Gobato, Yara Galvão
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7558531056409406
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1971364294897798
The aim of this work was to study the spin effects in non-magnetic asymmetric n-type resonant tunneling diodes (RTD). For this purpose, we have used transport and polarization resolved magneto-photoluminescence measurement techniques. The optical polarization degree from quantum well (QW) and contact layers regions was studied as a function of voltage bias and magnetic field . In general, we have observed that the optical polarization and the excitonic spin-splitting from the QW emission is sensitive to the voltage bias. The contact layers emission as a funcition of voltage bias was also investigated under fixed magnetic field and it has shown large degrees of negative circular polarization. This behavior was associated to the occupation of the spin-split valence band in the GaAs bulk. We have also observed that the bi-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) emission is magnetic field favored by the magnetic field, as it has been reported in the literature. However, this study revealed that this emission also can be voltage bias induced. In addition, we unexpectly observed that the 2DEG-H and the 3D bulk emissions can exhibit up to -100% and +90 % of optical polarization degree respectively, depending on the voltage conditions. Emissions from the QW and contact layers were also investigated as a function of the magnetic field. We have observed that the polarization from QW and the 2DEG-H have an oscillatory behavior at some integer filling factor. Our results show that the circular polarization of the carriers in the QW should depend on various mechanisms, including the Landè g-factors of the different layers and the spin-polarization of the carriers in the contact layers and the density of carriers along the structure.
Comportamento térmico e mecânico de resinas termocuráveis para aplicação como revestimento adesivo em fios esmaltados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-04-01)
Prataviera, Rogério
;
Pessan, Luiz Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8276650236213537
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5895158357997353
Selfbonding magnet wires are composed by two or more polymeric cover layers, being the inner layers thermosetting and the over coat composed of a thermoplastic cross-linkable layer. These wires are used in several magnetic wire coil applications, such as TV deflecting coils, coils for small motors, electrical coils for automotive, coil speakers, etc. In general, the bondable layer is activated by heating, joining the turns irreversible, even when heated to high temperatures or exposed to solvents. During this procedure the material change from a thermoplastic one to a thermosetting material, being of great importance the study of properties such as glass transition temperature and viscosity behaviour. It was used a cross-linkable polyester resin and a single component epoxy resin in this work. These materials were characterized by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It was possible to evaluate the effects of residual solvent and the crosslinking of the materials by the thermomecanical response of TMA, from which it was determined the glass transition temperature (Tg). This transition was affected by the residual solvent and the curves after Tg shows a second transition which was attributes to softening temperature associated with the crosslink degree of the materials. It was possible to quantify the loss of residual solvent of the polymer in each cycle of TMA by TGA. DSC make it possible to study the kinetics of cure of epoxy resin which shows a polymerization kinetic of order n = 1,2 and an average activation energy of 120 KJ/mol.
Avaliação das atividades citotóxicas de alguns complexos fosfínicos de rutênio (Células tumorais MDA-MB 231)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-04-05)
Lima, Benedicto Augusto Vieira
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Batista, Alzir Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469642481998660
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1862964381184171
In this thesis complexes of general formula: [Ru(NS)(bipy)(PP)]PF6 (NS = 2-mercaptopyridine, 2-mercaptopyrimidine, 4,6-dimethyl-2- mercaptopyrimidine and PP = dppf, dppp, dppe); [Ru(pic)(bipy)(PP)]PF6 (pic = picolinate; PP = dppf, dppp, dppe and dppm), [RuCl(bCN)(bipy)(PP)]PF6 (bCN = benzonitrile; PP = dppf and dppe), and [RuCl(bCN)(NN)(dppb)]PF6 (NN = bipy, Mebipy and phen), were synthesised from the precursor complexes cis- [RuCl2(NN)(PP)] and characterized by the usual techniques: 1H and 31P{1H} NMR, IR, UV-Vis, molar conductimetry, elemental analysis, cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (except for the compounds [Ru(pic)(bipy)(dppp)]PF6, [Ru(pic)(bipy)(dppm)]PF6 and [RuCl(bCN)(Mebipy)(dppb)]PF6, which suitable single crystal were not obtained). The 31P{1H} NMR spectras of the new compounds showed that the phosphorus atoms were more deshielded than in the correspondent precursor. The E1/2 values of the complexes containing the ligands NS, pic and bCN were higher than those observed in the precursor complexes. The complexes containing the ligand dppf presented two redox process, which were assigned to the redox pairs FeII/FeIII and RuII/RuIII respectively, according to the results of the kinetics experiments monitored by differential pulse voltammetry and 31P{1H} NMR techniques. The molar conductimetry and elemental analysis assays corroborated the proposed formula and the single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of these complexes confirmed their structures. The νCN in the complexes [RuCl(bCN)(NN)(PP)]PF6 were higher (~+8 cm-1) than that observed in the free ligand (2229 cm-1). Also, it was avaluated in vitro antitumor activity of some of the compounds synthesised herein against mammary cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231), murine sarcoma, as well as against M. tuberculosis (H37Rv); some of them presented high activity.
A politização do direito na magistratura: ativismo jurídico via associativismo de juízes, uma análise da AJD e da militância pelos direitos humanos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-04-06)
Targa, Leandro Garcez
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Martins Filho, João Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6820035631009823
Caracterização biológica da ictiofauna carnívora da Represa do Beija-Flor, Estação Ecológica de Jataí, Luiz Antônio, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-04-06)
Fernandes, Daniela
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Verani, Nelsy Fenerich
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1862746100743391
This study was done in Beija-flor Dam a reservoir built in 1965 by damming the Beijaflor stream , a tributary of the Mogi-Guaçu river. It is deemed to be flooded lake to maintain constant communication with the river and stream Sunbird and there is no mechanism to control the entry and exit of water into the system. It is believed that the dam acts as a rest area and can feed and reproduce for migratory species that go up the Mogi-Guaçu river, as well as ponds. Therefore the study of feeding and reproduction of carnivorous fish that area, which as top predators can alter the ecology and evolution of prey populations, play an important, to the knowledge of the biology of the species in particular, and to understand the interactions of a fish assemblage and can therefore be used as a tool in the development of management strategies. To this end the present study consists of two chapters, the first addressing the population structure, reproductive aspects and feeding of the species Serrasalmus maculatus and the second, with an analysis of food, overlap and similarity between the diets of carnivorous species of Beija-flor Dam.
Espaços educadores no contexto do CESCAR (Coletivo Educador de São Carlos, Araraquara, Jaboticabal e Região/SP): do conceito à formação em educação ambiental
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-04-06)
Kunieda, Edna
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Oliveira, Haydée Torres de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5458113597909705
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3042743081317977
The Coletivo Educador de São Carlos, Araraquara, Jaboticabal e Região (CESCAR), a environmental educators´s group, is guided by the precepts of Programa Nacional de Formação em EA (ProFEA) a Brazilian environmental education program that adopts the methodology of participatory-action-research proposed by the team of Board of Environmental Education of the Ministry of Environment (MMA). The proposal adopts environmental education (EE) emancipatory, transformative and criticism, fostering networking who values the local and regional initiatives. In order to understand the process of construction of CESCAR, we chose to analyse the phenomenon "educators spaces" by the experience of people who experienced this practice. We use the Hermeneutical methodology in association with Phenomenology, as strands of qualitative research. "Educators spaces" is a recent concept that in the Programa Municípios Educadores Sustentáveis a educational program that involve sustainable cities, offered by the same team of MMA, is defined as one that stimulates collective in improving their training and in the search for viable alternatives to sustainability. We take the research on "educator spaces" as a challenge because it is a concept still under development that requires discussion and build on this theoretical issue. We have established through similarities and oppositions, a framework about some of the spaces experienced by the group of environmental educators, through the analysis of twenty-four monographs. This angle allowed a glimpse of the mosaic of images assigned to the various "worlds lived" as well as to investigate the concept in a symbolic and existential perspective.