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Resposta do condrócito, proteoglicana, colágeno e fibronectina da cartilagem articular, após aplicação de um protocolo de imobilização, alongamento e remobilização articular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-29) Renner, Adriana Frias; Rosa, Stela Márcia Mattiello Gonçalves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1406279816228350; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7079740194427120
The function of articular cartilage depends on the chondrocytes and on the components of the extracellular matrix, which in turn may be regulated by mechanical stimuli. Thus, changes in load support may affect its composition or its structure and interfere with their functional ability to sustain and distribute loads and minimize the stresses of contact. Thus, investigations of articular cartilage components, such as chondrocyte and or matrix components are essential for prevention and treatment of arthritic disease. A greater understanding of the relationship of use / disuse and degeneration as well as the consequences of situations such as shear stress, static load or unloading can generate in this tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of chondrocytes, proteoglycan, collagen and fibronectin in articular cartilage after application of a protocol of immobilization, stretching and joint remobilization. Material and Methods: We used 36 animals divided into six groups (n = 6): immobilized (I), immobilized and stretched seven days per week (IS7), immobilized and stretched three days per week (IS3), stretched seven days per week (S7), stretched three days per week (S3) and control (C). Groups I, IS3 and AS7 underwent four weeks of immobilization of the left hind limbs. Groups IS7 and IS3, after immobilization, were subjected to three weeks of the posterior muscle stretching of the left hind leg daily or three times per week, respectively. The S3 and S7 groups remained free in the cage for 4 weeks and subsequently underwent three weeks of posterior muscle stretching of the left hind limb daily or three times per week, respectively. After these procedures, the left ankle were collected, decalcified, processed in paraffin and stained with H&E, Safranin-O, Picrossiruius Red and immunostained with fibronectin and chondroitin sulfate 4 for further analysis. Two observers evaluated parameters such as chondrocyte cloning, loss of proteoglycan content, thin and thick fibrils collagen content, intensity of staining for fibronectin and chondroitin sulfate 4. For statistical analysis we used the following tests: Kruskal Wallis and post hoc Newman Keuls: cloning and the proteoglycan content of the different groups); Duncan multiple comparison: morphometric evaluation of cellularity; ANOVA and post hoc Tukey: proportion of thin and thick fibrils of collagen. For analysis of the immunohistochemistry reactions of fibronectin and chondroitin sulfate 4 it was used nonparametric test Kruscal Wallis and post hoc Newman Keuls. In all tests the significance level was p ≤ 0.05. Results: With respect to the cellularity IS7 group showed significant increase in cellularity compared to groups I and C. The IS3 group also showed significant celullar change with the formation of chondrocyte cloning compared to groups S7, S3 and C. The most significant loss of proteoglycan was in IS7 group compared to all other groups. The I group also lost significantly more proteoglycan than the others, except for IS7 group. With respect to collagen fibrils was observed that immobilization (I) significantly reduced the thin fibrils in relation to groups IS3, S7, S3 and C. The quantity of thick fibrils was influenced by mechanical overload, as there was a significant decrease of it in all groups compared to control. With respect to the findings of the fibronectin, the groups immobilized and stretched (IS3 and IS7) had significantly higher intensity staining of fibronectin than other groups. There was no statistical difference of chondroitin sulfate 4 immunostaining among the different groups. Conclusion: The protocols of muscle stretching after immobilization, applied on alternate days and daily provoked distinct adaptive responses in articular cartilage. The immobilization stimulated tissue atrophy that when stimulated by muscle stretching on alternate days, kept some matrix components, such as fine fibrils of collagen and proteoglycan, unlike the protocol used daily. Thus we can conclude that muscle stretching applied in previously immobilized joints should be applied with caution, on alternate days of mechanical stimulation.
Middleware de serviços multi-camadas para redes de sensores sem fio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-29) Ribeiro, José Eduardo; Araujo, Regina Borges de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8964123297688432; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0645626993269346
Technological evolutions in the microelectronic systems and in the wireless communication allowed the development of devices called sensor nodes, which are smalles have low cost and low energy consumption. The sensor nodes integrate sensing modules, data processing and of wireless communication. The use of sensor nodes in a distributed way makes possible the communication among them providing the formation of the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). WSN are being used more and more as powerful monitoring tools of applications of environmental monitoring the monitoring of emergency situations in environments subject to risk situations to the life and the patrimony such as fire, leaks of poisonous gasses and explosions. Emergency management systems that integrate networks of wireless sensors have been used as support to the making of decision for response teams to the emergencies where the response time in these conditions becomes preponderant factor, aiming at the success of rescue practical operations. In order to the system of emergency management to be efficient a support layer to provide integration and reusability of the services is necessary supplied by the system besides a solution to abstract all the communication complexity and data processing inside WSN. In this work a middleware for WSN was designed and partially implemented to aid the work of the developers applications. The main characteristics of this middleware are to supply an expressive and flexible mechanism for subscriptions of interest of the application in the WSN and reusable interfaces that use technologies standard of the Web to provide interoperability between the services and applications. An initial evaluation accomplished with a prototype of some functions of the middleware. An estimate of occupation of memory in the sensor nodes was made with base in studies reported in the literature, and display that middleware projected is viable for the platform of the hardware of motes Mica 2. The mote Mica 2 is the third generation of commercial sensor nodes of the mica family motes, used to enable low energy in WSN.
Desenvolvimento da agricultura orgânica no município de Mata de São João - Bahia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-03-29) Viana, Leonardo Gomes; Stolf, Rubismar; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0303842146742277
The practice of conventional agriculture over time has left its mark in the natural environment; the saturation of the productive capacity of the land is one of its side effects. The emergence of a new perspective with respect to the model of agricultural production brought with it the opportunity to comparatively assess the strengths and weaknesses of each model and its adaptation to different contexts found. The information of the exact time of occurrence of the emergence of organic agriculture in Brazil, it is passive point and everyone agrees with the version of the emergence of Demeter Resort in Botucatu - SP, in the 70's and from there, the occurrence of emergence of other points throughout the country. In order to understand the time of onset and development of the organic agriculture in the municipality of Mata de São João Bahia, This research was developed and made using a quantitative and qualitative methodology, acquiring an exploratory descriptive feature, essential for the start of the construction on this knowledge in the state. According to the type of the research elected, was chosen the semi-structured instrument for collecting data. This instrument consists of objective questions related to the characterization of the research subjects and subjective questions drawn from the general and specific objectives with a view to answer the research question. Were considered research subjects organic producers that have properties located in the municipality of Mata de Sao Joao - Bahia, which were active and willing to participate. Results that emerged from the research brought the perception of the exact moment of the emergence of organic agriculture in the county, forms of producer s organization, the forms of trade, barriers to production and marketing and its future prospects.