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Mudanças nos conceitos de ansiedade nos séculos XIX e XX : da Angstneurose ao DSM-IV
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-04-14)
Viana, Milena de Barros
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Simanke, Richard Theisen
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5431145327759147
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3053794724319601
Anxiety has been a well-studied subject for centuries. Nevertheless, as a circumscribed pathology, anxiety only appears in medical reports at the end of the 19th century, with the works of Sigmund Freud. From clinical observations, Freud detached Angstneurose ( anxiety neurosis ) from neurasthenia, also separating chronic anxiety from anxiety attacks. Although psychoanalytic classifications of anxiety were well-accepted until the mid 1900 s, in the following decades different factors contributed to re-orientate Psychiatry, particularly towards Biology. One important factor was the development of Psychopharmacology. With the so-called psychopharmacological revolution , which began in the 1960 s, the modern descriptive and operational - classifications of mental disorders appeared. The DSM-III (Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, in its third version), published in 1980, inaugurates a new relationship between Psychiatry and Psychopathology, although its conception of mental disorder is not a very clear one. The birth of panic disorder as a nosological category is particularly related to this change in perspective, since it takes place from the pharmacological observation of the therapeutic effects of a new drug, imipramine. In this sense, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the concepts of anxiety adopted in Psychiatry, particularly from the second half of the 19th century until the development of the DSM-IV. At first, the present study will focus on the development of Angstneurose as a clinical entity, by Freud. For that, a brief examination of the clinical terms adopted to designate anxiety states before Freud s time will be performed. Also, the transformations of the Freudian ideas concerning anxiety will be discussed, from a conceptual and diagnostic stand point. In a second moment, the historical evolution of what the diagnostic manuals for mental disorders call anxiety disorders will be investigated, emphasizing the reorganization that these new classification systems bring to the understanding of the concept of anxiety. An attempt to establish a parallel between these new nosological entities and the Freudian categories will be performed. At last, possible points of intersection between Psychiatry and Psychoanalysis, which might contribute to a better understanding of mental phenomena, will be discussed, on the basis of Freud s incursions into Biology.
O discurso da justiça como equidade: significados contraditórios em conflito
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-04-14)
Pereira, Ana Paula
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Miotello, Valdemir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9131819326282708
Our research examined the question of the meanings of Justice; Do we live in a social group where Justice has the fundamental principle of equity among all of its participants? Is this notion of equity an eternal truth? Perhaps it is only an idealism in language or an idealism of the laws which control our social organisations? Exploring the meanings of Justice, our focus was on speech construction, developed by the magazines Veja and Isto é when they reported on the Primeiro Comando da Capital in May 2006.Our objective was to examine how social groups recognise and value themselves at times of social instability. Do all the members of the social group consider themselves as equals? Our epistemology was Dialogism, developed by the Russian philosopher, Mikhail Bakhtin. Using his methodology we identified in the corpus, the construction of two speech genres: one creating fear, and the other, pedagogic. On the one hand, the magazine reports displayed the development of a speech full of fear for the destabilisation of the dominant social group s order. We also identified the construction of a pedagogic speech which instructed the State to resolve the problems from social destabilisation. In both speech genres, we identified the presence of ideologies which indicated the lack of social equity among all the members of the group.
Papel preventivo do exercício físico nas alterações observadas na via de sinalização insulínica induzidas pela Dexametasona
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-04-14)
Dionísio, Thiago José
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Cardoso, Sandra Lia do Amaral
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2030708742766455
Peripheral insulin resistance is the major side effect after chronic dexamethasone (Dexa) treatment, which is widely used to control inflammatory diseases. On the other hand, exercise training increases insulin-dependent muscle glucose uptake and attenuates hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia induced by Dexa treatment. This study investigated whether exercise can modulate the insulin-dependent glucose uptake pathway in order to attenuate the peripheral insulin resistance induced by Dexa treatment. Eighty rats were distributed into 4 groups: sedentary control (SC), sedentary treated with Dexa (SD; 1 mg/kg per day, i.p.), trained control (TC) and trained treated with Dexa (TD). These rats underwent a training period where they were either submitted to a running protocol (60% of physical capacity, 5 days/week for 8 weeks) or kept sedentary. After this training period, the animals underwent Dexa treatment (10 days) concomitant with training. Body weight was measured weekly before treatment and daily during the treatment. Blood glucose was measured at the beginning, after five days and at the end of experimental protocol (one touch ultra test). An ipGTT was performed at the end of the experimental period. After an overnight fast, the rats were anesthetized. After collection of an unchallenged sample (time 0), a solution of 50% glucose (2.0 g/kg body weight) was administered into the peritoneal cavity. Blood samples were collected from the tail at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min for determination of glucose concentrations and calculations of the area under the glucose curve (AUC). The western blot technique was performed to identify IRS-1, PKC-α and p-AKT protein expression in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. During the training period, the increase of body weight was similar among the groups. Dexa treatment body weight and exercise did not attenuate this reduction. Exercise training did not alter fasting blood glucose. Dexa treatment significantly increased glycemia in both groups, sedentary animals (SD = +157%) and trained animals (TD = +98%). However, training attenuated this increase since TD was 22% lower than SD groups. The AUC was 39% higher for Dexa-treated rats, but exercise attenuated this peripheral insulin resistance. Dexa significantly reduced IRS-1 (-58%), PKC-α (-44%) and p- AKT (-48%) protein expression in the TA muscle. Moreover, exercise per si increased protein expression of IRS-1 (112%), PKC- α (17%) and p-AKT (93%). Also, exercise blocked these protein expression reductions after Dexa treatment. These results demonstrates for the first time that exercise training can prevent the reductions of IRS-1, p-AKT and PKC- α protein expressions induced by Dexa in the skeletal muscle. Therefore, exercise may be a good strategy to prevent dexamethasone-induced peripheral insulin resistance. Financial support: FAPESP
Complexos de Ru e Pd com bases de Schiff de ditiocarbazatos com interesse bioinorgânico e quimioterápico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-04-16)
Graminha, Angelica Ellen
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Batista, Alzir Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469642481998660
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5346291554255235
The present work reports the synthesis of dithiocarbazate Schiff s bases, which are versatile ligands with a significant interest due to both property and biological application. The focus of this study was the synthesis of bidentate, tridentate and tetradentate Schiff s bases derived from acetophenone, 2-acetylpyridine, benzylacetylacetone and 2,6-diacetylpyridine with S-benzyl and S-pnitrobenzyldithiocarbazate. Such ligands have been characterized through melting point, vibrational absorption spectroscopy in infrared region, elemental analysis, RMN 1H, gCosy gHSQC and gHMBC and electrochemical studies. The crystallographic structure of the ligand S-benzyl-N-(acetophenone)dithiocarbazate (AcFBz) was given. During the characterization of the ligands S-benzyl- (FACACBz) and S-p-nitrobenzyl-N- (benzyacetone)dithiocarbazate(FACACBzNO2 ) the formation of a cyclic ligand, which keeps the molecular formula of the originally proposed structure, was found. From the ligands derived from benzylacetone (FACACBz and FACACBzNO2), 2-acetylpyridine (AcpyBz and AcpyBzNO2) and 2,6-diacetylpyridine (DAPBz e DAPBzNO2), palladium (II) complexes( [Pd(FACACR)PPh3], [Pd(AcpyR)PPh3]PF6 and [Pd(DAPR)] ) have been synthesized with R= Bz or BzNO2. These compounds have been characterized through several techniques and the structure of the complexes [Pd(FACACBz)(PPh3)] and [Pd(FACACBzNO2)(PPh3)] was given. The electrochemical studies of the complexes [Pd(FACACR)PPh3] and [Pd(AcpyR)PPh3]PF6 (R= Bz ou BzNO2) showed distinct electrochemical behavior. Both complexes [Pd(FACACR)PPh3] and [Pd(AcpyR)PPh3]PF6 contain irreversible potential, while the [Pd(FACACR)PPh3] complexes are oxidized by PdII/PdIII and the [Pd(AcpyR)PPh3]PF6 complexes show reduction potential of PdII/PdI. Furthermore, complexes of ruthenium (II) with ligands derived from both 2-acetylpyridine (AcpyBz, AcpyBzNO2) and acetophenone (AcFBz and AcFBzNO2) with different precursors, such as [RuCl2(PPh3)3] and [RuCl2(dpbp)(PPh3)], have been studied. All ruthenium complexes are neutral, because the ligands are anionic due to the deprotonation of one of the nitrogen from the chain. Thus, the ruthenium compounds with bidentate ligand AcFBz and AcFBzNO2 present a xvii general formula [Ru(L)2(PPh3)2] and [Ru(L)2(dppb)], while the tridentate ligands AcpyBz and AcpyBzNO2 form [RuCl(L)(PPh3)2] and [RuCl(L)(dppb)] complexes. The crystallographic structure of the complex [RuCl(AcpyBz)(dppb)] was given. Ruthenium (II) complexes have also been synthesized through Schiff s bases derived from 2,6- diacetylpyridine DAPBz and DAPBzNO2.These compounds, as well as the respective palladium complexes, showed low solubility restricting the use of some techniques in order to characterize them. Cytotoxicity assays of both compounds and their respective ligands have been carried out on cell lines K562 (leukemia myeloid akut), S180 (Murine ascitic Sarcoma) and MDA-MB231 (breast cancer), except the Pd and Ru compounds containing the DAPBz e DAPBzNO2 ligands, due to their low solubility. Cellular viability assays have been carried out in order to ascertain the cytotoxicity of both complexes and their ligands in vitro. In some cases the complexibility improved the activity whereas it has generated selectivity to the complexes in others.
Das glebas aos continentes: um diálogo sobre indicadores socioambientais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-04-22)
Peron, Darci
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Sato, Michele
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9264997837722900
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6829878694060568
This study has been carried out in a rural settlement of the Agrarian Reform National Institute Wesly Manoel dos Santos, also known as Gleba Mercedes V, located in the municipal district of Sinop, Mato Grosso. It involves elements for the analysis of Human Welfare of people settled there, through three socio-environmental indicators: the Ecological Footprint, the Human Development Index and the Happiness Index. Based on the case study methodology, this research triangulates quantitative and qualitative data and it uses the following methods: 1- the Ecological Footprint Method through the variables: water consumption, power, fuel and wastes generation; 2- the Happy Planet Index Method, which relates Happiness to the Ecological Footprint, in which the program: Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) has been used, in order to systematize the gathered data; and 3- Method adopted by PNUD to check the Human Development Index, through the variables of longevity, education and health. Through these collected data and the figures found for the three magnitudes: Ecological Footprint, Happiness Index and Human Development Index, we have examined the impacts brought about by the activities put into practice by the inhabitants of that community in the natural environment, life pattern of the inhabitants and their happiness, trying to assess the human welfare condition of the community dwellers, aiming to evaluate the sustainability degree of the referred settlement. Using a previously structured questionnaire we could assess the satisfaction level towards life, which is 5.62 (in a 0 to 10 scale). Based on the Happy Planet Index Method, through the relationship between the local Ecological Footprint and the satisfaction level, we have calculated the Happiness Index of 0.68 (in a 0 to 10 scale). Both the quantitative and the qualitative data have been gathered between January to December, 2008. After the analysis of the results of the Ecological Footprint: 0.433 gha/per capita and the Biocapacity: 6.34 gha/per capita, the settlement can be considered ecologically sustainable and we can say it presents a confirmed ecological superavit.
Políticas públicas na bacia hidrográfica do Rio das Mortes Mato Grosso-Brasil: educação ambiental para vidas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-04-22)
Nápolis, Patricia Maria Martins
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Sato, Michele
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9264997837722900
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4594780742425829
The Mortes River basin (MRB) is located in the eastern state of Mato Grosso, with its source in the Serra São Lourenço, Campo Verde (MT) and flows into the Araguaia River, in São Félix do Araguaia (MT), its extension is 1070 kilometers. Its total area of twenty one municipalities covering the whole basin is 61.662,20 square kilometers, or 6.82% of the total area state. There are records of recent decades that show a intense expansion of areas converted for use in agriculture and livestock. This study aimed to devise strategies for environmental education in the formulation of public politics in the Mortes River basin (MRB) Mato Grosso - Brazil. This research was divided into two parts: characterization of environmental processes and environmental education, using instrumentation and data acquisition, digital processing of results, document analysis, questionnaires and interviews. As a result of the main features of the physical environment of MRB was possible the preparation of thematic maps: geology, geomorphology, pedology, vegetation, hydrography, and protected natural areas. As a result of the main features of the physical environment of MRB was possible the preparation of thematic maps: geology, geomorphology, pedology, vegetation, hydrography, and protected natural areas; allowing the idealization of an array of environmental education for the eleven municipalities studied. The MRB is threatened by indiscriminate deforestation that has occurred. Cases of silting up, water pollution, the destruction of the sources and reducing the water volume, has been widespread and is affecting the water use of the region residents. The tactics of environmental education for the Basin has suggested that value community involvement in finding solutions environmental participatory, and not decimate the natural landscape, the rural characteristics and culture of artesanal fishing, and to propose local economic alternatives.
Estudos químicos e microbiológicos de microrganismos associados à esponja marinha Dragmacidon reticulatum, objetivando o isolamento de metabólitos secundários bioativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-04-22)
Mizuno, Carolina Megumi
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Seleghim, Mirna Helena Regali
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5998337634888263
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3879006027123565
Fungi are known as one of the most promising sources of unprecedent bioactive compounds, however, marine derived fungi are still very poorly studied. These microorganisms present high percentages of active metabolites and they are commonly isolated from marine invertebrates. At this study, the associated microbiota of the marine sponge Dragmacidon reticulatum was investigated in order to know the microbial diversity and explore the biotechnological potential of those strains for the production of bioactive secondary metabolites. Fragments from D. reticulatum were incubated on Petri dishes with different growth media. Forty five strains were isolated, although only 40 presented satisfactory growth for the preservation and production of extracts. From these, 32 strains were analysed for their genetic polymorphism through the ARDRA method that showed 24 different ribotypes. Extracts produced from the growing media of the 40 strains were evaluated for their cytotoxic and/or antimicrobial activity. From those, 22 presented biological activities in at least one of the bioassays, and had their chemical profiles evaluated in HPLC-UV-MS. Considering only the different ribotypes, 20 strains were selected by the biological activity of their extracts and were submitted to molecular identification. These isolates were attributed to the Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, Myrmecridium, Microphaeropsis, Sporidesmium and Westerdykella genera. One strain was identified as actinobacteria from the Streptomyces sp. genus, and had its extract investigated, because the marine derived actinobacteria are also potential sources of bioactive compounds. The isolation of the unprecedented compounds _,_-dehydrocurvularin, the I-6, O-2 and JKL-4, produced by the fungus Penicillium decaturense, demonstrated the effectiveness of the screening procedures used in strain selection as producers of metabolites of biotechnical interest, and the need of more studies with this strain and the other strains selected in this study (Streptomyces sp., Westerdykella sp. and Sporidesmium sp.). The results confirmed the biotechnological potential presented by marine derived fungi.
Uma nova abordagem para análise de dependência bivariada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-04-23)
Marchi, Vitor Alex Alves de
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Louzada Neto, Francisco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0963342295447680
In this dissertation we describe and implement procedures for nonparametric estimation of copulas and Sibuya function, and also procedures for bivariate analysis of dependence based on the behavior of their contours plot. Besisdes, we describe and implement the chiplot procedure and as well as a procedure for analising bivariate dependence in presence of censoring in the sample. Particularly, we propose a way to use it in a local correlation analysis. The performance of the proposed procedures are illustrated and evaluated in cases of very simple correlation, but also in a more complex correlation schemes.
Contribuição à paleoecologia da Amazônia Meridional na planície de inundação do Rio Teles Pires, do norte do Estado do Mato Grosso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-04-24)
Paixão, Jesus da Silva
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Fernandes, Marcelo Adorna
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6709493251686592
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1427011153695302
Records of isotopic and elemental carbon and nitrogen and pollen in lake sediments and soils have been used for studies of Quaternary paleoecology worldwide, including in the Amazon at specific sites, such as the region of Carajas, Lake Pata and Region Porto Velho in Rondonia state making it necessary to register in the central southern region. We collected two cores in the Lagoa Jabuti site and a core on the Site Três Coqueiros in the floodplain of the Teles Pires river in northern Mato Grosso state. The cores were analyzed for elemental and isotopic nitrogen and carbon (% C, % N, 13C, 15N and C/N), and palynology and radiometric dating by 14C via AMS. Was also used samples of Quaternary megafauna and elements of material culture. From the analysis carried out it appears that southern Amazon in the Mato Grosso there were no significant ecological changes during the study period, which is around 5,500 years B.P., except for the registration of a relatively sharp change in carbon isotope values for about 2,700 years BP. The pollen analysis of the sediment of Jabuti showed the predominance of elements on forest herb/fern coinciding with data from botanical surveys conducted in the area in which stand families Fabaceae, Arecaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae, Combretaceae, Melastomataceae, Annonaceae, among the trees; Cyperaceae , Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae, Poaceae, Achantaceae and Amaranthaceae between herbs and Polygonaceae, Cyatheaceae and Asplenium among the ferns. The megafauna considered in the paper presented by ESR beyond the age covered by the project and analyzed the material culture (ceramics) revealed that from the earliest moments of occupation (about 1,300 years BP) the ecological conditions of the region have not changed, although they have been registered large gaps in regional occupation that can be interpreted as a crisis in the supply of natural resources necessary for survival in the region.
Funções elíticas simétricas e aplicações em superfícies mínimas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-04-24)
Hancco, Alvaro Julio Yucra
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Villagra, Guillermo Antonio Lobos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962956853017869
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7678327516942131
In 1989, H.Karcher elaborated a method for the construction of minimal surfaces, denominated reverse construction method given in [10]. In that work it was rewritten the theory of elliptic functions using an approach more geometrical than analytical. This allows to better control the behavior and the image values of those functions, making it easier his application in minimal surfaces. In this master s thesis, we will present basic tools of the theory of symmetric elliptic functions, describing explicitly the symmetric ℘-Weierstraß and the function γ, that will be applied in the reverse construction method for an example of minimal surface.
Estrutura populacional do caranguejo-uçá, Ucides cordatus, (Linnaeus, 1763) (Crustacea, Brachyura, Ocypodidae) e sustentabilidade do extrativismo na reserva extrativista do Mandira, Cananéia, São Paulo, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-04-26)
Pereira, Alineide Lucena Costa
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Nordi, Nivaldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8168865557947289
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8864693433127558
The exploitation of Ucides cordatus is an important economic activity for the artisanal fisherman along the Brazilian coast, despite of it the scientific knowledge about the population dynamic of this resource is yet insufficient for the management proposals in same regions. The artisanally harvest of the mangrove crab is the second more important economic activity in the Reserva Extrativista Mandira (25º 01 015 S; 48º 02 160 W). This paper aims to evaluate the extractivism of that resource, supplying subsidies to the implementation of management regulations. As a contribution for the management plan of the RESEX Mandira a study on Ucides cordatus population structure was carried out at four mangrove forests during 24 months. Crabs were monthly sampled from January of 2006 to December of 2007. The nature stock was estimated by monitoring the density of crabs burrow in the mangrove forests. The yield and commercial system was described through interviews with the fisherman and monitoring of the monthly yields. In the year of 2009, fifteen fishermen have the crab harvest as their mean economic resource, the RESEX yields an annual production of 6,7 ton. in the period of 1999 to 2008. CPUE increase in the analysis of the all study period. A total of 809 crabs was sexed, registered its width and length of carapace, and fresh weight. The overall sex ratio was skewed toward males (471 ind., 58,2 %), not different from the 1:1 expected proportion. The mean size (carapace width) for male was 61,7 mm (± 1,09) and for females 56,6 mm (± 0,85); the mean fresh weight was 112,61 g (± 51,34) for male and 79,13 g (± 24,65) for female. Males were major distributed in the size classes of 65 to 75 mm, and females occupied the smaller size classes (55 to 65 mm). Juveniles occurred along the year round, but were represented for few individuals. Males and females presented a large association between the carapace width and fresh weight, both sexes presented isometric relation between these variables. Mean crab density and biomass, in the years of 2006 and 2007, was 2,13 specimens/m2 and 229,7 ton/ km2 fresh mass or 1.731,5 ton. Only large males were commercially harvested, their biomass was 184,7 ton/ km2. The biomass could be different between the mangrove forest analyzed according to their environment characteristics, accessibility and fishing history. The mean crab abundance in the year of 2006 and 2007 was 16.054.404 specimens (1.337.867 dozens).
Internacionalização do saber jurídico e redes profissionais locais: um estudo sobre justiça restaurativa em São Carlos-SP e São Caetano do Sul-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-04-28)
Tonche, Juliana
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Bonelli, Maria da Glória
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9681765656054013
I analyze the articulation process existing between the juridical knowledge internationalization, represented here by restorative justice, and local professional networks in two cities from the state of São Paulo: São Carlos and São Caetano do Sul. In the first city it was observed a interest decay in restorative justice with a local configuration of disputes towards the minor with problems against the law. Then, the second city is constituted as one of the three areas in this country in which was established a pilot program of mediation in the shapes of the kind of informal resolution of conflicts indicated here. Based on a bibliography on sociology of professions, it is discussed how this proposal, with a more political content, has been treated more specifically in the field of law professions, assuming that these professions, unique in their historical tradition and strong connection with the State, have taken the knowledge neutrality and strong delimitation with political field as the best strategy for the construction of their autonomy.
Efeitos de diferentes formulações comerciais do herbicida Roundup® sobre a função cardiorespiratória de matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus (Teleostei, Characidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-04-28)
Anelli Junior, Luiz Carlos
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Kalinin, Ana Lúcia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5493936744279888
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6658034059667054
Roundup is the herbicide most extensively used worldwide and its application in agricultural areas eventually contaminates the aquatic environment. However, given its importance as an herbicide, the literature on toxicological and ecotoxicological properties of the glyphosate in aquatic animals is scarce. In this research, control specimens of matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus, and specimens exposed to three different Roundup formulations (Original, WG and Transorb) at concentration of 5 mg.L-1 for 96 hours, showed the following results: change on the critical tension of O2 (PcO2) from 35 mmHg to 107 mmHg (Original group), to 114 mmHg (WG group), and to 94 mmHg (Transorb group). The Original and WG groups increased ed VO2 and V G in most of the PO2 tested while these parameneters decreased for Transorb group. Both VT and the relation V G / VO2 increased significantly in relation to the control group during progressive hypoxia, whereas EO2 was significantly reduced in all the three groups. The fR did not change significantly in relation to the group control whereas fH increased significantly in the Original group and did not show significant changes in the other groups. The tachycardia induced by the Original formulation could be related to a direct effect of glyphosate on the cardiac muscle, but could also be attributed to a stress-induced catecholamine release in response to the herbicide. On the other hand, the bradycardia observed in WG and Transorb formulation groups may be the result of the effect of inert ingredients found in their formulations and not only the glyphosate itself. Taken together, the results suggest possible structural changes in the gill filaments, reducing the efficiency of the gas exchanges. However, fR values did not change between groups exposed to herbicides, which indicates that all Roundup formulations may have reduced AchE activity, inhibiting tissues such as muscles and nervous system. Altogether, the results pointed that the effects of Roundup on B. amazonicus respiratory functions reduce its chances of survival, especially under conditions of environmental hypoxia.
Efeitos da distribuição de manchas de folhas na estrutura de macroinvertebrados de riachos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-04-29)
Hanashiro, Fábio Toshiro Taquicava
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Tanaka, Marcel Okamoto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2768658925977757
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6370839955073511
To understand the effects of spatial heterogeneity on the processes that determine the distribution of organisms in low-order streams, in the present study we asked the following question: do the composition and spatial arrangement of leaf litter patches at the scale of streambed landscapes influence the structure and composition of aquatic macroinvertebrate communities? We evaluated substrate organization in two distinct phases: an initial description of the streambeds using landscape ecology techniques, and a second, experimental phase studying the response of aquatic macroinvertebrates to manipulated distributions of the substrate. The results of the descriptive phase showed the importance of leaf litter substrate influencing taxon richness, diversity, evenness, and abundance; further, the division of the habitat in patches was also important to structure the macroinvertebrate communities. The experimental manipulation showed that resource aggregation influences the colonization of the community, mainly in the early periods (8 days). In general, the influence of resource spatial distribution had different effects between the two approaches used, probably due to differences in patch size and quality. The results of the present study can contribute to a better comprehension of the mechanisms structuring the communities of aquatic macroinvertebrates, and to the improvement of sampling techniques and stream restoration projects.
Modificação e caracterização da superfície do aço inoxidável Martensítico AISI 410
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-04-29)
Bincoleto, Alexandre Vinicius Leite
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Nascente, Pedro Augusto de Paula
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1387043320265189
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2903700887151032
This work deals about the surface modification of the AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel. The modification of steel surfaces is important for the improvement of its mechanical and tribological properties. Among the modification processes, there are coating, deposition of thin films, and ion implantation. The AISI 410 stainless steel is widely applied by manufacturers of steam turbine for the production of blades, rods, and valves, which are the components that suffer more the abrasion by water vapor. This work compares the main surface modifications employed in the AISI 410 stainless steel in order to define which the best deposition processes are regarding their final application (nitriding, carbonitriding, and boronizing). The structures, the morphologies, and the chemical compositions of the modified surfaces had been characterized by XRD. Also optical microscopy was used for the analysis of the microstructural modifications and measurement of the surface hardness.
HoNeS - arquitetura para suporte de aplicações ubíquas em redes domésticas centradas em TV digital
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-04-30)
Freitas, Giliard Brito de
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Teixeira, Cesar Augusto Camillo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1123376648713853
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6857945508137365
This work proposes and evaluates an architecture to support ubiquitous applications in digital TV-centric home networks. The computational power and support for communication with other devices in home networks, incorporated by digital TV, create new possibilities and opportunities for research and promote the development of new types of services and applications. Currently, a significant amount of computational devices is part of human environment, however, the interaction with these devices, depends frequently on some process of learning due to differences found in interfaces and ways to configure and operate each one. Potential applications may use the TV set for interaction with domestic appliances, as the TV has a central role in many people's daily entertainment. It seems natural and relevant that functionalities of digital TV sets may be used to develop an architecture to support applications that require intercommunication between devices, with the aim of making transparent and accessible in several places of a residence the services offered by domestic appliances. The proposed architecture consists of a protocol layer for automatic discovery of devices and a new set of services whose aim is to facilitate the implementation of ubiquitous applications in home network that has the TV as a central element of interaction with other devices. HoNeS (Home Network Services) is the name of the architecture presented in this work. For the design and implementation of HoNeS, technologies for digital TV environments and home networking were investigated, beyond its current state of the art. As a proof of concept, the proposed services were effectively implemented. The set of protocols Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) was chosen for automatic discovery and control of devices, and Ginga, the middleware of the Brazilian digital TV system, used as digital TV environment.
Efeitos dos esteróides anabólicos androgênicos sobre a bioquímica, morfologia, biomecânica e expressão gênica de diferentes tendões de ratos submetidos ao exercício de carga
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-04-30)
Marqueti, Rita de Cássia
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Araújo, Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0391056751283338
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of vertical jump associated with anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) on the biochemical, biomechanical and morphological properties, and the expression of the main genes responsible for remodeling in the calcaneal tendon (CT), superficial flexor tendon (TFS) and deep flexor tendon (TFP) in rats Animals were divided into four experimental groups: Sedentary (S), Trained (T) (vertical jump, 50 80% body weight load, 7 weeks, 5 days/week), AAS-treated sedentary rats (AAS) (5 mg/kg of body mass, twice a week).), and AAS-treated and trained animals (AAST). The techniques performed were: zymography (to analyze the metalopeptidase activity - MMP-2); biomechanical test (cross-sectional area, displacement at maximum load, maximum stress, maximum strain, and elastic modulus); morphology and real time PCR. The training promoted an increased in MMP-2 activity in the three regions of TFS, while the AAS treatment or the combination of training and AAS decreased both MMP-2 concentration and active form in all regions of the SFT. The biomechanical test showed that AAS increased tendon rigidity (i.e., lower elasticity and capacity to resist load) and the effects were enhanced by the combination of AAS and training. The DFT was the most affected by training, AAS, and the interaction of both. Take together the morphology and stereology showed that training increases the vascularity and cellularity, while the AAS combined with training reduced these two parameters in the three evaluated tendons. Gene expression showed that training did not increase the main genes expression responsible for tissue resistance: collagen type I and III, but the AAS or the association with training promoted a downregulation of expression in these genes on all tendons regions. In conclusion, the exercise increased remodeling and differently modulates the genes expression related to ECM remodeling in tendon. The AAS administration and combination with exercise induce negative effects, providing a poor remodeling and increasing risk of tendons injury.
A docência do professor formador de professores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-04-30)
Costa, Josilene Silva da
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Oliveira, Rosa Maria Moraes Anunciato de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3064136997342775
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9919549387305992
Access to teaching in higher education is sought by professionals from various fields, and many start and remain in the profession, without a specific initial training or continuing to exercise it. This reality is a challenge being faced by universities and research in Education. The specificity of the work of the professor is to train professionals, including teachers and, according to the LDB, higher education institutions are responsible in training teachers for basic education. Among the various aspects involved in regard to the training of teachers, some are repeated as research topics and others are silenced. There are few discussions regarding the formation and performance of the teacher trainer of future teachers. This research builds on the work of Mizukami, Cunha, Tardif, Shulman, and its central question is: how teacher educators describe and analyze their teaching at the graduation? A study was conducted with three former teachers of Math and Letters courses of a public higher education in the State of Bahia. The goals of the research were: to understand the learning experienced by the teacher educator to develop their teaching in graduation; to analyze the priorities set by the trainers teach future teachers; to understand how the teacher trainer organizes their teaching and knowledge that mobilizes. In the methodology, interviews were conducted addressing training and professional practice of teaching and teacher trainer in graduation. The process of data analysis was based on the definition of the following focuses: learning experienced in teaching; priorities in acting with initial teacher training, knowledge and practices in the training of undergraduates; observations about the student and their education. Although it has specifics, teaching teacher trainer features many elements of approach to teaching in other contexts of education and training. This study suggests some syntheses that go toward the devaluation of teaching because, in university culture, teaching is not an activity that tends to prestige or add value to the professional teacher. Teaching is seen as arising from other activities, such as those related to research, guidance, consulting, among others. In the absence of an institutional teacher training proposal, these teachers develop a process of self formation, seeking alternatives to their needs and challenges in relation to teaching and also research. It seems that the extension in the university is not its major concern and this is just another way of fragmentation and hierarchy of knowledge and practice in university. The concerns of trainers in order to support the understanding of specific knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, contextual knowledge and professional field should be part of a project for institutional strengthening of teaching in undergraduate and professional development of trainers.
Estudo das alterações no volume muscular, na função articular e na marcha de hemiparéticos crônicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-03)
Medeiros, Christiane Lanatovitz Prado
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Salvini, Tânia de Fátima
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7547226068281112
This work consists of two studies. The aim of the first study was to investigate quadriceps and hamstring muscle volumes and strength deficits of the knee extensors and flexors in people with chronic hemiparesis compared to a healthy group. Fifteen individuals with chronic stroke and fifteen healthy individuals took part in this study. Motor function, quadriceps and hamstring muscle volume (MV), and maximal concentric and eccentric contractions of the knee extensors and flexors were obtained. The quadriceps muscle showed a reduction in MV. The peak torque of the paretic and non paretic limbs knee extensors and flexors was reduced in both contraction modes and velocities. There were significant correlations between motor function and strength deficits. With regard to muscle mass, there was a difference between quadriceps and hamstring response. There was no disuse atrophy; however this did not prevent extensor torque reduction. The aim of the second study was to investigate the effects of ground level gait training combining body weight support (BWS) and functional electrical stimulation (FES). Twelve people following chronic stroke. An A1-B-A2 system was applied; A1 and A2 corresponded to ground level gait training using BWS, and B corresponded to the same training associated to FES. The analyzed variables were: mean walking speed of locomotion; step length; stride length, speed and duration; initial and final double support duration; single-limb support duration; swing period; range of motion (ROM), maximum and minimum angles of foot, leg, thigh, and trunk segments. Mean walking speed, stride length and speed increased. Regarding the ROMs, there was a significant increase for leg and thigh. There was not improvement in the variables measured during the FES phase. Ground level gait training using BWS was effective to improve some gait, and the association to FES did not provide any additional improvement in the measured parameters.
Análise sócio-espacial e conhecimento etnobotânico em uma comunidade quilombola no sudoeste de Goiás
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-03)
Silva, Jesiel Souza
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Ferraz, José Maria Gusman
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3851804858390996
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1262375754694269
Quilombos are the greatest symbols of resistance against the system of slavery that continued in the Brazilian territory for many years. Spread throughout the Brazilian territory these communities have created strategies model of survival against the hub and conservative land, and fight mainly to have their territory recognized and respected. In this context the community of Cedar, in southwest Goiás, is a community made up of descendants of former slaves and who recognize themselves as bearers of an identity based on the same origin and a common culture distinct from other groups surrounding. This paper seeks to show how this community of spatially established in a territory where there is predominance of monoculture and how to setup ethnobotanical knowledge in this area. We analyzed data from 25 family units, relating to housing, lifestyle, sociospatial training, health, education, values, culture, attitudes, opinions of the individuals interviewed and traditional knowledge regarding the use of medicinal plants, were mentioned 94 plant species used for medicinal purposes, and leaves the predominant part in the medications. This community maintains practices brought by their ancestors centuries. One reason for the intense relationship between this community and environment in which it operates is providing numerous resources that nature provides to this community and are essential for their survival and reproduction.