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Efeitos da distribuição de manchas de folhas na estrutura de macroinvertebrados de riachos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-04-29)
Hanashiro, Fábio Toshiro Taquicava
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Tanaka, Marcel Okamoto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2768658925977757
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6370839955073511
To understand the effects of spatial heterogeneity on the processes that determine the distribution of organisms in low-order streams, in the present study we asked the following question: do the composition and spatial arrangement of leaf litter patches at the scale of streambed landscapes influence the structure and composition of aquatic macroinvertebrate communities? We evaluated substrate organization in two distinct phases: an initial description of the streambeds using landscape ecology techniques, and a second, experimental phase studying the response of aquatic macroinvertebrates to manipulated distributions of the substrate. The results of the descriptive phase showed the importance of leaf litter substrate influencing taxon richness, diversity, evenness, and abundance; further, the division of the habitat in patches was also important to structure the macroinvertebrate communities. The experimental manipulation showed that resource aggregation influences the colonization of the community, mainly in the early periods (8 days). In general, the influence of resource spatial distribution had different effects between the two approaches used, probably due to differences in patch size and quality. The results of the present study can contribute to a better comprehension of the mechanisms structuring the communities of aquatic macroinvertebrates, and to the improvement of sampling techniques and stream restoration projects.
Modificação e caracterização da superfície do aço inoxidável Martensítico AISI 410
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-04-29)
Bincoleto, Alexandre Vinicius Leite
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Nascente, Pedro Augusto de Paula
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1387043320265189
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2903700887151032
This work deals about the surface modification of the AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel. The modification of steel surfaces is important for the improvement of its mechanical and tribological properties. Among the modification processes, there are coating, deposition of thin films, and ion implantation. The AISI 410 stainless steel is widely applied by manufacturers of steam turbine for the production of blades, rods, and valves, which are the components that suffer more the abrasion by water vapor. This work compares the main surface modifications employed in the AISI 410 stainless steel in order to define which the best deposition processes are regarding their final application (nitriding, carbonitriding, and boronizing). The structures, the morphologies, and the chemical compositions of the modified surfaces had been characterized by XRD. Also optical microscopy was used for the analysis of the microstructural modifications and measurement of the surface hardness.
HoNeS - arquitetura para suporte de aplicações ubíquas em redes domésticas centradas em TV digital
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-04-30)
Freitas, Giliard Brito de
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Teixeira, Cesar Augusto Camillo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1123376648713853
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6857945508137365
This work proposes and evaluates an architecture to support ubiquitous applications in digital TV-centric home networks. The computational power and support for communication with other devices in home networks, incorporated by digital TV, create new possibilities and opportunities for research and promote the development of new types of services and applications. Currently, a significant amount of computational devices is part of human environment, however, the interaction with these devices, depends frequently on some process of learning due to differences found in interfaces and ways to configure and operate each one. Potential applications may use the TV set for interaction with domestic appliances, as the TV has a central role in many people's daily entertainment. It seems natural and relevant that functionalities of digital TV sets may be used to develop an architecture to support applications that require intercommunication between devices, with the aim of making transparent and accessible in several places of a residence the services offered by domestic appliances. The proposed architecture consists of a protocol layer for automatic discovery of devices and a new set of services whose aim is to facilitate the implementation of ubiquitous applications in home network that has the TV as a central element of interaction with other devices. HoNeS (Home Network Services) is the name of the architecture presented in this work. For the design and implementation of HoNeS, technologies for digital TV environments and home networking were investigated, beyond its current state of the art. As a proof of concept, the proposed services were effectively implemented. The set of protocols Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) was chosen for automatic discovery and control of devices, and Ginga, the middleware of the Brazilian digital TV system, used as digital TV environment.
Efeitos dos esteróides anabólicos androgênicos sobre a bioquímica, morfologia, biomecânica e expressão gênica de diferentes tendões de ratos submetidos ao exercício de carga
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-04-30)
Marqueti, Rita de Cássia
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Araújo, Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0391056751283338
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of vertical jump associated with anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) on the biochemical, biomechanical and morphological properties, and the expression of the main genes responsible for remodeling in the calcaneal tendon (CT), superficial flexor tendon (TFS) and deep flexor tendon (TFP) in rats Animals were divided into four experimental groups: Sedentary (S), Trained (T) (vertical jump, 50 80% body weight load, 7 weeks, 5 days/week), AAS-treated sedentary rats (AAS) (5 mg/kg of body mass, twice a week).), and AAS-treated and trained animals (AAST). The techniques performed were: zymography (to analyze the metalopeptidase activity - MMP-2); biomechanical test (cross-sectional area, displacement at maximum load, maximum stress, maximum strain, and elastic modulus); morphology and real time PCR. The training promoted an increased in MMP-2 activity in the three regions of TFS, while the AAS treatment or the combination of training and AAS decreased both MMP-2 concentration and active form in all regions of the SFT. The biomechanical test showed that AAS increased tendon rigidity (i.e., lower elasticity and capacity to resist load) and the effects were enhanced by the combination of AAS and training. The DFT was the most affected by training, AAS, and the interaction of both. Take together the morphology and stereology showed that training increases the vascularity and cellularity, while the AAS combined with training reduced these two parameters in the three evaluated tendons. Gene expression showed that training did not increase the main genes expression responsible for tissue resistance: collagen type I and III, but the AAS or the association with training promoted a downregulation of expression in these genes on all tendons regions. In conclusion, the exercise increased remodeling and differently modulates the genes expression related to ECM remodeling in tendon. The AAS administration and combination with exercise induce negative effects, providing a poor remodeling and increasing risk of tendons injury.
A docência do professor formador de professores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-04-30)
Costa, Josilene Silva da
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Oliveira, Rosa Maria Moraes Anunciato de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3064136997342775
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9919549387305992
Access to teaching in higher education is sought by professionals from various fields, and many start and remain in the profession, without a specific initial training or continuing to exercise it. This reality is a challenge being faced by universities and research in Education. The specificity of the work of the professor is to train professionals, including teachers and, according to the LDB, higher education institutions are responsible in training teachers for basic education. Among the various aspects involved in regard to the training of teachers, some are repeated as research topics and others are silenced. There are few discussions regarding the formation and performance of the teacher trainer of future teachers. This research builds on the work of Mizukami, Cunha, Tardif, Shulman, and its central question is: how teacher educators describe and analyze their teaching at the graduation? A study was conducted with three former teachers of Math and Letters courses of a public higher education in the State of Bahia. The goals of the research were: to understand the learning experienced by the teacher educator to develop their teaching in graduation; to analyze the priorities set by the trainers teach future teachers; to understand how the teacher trainer organizes their teaching and knowledge that mobilizes. In the methodology, interviews were conducted addressing training and professional practice of teaching and teacher trainer in graduation. The process of data analysis was based on the definition of the following focuses: learning experienced in teaching; priorities in acting with initial teacher training, knowledge and practices in the training of undergraduates; observations about the student and their education. Although it has specifics, teaching teacher trainer features many elements of approach to teaching in other contexts of education and training. This study suggests some syntheses that go toward the devaluation of teaching because, in university culture, teaching is not an activity that tends to prestige or add value to the professional teacher. Teaching is seen as arising from other activities, such as those related to research, guidance, consulting, among others. In the absence of an institutional teacher training proposal, these teachers develop a process of self formation, seeking alternatives to their needs and challenges in relation to teaching and also research. It seems that the extension in the university is not its major concern and this is just another way of fragmentation and hierarchy of knowledge and practice in university. The concerns of trainers in order to support the understanding of specific knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, contextual knowledge and professional field should be part of a project for institutional strengthening of teaching in undergraduate and professional development of trainers.
Estudo das alterações no volume muscular, na função articular e na marcha de hemiparéticos crônicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-03)
Medeiros, Christiane Lanatovitz Prado
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Salvini, Tânia de Fátima
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7547226068281112
This work consists of two studies. The aim of the first study was to investigate quadriceps and hamstring muscle volumes and strength deficits of the knee extensors and flexors in people with chronic hemiparesis compared to a healthy group. Fifteen individuals with chronic stroke and fifteen healthy individuals took part in this study. Motor function, quadriceps and hamstring muscle volume (MV), and maximal concentric and eccentric contractions of the knee extensors and flexors were obtained. The quadriceps muscle showed a reduction in MV. The peak torque of the paretic and non paretic limbs knee extensors and flexors was reduced in both contraction modes and velocities. There were significant correlations between motor function and strength deficits. With regard to muscle mass, there was a difference between quadriceps and hamstring response. There was no disuse atrophy; however this did not prevent extensor torque reduction. The aim of the second study was to investigate the effects of ground level gait training combining body weight support (BWS) and functional electrical stimulation (FES). Twelve people following chronic stroke. An A1-B-A2 system was applied; A1 and A2 corresponded to ground level gait training using BWS, and B corresponded to the same training associated to FES. The analyzed variables were: mean walking speed of locomotion; step length; stride length, speed and duration; initial and final double support duration; single-limb support duration; swing period; range of motion (ROM), maximum and minimum angles of foot, leg, thigh, and trunk segments. Mean walking speed, stride length and speed increased. Regarding the ROMs, there was a significant increase for leg and thigh. There was not improvement in the variables measured during the FES phase. Ground level gait training using BWS was effective to improve some gait, and the association to FES did not provide any additional improvement in the measured parameters.
Análise sócio-espacial e conhecimento etnobotânico em uma comunidade quilombola no sudoeste de Goiás
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-03)
Silva, Jesiel Souza
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Ferraz, José Maria Gusman
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3851804858390996
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1262375754694269
Quilombos are the greatest symbols of resistance against the system of slavery that continued in the Brazilian territory for many years. Spread throughout the Brazilian territory these communities have created strategies model of survival against the hub and conservative land, and fight mainly to have their territory recognized and respected. In this context the community of Cedar, in southwest Goiás, is a community made up of descendants of former slaves and who recognize themselves as bearers of an identity based on the same origin and a common culture distinct from other groups surrounding. This paper seeks to show how this community of spatially established in a territory where there is predominance of monoculture and how to setup ethnobotanical knowledge in this area. We analyzed data from 25 family units, relating to housing, lifestyle, sociospatial training, health, education, values, culture, attitudes, opinions of the individuals interviewed and traditional knowledge regarding the use of medicinal plants, were mentioned 94 plant species used for medicinal purposes, and leaves the predominant part in the medications. This community maintains practices brought by their ancestors centuries. One reason for the intense relationship between this community and environment in which it operates is providing numerous resources that nature provides to this community and are essential for their survival and reproduction.
Conservação, germinação e efeitos alelopáticos de Lafoensia glyptocarpa Koehne
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-04)
Moraes, Luiza Paiva Silva de
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Perez, Sonia Cristina Juliano Gualtieri de Andrade
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973185407856723
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1995434984031143
The methodology of the accelerated aging test controlled deterioration to achieve the physiological quality of Lafoensia glyptocarpa Koehne seeds, separated into light and dark seeds, and to correlate if these seeds have their color due to different stages of maturation or whether the color is original phenotypic. The initial quality of the seeds was obtained through the tests of moisture content, conductivity and seedling emergence in greenhouse. The accelerated aging test was conducted at 40ºC during 24, 48, and 72 hours, using the traditional, NaCl saturated solution and controlled deterioration. The research was conducted in a completely randomized design. The saturated salt accelerated aging test and controlled deterioration was efficient for vigor evaluation of Lafoensia glyptocarpa Koehne seeds, and the period of 48hours at 40ºC was considered as the most adequate procedure to evaluate seed vigor levels, leading to the belief that colored seeds come from different stages of maturation.
Análise sistêmica das massas de tamponamento para altos-fornos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-05)
Ribeiro, Aloísio Simões
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Pandolfelli, Victor Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7369376873984839
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3511102682668805
The increase in the world steel production mainly observed in the last decade demanded a significant growth in the hot metal production through the blast furnace process. A key point in blast furnaces operation is related to the taphole mix used to plug the hole that is where the tapping is carried out. The taphole mix is a key aspect for the production flow of integrated mills because, in the blast furnaces, it is responsible to maintain a stable tapping, ensuring the supply of hot metal to the steelmaking, maintaining all stages of the crude steel plants in synchrony. The taphole mixes for blast furnace are very special products in the broad universe of refractory materials due to its complex chemistry composition, being applied in extreme conditions of temperature and demand. In this context, the literature and the technical aspects related to taphole mixes require a more comprehensive technical contribution, considering the influence of some additives on their properties. The aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of different raw materials and additives on the properties of taphole mixes related to their densification, adhesion and usinability features. The results of the tests were assessed according to the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method, which allows for the selection of the best formulation considering all the parameters involved.
Potencial alelopático de extratos aquosos de duas espécies de Gleicheniaceae sobre espécies infestantes de culturas e da bioindicadora Lactuca sativa L
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-05)
Voltarelli, Valquíria Marin
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Lima, Maria Inês Salgueiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2171993314203162
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2475606695695985
This work aims to determine through bioassays the allelopathic potential of aqueous extracts Gleichenella pectinata and Dicranopteris flexuosa adult and mature fronds in two physiological stages (fertile and sterile) over the percentage and average time of germination, besides initial growth of three species of crop weeds (Echinochloa crus-galli, Ipomoea grandifolia, Euphorbia heterophylla). Four aqueous treatments were made (0, 2,5 , 5 and 10%), with five replications. Each plot consisted of 30 seeds for germination tests and 10 seedlings for initial growth of root and hypocotyl / coleoptile. Root growth was the most sensitive parameter to G. pectinata and D. flexuosa allelochemicals, for the three target species. All extracts damaged root growth of target species, excepting the lower concentration of sterile fronds extracts over E. heterophylla. Sterile frond extracts caused a delay on E. crusgalli and E. heterophylla germination under concentrations 5 and 10%. The higher concentration of fertile frond extract decreased germination percentage of the three target species. All D. flexuosa extracts decreased root length of all target species. I. grandifolia was the most sensitive species due to D. flexuosa extracts, having showed decrease in all morphologic parameters. Both other target species also had their shoot part length growth suppressed under 5% and 10% concentrations. A soil experiment was also performed in order to verify the role of different treatments of D. flexuosa fronds on Lactuca sativa germination in presence or absence of microorganisms. Each treatment was tested with 4 lettuce seeds per vase, by 10 days with 6 replications. Treatments were tested in 6 periods of ten days each, related to the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th, 16th and 32nd days after treatments application. Light, moisture and temperature conditions were controlled. In general, non-sterilized substrates presented higher allelopathic effects over analyzed parameters. Among treatments, the pre-occupied soil exerted stronger effects, with inhibition of germination in non-sterilized, during the whole period of experiment. That must be an indicative of accumulated allelopathic substances under environmental conditions, and their prolonged effects.
Análise sistêmica dos fornos de cozimento de anodo para a indústria de alumínio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-05)
Tiba, Paulo Roberto Teruo
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Pandolfelli, Victor Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7369376873984839
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2522985758255838
The recent global economic crisis allied with the trend for sustainable companies and countries have meaningfully changed the aluminum area. Previously, the productivity was the main focus of the metal producer and no concern regarding the impact of this activity in the environment was considered. Nowadays, the search for low metal production cost, the reduction of residues and energy-saving aspects are the driving-force for the companies’ competitiveness increase. In this sense, the materials research can be an additional tool as providing new technologies and improvements to the metal production process. Therefore, a systemic analysis was performed for anode baking furnaces considering the dense refractory materials, the post mortem analysis, the insulating materials and the heat transfer. The results attained for the mechanical and thermomechanical characterization of the dense refractories led to insights for the furnace maintenance cost reduction, such as the choice of high performance compositions and the frequent chemical control of both, fluid coke and green anode. Additionally, this work allowed better commercial inputs for the aluminum producer due to the technical development of new refractory suppliers. Regarding the insulating materials and the heat flow, alternatives for energy-saving were visualized, highlighting the use of an insulating blanket on the upper part of the furnace. As a conclusion of this work, the correlation between refractory, energy, sustainability and productivity was better understood for anode baking furnaces, besides the development of novel actions for the aluminum company in order to improve its competitiveness.
Concepções de educação ambiental e perspectivas pedagógicas de professoras do ensino fundamental e as potencialidades do Pólo Ecológico de São Carlos (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-06)
Iared, Valéria Ghisloti
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Oliveira, Haydée Torres de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5458113597909705
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1273203310250467
Since 1970´s, in Brazil, a series of educational proposals have incorporated activities related to environmental issues among then outdoor activities in natural spaces. However, we consider that most of those activities don´t take full advantage of its educational potential, both in order to explore all the contributions that the ecology field can offer, or to work with social mobilization and the formation of values. Moreover, it is relevant to identify how primary school teachers deal with three spheres of the educational practice (knowledge, ethical and aesthetics values, and participation) that we consider inseparable in an effective environmental education work. To investigate if the units of the São Carlos Ecological Pole (Pólo Ecológico de São Carlos) are educating spaces that contribute to the understanding of the complexity of environmental issues, and stimulate a sense of belonging and social responsibility, we interviewed primary school teachers who had accompanied visits to these places, people who are involved or have been involved with environmental education (EE) in these spaces, and followed guided tours in all units of the Ecological Pole. To present the results, we chose to discuss them in two stages: Moment I: analysis of all collected material trying to define what each unit of the Ecological Pole can offer, based on 21 listed parameters that are consistent with a critical perspective of EE and Moment II: an analysis of teachers´ interviews aiming to relate the different trends in environmental education conception and educational perspective. Regarding the Moment I, we have identified that the activities of EE in the Pole units can address issues that contemplate the three dimensions of educational practice. This brings up the idea that the issues involve more than one subject, which is consistent with our view that it is up to the EE to unveil the complexity of environmental issues. When we look at each site independent of each other, we realize that many parameters are not dealt with, but when considering the sum of these parameters, we observe that all are identified. This shows the importance of an EE that is permanent and continuous inter and transdisciplinary, requiring partnerships between multiple instances to be viable. The connectivity between the Pole units in a coordinated action would increase each unit´s actions. Therefore, we reinforce the idea that the integration of these units would yield a more thorough EE work. There are certain parameters that are still not addressed frequently. Thus, we envisage a permanent and articulated EE so that other issues, on occasions other than during these visits, can be discussed and reflected upon. For the Moment II analisys, we considered three perspectives of educational trends and three EE conceptual tendencies. We noticed the coexistence of several trends in the same speech, which indicates that the school is reflective and reflects the transition of paradigms through which society in general is going through, and hence the knowledge production in the EE field. From this evidence, we believe that the institutionalization of EE among different groups and social sectors can make the challenge of greening a less arduous task for the school. We identified that the EE actions, both at school and in field activities, do not incorporate all the points that deserve to be addressed in regard to the complexity of environmental issues. The results of this research show how an cross, permanent and continuous EE is a decisive factor for the realization of its principles and objectives.
Avaliação de deformidades morfológicas em larvas de Chironomus (Diptera, Chironomidae) na bacia do rio Piracicaba e sua aplicação no biomonitoramento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-06)
Bonani, Fabiana
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Gessner, Alaíde Aparecida Fonseca
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8465752836529703
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2018531670661947
The Piracicaba river basin is considered one of the most polluted in the state of São Paulo. It is located in a region with high population density in addition to great development of agribusiness and chemical, textiles, metals, electronics, automotive and paper industries. The objective of this study was to analyze the incidence of morphological deformities in the mentum of Chironomus larvae of this basin, especially in the basin of Quilombo stream. Physical and chemical analysis were performed in water and sediment, ecotoxicological and mutagenicity tests and analysis of the benthic community at ten sampling sites in August 2007. The influence of domestic sewage in the sampling sites was evidenced by analysis of surface and bottom water, which in general, gave results outside the limits established by CONAMA Resolution 357/2005. In the sediment it was detected the presence of metals and PAHs at higher concentrations than the limits established by CONAMA Resolution 344/04, besides the acute toxicity to Chironomus sancticaroli and Hyalella azteca larvae. The best environmental condition for the benthic community was observed in Jacuba stream and Piracicaba river, upstream of the Quilombo stream, which corresponds to the most preserved area. The major incidence of morphological deformities in the mentum of Chironomus evaluated in sediment samples were observed at two points located in the Piracicaba river (Points 2 and 3), downstream of the Quilombo stream, with 25.3% and 36.3% of deformities, respectively, and the lack of teeth was the most common type of deformity. In terms of environmental quality, Chironomus larvae collected in vegetation offered an additional parameter for some sites, because the sediment offered no significant number of larvae. In most of sampling sites it was not observed a direct correlation between the frequency of gross deformities and the level of contaminants, with the exception of zinc. It is suggested the value of 2% for the limit of natural incidence of deformities in non-impacted environments. Further investigations should be conducted in reference sites in the country, with the objective to include this variable in monitoring programs of environmental quality.
Algodão branco e colorido cultivado no sistema orgânico com plantio direto em diferentes coberturas de solo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-06)
Arantes, Eurípedes Maximiano
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Margarido, Luiz Antonio Correia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5685663057214334
Considered as alternative management more appropriate for tropical conditions, the no-tillage system can follow the principles of organic agriculture and contribute to the evolution and sustainability of organic cotton production systems. In order to generate usage information about soil covering plants for white and colored cotton fibers production in the organic system with no-tillage, an experiment was conducted in the farming years 2006/07 and 2007/08 in Cáceres-MT, with randomized block design, treatments disposed in scheme of split plots and four replicates. In the plots, were evaluated soil coverage consisting of crop residues of Estilozobium aterrimum, Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformes, Crotalaria juncea, Pennisetum glaucum cv ADR 300, Sorghum bicolor cv BRS 307, mixture of species used, spontaneous vegetation and exposed soil. In the sub plots were evaluated upland cotton cultivars BRS ITAUBA (white) and CNPA AMT 19 (brown) in no-tillage on the crop residues of the soil covering plants cultivated in pre-planting. The plant coverage produces phytomass in sufficient quantities for adequate soil coverage. The Estilozobium aterrimum, in a general manner, shows greater extraction capacity and accumulation of nutrients, high lighting the potential cycling of nitrogen and phosphorus, while Pennisetum glaucum and Crotalaria show, respectively, greater potential cycling of potassium and magnesium. The crop residues of Canavalia ensiformes, spontaneous vegetation and Crotalaria provide low persistence coverage, while Pennisetum glaucum residues and Cajanus cajan provide more persistent coverage. During the process of residues decomposition, the nutrients following this descending order of release: K > P > N = S > Mg > Ca, being the potassium the nutrient with faster release and subject to losses. The Estilozobium aterrimum shows greater weed suppression capacity, showing potential for use in production system without application of herbicides, in contrast with the low suppression capacity of Pennisetum glaucum plants and spontaneous vegetation. The contribution of plant coverage residues promote on the surface layer of soil increases in values of attributes pH, MOS, P, K, Ca, Mg, V e CTC. The coverage does not influence the characteristics of fibers, but exerts significant effects on agronomic characteristics and productivity of cotton. The highest yield occurs in straws of Crotalaria juncea, Canavalia ensiformes, Estilozobium aterrimum and mixture of species. The cotton cultivars of brown fiber (CNPA AMT 19) shows productivity and quality of fiber lower than the cultivars of white fiber (BRS ITAÚBA), however has fibers with characteristics that meet the standards required by the textile industry.
Lobby: uma revisão crítica da literatura brasileira (1994-2007)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-06)
Marinello, Rita de Cássia Laude
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Noronha, Eduardo Garuti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6908348693613769
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8246054631389764
This essay is a critic review about the term lobby in Brazil. The redemocratization and the Federal Constitution, wich accured in the early decades of 1980, the studies about politics were worried about the mechanism, working and the efficacy from the politics institutions. From this way, the studies about interested groups, pressure groups and the lobby are dated from 1994 to 2007. In this work, these are two most important discussions: (a) the lack of scientific searching from Brazilian winters, means, the necessity to discus a better conception between groups in a common interested, pressure groups and the lobby to procure an empiric searching without failures; (b) the matter of don´t make use from the north-american lobby model in Brazil for the reason of each country has difference means for social matters, economy, culture, history and politics. Even with the studies about lobby in Brazil, also, there was the bibliographic analyses exposed by the collective action of Mancur Olson. The importance of democracy and the pluralism of developed organized and the grammar of Brazilian politics.
Acessibilidade aos pontos de ônibus : estudo de caso em São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-06)
Antunes, Juliana Carmo
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Sanches, Suely da Penha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3857424839674606
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7843517764800624
This work is the result of a research which subject is the accessibility to public transit at medium cities, being the case study applied at São Carlos-SP and its structures of access to the urban public transportation. It is an applied research, which aims to generate knowledge related to transportation and urban mobility studies. Taking into consideration aspects of exploratory and quantitative natures, it aims to provide familiarity to walking and pedestrian issues, and its relationship to public transit traveling. The finding results bring the main transit user s characteristics, and indicate the security issue as the one of most perception and relevance to people s choice, indicating that the creation of accessible routes is not related only to aspects of walking path, but also to urban design and social dynamics.
Determinação experimental da força de adesão entre partículas e meios filtrantes constituídos de celulose
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-07)
Faustino, Patrícia Brígida
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Aguiar, Mônica Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6807169442685729
The influence of particle size, compression velocity, and of the material constituting the substrate on adhesion force between particle and substrate was investigated in this study. The centrifuge technique was applied for compression velocities (press-on) of 500, 1000, and 1500 rpm and detachment velocity (spin-off) of 500 to 14000 rpm. A microcentrifuge (MA 860, Marconi Equipamentos) of maximum rotational velocity of 1400 rpm was used during trials. The velocity of the centrifuge promoted the compression (press-on) and the detachment (spin-off) of particles on the surface of the substrate. Two tubes made of aluminum were placed in the rotor of the microcentrifuge to hold the adapters also made of aluminum. The adapters worked as supports for the substrate containing the particles of the particulate matter. After compression and after each decompression, pictures of the surface of the substrate containing the particles were taken and each image was analyzed in an image analysis program (Image-Pro Plus 6.0) in order to count adhered and detached particles. When it comes to evaluating the influence of particle-substrate adhesion force by using the centrifuge technique, phosphate concentrate (ρp=3.18 g.cm-3) was used as particulate matter. The diameter ranges studied for the particulate matter were of 9 22; 22,1 40; 40,1 54 and 54,1 77 μm. A cellulose filter paper and a cellulose ester membrane were used as substrate. The phosphate concentrate particles were pressed against the surface of the paper filter and of the membrane individually with help of the centrifuge at specific compression centrifuge velocities and, afterwards, the adhesion profile was determined. It was observed that the adhesion force increased with an increase in rotational velocity of the centrifuge applied in the compression and with an increase in particle size of the particulate matter. It was also verified that the adhesion force between the phosphate concentrate particles and the paper filter was higher than that of the membrane, which led to the conclusion that the structural arrangement of filter media had an influence on the detachment process of particles, consequently influencing on adhesion force value.
Professores negros, experiências de discriminação, de racismo e pedagogias anti-racistas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-07)
Machado, Lúcia Helena de Assis
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Silva, Petronilha Beatriz Gonçalves e
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0802503359567533
The presente work has a objective the a analysis by the memory and telling of personal and professional experiences of discriminations and racism lived by eight black teachers, for through them to understand the position accepted by the same teachers up against the racial question, or in the school circle or out of it. It also analizes how the discriminatitory experiences contribute in bigger or smaller grade for these teachers build anti-racism strategies or educations with the object to finish with the racial discrimination and prejudice. The position of the teachers varied between a combative position of fight, silence, refuse, face in the personal circle till the build of strategies, even if in the individual fighter field of discrimination.
Potencial alelopático de macrófitas aquáticas e a influência dos fatores ambientais na sua distribuição em um estuário cego
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-07)
Takao, Leandro Kenji
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Lima, Maria Inês Salgueiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2171993314203162
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9030693363195106
Tropical blind estuaries have a flooding regime that exposes the flora to extreme changes in environmental conditions. Salinity and flooding seem to be the major factors influencing vegetal species distribution in these environments. Aquatic macrophytes are one of the most productive communities and through their metabolism are able to influence aquatic ecosystem. Allelopathic interactions are among the factors that affect phytosociology and are increased under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. The allelopathic potential has been explored for its application as natural herbicide in weed species control. The aim of our study was to evaluate salinity and flooding influence on species distribution, diversity and richness. We also studied and compared allelopathic properties of aquatic macrophyte species and their possible application to inhibit weeds. For this, we studied the macrophytes´ community and its relation with abiotic variables (flooding and salinity) in Massaguaçu River tropical estuary, located in Caraguatuba-SP. We found 54 macrophyte species belonging to 27 families in this environment. The distribution of these species seems to be related to flooding regime and salinity. Species diversity and richness vary with flooding time but not with salinity. Vegetation presents a sequence of heterogeneous communities through saline gradient and flooding categories. Thereby, Massaguaçu River estuary is defined as a double ecocline: lengthwise (between freshwater and seawater) and lateral (between terrestrial and aquatic habitats). We noticed several species with allelopathic potential over lettuce, a bioindicator species, in laboratory experiments with different inhibition potentials. Then, we found significative inhibitory effects of Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet extracts on the germination and early development of weed species: B. pilosa, E. crusgalli, E. heterophylla e I. grandifolia. Our results help to understand tropical blind estuarine environment and its floristic compositon, characterizing their vegetable populations, distribution and potential to be explored as an alternative to synthetic herbicides.
O papel dos receptores 5-HT3 da amídala na modulação da ansiedade em camundongos expostos ao labirinto em cruz elevado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-07)
Laine, Letícia
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Souza, Azair Liane Matos do Canto de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2352004564367849
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2611147467634592
Aversive situations may activate the serotonergic system, which, in turn, emit projections to structures involved in the defense mechanisms such as: septum, hypothalamus, hippocampus, periaqueductal gray and amygdala, producing behavioral alterations that can be characterized as anxiety. Various studies have related the 5-HT3 receptor functions to anxiety-like behaviors. However, serotonin (5-HT) presents a dual role in this modulation. The elevated plus-maze (EPM), based on the rodents natural aversion to open spaces, is one of the most widely employed models used to study anxiety in rodents. Thus, this study investigates the effects of an agonist and an antagonist of 5-HT3 receptors, mCPBG and ondansetron, respectively, on mice exposed to the EPM. Conventional anxiety measures (percentage of open arms entries and percentage of open arms time), locomotor activity (frequency of closed arms entries) and ethological measures related to the risk assessment were registered. The results demonstrated that, in experiments 1 and 2, the intra-amygdala injections of ondansetron (0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 nmol/0.1Ql) and mCPBG (10 and 20 nmol/0.1Ql), produced a decrease and increase, respectively, of the indices of anxiety in mice evaluated on the EPM. In experiment 3, the local ondansetron injection (0.03 nmol/0.1Ql), was able of reverting the anxiogenic effect caused by the mCPBG (10 nmol/0.1Ql). Taken together, these results suggest that the modulation of the 5-HT3 amygdala receptors for the 5-HT receptors in mice, may display an anxiogenic role.