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Avaliação de deformidades morfológicas em larvas de Chironomus (Diptera, Chironomidae) na bacia do rio Piracicaba e sua aplicação no biomonitoramento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-06) Bonani, Fabiana; Gessner, Alaíde Aparecida Fonseca; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8465752836529703; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2018531670661947
The Piracicaba river basin is considered one of the most polluted in the state of São Paulo. It is located in a region with high population density in addition to great development of agribusiness and chemical, textiles, metals, electronics, automotive and paper industries. The objective of this study was to analyze the incidence of morphological deformities in the mentum of Chironomus larvae of this basin, especially in the basin of Quilombo stream. Physical and chemical analysis were performed in water and sediment, ecotoxicological and mutagenicity tests and analysis of the benthic community at ten sampling sites in August 2007. The influence of domestic sewage in the sampling sites was evidenced by analysis of surface and bottom water, which in general, gave results outside the limits established by CONAMA Resolution 357/2005. In the sediment it was detected the presence of metals and PAHs at higher concentrations than the limits established by CONAMA Resolution 344/04, besides the acute toxicity to Chironomus sancticaroli and Hyalella azteca larvae. The best environmental condition for the benthic community was observed in Jacuba stream and Piracicaba river, upstream of the Quilombo stream, which corresponds to the most preserved area. The major incidence of morphological deformities in the mentum of Chironomus evaluated in sediment samples were observed at two points located in the Piracicaba river (Points 2 and 3), downstream of the Quilombo stream, with 25.3% and 36.3% of deformities, respectively, and the lack of teeth was the most common type of deformity. In terms of environmental quality, Chironomus larvae collected in vegetation offered an additional parameter for some sites, because the sediment offered no significant number of larvae. In most of sampling sites it was not observed a direct correlation between the frequency of gross deformities and the level of contaminants, with the exception of zinc. It is suggested the value of 2% for the limit of natural incidence of deformities in non-impacted environments. Further investigations should be conducted in reference sites in the country, with the objective to include this variable in monitoring programs of environmental quality.
Algodão branco e colorido cultivado no sistema orgânico com plantio direto em diferentes coberturas de solo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-06) Arantes, Eurípedes Maximiano; Margarido, Luiz Antonio Correia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5685663057214334
Considered as alternative management more appropriate for tropical conditions, the no-tillage system can follow the principles of organic agriculture and contribute to the evolution and sustainability of organic cotton production systems. In order to generate usage information about soil covering plants for white and colored cotton fibers production in the organic system with no-tillage, an experiment was conducted in the farming years 2006/07 and 2007/08 in Cáceres-MT, with randomized block design, treatments disposed in scheme of split plots and four replicates. In the plots, were evaluated soil coverage consisting of crop residues of Estilozobium aterrimum, Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformes, Crotalaria juncea, Pennisetum glaucum cv ADR 300, Sorghum bicolor cv BRS 307, mixture of species used, spontaneous vegetation and exposed soil. In the sub plots were evaluated upland cotton cultivars BRS ITAUBA (white) and CNPA AMT 19 (brown) in no-tillage on the crop residues of the soil covering plants cultivated in pre-planting. The plant coverage produces phytomass in sufficient quantities for adequate soil coverage. The Estilozobium aterrimum, in a general manner, shows greater extraction capacity and accumulation of nutrients, high lighting the potential cycling of nitrogen and phosphorus, while Pennisetum glaucum and Crotalaria show, respectively, greater potential cycling of potassium and magnesium. The crop residues of Canavalia ensiformes, spontaneous vegetation and Crotalaria provide low persistence coverage, while Pennisetum glaucum residues and Cajanus cajan provide more persistent coverage. During the process of residues decomposition, the nutrients following this descending order of release: K > P > N = S > Mg > Ca, being the potassium the nutrient with faster release and subject to losses. The Estilozobium aterrimum shows greater weed suppression capacity, showing potential for use in production system without application of herbicides, in contrast with the low suppression capacity of Pennisetum glaucum plants and spontaneous vegetation. The contribution of plant coverage residues promote on the surface layer of soil increases in values of attributes pH, MOS, P, K, Ca, Mg, V e CTC. The coverage does not influence the characteristics of fibers, but exerts significant effects on agronomic characteristics and productivity of cotton. The highest yield occurs in straws of Crotalaria juncea, Canavalia ensiformes, Estilozobium aterrimum and mixture of species. The cotton cultivars of brown fiber (CNPA AMT 19) shows productivity and quality of fiber lower than the cultivars of white fiber (BRS ITAÚBA), however has fibers with characteristics that meet the standards required by the textile industry.
Lobby: uma revisão crítica da literatura brasileira (1994-2007)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-06) Marinello, Rita de Cássia Laude; Noronha, Eduardo Garuti; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6908348693613769; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8246054631389764
This essay is a critic review about the term lobby in Brazil. The redemocratization and the Federal Constitution, wich accured in the early decades of 1980, the studies about politics were worried about the mechanism, working and the efficacy from the politics institutions. From this way, the studies about interested groups, pressure groups and the lobby are dated from 1994 to 2007. In this work, these are two most important discussions: (a) the lack of scientific searching from Brazilian winters, means, the necessity to discus a better conception between groups in a common interested, pressure groups and the lobby to procure an empiric searching without failures; (b) the matter of don´t make use from the north-american lobby model in Brazil for the reason of each country has difference means for social matters, economy, culture, history and politics. Even with the studies about lobby in Brazil, also, there was the bibliographic analyses exposed by the collective action of Mancur Olson. The importance of democracy and the pluralism of developed organized and the grammar of Brazilian politics.
Acessibilidade aos pontos de ônibus : estudo de caso em São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-06) Antunes, Juliana Carmo; Sanches, Suely da Penha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3857424839674606; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7843517764800624
This work is the result of a research which subject is the accessibility to public transit at medium cities, being the case study applied at São Carlos-SP and its structures of access to the urban public transportation. It is an applied research, which aims to generate knowledge related to transportation and urban mobility studies. Taking into consideration aspects of exploratory and quantitative natures, it aims to provide familiarity to walking and pedestrian issues, and its relationship to public transit traveling. The finding results bring the main transit user s characteristics, and indicate the security issue as the one of most perception and relevance to people s choice, indicating that the creation of accessible routes is not related only to aspects of walking path, but also to urban design and social dynamics.
Concepções de educação ambiental e perspectivas pedagógicas de professoras do ensino fundamental e as potencialidades do Pólo Ecológico de São Carlos (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-06) Iared, Valéria Ghisloti; Oliveira, Haydée Torres de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5458113597909705; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1273203310250467
Since 1970´s, in Brazil, a series of educational proposals have incorporated activities related to environmental issues among then outdoor activities in natural spaces. However, we consider that most of those activities don´t take full advantage of its educational potential, both in order to explore all the contributions that the ecology field can offer, or to work with social mobilization and the formation of values. Moreover, it is relevant to identify how primary school teachers deal with three spheres of the educational practice (knowledge, ethical and aesthetics values, and participation) that we consider inseparable in an effective environmental education work. To investigate if the units of the São Carlos Ecological Pole (Pólo Ecológico de São Carlos) are educating spaces that contribute to the understanding of the complexity of environmental issues, and stimulate a sense of belonging and social responsibility, we interviewed primary school teachers who had accompanied visits to these places, people who are involved or have been involved with environmental education (EE) in these spaces, and followed guided tours in all units of the Ecological Pole. To present the results, we chose to discuss them in two stages: Moment I: analysis of all collected material trying to define what each unit of the Ecological Pole can offer, based on 21 listed parameters that are consistent with a critical perspective of EE and Moment II: an analysis of teachers´ interviews aiming to relate the different trends in environmental education conception and educational perspective. Regarding the Moment I, we have identified that the activities of EE in the Pole units can address issues that contemplate the three dimensions of educational practice. This brings up the idea that the issues involve more than one subject, which is consistent with our view that it is up to the EE to unveil the complexity of environmental issues. When we look at each site independent of each other, we realize that many parameters are not dealt with, but when considering the sum of these parameters, we observe that all are identified. This shows the importance of an EE that is permanent and continuous inter and transdisciplinary, requiring partnerships between multiple instances to be viable. The connectivity between the Pole units in a coordinated action would increase each unit´s actions. Therefore, we reinforce the idea that the integration of these units would yield a more thorough EE work. There are certain parameters that are still not addressed frequently. Thus, we envisage a permanent and articulated EE so that other issues, on occasions other than during these visits, can be discussed and reflected upon. For the Moment II analisys, we considered three perspectives of educational trends and three EE conceptual tendencies. We noticed the coexistence of several trends in the same speech, which indicates that the school is reflective and reflects the transition of paradigms through which society in general is going through, and hence the knowledge production in the EE field. From this evidence, we believe that the institutionalization of EE among different groups and social sectors can make the challenge of greening a less arduous task for the school. We identified that the EE actions, both at school and in field activities, do not incorporate all the points that deserve to be addressed in regard to the complexity of environmental issues. The results of this research show how an cross, permanent and continuous EE is a decisive factor for the realization of its principles and objectives.