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Tutoria para alunos com baixo aproveitamento acadêmico e o desenvolvimento de cognições e estratégias de leitura e escrita
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-21) Buzetti, Miryan Cristina; Rose, Tânia Maria Santana de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3077411745176722
Studies have identified a set of teaching conditions associated with tutoring effectiveness focused in book reading for preventing the writing and reading failuse as a form of supporting teaching to regular education. In this study was sought to 1) to verify the connection between the education condition offered in a tutoring focused in the book reading and education conditions associated to reading skills and writing improvements; 2)evaluate the tutoring effects on reading and writing skills on students whit low achievement in early literacy from data on performance throughout the tutoring sessions and the performance presented on evaluated tasks by specific assessment tools applied at the beginning, intermediate and final stage of the intervention; 3) describing the progress of reading strategies used by students. The participants were four students in the same second grade class of public elementary school, they were selected due to the low reading and writing achievements. During 17 weeks in a semester, the students attended 3 tutoring weekly sessions around 30 minutes each. In each session the interaction between the tutor and the student was directed in order to make possible for the students to have the commitment in a book presentation which isn´t still familiar made by the tutor, independent reading made by the student of a familiar book and a non familiar one, the involvement in activities for the recognition of letters, syllables and words, speaking and writing sentences and stories, decomposition and recomposition of sentences and stories. The results allow us to conclude the teaching conditions offered responded satisfactorily to the guidelines predict by the experts and professionals who work with tutoring focused in reading. Is was verified the tutor had a previous training to conduct the reading and writing activities in the tutoring sessions. Performing as a supporter in a students learning, encourage the student´s strengths in terms of reading and writing for each student, and systematically made adjustments that me the specific difficulties of each student, helped the students to read accurately through the use of suitable books to the level of difficulty of each student. Regarding to the effects on the students, the results indicate a substantial increase in the percentage correct reading of words and texts, writing dictated words and in the use of appropriate reading strategies such as self-correction and search for meaning. The teacher´s report about the students achievement in the classroom indicate a recognition of the reading an writing students improvement due to the support provide by tutoring.
Diversidade genética e filogeografia das espécies Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794) e Prochilodus lacustris Steindachner, 1907 no Nordeste do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-21) Piorski, Nivaldo Magalhães; Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7220575466585169
The State of Maranhão is considered as a transitional area between northeastern semiarid and amazonian rainforest. Various perennial rivers such as the rivers Parnaíba, Itapecuru, Mearim, Pindaré and Gurupi are found in Maranhão. Distribution patterns analysis indicated the region as an endemism area for Neotropical freshwater fishes. However, only few studies have been performed in the region. Therefore the relationships between the hidrographic set and the respective neighbour areas are not fully comprehended. One complication is the insufficient cientific knowledge about the endemism level in the region due to insufficient establishment of taxonomic bounds for several species in the area. This study examines the hypothesis that freshwater fishes from Maranhão rivers are valid taxonomic unities, and whether its hydrographic set can be considered as an endemism area for Neotropical fishes. The study is focused on the analsis of genetic differentiation of Hoplias malabaricus and Prochilodus lacustris. The geographic variation of H. malabaricus was studied using sequences of the DNAmt control region as well by geometric morphometrics. Besides the mitochondrial marker, the variation analyses of P. lacustris employed sequences of the S7 intron 1. Both species exhibited high genetic variability which may be related to its own ecological features. The genetic diversity of H. malabaricus, a sedentary species, is influenced by drainage architeture. On the other hand, the migratory behavior of P. lacustris and the results obtained had suggested that the variability found was influenced by historical factors. Because the most resolution of the P. lacustris data, the molecular clock hypothesis was tested and divergence times between populations sampled were estimated. These estimates matching with geological informations enabled us to identify several putative events that may play an important role in differentiation of the maranhense ichthyofauna. Under the taxonomic point of view, the hypothesis that H. malabaricus is a species complex was reinforced and the analyses suggested that putative criptic species occur in the region. The P. lacustris specimens constitute a taxonomic unit, but did not support the hypothesis that the species is endemic for the Parnaíba and Mearim rivers. Considering these results, we suggest that the most closely indication of endemism areas could be the ecoregions established by Secretaria de Recursos Hídricos from Ministério do Meio Ambiente.
Influência da nanoargila no envelhecimento higrotérmico de compósitos de polipropileno / PP maleado / fibra de vidro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-21) Motezuki, Joice Erica; Sousa, José Alexandrino de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7737833809468759; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0763843840252541
In short glass fiber (GF) reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites, despite of the chemically inert and non-polar nature of the matrix, the fiber-matrix interfacial integrity may be compromised in a hygrothermal active environment by the addition of maleic anhydride (MAH) molecules of the interfacial compatibilizer (PP-g-MAH). The use of organophilic nanoclay particles (O-MMT, Cloisite 20A) could contribute to minimize this hygrothermal deterioration, due to its moisture barrier properties. So, the main goal of this study was to analyze the influence of O-MMT on the long-term mechanical performance of PP/PP-g-MAH/GF composites under hygrothermal ageing. Several PP composite formulations with constant GF content (40wt%) and varying concentrations of nanoclay (0.5; 1; 2; and 5wt%) were compounded in a corotating twin-screw extruder. The degree of nanoclay particles intercalation/exfoliation was characterized by X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and SEM/TEM microscopy analysis. Short-term mechanical characterization was carried out through standard tensile and Izod impact tests on injection moulded specimen. From this results, certain specimen were subjected to hygrothermal ageing in hot water at 80 ºC for 240/480/720 hours and the evolution of the hygrothermal deterioration was monitored by tensile tests. The increasing O-MMT content in unaged PP/PP-g-MAH/40%GF composites had an unexpected negative influence on short-term mechanical properties. Mechanical damping data indicated higher Tan  values for the ternary composite (PP/PP-g-MAH/40%GF/2%O-MMT), in comparison to the binary composite (PP/PP-g-MAH/40%FV), demonstrating deleterious effect of O-MMT on the fiber-polymer interfacial adhesion. SEM microscopy analysis of cryofractured surfaces were decisive for visual elucidation of the erosive action of O-MMT particles on the GF sizing treatment. Consequently, the relative tensile strength (TS) of the hygrothermally aged composite, with respect to that of the unaged composite (TSenv./TSn-env.), indicated that the addition of nanoclay in the ternary composite contributed to a higher deterioration of the long-term mechanical performance of GF-reinforced PP composites.