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Análises espectral e simbólica da modulação autonômica cardíaca em repouso e em resposta à mudança postural de idosos saudáveis: comparação entre gêneros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-26)
Perseguini, Natália Maria
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Catai, Aparecida Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801652590531684
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4760699117769332
The dissertation consisted of two works. The objective of the first study was to use linear and non-linear methods to investigate the cardiac autonomic modulation in elderly men and women in response to a postural change from the supine to the standing position. Fourteen men (66 ± 3.5 years) and ten women (65 ± 3.3 years) who did not use hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) were evaluated. All volunteers were apparently healthy. The RR intervals (RRi) and the beat-to-beat heart rate (HR) were recorded in the supine and standing positions. The HR variability (HRV) was studied by spectral analysis: low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) in absolute units (LF and HF) and normalized units (LFun and HFun) as well as the low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio. Symbolic analysis (0V%, 1V%, 2LV% and 2ULV% indexes) and Shannon entropy were also calculated for the HRV analysis. Men presented higher LF, LFnu and LF/HF ratio, and lower HFnu and 1V% symbolic index when compared to women in the supine position. Shannon entropy was higher among men than among women in the standing position. During the postural change there were a decrease in LF and an increase in Shannon entropy in the men s group. There was an increase in LFnu and LH/HF ratio as well as a decrease in HF, HFnu and 2LV% symbolic index due to the postural change from supine to standing position in the women s group. In conclusion, women presented a more appropriate response to the postural change than men in the age range studied, showing that the cardiac autonomic modulation may be better preserved in women than in men. Similarly, the objective of the second study was to investigate the HR autonomic modulation in elderly men and women HRT users and no-users by linear and nonlinear methods. So, 15 men (66 ± 3.4 years), 13 women without HRT (64 ± 3.5 years) and 7 women HRT users (61 ± 2.1 years), all of them apparently healthy, were evaluated. The RRi and the beat-to-beat HR were recorded in the supine position. The data analysis was carried out on the same methods described in the first study. The cardiac autonomic modulation analysis in the supine position shows that the women without HRT presented higher HFnu and lower LFnu, LF/HF ratio and 0V% symbolic index when compared to the men. No differences were observed in the comparison between the women who used and did not use HRT. We concluded that the women without HRT seem to have a higher cardiac vagal modulation and a lower cardiac sympathetic modulation when compared to the men. The use of HRT may not offer advantages to the cardiac autonomic modulation in elderly women.
Assimilação por bactérias do carbono e nitrogênio provenientes da matéria orgânica excretada e celular de Planktothrix agardhii
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-26)
Tessarolli, Letícia Piton
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Vieira, Armando Augusto Henriques
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4428377384377272
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4024406734152899
The cyanobacterium Planktothrix agardhii is an important organism for the dynamics of Barra Bonita reservoir due to recurrent blooms throughout the year. However, there are still few published data on the dynamics of polysaccharides degradation and nitrogenous compounds excreted by the cells, as well as the way this process, and the compounds available, may affect the diversity and abundance of the bacterial community. This study aimed, therefore, to determine the feasibility of the released organic matter and cell biomass of cyanobacteria as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen for bacteria. Two similar experiments were performed: one using the dissolved organic matter (DOM) released by P. agardhii as a substrate for the establishment of a community from an inoculum from Barra Bonita reservoir and the second using cellular biomass of cyanobacteria as a substrate. Analysis of carbon and nitrogen, dissolved and particulate, provided the adjustment of a decay kinetic model, while counting and analysis of bacterial morphotypes, along with Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE), were used to establish a possible process of bacterial succession by using these substrates. The settings in the kinetic model showed two phases of degradation for both nitrogen and organic carbon: first, a rapid phase, during the first three days of degradation, followed by a slower phase of degradation. The degradation coefficients of the first phase (kT) reached values up to 60x higher than those determined for the second phase of mineralization (k3). Our values for residual compounds are in agreement with published data on the reservoir, and may have ecological implications for the possibility of export to downstream areas. Bacterial concentrations in number and total biovolume of the samples provided a curve with a peak in the second and third days of experimental culture, followed by a decline, more pronounced in curves of biovolume due to the continuing reduction in the average value per bacterial cell found in cultures. The analysis of morphotypes showed no significant differences through time in cultures with DOM, however, in cultures with bacterial biomass, a reduction in the concentration of bacilli may be observed, with a consequent increase in the concentration of coccobacilli and cocci. A preliminary analysis of the DGGE showed changes in patterns of bands produced between days 1, 3 and 5 in both experiments, which may be indicative of a succession process in these cultures. The use of these sources of carbon and nitrogen by bacteria proved therefore feasible to maintain the bacterial community and a possible succession process has been suggested.
Perfil dos cursos de formação de professores dos programas de licenciatura em química das instituições públicas de ensino superior da região nordeste do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-28)
Marques, Clara Virginia Vieira Carvalho Oliveira
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Ferreira, Luiz Henrique
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4819009378941531
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0504326528660511
This study aimed to determine the profile of Chemistry´s courses of Public Institutions of higher education in Brazilian Northeastern, referencing the current educational paradigms and also the legal guidelines regarding processes teacher training governed by the Brazilian education. We attempted to trace the identity of these courses through the perspectives of the adequacy of legal issues and adequacy of the regional reality, understanding the concepts and interactions between faculty and students in the process of training teachers of Chemistry. The methodology was based on the qualitative research structuration, using documentary analysis and content analysis of semi-structured interviews and questionnaires, which were treated under the scheme of the methodology of systemic networks. We studied the Political Pedagogical Project and the Curriculum Matrix for 16 courses in Chemistry from the Northeast, as well as the content analysis of interviews with coordinators and teachers and questionnaires to a graduating students sample. The results showed that the courses are seeking to effect their adequacy, however, was identified a marked segmentation between the training areas of chemical knowledge and pedagogical and still prevailing the model of teacher training based on technical rationality. The Internship and Supervised Practice Component Course as were the dimensions that showed the greatest inconsistencies in the change process suggested by current law. Therefore, the profile of studied courses is not yet equal to that recommended in the new Brazilian education paradigms for teacher training.
Utilização da borracha natural no desenvolvimento de elastômeros termoplásticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-28)
Rojas, Galia Johanna Alzate
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Pessan, Luiz Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8276650236213537
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0771017207165419
Dynamic vulcanization is a process of vulcanization of an elastomer during melt mixing with a thermoplastic. This process results in an elastomeric alloy material with the properties of a conventional thermoset rubber, but which can be processed as a conventional thermoplastic. In this study, thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) based on natural rubber (NR)/polyprolylene (PP) with various blend ratios were prepared. The TPEs was obtained by dynamic vulcanization of NR/PP using a sulphur (S)/N-tert-butyl-2- benzothiazolesulphenamide (TBBS) and tetramethylthiuram disulphide (TMTD) curative system during processing in the melt state. The crosslinking formation during the processing was confirmed by the increase in the degree of cure of the systems measured by DSC. The dynamic vulcanization process increases the stiffness of the NR phase in the TPEs and modifies the thermal and mechanical behavior. NR/PP TPEs with high content of NR showed superior mechanical performance compared to the uncrosslinked NR/PP blends in terms of tensile strength and Young s modulus. It was obtained an increase in Young s modulus values of NR70/PP30 TPE of 316% than compared to NR70/PP30 conventional blend. The main reason for the high performance was the increase of degree of cure during the reactive processing that became the NR phase more rigid and contributed to the increase in the mechanical resistance of TPEs.
Toxicidade aguda e respostas metabólicas e hematológicas do pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus, Holmberg, 1887) exposto a concentração sub-letal de triclorfon e recuperação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-28)
Venturini, Francine Perri
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Moraes, Gilberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4427903557163246
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7347561381483761
Parasitosis in fishes is a relevant problem in aquaculture. Besides, the organophosphate trichlorfon (2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl phosphonate) is amongst the most used medicine in farming of fishes. Due to trichlorfon use in fish parasitosis control, including pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), in brazilian and worldwide aquaculture, it is necessary to study the effects of this organophosphorus compound related to toxicity and metabolic biochemical parameters. The aim of this work was to evaluate trichlorfon acute toxicity (LC(I)50;96h) to P. mesopotamicus and histopathological effects of this exposition; detect metabolic changes in juvenile pacu (P. mesopotamicus) exposed to trichlorfon sub-lethal concentration (10% LC (I) 50;96h); and evaluate metabolic changes after seven and 14 days of recovery. Estimated (LC (I)50;96h) of trichlorfon to alevin was 0.04mg/L; to juvenile fish was 0.07 mgL-1. Histological evaluation showed adaptive alterations, aiming to limit xenobiotic entrance; liver alterations aimed an increase in blood influx, consequently increasing detoxication; kidney alterations indicate excretion increase and skin presented cromatophore migration to superficial folds. After sub-lethal exposure, pacu presented a decrease in hemoglobin, after seven days recovery it was recorded a decrease in MCH and after 14 days recovery analysis showed a decrease in hematocrit. Metabolic alterations observed after sub-lethal expositions and recovery indicated efforts aiming to homeostatic maintenance trough energy production. Brain and muscle AChE activity decreased, regaining the control values after 14 day of recovery in xenobiotic free water.
Ensino de discriminações condicionais em bebês: avaliação do responder por exclusão e treino de emparelhamento de identidade com diferentes estímulos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-28)
Garcia, Lucas Tadeu
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Gil, Maria Stella Coutinho de Alcântara
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1673770301699940
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3292626740859106
Studies on learning by exclusion and stimuli equivalence are usually conducted by means of conditional discriminations teaching procedures. Some recent studies have investigated important variables in procedures for teaching conditional discriminations to babies, both for the maintenance of the subjects in the task and for the establishment of conditional responding in babies. Considering the recent advances in the literature and seeking to develop procedures for investigating relational repertoires in infants, two studies were performed. The first study was divided into two parts whose objectives was: 1A) replicating and adapting to the child care center context a study about conditional discrimination teaching by exclusion for a baby of 17 months, in which photographs were used as stimuli and; 1B ) to evaluate the generality of the procedure employed in the previous study. The second study aimed to investigate the effect of using abstract stimuli and toys stimuli on an identity matching teaching procedure. In Study 1A, the three participants were trained a baseline auditory-visual conditional discriminations with familiar photographs. After that subjects were presented to exclusion and learning evaluation trials. The three participants (between 17 and 19 months) learned the baseline conditional discriminations and chose correctly in all exclusion trials, although they have not demonstrated learning by exclusion. In Study 1B the same procedure was used and only two of three children, aged between 15 and 18 months, learned the baseline relations, although all of them chose the correct stimulus in the exclusion trials. There was evidence of learning by exclusion for some children, however, the performance of infants in the novelty control trials suggested that children could be choosing based on such bias. The results suggest that the presented procedure is a useful tool for the study of exclusion responding in babies and thus enables further investigations on the process. In Study 2, two babies of 17 and 20 months were submitted to an identity matching training with abstract shapes or toys used as discriminative stimuli. The stimuli presentation was made by a mechanical apparatus that allowed the exposure of stimuli in closed and open windows. The programmed consequences varied according to the stimuli training condition. Babies have not learned the identity conditional discriminations in any stimuli conditions, although there was a greater number of corrects choices when the stimuli used were abstract shapes. Nevertheless, it was not possible to obtain conclusive evidence about the effectiveness of the use of those different stimuli conditions on the infant s conditional discrimination learning.
Especiação de metais e sua interação com a matéria orgânica dissolvida em um reservatório artificial
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-28)
Tonietto, Alessandra Emanuele
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Lombardi, Ana Teresa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6737850858443813
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3056194008699912
Environmental degradation of aquatic ecosystems stimulates investigations about the interactions between dissolved organic matter, trace metals and the biota. This study aimed to investigate the speciation of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in a reservoir subjected to antropic activities. To develop this study, we have chosen Barra Bonita Reservoir (SP), an eutrophic and contaminated ecosystem that receives urban, industrial and agricultural efluents. Water samples were obtained in three locations within the reservoir considering local seasonality (dry winter and rainny summer) during 24 months. The samples were analysed for total, total dissolved, labile and ionic concentrations of the metals, as well as complexation parameters (CL e logK ML) and competition between copper and zinc for the ligands, fluorimetric characterization, and physico-chemical parameters of the water. The results showed a high degree of deterioration of the ecosystem. Independent of sampling location, the concentration order for the metals was Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd (total and total dissolved). In general copper and zinc remained as complexes in the dissolved fraction, while lead was mostly associated with particulate materials. MineqL+ calculations showed that Zn2+ and Cd2+ dominated the labile form, whereas copper and lead remained associated with carbonates. The increased concentration of total dissolved metal showed an increase of copper and zinc complexes, and labile form of zinc and lead. Through principal component analysis (PCA), seasonal influences related to the main sources of metals supply into the reservoir were identified. Metal competition analysis showed that previously added copper affected zinc speciation. However, prior addition of zinc indicated that this metal was complexed by the ligands that were previously available to copper. Nevertheless, no differences were observed in copper speciation. Because the resevoir is subject to intense and frequent cyanobacteria blooms, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii was isolated from that environment and cultured in the laboratory to obtain its excreted materials. This excreted material was then separated into three molecular weight fractions (> 30 kDa; 30-10 kDa; 10-3 kDa) that were analyzed for complexation capacity (CL e logK ML) with cadmium, copper, lead and zinc, elemental (C, H, N and S) and biochemical composition, fluorescence characteristics and competition for ligands between copper and zinc, and cadmium xvii and lead. The results showed that the fraction >30 kDa and 30-10 kDa had high carbohydrates contents, but low proteins and lipids, whereas for the 10-3 kDa fraction no variation on the biochemical composition was obtained. Fluorescence analysis showed peaks that define proteinaceous materials with 2 5 aromatic rings ususally assigned to be of phytoplankton origin. The CL and logK'ML for the different molecular weight fractions indicated a broad chemical diversity of the ligands that had different affinities for the metals. Metal competition titrations on the excreted material showed that it was only for the >30 kDa fraction that either previously added copper or zinc were complexed by ligands previously available to zinc and copper, respectively. In the 30-10 kDa fraction previously added lead, was complexed by ligands that were available to cadmium. In all fractions no lead complexation capacity was detected when cadmium had been previously added.
Secagem de pimenta dedo-de-moça (Capsicum baccatum var. pendulum) em secador convectivo horizontal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-28)
Véras, Antonio Onias Mesquita
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Freire, José Teixeira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2270677706718167
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2122563889901240
The cultivation of pepper is widespread in Brazil since its colonization. This plant, besides being much appreciated in the cuisine has proven pharmacological effects such as lowering cholesterol, inhibiting appetite and the presence of antioxidants such as ascorbic acid and beta-carotene. It is a product whose demand increases every year, but generally still produced handmade diminish the ability of producers to meet the needs of commerce. To contribute to improving the production of pepper dedo-de-moça, it was the behavior of this plant in analyzing the influence of drying process on the nutritional composition and physical qualities of the dried product. For this, drying kinetics were obtained and certain structural properties (apparent density, real density and porosity) as a function of moisture content during drying. Assessing the quality of the final product was performed by quantification of ascorbic acid and study of rehydration. The convective drying and freeze-drying was compared with respect to product quality parameters such as shrinkage, structural properties, vitamin C retention and rehydration characteristics. To describe the kinetics of drying and rehydration were used empirical and semiempirical equations. The characterization of the rehydration process was carried out from the indices that take account of the capacity of water absorption and loss of solutes. The use of seed from the drying of peppers to obtain seedlings was studied by checking the germination through standardized tests. The samples of convective drying at 60 ºC had the best results in terms of nutritional quality, rehydration characteristics and structural properties, comparing with those obtained from freezedrying. In assessing the use of seeds of peppers after processing to obtain new seedlings, the most suitable temperature was 40 oC to cause less damage to germination.
Ecologia trófica e ecomorfologia de peixes em um trecho do Alto Rio São Francisco impactado pela transposição do Rio Piumhi, com ênfase nas espécies Pimelodus fur Lütken, 1874 e Leporinus reinhardti Lütken, 1875
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-28)
Stefani, Patrícia Monte
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Rocha, Odete
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3840139659511108
Studies on the feeding of fishes provide relevant information for understanding the mechanisms allowing the coexistence and exploitation of resources by several species of fishes and also by other components of the aquatic communities.. The objective of the present study was to analyze in detail the feeding habits and the ecomorphology of the fish species Pimelodus fur and Leporinus reinhardti as well as to preliminarily characterize the fedding habits and describe the morphological characteristics of other nine species of fish occurring in a stretch of the Upper São Francisco River Basin. Fishes were sampled in four periods: December 2006 and 2008 (rainy periods) and April 2007 and June 2008 (dry periods) using with gillnets, seine nets and sieve. The results on the feeding ecology of P.fur revealed that this species belong to the trophic gulid of the insectivores, since insects represent between 74.0% and 79.0% of its diet. There were seasonal changes in the diet of P. fur, with food items essentially authochtonous, as aquatic insects larvae being consumed in the dry periods and insects from terrestrial sources, as Araneae and Hymenoptera being added to its diet during the rainy periods, in both São Francisco River and its tributary Piumhi River. In these rivers P. fur displayed high trophic specialization, being a specialist in consuming aquatic insects. It was also observed great overlap in the food items consumed by the different size classes of P. population sampled in both rivers. L. reinhardti had intense feeding activity in both seasons dry and rainy periods. This species belong to the trophic guild of herbivores, being its diet composed mainly by plant material. The feeding spectrum of L. reinhardti is wider in São Francisco River than in the Piumhi River, what can be a consequence of the fact that the gallery forest in the São Francisco River is better preserved in this region than that of the Piumhi River. There were seasonal changes in the diet of L. reinhardt, with some food items as Trichoptera and Hymenoptera only being consumed in the rainy periods. There was no significant change in the diet of L. reinhardti along its development, with preference by plant material in all size classes. L. reinhardti is a feeding specialist with narrow niche breath. There was no feeding niche overlap between P. fur and L. reinhardti in any seasonal period or river stretch studied. Although feeding activity of both P. fur and L. reinhardti was intense during all periods analyzed, the narrow feeding niche breath and the large diet overlap among the size classes within each species population indicate that food sources are abundant in this part of the Upper São Francisco River basin. Regarding the morphological characteristics there was also trophic structuring of the species studied in Piumhi and São Francisco Rivers, with segregation between the body shape of the specialists (insectivores and piscivores) and the more generalist feeders (omnivores and herbivores).
Interações e viabilidade do plantio consorciado de pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas) e girassol (Helianthus annuus L.)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-31)
Coelho, Ricardo Coeli Simões
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Gerald, Lee Tseng Sheng
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3411283601306914
With the recent advent of biodiesel in Brazil, there has been a significant increase in the number of research on the potential of utilizing oleaginous as raw material, especially in physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.), due to its superior oil technical characteristics, as well as the plant s hardiness and productivity. However, since the production of physic nut only becomes economically viable from the third year, there is a need to consider planting in intercropping manner. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction and the technical and economical feasibility of intercropping of jatropha and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), which is also an excellent source of oil for biodiesel production. The project was implemented at UFSCar / CCA in Araras, São Paulo. The jatropha seedlings were planted in May 1998, spaced 2 meters between plants and 4 meters between rows. The sowing of sunflower variety IAC Iarama was done in November 2008, between physic nut lines, with four rows spaced at fifty centimeters, with an estimated 50,000 seeds per hectare. We evaluated the sunflower plant yield, the development of physic nut and the possible allelopathic interactions between cultures. Allelopathic effects between sunflower and weeds were also investigated. We adopted the split-plot design with four replications and four combinations of consortia, whereas T1: growing sunflowers on both sides of the physic nut planting, T2: growing sunflowers west of the physic nut planting with the east side being reserved for the germination of weeds, T3: growing sunflowers to the east line of physic nut with the west side being reserved for the germination of weeds; T4: both sides of the line of physic nut were reserved for the germination of weeds. It was concluded that there was no influence on the development of jatropha vi ii plantations in intercropped with sunflower and sunflower production was not affected by physic nut. There was also a suppression of spontaneous plants in areas with sunflower. The alternative of this consortium demonstrates a good choice for the national biodiesel program.
Organização do trabalho e controle em teleatendimento: o caso de uma empresa de cobrança
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-31)
Ricci, Marlucy Godoy
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Rachid, Alessandra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6981682198988902
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9668886542467621
The purpose of this study was to explore the peculiarities of the work organization and the different ways of control that were observed in the call center operator s activity. The theoretical-methodological focus that led the research is the Work Organization. A bibliographic research and a case study were performed. The bibliographic research allowed the characterization of the area, its emergence and development, as well as many aspects of the work in this activity. The field research was performed at a company that does collection service over the telephone and involved some visits to the company plant and the incorporation of interviews with the operators, support staff, main executives and operation manager. The interviews allowed the interviewees to explain how they operate, how they evaluate their job, how they deal with different demands and also their perspective regarding the future of this activity. The literature shows that the employees who have contact with the clients, as telemarketing operators, experience a double control, practiced on one hand by the company norms and rules and on the other hand by each client s specific demands. In the studied company it was noticed that the operators, besides the company and the clients, have to deal with other souces of embarassment.
Estudo da influência de cargas minerais e amido na biodegradação do PLA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-31)
Nascimento, Mariana Sanz
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Agnelli, José Augusto Marcondes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7592090152400440
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4281675507015096
Fossile fuel-produced plastics, once consumed and incorrectly discharged into the environment, will end up as short-term non-degradable residues and will contribute to global pollution. For this reason, the use of polymers from biodegradable and renewable sources is seen as an alternative, especially for short-term use products, such as disposable products that might be suitable for composting and thus biodegrated. Many alifathic polyesters possess these desirable properties and, among them the poly (lactic acid) – PLA – is one of the most widely used and advantageous biodegradable polyesters. This work has studied the addition of mineral filler and starch to PLA, to evaluate its influence on biodegrading properties of the polymer. Formulations were subject to mechanical testing of shock and traction, DSC and TGA thermal analysis, fluidity index, organic composite biodegradation up to 120 days, mass loss evaluations, SEM analysis, artificially accelerated aging and viscosity analysis. Results have shown that mineral filler have modified crystallization and did not have any influence on the biodegradation of PLA, but have reduced the polymer`s mechanical properties. The starch has reduced crystallization on the PLA, has enhanced the biodegrading of the composite PLA + starch since it has been observed the composite had high levels of biodegradation over the 120 days period analyzed. This was verified by means of mass loss on the samples, loss of mechanical properties made evident by high brittleness seen upon handling of samples and by scanning electron microscopy. The results of artificial accelerated aging (400h), done just for PLA, have shown a decrease of 40% in mechanical tensile properties.
Análise da microbiota associada à ascídia Didemnum granulatum para a produção de metabólitos secundários bioativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-01)
Carvalho, Erica de
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Seleghim, Mirna Helena Regali
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5998337634888263
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9727019290567400
Studies of marine natural products in 20 years of research have revealed a wide variety of molecules with complex structures and hitherto unknown, and potent biological activities. The aims of this study were to isolate microbial strains associated with Didemnum granulatum, to fermentate such strains for the production of crude extracts and the screening of these extracts for bioactive secondary metabolites. For the isolation of the strains, six different culture media were prepared with artificial sea water: malt extract 2% and 3%, carrot/potato, corn, oat and GPY. The strains were cultivated for 30 days in 250mL of the same culture media. The crude extracts were obtained by partition with ethyl acetate. The extracts were sent for the cytotoxic activity bioassay and analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) on silica gel plate (with absorption in UV-vis). Among the 26 extracts, samples DG (M3) 6'C and DG (M3) 5'C showed potent cytotoxic activity, samples DG (B) 13, DG (M3) 1 and DG (G) 2B a moderate activity. The analysis by TLC indicated the presence of bioactive secondary metabolites in the extracts. The strains were identified as bioactive three fungal: DG (M 3) 6'C (Penicillium sp.) DG (M3) 5'C (Cladosporium sp.) DG (M3) 1 (Aspergillus sp.) And two bacterial: DG (B) 13 (Aurantimonas sp.) DG (G) 2B (Nocardiopsis sp.). These were grown on a larger scale of broth (500 mL) and extracted after 7, 14, 21 and 30 days of incubation. We carried out a cleaning process of these extracts by solid phase extraction (SPE) column of silica gel derivatized with C18 (35 mL of eluent: 100% H2O, MeOH/H2O 1:1 and MeOH 100%). The fractions generated were analyzed by HPLC-UV-MS trying to find characteristic profiles of secondary metabolites. From the DG sample (M3) 6'C (A + B), was isolated and identified the compound 13- deoxy-fomenona previously obtained by Tirilly et al. in 1983. Although this compound is not unheard of, no literature reports of studies involving bioassays cytotoxic against tumor cells and even this compound has been isolated from other species of microorganisms other than the fungus Dicyma pulvinata.
O cinema na aula de língua estrangeira: uma proposta didático-pedagógica para o ensino-aprendizagem de espanhol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-01)
Stefani, Viviane Cristina Garcia de
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Paula, Sandra Regina Buttros Gattolin de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9228036521343293
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9946304206543559
The new configuration of the post-modern society has been demanding changes in the teaching extent. We are living in an era in which the school is not the main place where learning happens, and the knowledge is acquired through the interaction in the networks and communities of practice (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001) what makes us think about new ways of teaching and learning. It is necessary that the atmosphere of the classroom translates the transformations of the society, so that it can be considered as a community of practice, place where the knowledge is built. The role that the school should assume, together with the teacher, is to promote opportunities for the construction of new knowledge and for the approach of new cultures. Concerning teaching and learning of foreign language, the proximity among cultures is still more relevant. In new times the progress of the technology has been propitiating a narrowing in the contact among the people, and it is necessary to know not only the language, but also the culture of the other. Learning a foreign language means to familiarize with other manners of acting, thinking and communicating. We understand this practice can be favored by a communicative approach of teaching, whose focus is the united construction of the knowledge through the interaction and negotiation of meaning, so that the learning is relevant to the learner. When we think about procedures that make possible the implementation of a communicative teaching in agreement with the new demands of the modern society, so that it promotes opportunities for the construction of the knowledge through the interaction and negotiation meaning, and, at the same time, it can contemplate the approach of multiple linguistic and cultural varieties of the Spanish language, it seems opportune the use of the movie as a didactic resource. Although the films can be considered as an efficient didactic resource for the implementation of the communicative teaching of languages, for its entertainment nature and for its capacity of promoting the students' larger involvement in the accomplishment of significant activities, we noticed that its use is still quite limited in the teaching process. Considering that gap, the objective of this qualitative research of ethnographic base is investigate the use of the film The Motorcycle Diaries as didactic content in the context of Spanish teaching as foreign language, according to the theory of the significant learning (GEE, 2004; RICHARDS, 2005; SAVIGNON, 2001). The data were obtained by questionnaires, focal group and teacher notes, and they show that the film represents an effective way to present the linguistic input in a contextualized way, besides involving the students in interaction activities and negotiation of meaning, stimulating the critical thought and the world knowledge, and contributing significantly for the development of the student's autonomy as a language learner.
Estudos limnológicos e ecotoxicológicos da bacia do Alto Jacaré-Guaçu com ênfase no desenvolvimento de sedimentos artificiais para avaliação da toxicidade do cromo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-01)
Campagna, Aline Fernanda
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Verani, Nelsy Fenerich
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1862746100743391
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2484382689721394
This work aimed evaluates the Alto Jacaré-Guaçu rivers basin quality through physical, chemical and biological and ecotoxicological analysis. Samples of water and sediment were collected in April /07; July/07; October/07 and January/08 in fourteen locations. Moreover studies about survey/growth and gills morphology were performed in Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata fishes exposed in the toxicity tests. The limnological data revealed the higher concentrations of metals and other variables in the October/07 and January/08 seasons, being over the limits established for aquatic organism s protection. In the water samples all metals were above the CONAMA 357/05, highlighting the values of cadmium and chromium. In the sediment, only cadmium and zinc values above the TEL however, the influence of high values of chromium in the collection sites were discriminated by multivariate analysis. The partial chronic toxicity tests performed using samples obtained from de natural environment revealed significant toxicity for a last one fish species and one parameter. Sublethal effects in the survey/growth and gills morphology were detected in the tests organisms on the different seasons to the each one specie. The sediment samples from July/07 and April/07 were more toxic to P. reticulate specie; however January/08 samples were more toxic to D. rerio. Chromium was chosen for the evaluation of toxicity in laboratory by spiking in artificial sediments. The results presented the suitability of the artificial sediments as to a substrate for toxicity tests and assisted in the interpretation of the chromium toxicity. The LC50;96h of chromium spiked in inorganic and organic sediments was 340,56 and <1440,0 mg.Kg-1 (C. xanthus); 1731,04 and 2263,54 mg.Kg-1 (D. rerio); 2263,54 mg/Kg and 1377,55 mg.Kg-1 (P. reticulata), respectively. The sublethal effects were detected at very low concentrations of bioavaliable chromium in sediments (0,8 to 1,425 mg/Kg) and dissolved in water (0,0275 to1,138 mg/L). The results suggesting that the chromium concentrations detected in the Alto Jacaré-Guaçu basin may present a risk to aquatic life.
Análise de expressão e splicing alternativo do gene Mdh-1 de Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-02)
Nagamati Junior, Keize
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Del Lama, Marco Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7198095288825585
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577806509170147
Mdh-1 enzyme locus coding for cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase has three common alleles Mdh-1100 (F), Mdh-180 (M) e Mdh-165 (S) and it has been extensively used as racial marker in populational studies of Apis mellifera. Additional isoforms are detected by electrophoretic analysis during ontogenetic development of A. mellifera, indicating differential expression of this locus, and a large set of evidences suggests that Mdh-1 alleles are under temperature-mediated selection. In this work, we proposed to study molecular aspects of this locus aiming to understand the nature of observed polymorphism and possible mechanisms leading to the formation of additional isoforms. Our results suggest Mdh-1100 as the ancestral allele that gave origin to alleles Mdh-180 and Mdh-165, and electrophoretic mobility differences of allelic products may be attributed to the substitution of a single aminoacid in each variant. Regarding genic expression during development, we re able to determine that both loci Mdh-1 and Mdh-2, coding for mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase, have high expression in larval and late pupal stages, and present a significant decrease in expression during transitional stages between larva and pupa. We also determined that additional isoforms are characteristic of pupae fat body and hemolymph, not being detected in other tissues, appearing at late larval stage and starting to disappear with beginning of pupal pigmentation. We were not able to identify the causes promoting the formation of the new isoforms, but our results suggest that this phenomenon is not due to alternative splicing or expression of a stage- and tissue-specific gene.
Estudo do potencial de regeneração de uma floresta estacional semidecídua, São Paulo, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-02)
Laurito, Sabrina Ferreira
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Soares, João Juares
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6093800182799882
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3949776696807179
Localização de terminais intermodais na rede de escoamento da soja em grão brasileira destinada à exportação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-02)
Almeida, Marina Soares
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Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5992462757071905
Soybean is one of the most important agricultural products grown in Brazil. Comparing to the total volume of grain produced, soybean corresponds to approximately 44% and the midwest region is the largest soybean producer in Brazil. Because of that, the soybean that goes for export, on average, have to go over large distances to reach the maritime ports from where it is exported. Transport costs represent approximately 25% of the total cost what influences directly on the product price in international market. Loading transportation over long distances, such as the Brazilian soybean flows, the intermodal transportation is an alternative to make the soybean flows for export more economical. The efficient loading transportation using more than one modal depends not only on the availability of the transport itself but also on support infrastructure, such as intermodal terminals. In order to support decisions regarding the design and operation of the network flow of soybean for export, this work proposes using a mathematical programming model based on the Theory of Facilities Location to locate intermodal terminals in the network, taking into account not only the physical network, but also flows of soybeans that are moved by its vertices and arcs. We made several computational preliminary tests to verify the adequacy of the model to the reality we want to represent. Given the adequacy of the model, new experiments were done on a network that represents more realistically the present situation of the soybean flows in Brazil.
Considerações taxonômicas sobre os Banchinae e revisão das espécies brasileiras de Glyptini (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-07)
Flórez, Andrés Fabián Herrera
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Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
The Banchinae is a cosmopolitan group of Ichneumonidae comprising three tribes: Atrophini, Banchini and Glyptini; it includes about 50 genera and 1500 described species. The Banchinae generally have long, apically notched ovipositor, a propodeum without or with only a few carinae, and frequently, a tergite I with spiracles located around or before the centre, and the anterior part of the submetapleural carina expanded into a broad lobe. This work is a taxonomic revision of the subfamily Banchinae with emphasis in the tribe Glyptini from Brazil. This tribe is characterized by the possession of oblique grooves on tergites II-IV. This study is based on the main entomological collections of South and Southeastern Brazil; in total more than 3.000 specimens of the subfamily have been examined, not including all of genera already registered to Brazil. Material from 17 of the 27 States of Brazil has been reviewed, although most of the specimens (70.3%) were collected in São Paulo State. The subfamily Banchinae has been registered so far in four kind of Brazilian biomes: Atlantic Forest, Brazilian Savanna, Amazonia and agroecosystems, between 2 and 2.039 m of altitude. The study has revealed the presence in Brazil of 17 genera of Banchinae, one of them is a new genus; 18 new species of the tribe Glyptini are described. Illustrated keys are given to enable the identification of the tribes and the genera of the subfamily Banchinae and the species of the tribe Glyptini from Brazil.
Análise e caracterização de ataques a rebanhos por morcegos Desmodus rotundus no município de São Pedro (São Paulo, Brasil)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-08)
Mialhe, Paulo Jacques
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Pires, José Salatiel Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3412204514901170
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1258626253162825
In the present study were analyzed and characterized the attacks on herds of livestock by vampire bats Desmodus rotundus in São Pedro (São Paulo, Brazil). It was found that the frequency of attacks of Desmodus rotundus to domestic herbivores in São Pedro-SP during the study period, between 2000 and 2001 was 4.2%, but may have been underestimated due to the extensive management system used for cattle, which constitutes 90.07% of the total herd. In the properties they owned cattle and horses, and therefore with the same time searching for prey by bats because the same distance from the shelter to the properties, there was a higher percentage of attacks on horses in 90.47% of properties indicating the possibility Desmodus have as of this preferred prey animals. We identified nine main shelter of the vampire bat, these three were classified as maternity colonies, all located in caves, with higher numbers of individuals. It was shown that the main shelters Desmodus were closer than 3 km of the main water bodies of the study area, confirming other studies reporting that the major rivers of the state of São Paulo are the major geographical features related to the presence of Desmodus.