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Interações e viabilidade do plantio consorciado de pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas) e girassol (Helianthus annuus L.)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-31)
Coelho, Ricardo Coeli Simões
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Gerald, Lee Tseng Sheng
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3411283601306914
With the recent advent of biodiesel in Brazil, there has been a significant increase in the number of research on the potential of utilizing oleaginous as raw material, especially in physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.), due to its superior oil technical characteristics, as well as the plant s hardiness and productivity. However, since the production of physic nut only becomes economically viable from the third year, there is a need to consider planting in intercropping manner. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interaction and the technical and economical feasibility of intercropping of jatropha and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), which is also an excellent source of oil for biodiesel production. The project was implemented at UFSCar / CCA in Araras, São Paulo. The jatropha seedlings were planted in May 1998, spaced 2 meters between plants and 4 meters between rows. The sowing of sunflower variety IAC Iarama was done in November 2008, between physic nut lines, with four rows spaced at fifty centimeters, with an estimated 50,000 seeds per hectare. We evaluated the sunflower plant yield, the development of physic nut and the possible allelopathic interactions between cultures. Allelopathic effects between sunflower and weeds were also investigated. We adopted the split-plot design with four replications and four combinations of consortia, whereas T1: growing sunflowers on both sides of the physic nut planting, T2: growing sunflowers west of the physic nut planting with the east side being reserved for the germination of weeds, T3: growing sunflowers to the east line of physic nut with the west side being reserved for the germination of weeds; T4: both sides of the line of physic nut were reserved for the germination of weeds. It was concluded that there was no influence on the development of jatropha vi ii plantations in intercropped with sunflower and sunflower production was not affected by physic nut. There was also a suppression of spontaneous plants in areas with sunflower. The alternative of this consortium demonstrates a good choice for the national biodiesel program.
Organização do trabalho e controle em teleatendimento: o caso de uma empresa de cobrança
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-31)
Ricci, Marlucy Godoy
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Rachid, Alessandra
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6981682198988902
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9668886542467621
The purpose of this study was to explore the peculiarities of the work organization and the different ways of control that were observed in the call center operator s activity. The theoretical-methodological focus that led the research is the Work Organization. A bibliographic research and a case study were performed. The bibliographic research allowed the characterization of the area, its emergence and development, as well as many aspects of the work in this activity. The field research was performed at a company that does collection service over the telephone and involved some visits to the company plant and the incorporation of interviews with the operators, support staff, main executives and operation manager. The interviews allowed the interviewees to explain how they operate, how they evaluate their job, how they deal with different demands and also their perspective regarding the future of this activity. The literature shows that the employees who have contact with the clients, as telemarketing operators, experience a double control, practiced on one hand by the company norms and rules and on the other hand by each client s specific demands. In the studied company it was noticed that the operators, besides the company and the clients, have to deal with other souces of embarassment.
Estudo da influência de cargas minerais e amido na biodegradação do PLA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-05-31)
Nascimento, Mariana Sanz
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Agnelli, José Augusto Marcondes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7592090152400440
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4281675507015096
Fossile fuel-produced plastics, once consumed and incorrectly discharged into the environment, will end up as short-term non-degradable residues and will contribute to global pollution. For this reason, the use of polymers from biodegradable and renewable sources is seen as an alternative, especially for short-term use products, such as disposable products that might be suitable for composting and thus biodegrated. Many alifathic polyesters possess these desirable properties and, among them the poly (lactic acid) – PLA – is one of the most widely used and advantageous biodegradable polyesters. This work has studied the addition of mineral filler and starch to PLA, to evaluate its influence on biodegrading properties of the polymer. Formulations were subject to mechanical testing of shock and traction, DSC and TGA thermal analysis, fluidity index, organic composite biodegradation up to 120 days, mass loss evaluations, SEM analysis, artificially accelerated aging and viscosity analysis. Results have shown that mineral filler have modified crystallization and did not have any influence on the biodegradation of PLA, but have reduced the polymer`s mechanical properties. The starch has reduced crystallization on the PLA, has enhanced the biodegrading of the composite PLA + starch since it has been observed the composite had high levels of biodegradation over the 120 days period analyzed. This was verified by means of mass loss on the samples, loss of mechanical properties made evident by high brittleness seen upon handling of samples and by scanning electron microscopy. The results of artificial accelerated aging (400h), done just for PLA, have shown a decrease of 40% in mechanical tensile properties.
Análise da microbiota associada à ascídia Didemnum granulatum para a produção de metabólitos secundários bioativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-01)
Carvalho, Erica de
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Seleghim, Mirna Helena Regali
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5998337634888263
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9727019290567400
Studies of marine natural products in 20 years of research have revealed a wide variety of molecules with complex structures and hitherto unknown, and potent biological activities. The aims of this study were to isolate microbial strains associated with Didemnum granulatum, to fermentate such strains for the production of crude extracts and the screening of these extracts for bioactive secondary metabolites. For the isolation of the strains, six different culture media were prepared with artificial sea water: malt extract 2% and 3%, carrot/potato, corn, oat and GPY. The strains were cultivated for 30 days in 250mL of the same culture media. The crude extracts were obtained by partition with ethyl acetate. The extracts were sent for the cytotoxic activity bioassay and analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) on silica gel plate (with absorption in UV-vis). Among the 26 extracts, samples DG (M3) 6'C and DG (M3) 5'C showed potent cytotoxic activity, samples DG (B) 13, DG (M3) 1 and DG (G) 2B a moderate activity. The analysis by TLC indicated the presence of bioactive secondary metabolites in the extracts. The strains were identified as bioactive three fungal: DG (M 3) 6'C (Penicillium sp.) DG (M3) 5'C (Cladosporium sp.) DG (M3) 1 (Aspergillus sp.) And two bacterial: DG (B) 13 (Aurantimonas sp.) DG (G) 2B (Nocardiopsis sp.). These were grown on a larger scale of broth (500 mL) and extracted after 7, 14, 21 and 30 days of incubation. We carried out a cleaning process of these extracts by solid phase extraction (SPE) column of silica gel derivatized with C18 (35 mL of eluent: 100% H2O, MeOH/H2O 1:1 and MeOH 100%). The fractions generated were analyzed by HPLC-UV-MS trying to find characteristic profiles of secondary metabolites. From the DG sample (M3) 6'C (A + B), was isolated and identified the compound 13- deoxy-fomenona previously obtained by Tirilly et al. in 1983. Although this compound is not unheard of, no literature reports of studies involving bioassays cytotoxic against tumor cells and even this compound has been isolated from other species of microorganisms other than the fungus Dicyma pulvinata.
O cinema na aula de língua estrangeira: uma proposta didático-pedagógica para o ensino-aprendizagem de espanhol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-01)
Stefani, Viviane Cristina Garcia de
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Paula, Sandra Regina Buttros Gattolin de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9228036521343293
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9946304206543559
The new configuration of the post-modern society has been demanding changes in the teaching extent. We are living in an era in which the school is not the main place where learning happens, and the knowledge is acquired through the interaction in the networks and communities of practice (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001) what makes us think about new ways of teaching and learning. It is necessary that the atmosphere of the classroom translates the transformations of the society, so that it can be considered as a community of practice, place where the knowledge is built. The role that the school should assume, together with the teacher, is to promote opportunities for the construction of new knowledge and for the approach of new cultures. Concerning teaching and learning of foreign language, the proximity among cultures is still more relevant. In new times the progress of the technology has been propitiating a narrowing in the contact among the people, and it is necessary to know not only the language, but also the culture of the other. Learning a foreign language means to familiarize with other manners of acting, thinking and communicating. We understand this practice can be favored by a communicative approach of teaching, whose focus is the united construction of the knowledge through the interaction and negotiation of meaning, so that the learning is relevant to the learner. When we think about procedures that make possible the implementation of a communicative teaching in agreement with the new demands of the modern society, so that it promotes opportunities for the construction of the knowledge through the interaction and negotiation meaning, and, at the same time, it can contemplate the approach of multiple linguistic and cultural varieties of the Spanish language, it seems opportune the use of the movie as a didactic resource. Although the films can be considered as an efficient didactic resource for the implementation of the communicative teaching of languages, for its entertainment nature and for its capacity of promoting the students' larger involvement in the accomplishment of significant activities, we noticed that its use is still quite limited in the teaching process. Considering that gap, the objective of this qualitative research of ethnographic base is investigate the use of the film The Motorcycle Diaries as didactic content in the context of Spanish teaching as foreign language, according to the theory of the significant learning (GEE, 2004; RICHARDS, 2005; SAVIGNON, 2001). The data were obtained by questionnaires, focal group and teacher notes, and they show that the film represents an effective way to present the linguistic input in a contextualized way, besides involving the students in interaction activities and negotiation of meaning, stimulating the critical thought and the world knowledge, and contributing significantly for the development of the student's autonomy as a language learner.
Estudos limnológicos e ecotoxicológicos da bacia do Alto Jacaré-Guaçu com ênfase no desenvolvimento de sedimentos artificiais para avaliação da toxicidade do cromo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-01)
Campagna, Aline Fernanda
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Verani, Nelsy Fenerich
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1862746100743391
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2484382689721394
This work aimed evaluates the Alto Jacaré-Guaçu rivers basin quality through physical, chemical and biological and ecotoxicological analysis. Samples of water and sediment were collected in April /07; July/07; October/07 and January/08 in fourteen locations. Moreover studies about survey/growth and gills morphology were performed in Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata fishes exposed in the toxicity tests. The limnological data revealed the higher concentrations of metals and other variables in the October/07 and January/08 seasons, being over the limits established for aquatic organism s protection. In the water samples all metals were above the CONAMA 357/05, highlighting the values of cadmium and chromium. In the sediment, only cadmium and zinc values above the TEL however, the influence of high values of chromium in the collection sites were discriminated by multivariate analysis. The partial chronic toxicity tests performed using samples obtained from de natural environment revealed significant toxicity for a last one fish species and one parameter. Sublethal effects in the survey/growth and gills morphology were detected in the tests organisms on the different seasons to the each one specie. The sediment samples from July/07 and April/07 were more toxic to P. reticulate specie; however January/08 samples were more toxic to D. rerio. Chromium was chosen for the evaluation of toxicity in laboratory by spiking in artificial sediments. The results presented the suitability of the artificial sediments as to a substrate for toxicity tests and assisted in the interpretation of the chromium toxicity. The LC50;96h of chromium spiked in inorganic and organic sediments was 340,56 and <1440,0 mg.Kg-1 (C. xanthus); 1731,04 and 2263,54 mg.Kg-1 (D. rerio); 2263,54 mg/Kg and 1377,55 mg.Kg-1 (P. reticulata), respectively. The sublethal effects were detected at very low concentrations of bioavaliable chromium in sediments (0,8 to 1,425 mg/Kg) and dissolved in water (0,0275 to1,138 mg/L). The results suggesting that the chromium concentrations detected in the Alto Jacaré-Guaçu basin may present a risk to aquatic life.
Análise de expressão e splicing alternativo do gene Mdh-1 de Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-02)
Nagamati Junior, Keize
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Del Lama, Marco Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7198095288825585
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577806509170147
Mdh-1 enzyme locus coding for cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase has three common alleles Mdh-1100 (F), Mdh-180 (M) e Mdh-165 (S) and it has been extensively used as racial marker in populational studies of Apis mellifera. Additional isoforms are detected by electrophoretic analysis during ontogenetic development of A. mellifera, indicating differential expression of this locus, and a large set of evidences suggests that Mdh-1 alleles are under temperature-mediated selection. In this work, we proposed to study molecular aspects of this locus aiming to understand the nature of observed polymorphism and possible mechanisms leading to the formation of additional isoforms. Our results suggest Mdh-1100 as the ancestral allele that gave origin to alleles Mdh-180 and Mdh-165, and electrophoretic mobility differences of allelic products may be attributed to the substitution of a single aminoacid in each variant. Regarding genic expression during development, we re able to determine that both loci Mdh-1 and Mdh-2, coding for mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase, have high expression in larval and late pupal stages, and present a significant decrease in expression during transitional stages between larva and pupa. We also determined that additional isoforms are characteristic of pupae fat body and hemolymph, not being detected in other tissues, appearing at late larval stage and starting to disappear with beginning of pupal pigmentation. We were not able to identify the causes promoting the formation of the new isoforms, but our results suggest that this phenomenon is not due to alternative splicing or expression of a stage- and tissue-specific gene.
Estudo do potencial de regeneração de uma floresta estacional semidecídua, São Paulo, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-02)
Laurito, Sabrina Ferreira
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Soares, João Juares
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6093800182799882
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3949776696807179
Localização de terminais intermodais na rede de escoamento da soja em grão brasileira destinada à exportação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-02)
Almeida, Marina Soares
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Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5992462757071905
Soybean is one of the most important agricultural products grown in Brazil. Comparing to the total volume of grain produced, soybean corresponds to approximately 44% and the midwest region is the largest soybean producer in Brazil. Because of that, the soybean that goes for export, on average, have to go over large distances to reach the maritime ports from where it is exported. Transport costs represent approximately 25% of the total cost what influences directly on the product price in international market. Loading transportation over long distances, such as the Brazilian soybean flows, the intermodal transportation is an alternative to make the soybean flows for export more economical. The efficient loading transportation using more than one modal depends not only on the availability of the transport itself but also on support infrastructure, such as intermodal terminals. In order to support decisions regarding the design and operation of the network flow of soybean for export, this work proposes using a mathematical programming model based on the Theory of Facilities Location to locate intermodal terminals in the network, taking into account not only the physical network, but also flows of soybeans that are moved by its vertices and arcs. We made several computational preliminary tests to verify the adequacy of the model to the reality we want to represent. Given the adequacy of the model, new experiments were done on a network that represents more realistically the present situation of the soybean flows in Brazil.
Considerações taxonômicas sobre os Banchinae e revisão das espécies brasileiras de Glyptini (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-07)
Flórez, Andrés Fabián Herrera
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Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
The Banchinae is a cosmopolitan group of Ichneumonidae comprising three tribes: Atrophini, Banchini and Glyptini; it includes about 50 genera and 1500 described species. The Banchinae generally have long, apically notched ovipositor, a propodeum without or with only a few carinae, and frequently, a tergite I with spiracles located around or before the centre, and the anterior part of the submetapleural carina expanded into a broad lobe. This work is a taxonomic revision of the subfamily Banchinae with emphasis in the tribe Glyptini from Brazil. This tribe is characterized by the possession of oblique grooves on tergites II-IV. This study is based on the main entomological collections of South and Southeastern Brazil; in total more than 3.000 specimens of the subfamily have been examined, not including all of genera already registered to Brazil. Material from 17 of the 27 States of Brazil has been reviewed, although most of the specimens (70.3%) were collected in São Paulo State. The subfamily Banchinae has been registered so far in four kind of Brazilian biomes: Atlantic Forest, Brazilian Savanna, Amazonia and agroecosystems, between 2 and 2.039 m of altitude. The study has revealed the presence in Brazil of 17 genera of Banchinae, one of them is a new genus; 18 new species of the tribe Glyptini are described. Illustrated keys are given to enable the identification of the tribes and the genera of the subfamily Banchinae and the species of the tribe Glyptini from Brazil.
Análise e caracterização de ataques a rebanhos por morcegos Desmodus rotundus no município de São Pedro (São Paulo, Brasil)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-08)
Mialhe, Paulo Jacques
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Pires, José Salatiel Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3412204514901170
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1258626253162825
In the present study were analyzed and characterized the attacks on herds of livestock by vampire bats Desmodus rotundus in São Pedro (São Paulo, Brazil). It was found that the frequency of attacks of Desmodus rotundus to domestic herbivores in São Pedro-SP during the study period, between 2000 and 2001 was 4.2%, but may have been underestimated due to the extensive management system used for cattle, which constitutes 90.07% of the total herd. In the properties they owned cattle and horses, and therefore with the same time searching for prey by bats because the same distance from the shelter to the properties, there was a higher percentage of attacks on horses in 90.47% of properties indicating the possibility Desmodus have as of this preferred prey animals. We identified nine main shelter of the vampire bat, these three were classified as maternity colonies, all located in caves, with higher numbers of individuals. It was shown that the main shelters Desmodus were closer than 3 km of the main water bodies of the study area, confirming other studies reporting that the major rivers of the state of São Paulo are the major geographical features related to the presence of Desmodus.
Automação em bibliotecas: desenvolvimento e adaptação de aplicativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-09)
Coelho, Nivaldo Aparecido
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Amaral, Roniberto Morato do
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6958372164719600
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1859528212805428
Given the need for development and adaptation of computational solutions as a way to facilitate the academic life of users of Library Service School of Engineering of São Carlos (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), the objective is to develop and implement solutions in order to fill "gaps" left by library management software. The research method used was action research and as a result was deployed three computing solutions in the organization: 1) Request copies of Production; 2) Renewal and reservation of books; and 3) Loans from libraries. It follows that the solutions are presented as effective tools in increasing the visibility of science produced and services offered by the library of EESC-USP, with use of local human and technological resources.
Purificação do ácido clavulânico por processo de filtração tangencial, extração por sistema de duas fases aquosas e re-extração com resina de troca iônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-09)
Silva, Clóvis Sacardo da
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Pasotto, Marlei Barboza
Clavulanic acid is a β-lactam substance with low antibiotic activity. Nonetheless, it is an important medicine which acts as a potent β-lactamase inhibitor. These enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of β-lactam ring of antibiotics, leaving them without antibiotic action. It is industrially produced with submerged cultures of Streptomyces clavuligerus, a filamentous bacterium. Extraction and purification studies have shown a very clear and defined course, when it comes to the stages that precede precipitation and crystallization. The extraction processes with ultrafiltration membranes, with organic solvents and extraction in aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) have been studied whereas purification has been studied for processes which involve ion exchange. However, there are few works related to clavulanic acid aqueous two-phase system extraction and they are not conclusive. The present study proposed utilizing the aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) to purify the clavulanic acid and re-extract it with ion exchange adsorption, which might provide information for further studies on coupled processes which operate continuously. The first technique evaluated to re-extract the clavulanic acid was the separation process with membranes, and its results showed a low separation between PEG and clavulanic acid. In a second step, the ion exchange chromatography technique with Amberlite IRA-400Cl and Streamline Q XL resins was used. It was evidenced by the ion exchange chromatography that the Amberlite IRA- 400Cl resin makes the process of re-extraction of clavulanic acid from the top phase possible and that the phosphate present in the top phase makes clavulanic acid adsorption difficult for both studied resins. Addition of ethanol, in order to precipitate the phosphate salts, made the re-extraction of clavulanic acid from the ATPS top phase by Streamline Q XL resin possible. The third step of the global process was the optimization of clavulanic acid extraction using the aqueous two-phase systems. The results showed that it is possible to obtain yields around 100% and a purification factor of 1.5 times for the clavulanic acid. Another characteristic analyzed was the clavulanic acid degradation velocity in the aqueous two-phase system; it was very high at the bottom phase which was rich in phosphate salts. Trials of continuous aqueous twophase system process were performed. This process was shown to be operationally viable. The set of results acquired in this study will allow the study and implementation xxv of a continuous process for the purification of clavulanic acid utilizing the aqueous twophase system.
Análise de stakeholders e redes sociais no contexto do zoneamento socioeconômico e ecológico do estado de Mato Grosso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-10)
Curvo, Rodolfo José de Campos
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Silva, Carolina Joana da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5253872582067659
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3236527130366300
The design of law of Socio, Economic and Ecological Zoning of state of Mato Grosso - ZSEE / MT includes a technical and policy that directs the development and occupation of territory and regulating the use of natural resources, establishing different categories of human intervention in the environment state. This study aimed to evaluate and identify the actors (stakeholders), characterizing the conflicts, alliances and environmental demands in the context of ZSEE / MT. The approach outlined is qualitative, focusing on descriptive and exploratory, using documentary research and semi-structured interviews with 65 participants, containing a list of 7 questions in the application form in snowball for development of social networks, questioning the understanding of people and / or social groups on the theme, activities, partners and dominance of interests, conflicts, losses, benefits, demands and suggestions from the proposal ZSEE / MT. The data was written, recorded, transcribed, organized, analyzed, processed and specialized in Excel 2007 spreadsheets and UCINET 6.0. The research has a broad vision for the state of Mato Grosso and on a larger scale with reference to the place of the implementation of work groups and public hearings in the Pólos of Planning Diamantino, Tangará da Serra and Alta Floresta. As result the main highlights is identification and characterization of three definitive Stakeholders, two categories of Mercado e one in the Comunitário category that showed a higher degree of dominance of interests, influence and focus on clear analysis of the social network built. It is extremely important this study, given that there are many aspirations and realities around the ZSEE / MT to generate an infinite number of conflicts and environmental demands, which can be resolved and ease to management models state participatory, transparent and democratic, allowing thus improving the quality of life, respect the dignity and scenarios for justice and environmental sustainability of Mato Grosso and society in general.
Avaliação do uso de múltiplas linhas para a determinação de metais por espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma acoplado indutivamente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-11)
Schiavo, Daniela
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Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2383204240089779
The aim of this thesis was the evaluation of the use of multiple lines for determination of metals by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) with Littrow optical system, Echelle polychromator and CCD solid-state detector. This instrument arrangement allows fast simultaneous measurements of several spectral lines. The combination of more than two emission lines for each element led to advantages as the minimization of systematic errors caused by spectral interferences and matrix effects, improvement of the figures of merit such as limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), and better accuracy for determination of metals in water samples. In this work, several spectral lines were combined for the determination of Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Pb, U and Zn and different operating conditions were evaluated. Afterwards, parameters for evaluation of the calibration model were calculated to select which combination of emission lines provided the best accuracy (lowest values of PRESS Predicted error sum of squares and RMSEP Root means square error of prediction). A total of 63 different combinations of emission lines were evaluated for each element. Lower limits of detection (LOD) were obtained with multiple lines, i. e., 7.1, 0.5, 6.9, 0.042, 12.9, 28.1 and 6.7 μg L-1 (n = 10) for Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Pb and Zn, respectively, in the presence of concomitants. The LODs obtained for the most intense emission line were 15.9, 0.7, 8.4, 0.074, 22.5, 26.2 and 9.6 μg L-1(n = 10) for these same sequence of elements in the presence of concomitants. The evaluation of the accuracy of the developed procedure was demonstrated using one water certified reference material (Lot#005914 High-Purity Standards), Tomato Leaves (NIST 1573a) and Bovine Muscle (NIST 8414). Based on the figures of merit it can be concluded that the use of multiple lines improved the sensitivity making feasible the determination of analytes according to the target values required for the current environmental legislation for water samples (CONAMA resolution no 357) and this approach can also be employed as a tool to verify the accuracy of an analytical procedure using ICP OES. However, the selection of the emission lines is critically dependent on the matrix complexity and consequently on the resulting spectral environment, and these effects were more pronounced when working with digests of plant and animal tissues.
Variação espacial e temporal de uma taxocenose de caprelídeos (Crustacea: Amphipoda) em um ecossistema subtropical sujeito à poluição por hidrocarbonetos de petróleo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-11)
Silva, Danilo Balthazar
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Tanaka, Marcel Okamoto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2768658925977757
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9733801046106862
The petroleum demand, as so as the commerce of its derivates, has caused the introduction of these compounds in marine ecosystems. The transportation and the extraction of petroleum cause severe accidents, impacting coastal ecosystems through a lot of ways. Sargassum beds are very abundant and important to the maintenance of ecological processes in coastal regions. In Sargassum beds the infraorder Amphipoda is one of the most abundant taxonomic groups. Some amphipods species are considered important bioindicators of petrogenic pollution. The Amphipoda Caprellidae shows a high species diversity, and some species are considered strong bioindicators of anthropological impacts. Thus, it can be supposed that, given their potential as bioindicators, caprellids significantly respond to an oil pollutants gradient, as so as others amphipods. The São Sebastião Channel is located at the Brazilian southeastern coast. Oil vessels accidents are among the anthropological impacts in that area. The present study has two chapters. The first one brings evidences of caprellids taxocoenosis structure in a gradient of oil pollutants. The second describes a pattern of temporal variation of caprellids trophic groups. The results suggest that petrogenic pollutants affect caprellids species richness and evenness on the studied scales. A significant pattern of temporal variation was observed in the density of detritivores and omnivores. The results indicate a seasonal segregation in the density of the two groups.
Germinação, conservação, produção de mudas e tolerância à inundação da Vochysia divergens Pohl
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-14)
Fernandez, José Ricardo Castrillon
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Perez, Sonia Cristina Juliano Gualtieri de Andrade
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973185407856723
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8022519807090933
The Vochysia divergens Pohl is an arboreal species of the genus Vochysiaceae, widely distributed in the wetlands of Barão de Melgaço, Poconé and Paraguay across the river Paraguay, usually associated with places that suffer from periodic flooding. Is distributed on an aggregate, forming uniform vegetation types, called cambarazais. Although considered a weed of native grasslands, with potential medicinal, ornamental, and timber melífero. This study examined aspects of germination, storage, vigor, seedling production and survival in an environment flooded. Tests for selection of substrates for germination, indicate that on paper substrates, from paper, roll paper and vermiculite, are effective. The sand substrate was inadequate to conduct tests of germination for this species. To determine the conditions conducive to maintaining the viability of the seeds were tested the packaging in plastic, paper and cans, stored in refrigerator, cold room and under natural conditions. Wrapping in plastic bags or in cans and stored in refrigerator, facilitate the maintenance of seed viability for periods greater than 360 days. To evaluate the efficiency of the accelerated aging test in detecting changes in force, the seeds were incubated in a moist chamber at 41, 43 and 45ºC during the time 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 and 168 hours. After the period of exposition to stress, were conducted germination tests, and temperature 45°C and 72 hours, an efficient combination to verify changes in force. For the production of lantana seedlings were tested three substrate compositions for filling containers such tubes, as follows: commercial substrate, commercial substrate + 20% vermiculite and land area of occurrence of lantana. The results of height, diameter, dry matter indicate that the use of land area cambará fostered the growth of plants for six months. But the use of commercial substrate or with a mixture of vermiculite keeps the plants for only 30 days and is not recommended under these conditions for use in the production of seedlings of this species. To evaluate the tolerance to flooding, lantana plants were subjected to quotas flooding that ranged from zero to 204,5 cm in a hydroperiod in the wetland. The results indicate a survival rate of 30,9% of the plants, when subjected to a maximum level of inundation of 2.04 cm, and 82 days for 73 days without light. Flooding for 32 days with maximum quota of up to 84,5 cm, not interfere with the survival of lantana plants.
Avaliação da diversidade arbórea das ilhas do rio Paraguai, entre Cáceres e Estação Ecológica de Taiamã, Pantanal Matogrossense, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-14)
Castrillon, Solange Kimie Ikeda
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Silva, Carolina Joana da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5253872582067659
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3373034135331436
Several studies have evaluated the mechanisms that determine the different landscapes in the Pantanal, there are multiple factors that are working together on the islands of the Pantanal contributing to the maintenance of its current state. Surveys have been conducted on six islands in the river between Paraguay and Cáceres Taiamã Ecological Station, Pantanal, comparing the diversity of islands from two geomorphological processes: from the rupture of the neck of meander and sedimentation. This study aimed to determine the effects of soil characteristics and flood levels in tree diversity. The samples consisted of 22 plots per island of 10m by 20m down the center and edge, and depositional and eroded sides of the islands. The topographical differences between the plots were measured from the River. We recorded 40 species belonging to 34 genera and 21 families. The indices of Shannon- Weaver diversity ranged from H 'from 1.08 to 2.77. The floristic communities were distinct between the islands of different origins, which are subjected to different periods of flooding. The islands formed by breaking the neck of meander abundace and have higher species richness. The soils of the islands, had an average of clayey to very clayey. The group formed by the most frequent and abundant species in the islands were positively correlated with soil properties that were high on the islands, such as magnesium and saturation of magnesium, and aluminum, clay and silte.O center of the islands is subject to a period of more flooding . There were differences in height between local depositional and erosion occurred in five islands, and the erosional side is higher than the deposition
Estudo da preparação e das propriedades estruturais de catalisadores para a transformação do metano em gás de síntese e hidrocarbonetos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-15)
Mortola, Vanessa Bongalhardo
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Bueno, José Maria Corrêa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0157452280626031
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3939812040651166
Pt catalysts supported on CeO2-La2O3-Al2O3, with different mixed oxide compositions, and CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3, prepared using three different routes, were synthesized by sol gel technique. The samples were characterized using thermal analysis, N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction, diffusive reflectance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of CO adsorption and high resolution transmission electronic microscopy. The Pt dispersion was determined from the data of cyclohexane dehydrogenation rate. In situ temperature programmed reduction and Xray absorption near edge structure using redox treatments were performed trying to find a better understanding for the sample behaviors in the reaction conditions. The catalysts were evaluated in the steam reforming and partial oxidation of methane. In the Pt/CeO2-La2O3-Al2O3 catalysts, the substitution of La for Ce caused a higher stability of CeIII in the alumina structure and higher metal electron density. The oxidation at high temperature caused the Pt agglomeration, on the other hand the reduction treatment lead to a support re-dispersion. The mixed oxides samples with elevated ceria content showed higher activity in the steam reforming and partial oxidation of methane. This behavior was attributed to the ability of promoting the gasification of coke. For the Pt/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3 samples, the solid solution between CeO2 and ZrO2 was dependent on the calcination temperature. Phase segregation was observed for the sample calcined at 950ºC, which decreased the catalytic activity. It was attributed to a smaller O* mobility in this sample.
Diversidade genética em Dourado (Salminus brasiliensis Curvier,1816), uma espécie de grande interesse comercial no Pantanal Mato-grossense
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-18)
Freitas, Lívia Alice de Carvalho Mondin de
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Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478
Salminus brasiliensis is a migratory fish which is distributed in all parts of the rio de la Plata Basin. The Dourado is called the king of the river . It´s one of the most sought after fish by amateur and/or professional fishermen. However, in some regions it is considered to be a vulnerable species. Recent reports have shown the existence of some populations of migratory fish that are genetically structured in the same basin. Considering that the evaluation of variability and genetic structure in natural populations is of great importance for conservation of this species, this study has the objective of examining this question in the populations of S. brasilienses in the region of the Pantanal in Mato Grosso by verifying the existence or not of the genetic structure by means of markers of mitochondrial DNA. Later a phylogeographic approach was carried out to investigate the aspect of genetic evolution of this group of fish, its distribution in all the basin and its relation with the history of the formation of the basins- the relation between the Pantanal, the Parana and Uruguay Rivers Basins. The results shown high genetic diversity and absence of genetic structure, suggesting gene flow between populations of north and south of the Pantanal, probably facilitated by the migratory ability of the species and by the structural characteristics of the region. The presence of shared rare haplotypes evidences this pattern even though exclusive variants occur in each river studied. In relation to the phylogeographic aspects of the group in the limits of the basin of the Rio de la Plata, an old historical contact was verified between the sub-basin of the Parana and Upper Paraguay Rivers, probably occurring at the moment of the formation of the Pantanal. However, analyses has disclosed a current genetic distance between the populations of Dourado in these two areas. Genetic structure was only observed in the Parana River Basin. The Uruguay River Basin and the Pantanal demonstrate genetic similarity. However, it is important to continue evaluation and monitoring of genetic diversity of the natural populations of Dourado to confirm if with other molecular markers if the same pattern will occur as the on in the Pantanal and in the other regions that have been analyzed.