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Análise de expressão e splicing alternativo do gene Mdh-1 de Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-02)
Nagamati Junior, Keize
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Del Lama, Marco Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7198095288825585
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577806509170147
Mdh-1 enzyme locus coding for cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase has three common alleles Mdh-1100 (F), Mdh-180 (M) e Mdh-165 (S) and it has been extensively used as racial marker in populational studies of Apis mellifera. Additional isoforms are detected by electrophoretic analysis during ontogenetic development of A. mellifera, indicating differential expression of this locus, and a large set of evidences suggests that Mdh-1 alleles are under temperature-mediated selection. In this work, we proposed to study molecular aspects of this locus aiming to understand the nature of observed polymorphism and possible mechanisms leading to the formation of additional isoforms. Our results suggest Mdh-1100 as the ancestral allele that gave origin to alleles Mdh-180 and Mdh-165, and electrophoretic mobility differences of allelic products may be attributed to the substitution of a single aminoacid in each variant. Regarding genic expression during development, we re able to determine that both loci Mdh-1 and Mdh-2, coding for mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase, have high expression in larval and late pupal stages, and present a significant decrease in expression during transitional stages between larva and pupa. We also determined that additional isoforms are characteristic of pupae fat body and hemolymph, not being detected in other tissues, appearing at late larval stage and starting to disappear with beginning of pupal pigmentation. We were not able to identify the causes promoting the formation of the new isoforms, but our results suggest that this phenomenon is not due to alternative splicing or expression of a stage- and tissue-specific gene.
Estudo do potencial de regeneração de uma floresta estacional semidecídua, São Paulo, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-02)
Laurito, Sabrina Ferreira
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Soares, João Juares
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6093800182799882
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3949776696807179
Localização de terminais intermodais na rede de escoamento da soja em grão brasileira destinada à exportação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-02)
Almeida, Marina Soares
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Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5992462757071905
Soybean is one of the most important agricultural products grown in Brazil. Comparing to the total volume of grain produced, soybean corresponds to approximately 44% and the midwest region is the largest soybean producer in Brazil. Because of that, the soybean that goes for export, on average, have to go over large distances to reach the maritime ports from where it is exported. Transport costs represent approximately 25% of the total cost what influences directly on the product price in international market. Loading transportation over long distances, such as the Brazilian soybean flows, the intermodal transportation is an alternative to make the soybean flows for export more economical. The efficient loading transportation using more than one modal depends not only on the availability of the transport itself but also on support infrastructure, such as intermodal terminals. In order to support decisions regarding the design and operation of the network flow of soybean for export, this work proposes using a mathematical programming model based on the Theory of Facilities Location to locate intermodal terminals in the network, taking into account not only the physical network, but also flows of soybeans that are moved by its vertices and arcs. We made several computational preliminary tests to verify the adequacy of the model to the reality we want to represent. Given the adequacy of the model, new experiments were done on a network that represents more realistically the present situation of the soybean flows in Brazil.
Considerações taxonômicas sobre os Banchinae e revisão das espécies brasileiras de Glyptini (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-07)
Flórez, Andrés Fabián Herrera
;
Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
The Banchinae is a cosmopolitan group of Ichneumonidae comprising three tribes: Atrophini, Banchini and Glyptini; it includes about 50 genera and 1500 described species. The Banchinae generally have long, apically notched ovipositor, a propodeum without or with only a few carinae, and frequently, a tergite I with spiracles located around or before the centre, and the anterior part of the submetapleural carina expanded into a broad lobe. This work is a taxonomic revision of the subfamily Banchinae with emphasis in the tribe Glyptini from Brazil. This tribe is characterized by the possession of oblique grooves on tergites II-IV. This study is based on the main entomological collections of South and Southeastern Brazil; in total more than 3.000 specimens of the subfamily have been examined, not including all of genera already registered to Brazil. Material from 17 of the 27 States of Brazil has been reviewed, although most of the specimens (70.3%) were collected in São Paulo State. The subfamily Banchinae has been registered so far in four kind of Brazilian biomes: Atlantic Forest, Brazilian Savanna, Amazonia and agroecosystems, between 2 and 2.039 m of altitude. The study has revealed the presence in Brazil of 17 genera of Banchinae, one of them is a new genus; 18 new species of the tribe Glyptini are described. Illustrated keys are given to enable the identification of the tribes and the genera of the subfamily Banchinae and the species of the tribe Glyptini from Brazil.
Análise e caracterização de ataques a rebanhos por morcegos Desmodus rotundus no município de São Pedro (São Paulo, Brasil)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-08)
Mialhe, Paulo Jacques
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Pires, José Salatiel Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3412204514901170
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1258626253162825
In the present study were analyzed and characterized the attacks on herds of livestock by vampire bats Desmodus rotundus in São Pedro (São Paulo, Brazil). It was found that the frequency of attacks of Desmodus rotundus to domestic herbivores in São Pedro-SP during the study period, between 2000 and 2001 was 4.2%, but may have been underestimated due to the extensive management system used for cattle, which constitutes 90.07% of the total herd. In the properties they owned cattle and horses, and therefore with the same time searching for prey by bats because the same distance from the shelter to the properties, there was a higher percentage of attacks on horses in 90.47% of properties indicating the possibility Desmodus have as of this preferred prey animals. We identified nine main shelter of the vampire bat, these three were classified as maternity colonies, all located in caves, with higher numbers of individuals. It was shown that the main shelters Desmodus were closer than 3 km of the main water bodies of the study area, confirming other studies reporting that the major rivers of the state of São Paulo are the major geographical features related to the presence of Desmodus.
Automação em bibliotecas: desenvolvimento e adaptação de aplicativos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-09)
Coelho, Nivaldo Aparecido
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Amaral, Roniberto Morato do
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6958372164719600
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1859528212805428
Given the need for development and adaptation of computational solutions as a way to facilitate the academic life of users of Library Service School of Engineering of São Carlos (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), the objective is to develop and implement solutions in order to fill "gaps" left by library management software. The research method used was action research and as a result was deployed three computing solutions in the organization: 1) Request copies of Production; 2) Renewal and reservation of books; and 3) Loans from libraries. It follows that the solutions are presented as effective tools in increasing the visibility of science produced and services offered by the library of EESC-USP, with use of local human and technological resources.
Purificação do ácido clavulânico por processo de filtração tangencial, extração por sistema de duas fases aquosas e re-extração com resina de troca iônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-09)
Silva, Clóvis Sacardo da
;
Pasotto, Marlei Barboza
Clavulanic acid is a β-lactam substance with low antibiotic activity. Nonetheless, it is an important medicine which acts as a potent β-lactamase inhibitor. These enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of β-lactam ring of antibiotics, leaving them without antibiotic action. It is industrially produced with submerged cultures of Streptomyces clavuligerus, a filamentous bacterium. Extraction and purification studies have shown a very clear and defined course, when it comes to the stages that precede precipitation and crystallization. The extraction processes with ultrafiltration membranes, with organic solvents and extraction in aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) have been studied whereas purification has been studied for processes which involve ion exchange. However, there are few works related to clavulanic acid aqueous two-phase system extraction and they are not conclusive. The present study proposed utilizing the aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) to purify the clavulanic acid and re-extract it with ion exchange adsorption, which might provide information for further studies on coupled processes which operate continuously. The first technique evaluated to re-extract the clavulanic acid was the separation process with membranes, and its results showed a low separation between PEG and clavulanic acid. In a second step, the ion exchange chromatography technique with Amberlite IRA-400Cl and Streamline Q XL resins was used. It was evidenced by the ion exchange chromatography that the Amberlite IRA- 400Cl resin makes the process of re-extraction of clavulanic acid from the top phase possible and that the phosphate present in the top phase makes clavulanic acid adsorption difficult for both studied resins. Addition of ethanol, in order to precipitate the phosphate salts, made the re-extraction of clavulanic acid from the ATPS top phase by Streamline Q XL resin possible. The third step of the global process was the optimization of clavulanic acid extraction using the aqueous two-phase systems. The results showed that it is possible to obtain yields around 100% and a purification factor of 1.5 times for the clavulanic acid. Another characteristic analyzed was the clavulanic acid degradation velocity in the aqueous two-phase system; it was very high at the bottom phase which was rich in phosphate salts. Trials of continuous aqueous twophase system process were performed. This process was shown to be operationally viable. The set of results acquired in this study will allow the study and implementation xxv of a continuous process for the purification of clavulanic acid utilizing the aqueous twophase system.
Análise de stakeholders e redes sociais no contexto do zoneamento socioeconômico e ecológico do estado de Mato Grosso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-10)
Curvo, Rodolfo José de Campos
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Silva, Carolina Joana da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5253872582067659
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3236527130366300
The design of law of Socio, Economic and Ecological Zoning of state of Mato Grosso - ZSEE / MT includes a technical and policy that directs the development and occupation of territory and regulating the use of natural resources, establishing different categories of human intervention in the environment state. This study aimed to evaluate and identify the actors (stakeholders), characterizing the conflicts, alliances and environmental demands in the context of ZSEE / MT. The approach outlined is qualitative, focusing on descriptive and exploratory, using documentary research and semi-structured interviews with 65 participants, containing a list of 7 questions in the application form in snowball for development of social networks, questioning the understanding of people and / or social groups on the theme, activities, partners and dominance of interests, conflicts, losses, benefits, demands and suggestions from the proposal ZSEE / MT. The data was written, recorded, transcribed, organized, analyzed, processed and specialized in Excel 2007 spreadsheets and UCINET 6.0. The research has a broad vision for the state of Mato Grosso and on a larger scale with reference to the place of the implementation of work groups and public hearings in the Pólos of Planning Diamantino, Tangará da Serra and Alta Floresta. As result the main highlights is identification and characterization of three definitive Stakeholders, two categories of Mercado e one in the Comunitário category that showed a higher degree of dominance of interests, influence and focus on clear analysis of the social network built. It is extremely important this study, given that there are many aspirations and realities around the ZSEE / MT to generate an infinite number of conflicts and environmental demands, which can be resolved and ease to management models state participatory, transparent and democratic, allowing thus improving the quality of life, respect the dignity and scenarios for justice and environmental sustainability of Mato Grosso and society in general.
Avaliação do uso de múltiplas linhas para a determinação de metais por espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma acoplado indutivamente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-11)
Schiavo, Daniela
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Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2383204240089779
The aim of this thesis was the evaluation of the use of multiple lines for determination of metals by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) with Littrow optical system, Echelle polychromator and CCD solid-state detector. This instrument arrangement allows fast simultaneous measurements of several spectral lines. The combination of more than two emission lines for each element led to advantages as the minimization of systematic errors caused by spectral interferences and matrix effects, improvement of the figures of merit such as limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), and better accuracy for determination of metals in water samples. In this work, several spectral lines were combined for the determination of Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Pb, U and Zn and different operating conditions were evaluated. Afterwards, parameters for evaluation of the calibration model were calculated to select which combination of emission lines provided the best accuracy (lowest values of PRESS Predicted error sum of squares and RMSEP Root means square error of prediction). A total of 63 different combinations of emission lines were evaluated for each element. Lower limits of detection (LOD) were obtained with multiple lines, i. e., 7.1, 0.5, 6.9, 0.042, 12.9, 28.1 and 6.7 μg L-1 (n = 10) for Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Pb and Zn, respectively, in the presence of concomitants. The LODs obtained for the most intense emission line were 15.9, 0.7, 8.4, 0.074, 22.5, 26.2 and 9.6 μg L-1(n = 10) for these same sequence of elements in the presence of concomitants. The evaluation of the accuracy of the developed procedure was demonstrated using one water certified reference material (Lot#005914 High-Purity Standards), Tomato Leaves (NIST 1573a) and Bovine Muscle (NIST 8414). Based on the figures of merit it can be concluded that the use of multiple lines improved the sensitivity making feasible the determination of analytes according to the target values required for the current environmental legislation for water samples (CONAMA resolution no 357) and this approach can also be employed as a tool to verify the accuracy of an analytical procedure using ICP OES. However, the selection of the emission lines is critically dependent on the matrix complexity and consequently on the resulting spectral environment, and these effects were more pronounced when working with digests of plant and animal tissues.
Variação espacial e temporal de uma taxocenose de caprelídeos (Crustacea: Amphipoda) em um ecossistema subtropical sujeito à poluição por hidrocarbonetos de petróleo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-11)
Silva, Danilo Balthazar
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Tanaka, Marcel Okamoto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2768658925977757
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9733801046106862
The petroleum demand, as so as the commerce of its derivates, has caused the introduction of these compounds in marine ecosystems. The transportation and the extraction of petroleum cause severe accidents, impacting coastal ecosystems through a lot of ways. Sargassum beds are very abundant and important to the maintenance of ecological processes in coastal regions. In Sargassum beds the infraorder Amphipoda is one of the most abundant taxonomic groups. Some amphipods species are considered important bioindicators of petrogenic pollution. The Amphipoda Caprellidae shows a high species diversity, and some species are considered strong bioindicators of anthropological impacts. Thus, it can be supposed that, given their potential as bioindicators, caprellids significantly respond to an oil pollutants gradient, as so as others amphipods. The São Sebastião Channel is located at the Brazilian southeastern coast. Oil vessels accidents are among the anthropological impacts in that area. The present study has two chapters. The first one brings evidences of caprellids taxocoenosis structure in a gradient of oil pollutants. The second describes a pattern of temporal variation of caprellids trophic groups. The results suggest that petrogenic pollutants affect caprellids species richness and evenness on the studied scales. A significant pattern of temporal variation was observed in the density of detritivores and omnivores. The results indicate a seasonal segregation in the density of the two groups.
Germinação, conservação, produção de mudas e tolerância à inundação da Vochysia divergens Pohl
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-14)
Fernandez, José Ricardo Castrillon
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Perez, Sonia Cristina Juliano Gualtieri de Andrade
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973185407856723
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8022519807090933
The Vochysia divergens Pohl is an arboreal species of the genus Vochysiaceae, widely distributed in the wetlands of Barão de Melgaço, Poconé and Paraguay across the river Paraguay, usually associated with places that suffer from periodic flooding. Is distributed on an aggregate, forming uniform vegetation types, called cambarazais. Although considered a weed of native grasslands, with potential medicinal, ornamental, and timber melífero. This study examined aspects of germination, storage, vigor, seedling production and survival in an environment flooded. Tests for selection of substrates for germination, indicate that on paper substrates, from paper, roll paper and vermiculite, are effective. The sand substrate was inadequate to conduct tests of germination for this species. To determine the conditions conducive to maintaining the viability of the seeds were tested the packaging in plastic, paper and cans, stored in refrigerator, cold room and under natural conditions. Wrapping in plastic bags or in cans and stored in refrigerator, facilitate the maintenance of seed viability for periods greater than 360 days. To evaluate the efficiency of the accelerated aging test in detecting changes in force, the seeds were incubated in a moist chamber at 41, 43 and 45ºC during the time 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 and 168 hours. After the period of exposition to stress, were conducted germination tests, and temperature 45°C and 72 hours, an efficient combination to verify changes in force. For the production of lantana seedlings were tested three substrate compositions for filling containers such tubes, as follows: commercial substrate, commercial substrate + 20% vermiculite and land area of occurrence of lantana. The results of height, diameter, dry matter indicate that the use of land area cambará fostered the growth of plants for six months. But the use of commercial substrate or with a mixture of vermiculite keeps the plants for only 30 days and is not recommended under these conditions for use in the production of seedlings of this species. To evaluate the tolerance to flooding, lantana plants were subjected to quotas flooding that ranged from zero to 204,5 cm in a hydroperiod in the wetland. The results indicate a survival rate of 30,9% of the plants, when subjected to a maximum level of inundation of 2.04 cm, and 82 days for 73 days without light. Flooding for 32 days with maximum quota of up to 84,5 cm, not interfere with the survival of lantana plants.
Avaliação da diversidade arbórea das ilhas do rio Paraguai, entre Cáceres e Estação Ecológica de Taiamã, Pantanal Matogrossense, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-14)
Castrillon, Solange Kimie Ikeda
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Silva, Carolina Joana da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5253872582067659
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3373034135331436
Several studies have evaluated the mechanisms that determine the different landscapes in the Pantanal, there are multiple factors that are working together on the islands of the Pantanal contributing to the maintenance of its current state. Surveys have been conducted on six islands in the river between Paraguay and Cáceres Taiamã Ecological Station, Pantanal, comparing the diversity of islands from two geomorphological processes: from the rupture of the neck of meander and sedimentation. This study aimed to determine the effects of soil characteristics and flood levels in tree diversity. The samples consisted of 22 plots per island of 10m by 20m down the center and edge, and depositional and eroded sides of the islands. The topographical differences between the plots were measured from the River. We recorded 40 species belonging to 34 genera and 21 families. The indices of Shannon- Weaver diversity ranged from H 'from 1.08 to 2.77. The floristic communities were distinct between the islands of different origins, which are subjected to different periods of flooding. The islands formed by breaking the neck of meander abundace and have higher species richness. The soils of the islands, had an average of clayey to very clayey. The group formed by the most frequent and abundant species in the islands were positively correlated with soil properties that were high on the islands, such as magnesium and saturation of magnesium, and aluminum, clay and silte.O center of the islands is subject to a period of more flooding . There were differences in height between local depositional and erosion occurred in five islands, and the erosional side is higher than the deposition
Estudo da preparação e das propriedades estruturais de catalisadores para a transformação do metano em gás de síntese e hidrocarbonetos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-15)
Mortola, Vanessa Bongalhardo
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Bueno, José Maria Corrêa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0157452280626031
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3939812040651166
Pt catalysts supported on CeO2-La2O3-Al2O3, with different mixed oxide compositions, and CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3, prepared using three different routes, were synthesized by sol gel technique. The samples were characterized using thermal analysis, N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction, diffusive reflectance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of CO adsorption and high resolution transmission electronic microscopy. The Pt dispersion was determined from the data of cyclohexane dehydrogenation rate. In situ temperature programmed reduction and Xray absorption near edge structure using redox treatments were performed trying to find a better understanding for the sample behaviors in the reaction conditions. The catalysts were evaluated in the steam reforming and partial oxidation of methane. In the Pt/CeO2-La2O3-Al2O3 catalysts, the substitution of La for Ce caused a higher stability of CeIII in the alumina structure and higher metal electron density. The oxidation at high temperature caused the Pt agglomeration, on the other hand the reduction treatment lead to a support re-dispersion. The mixed oxides samples with elevated ceria content showed higher activity in the steam reforming and partial oxidation of methane. This behavior was attributed to the ability of promoting the gasification of coke. For the Pt/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3 samples, the solid solution between CeO2 and ZrO2 was dependent on the calcination temperature. Phase segregation was observed for the sample calcined at 950ºC, which decreased the catalytic activity. It was attributed to a smaller O* mobility in this sample.
Diversidade genética em Dourado (Salminus brasiliensis Curvier,1816), uma espécie de grande interesse comercial no Pantanal Mato-grossense
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-18)
Freitas, Lívia Alice de Carvalho Mondin de
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Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478
Salminus brasiliensis is a migratory fish which is distributed in all parts of the rio de la Plata Basin. The Dourado is called the king of the river . It´s one of the most sought after fish by amateur and/or professional fishermen. However, in some regions it is considered to be a vulnerable species. Recent reports have shown the existence of some populations of migratory fish that are genetically structured in the same basin. Considering that the evaluation of variability and genetic structure in natural populations is of great importance for conservation of this species, this study has the objective of examining this question in the populations of S. brasilienses in the region of the Pantanal in Mato Grosso by verifying the existence or not of the genetic structure by means of markers of mitochondrial DNA. Later a phylogeographic approach was carried out to investigate the aspect of genetic evolution of this group of fish, its distribution in all the basin and its relation with the history of the formation of the basins- the relation between the Pantanal, the Parana and Uruguay Rivers Basins. The results shown high genetic diversity and absence of genetic structure, suggesting gene flow between populations of north and south of the Pantanal, probably facilitated by the migratory ability of the species and by the structural characteristics of the region. The presence of shared rare haplotypes evidences this pattern even though exclusive variants occur in each river studied. In relation to the phylogeographic aspects of the group in the limits of the basin of the Rio de la Plata, an old historical contact was verified between the sub-basin of the Parana and Upper Paraguay Rivers, probably occurring at the moment of the formation of the Pantanal. However, analyses has disclosed a current genetic distance between the populations of Dourado in these two areas. Genetic structure was only observed in the Parana River Basin. The Uruguay River Basin and the Pantanal demonstrate genetic similarity. However, it is important to continue evaluation and monitoring of genetic diversity of the natural populations of Dourado to confirm if with other molecular markers if the same pattern will occur as the on in the Pantanal and in the other regions that have been analyzed.
Morfoanatomia do fruto de açaí em função do teor de água utilizando microscopia óptica e microtomografia de raios-X
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-18)
Ribeiro, Gisele Vieira
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Pessoa, José Dalton Cruz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4212703554284544
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3390309188958624
Tendo em vista a escassez literária referente a frutos de açaí (Euterpe oleracea - Mart.), este trabalho foi desenvolvido com ênfase anatômica, recorrendo a técnicas usuais de microscopia de luz e microtomografia de raios-X. Foi descrita a flor masculina e principalmente o desenvolvimento dos frutos de açaí em diferentes estádios de maturação. Durante a maturação destes foi observada a presença de compostos fenólicos presentes no parênquima externo, no caso, antocianinas. As células do endocarpo, que inclusive se projetam para dentro do endosperma, também acumulam compostos fenólicos. Na região intermediária do mesocarpo há um parênquima de reserva, contendo glóbulos lipídicos. Internamente a este, há uma grande quantidade de monostelos (sistema vascular) e, externamente, uma camada de esclerênquima. Após a colheita dos frutos observou-se que sua exposição à temperatura ambiente após 24 horas pode causar efeitos prejudiciais a sua estrutura. Tais alterações causadas pela desidratação dos tecidos foram analisadas através da microtomografia de raios- X. Este método foi eficaz e não destrutivo, preservando a integridade das amostras. Pela técnica de microscopia de luz, haveria dúvida se as alterações seriam causadas pela desidratação ou se seriam artefato de técnica. Nos tecidos dos frutos submetidos à desidratação foram identificadas rupturas e retrações, que causaram efeitos irreversíveis a estrutura interna, com perda de aproximadamente 5% de massa fresca. Ambos os métodos utilizados para a identificação estrutural dos frutos de açaí foram eficazes. As técnicas de microscopia de luz contribuíram para o melhor reconhecimento dos tecidos durante a posterior análise pela microtomografia de raios-X. Através das observações realizadas nas imagens microtomográficas, considerou-se que os efeitos poderiam interferir no processo de despolpamento dos frutos de açaí. Assim os frutos foram submetidos aos processos de desidratação, hidratação e posterior extração do mesocarpo. Foram obtidos valores máximos de rendimento em frutos que tiveram variação de massa fresca com aproximadamente -3% e posteriormente reidratados. Valores próximos de -5% desestruturaram significativamente o mesocarpo, diminuindo os valores de rendimento. Contudo, as desidratações amenas com variação de massa fresca de aproximadamente -3% e posterior imersão dos frutos em água até saturação aumentam consideravelmente os valores de rendimento, obtendo-se assim valores máximos de massa despolpada.
Utilização de uma abordagem híbrida System Dynamics- Factory Physics para a investigação do efeito de ações de melhoria contínua na redução do lead time
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-18)
Guimarães, Alyne de Andrade
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Godinho Filho, Moacir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6136685270563354
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0385394683867028
Nowadays, with the competitive environment dominating the world scene, companies need to be alert to continuous improvement opportunities. In this scene lead time reduction arises as one of the greatest goal to be accomplished. Within this context, the main goal of this research is to study the effect of continuous improvement in shop floor variables (such as variability, setup time, defect rate, among others) on lead time reduction for two productive environments: one with single machine and another flow shop environment. This is done using a quantitative model, which uses a hybrid System Dynamics factory Physics approach. This model was created by Godinho Filho and Uzsoy (2008a, 2008b, 2009). In this research this single machine model is extended by means of adding more workstations in order to create flow shop environment. Besides to the main goal, this research has the following specifics goals: (1) Check if the results found by Godinho Filho e Uzsoy (2008a, 2008b, 2009) are the same for scenes with different characteristics of productive system. (2) Determine if the positive effect in lead time of a continuous improvement action in the shop floor variables is sensitive to characteristics of productive system. If so, how is the relationship between the improvement action and the productive system. (3)Compare the results related with the two previous objectives for the single machine and flow shop cases. The results found in this research proved that conclusions made by Godinho Filho e Uzsoy (2008a, 2008b, 2009) are robusts for different characteristics of productive system in the single machine and flow shop environments studied in this research. In simulated scenes for these environments, the continuous improvements actions in processing time variability and setup time are the most effective in lead time reduction. Furthermore, the positive effect made by the improvement action in lead time is proved sensitive to almost the same characteristics of productive system for single machine and flow shop environments. For these environments, improvement actions in time to failures and repair time are the most sensitive to different characteristics and the most appropriate in productive systems with negative characteristics (e.g. high setup times, high processing time variability, among others). Results generated by quantitative model in this research were analyzed using design of experiments to obtain conclusions.
Gestão competitiva em empresas brasileiras: a prática da estratégia por meio de suas visões, ferramentas e atores do processo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-18)
Maia, Jonas Lucio
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Alves Filho, Alceu Gomes
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7885557554922569
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0078457646573985
The complexity assigned to the strategy term has been largely discussed in the literature. The large amount of theoretical contributions to this issue, brought by several knowledge areas; the different tools proposed by academicians and consultants to operationalize its concepts, the plurality of actors that play their roles inside the organizational field are just some examples of the building blocks of such complexity. Also relevant to this discussion is the movement named Strategy as Practice , initiated by European researchers in order to bring a sociological focus to organizational strategies, considering them as something a company does instead of something a company has. Thus, the main goal of this thesis is to identify and compare how Brazilian companies actually practice their competitive strategy, and to what extent/in which way such practice is aligned with the main firm s idiosyncratic variables and with their competitive environments. In order to achieve such goal, this work took advantage of a mixed research method, with a survey with companies listed on Brazilian Stock Exchange and six case studies. Concerning industry perception and company praxis, the main findings indicate that: (1) the internal and external views of competitive advantage are, indeed, perceived as complementary regarding firm strategies; (2) even in more traditional industries, companies perceive their environment as dynamic, due to companies´ mobility, group consolidations or internal rivalry; (3) even in industry with high barriers to entry, firms regularly adopt a surveillance approach to monitor newcomers; (4) innovation tends to be more focused on process than on products, and there is a gap between intended and implemented innovation; (5) the perception of resources and competences spread throughout company networks suggests that controlling these resources may be more important than owning them; (6) at least in the studied companies, low relevance has been assigned to knowledge as a strategic advantage. Regarding strategy practices: (7) an annual strategy planning cycle takes place, focused on formulation activities and perceived as static in nature; (8) workshops and performance meetings were the most often identified strategic events; (9) strategy tools were perceived as highly effective and mainly targeted at structuring analysis and ensuring strategy implementation, with special emphasis to the abundance of financial tools and lack of creativity ones. Concluding, concerning practitioners: (10) it could by empirically identified the existence of an organizational structure responsible for companies strategic planning, generally close to financial areas; (11) those generally involved in strategic activities show a primarily analytical profile, with low presence of women; (12) senior executives have developed their careers mainly inside the company or inside the industry, with relevant business knowledge, while middle management plays its role by implementing decisions made by high executives; (13) consultancies tend to be highly used, and their recontracting is contingent upon the patterns of their involvement in the strategy process; (14) business press has been assigned low relevance, being substituted in some cases by financial releases or by information from industry entities.
WOntoVLab: um processo para autoria de laboratórios virtuais baseado em workflows e ontologias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-21)
Cugler, Daniel Cintra
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Santos, Marilde Terezinha Prado
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9826026025118073
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6695618899739556
Virtual laboratories can be used by educational institutions to facilitate and enrich the learning of specific procedures, however they can be also used by industry in demonstrations, tests and trainings. Laboratorial practices are normally performed in physical laboratories, but sometimes it is necessary to afford a great amount of money to acquire apparatuses and physical space to build them. In this context, virtual laboratories have been used as a solution at less cost to provide environments that support the simulation of experiments in computers. However, in order to provide such an environment, it is recommended that users not only create experiments that require the accomplishment of a protocol (guide), but also be able to identify different possibilities of execution of a same task, considering similar apparatuses and procedures. In this context, it is defined in this research the WOntoVLab, a virtual laboratory authorship process based on workflows and ontologies that performs recommendations of apparatuses in the authorship process and also represents experiment protocols based on semantic vocabulary and alternative steps. It is also detailed a estudy case performed in the molecular biology domain, focused in the DNA extraction experiment. The study case is performed using the virtual laboratory prototype developed, which is totally based in the WOntoVLab process. Lastly, it is mentioned the contributions of this research: the WOntoVLab process, WPF framework and WPF-WS framework.
O uso de informações semânticas do PALAVRAS : em busca do aprimoramento da seleção de unidades textuais correferentes na sumarização automática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-21)
Tomazela, Élen Cátia
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Rino, Lúcia Helena Machado
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0315640846525832
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5260837297000438
This dissertation aims at presenting a theoretical heuristic model which not only takes into consideration the Veins Theory, but also semantic information obtained from the Parser PALAVRAS to improve the selection of correferential textual units to be included in automatic summaries. Based on the analysis of the problems presented by VeinSum, an automatic summarizer, two main issues have been raised: the necessity of improving its summaries salience and reducing their size so that they suit the compression rate more adequately. Better results can be achieved through the elimination of irrelevant textual units although the summaries referential clarity may not be damaged. Heuristics based on the semantic information have then been proposed. Despite the semantic annotation inconsistencies, all the noun phrases that compose the Summ-it Corpus have been post-edited manually, which increases the credibility of the heuristics. Eleven texts from the corpus have been analysed and the results obtained are satisfactory, although a wider study would be required to better evaluate the results of this proposal.
Hipoelipticidade global de campos vetoriais no toro TN
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-06-21)
Nascimento, Moisés Aparecido do
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Santos, Luís Antônio Carvalho dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5936461714940890
In this work, we will see that if the transpose operator of a smooth real vector field L defined on the N-dimensional torus, regarded as a linear differential operator with coefficients in C1(TN), is globally hypoelliptic, then there exists a vector field with constant coefficients L0 such that L and L0 are C1-conjugated, with such constants satisfying a condition called Diofantina (*). We will also show the converse of this fact, that is, if there is a coordinate system such that in this new system L has constant coefficients with such constant satisfying the Diophantine condition (*) then its transpose L* is globally hypoelliptic. We will see that the Diophantine condition implies that the flow generated by the field, regarded as a Dynamical system is minimal.