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Estudo sobre a ictiofauna do rio Sapucaí Mirim, afluente da margem esquerda do rio Grande no estado de São Paulo: composição, distribuição espacial e sazonalidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-06) Cesário, Vinícius Vendramini; Garavello, Júlio César; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2778105126670170; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3929398243179513
The ichthyofauna of Sapucaí Mirim River, a tributary of Grande River at upper Paraná River was studied with a purpose on composition, seasonality and distribution environments. Samples were collected from June 2007 to June 2009. Different fishing gears were used to obtain samples: fine-mesh sieve, gill nets and cast nets of different mesh sizes and trawl. The results included the collection of 2,097 specimens belonging to 76 species of fish, divided into six Orders (Characiformes with 35 species, Siluriformes with 30, Perciformes with 5, Gymnotiformes with 3, Cyprinodontiformes with 2 and Synbranchiformes with one. The ichthyofauna composition showed slight dominance of Characiformes (46%) on Siluriformes (39%) and a high dominance of these two orders in relation to other orders: Perciformes (7%), Gymnotiformes (4%), Cyprinodontiformes (3%) and Synbranchiformes (1%). Defined a group of species listed among the main: Astyanax altiparanae, A. fasciatus, Steindachnerina insculpta, Leporinus friderici, Hypostomus ancistroides, Hypostomus strigaticeps, Hypostomus sp.1 and Rhamdia quelen. Defined a group of accessory species: Astyanax schubarti, Galeocharax knerii, Hoplosternum littorale, Hypostomus sp.2, Loricaria cf. lentiginosa, Schizodon nasutus and finally, a group of rare species: Bryconamericus sp., Leporinus striatus, Megalechis personata, Pimelodus sp., Pseudopimelodus mangurus, Salminus brasiliensis. Considerations on the preferred environment of the species in different sampling points and a comparison of the ichthyofauna Sapucaí Mirim River and the river Grande within the reservoir UHE Porto Colombia are presented here.
Docking de compostos da família das ariloxazinas em enzimas relacionadas com a malária
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-06) Corrêa, Denis da Silva; Caracelli, Ignez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8956527354576143; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8543015864671187
Malaria disease, caused mainly by Plasmodium falciparum parasite, afflicts about 500 million people and causes nearly one million deaths every year. For the development of new drugs against this disease, one possible approach is to identify an enzyme that plays a key role in P. falciparum development and presents significantly different properties from the corresponding human one. These differences can be exploited in the design of specific inhibitors of the parasite s protein, thus, three different enzymes were selected as possible targets. As there are evidences suggesting that increasing oxidative stress can effectively inhibit the growth of the malarial parasite the enzyme Glutathione Reductase of P. falciparum (PfGR), responsible for the parasite s antioxidant defense, has become a potential target for the design and development of inhibitors. The second target was the P. falciparum Dihydrofolate Reductase-Thymidylate Synthase (PfDHFR-TS), and in this case blocking its action stops the dTMP production and DNA synthesis in the parasite. The third chosen target was the P. falciparum Lactate Dehydrogenase (PfLDH), whose inhibition interrupts the ATP formation and thus causing the death of the parasite. So that a family of arilloxazines compounds, together with chloroquine and methylene blue, were studied by means of docking simulations in the binding sites of these enzymes and also in the corresponding human enzymes for comparison. The three-dimensional structures of the enzymes and of chloroquine and methylene blue were obtained from the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The structures of the arilloxazines compounds, in turn, were obtained by molecular modeling with HyperChem 6.01 and MOPAC2009 programs, using as starting models similar crystallographic structures deposited in the Cambridge Structural Database. Docking simulations were performed using GOLD 4.0.1. The docking results showed that the enzymes PfGR and PfDHFR-TS are not the preferential targets of chloroquine. For the methylene blue it was possible to elucidate its binding mode in hGR and PfGR. Regarding the arilloxazines it was possible to show that they present their higher affinity for hGR, followed by PfGR, hDHFR, PfDHFR-TS, PfLDH and hLDH. In the case of GRs, the interface site was the preferred binding site. The results suggest that if arilloxazines compounds with higher affinity for PfGR are desirable then a pentafluorophenyl should be attached at the N10 position, as in the 2e compound. When searching for arilloxazines with higher affinity for PfLDH, it seems to be desirable a carboxymethyl group at the N3 position (as in 5b) and a pentafluorophenyl group at N10 (as in 2e). Finally, the results suggest that in general the studied arilloxazines probably will present a higher affinity for hDHFR than PfDHFR-TS. All these results are an important starting point for the design of new arilloxazines ligands so that they can be used as lead compounds in the search for new drugs against malaria.
Estresse oxidativo em matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829, Characidae), exposto ao inseticida piretroide Keshet®
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-06) Cortella, Lucas Ribeiro Xavier; Moraes, Gilberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4427903557163246; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6929168247603601
Planejamento educacional individualizado na educação especial: propostas oficiais da Itália, França, Estados Unidos e Espanha
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-06) Valadão, Gabriela Tannús; Mendes, Enicéia Gonçalves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0248341559503184
The Salamanca Statement (1994) advocated the practice of schooling for people with disabilities in the regular classroom and into mainstream schools, stressing the need to optimize the planning tool into pedagogic practices in order to meet the special educational needs of some students within heterogeneous classrooms. In several European and North American countries, the oficialization of the individual education practice plan is one of the intervention tools used to improve the students with disabilities education. Although the names used for this practice vary between countries and terms such as plan/planning/project, educational/scholastic/ enrollment, and personalized/individual are largely employed, these proposals focus on the existence of legal provisions to ensure to all students in situation of disability the right to an individual educational plan (IEP) tailored to meet their individual needs. There is no legal requirement for this issue in Brazil. This lack explains some of the current problems outlined by the inclusive policy and practice in our education system. This paper aimed to describe, analyze and compare the IEP proposals adopted by Italy, France, U.S., and Spain, seeking to comprehend the IEP regulation in these countries and to identify parameters to elaborate proposals enlightening the paths to follow to implement this practice in Brazil. It was a documentary study based on available data from the official websites of the Ministry of Education in those countries between 1994 and 2008. The applied methodology envolved the following stages: 1) preliminary feasibility study for a research proposal; 2) search, identification, and selection of official documents; 3) content analysis of documents related to the practice of IEP; 4) data organization; and, 5) data description and analysis. The results showed diversity between countries including the concept of school inclusion, the radical and/or total inclusion and the inclusion that presumes the existence of the continuum of support services. They also presented the variety in models of IEP from those who relate solely to the schooling to those who contemplate a more widespread attention beyond the realm of school life. The conclusions highlight the importance of legal provisions on the implementation of the IEP for students with disabilities to ensure the right of school education.
Genética de populações e relações de parentesco em Ciconiiformes (Aves)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-06) Miño, Carolina Isabel; Del Lama, Sílvia Nassif; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7893772074091604; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7893772074091604
Population genetic parameters and genetic relatedness estimates were carried out for Roseate Spoonbill (Platalea ajaja), Wood Stork (Mycteria americana) and Great Egret (Ardea alba egretta) reproductive colonies in Amapa, Pantanal and Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. Microsatellite genotypes were used to investigate kinship patterns between nestlings sampled inside the same nests, using a variety of analytical approaches. Unrelated nestling-pairs were observed in Roseate Spoonbill nests (6.12% of analyzed nests) and in Wood Stork nests (11.34%); half-siblings were present in Roseate Spoonbill nests as well (1.36%). Only full-siblings were detected inside Great Egret nests. Conspecific brood parasitism (CBP) and extra-pair paternity were proposed to account for the presence of unrelated nestmates and half-siblings, respectively, in Roseate Spoonbill and Wood Stork nests. Those results suggest the occurrence of a mating system different than genetic monogamy in natural populations of those waterbirds. Genetic relatedness was also investigated for adults and offspring, as well as for supposed siblings in Roseate Spoonbill families kept in three zoological facilities in the U.S. Paternity and maternity allocation analyses through maximum-likelihood revealed that errors were present in zoo‟s studbooks in relation to the familial records. We also identified mating between related individuals that were not detected previously by zookeepers. Population genetic parameters were also estimated and demographic processes were assessed for Great Egret reproductive colonies in the Pantanal and Rio Grande do Su, Brazil. Bayesian clustering analyses, assignment tests, analysis of molecular variance, F-statistics estimates, allelic frequency distribution and the G-W index revealed that: i) Pantanal reproductive colonies are genetically differentiated from Rio Grande do Sul colonies; ii) an IBD-like pattern alone cannot explain that differentiation; and iii) genetic signal of a reduction of population size was present for two colonies in the Pantanal and one in Rio Grande do Sul. Results were discussed considering a metapopulation dynamic and also considering that populations from both Brazilian regions represent distinct units and deserve to be treated separately when planning and carrying out conservation and management programs that aim to preserve the species‟ genetic diversity.
A participação da comunidade escolar em uma escola transformada em comunidade de aprendizagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-06) Caires, Sueli de Fatima Barbosa; Conti, Celso Luiz Aparecido; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6967887143687279; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5240485625681536
This work aimed to characterize and analyze the ways of school community s participation in the daily routine of a school unity transformed into Learning Communities, in particular examining the participation in decision processes as a fundamental aspect of democratic management of education. We tried to understand the factors that facilitated or hindered participation in the context of the school studied. The proposed Learning Communities aims to transform social and cultural life of the school and its surroundings and is based on dialogic learning as a means to seek the highest quality education for everyone. Learning Communities is a proposal developed by the Special Centre for Research in Theories and Practices for Overcoming Inequalities (Centro Especial de Investigação em Teorias e Práticas Superadoras de Desigualdades CREA, in portuguese), of the University of Barcelona, has established in Spain as a successful experience. Today is being developed in several countries, including Brazil. The research was conducted at a school in the São Carlos urban periphery (SP), transformed into Learning Communities, based on some principles of Critical Communicative Methodology, which has references to the Paulo Freire s concept of dialogue, and the Jürgen Habermas theory of communicative action. The study was developed by quantitative data - a questionnaire administered by researchers inserted in the investigation into Learning Communities - and qualitative data - from interviews with managers of the school. Following the principles of critical communicative methodology, the process of data analysis was developed jointly between the participants and the researcher is talking about the content posted, the categories listed and understandings made, and coming to a consensus on the analysis dimensions of transformational and barriers to participation. We have observed that many changes occurred in the life of the school since the implementation of the proposed Learning Communities. Among them, egalitarian dialogue s reinforcement in relationships, which favored the school community participation in various spaces. We stress, however, the necessary support of management education as an indispensable element in creating and sustaining a school environment that stimulates democratic coexistence, because it does not occur spontaneously without intentional and permanent purposeful actions.
Análise estrutural de filmes finos de hematita produzidos por spin-coating para geração de hidrogênio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-06) Lima, Bruno Henrique Ramos de; Leite, Edson Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5096229531831897
Water photolysis at semiconductors is a clean and renewable method for solar energy conversion into hydrogen fuel. Hematite (-Fe2O3) thin films have been presented as a promissory material for water photolysis due to it s abundance, chemical stability, environmental compatibility and appropriate band gap energy to absorb a large part of the solar spectrum and for the water photooxidation process. In this work the influence of synthesis and deposition parameters on the microstructure and photoelectrochemical properties were studied. The films were produced on FTO substrates by spin-coating deposition of Fe+3 polymeric resin prepared by complex polymerization method using ethanol as a solvent. Doped films were prepared by addition of tetraethylortosilicate (TEOS) in Fe+3 resin. Characterizations were made by xrays diffraction, UV-Visible spectroscopy and scanning electronic microscopy. Photoelectrochemical properties were measured in a three-electrode standard electrochemical cell, with the film as a work electrode, platinum as a counter electrode and Ag/AgCl in KCl satured solution as reference electrode. Results have shown that substrate-film interface is responsible for the formation of three regions with distinct morphologies and have shown that just a small percentage of the films are in direct contact with the substrate and contributes with photocurrent. The better silicon incorporation in hematite structure using ethanol as a solvent was also observed. The best photocurrent density were obtained by one layer silicon doped films, at 0,6 V in 1M NaOH electrolyte.