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Proposta de solução de problemas de scheduling considerando possibilidade de terceirização usando a técnica de otimização por colônia de formigas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-25)
Tavares Neto, Roberto Fernandes
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Godinho Filho, Moacir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6136685270563354
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6954662222457389
Althought the scheduling-related literature has a high level of diversity, just a small group have been considering the possibility of outsource a set of tasks. During a literature review, only two papers related to this theme were found, both dealing on scheduling projects with outsource possibilities on single-machine environments. Along with this scenario, it was possible to stablish the ACO (Ant Colony Optimization) algorithm as a promissing tecnique to solve combinatorial problems, including scheduling problems. This thesis approaches two scheduling problems with outsourcing allowed: (i) a scheduling problem in single machine manufacturing environment and (ii) a scheduling problem in a flowshop environment. For each problem, a new ACO algorithm is proposed and implemented. To verify the quality of the results, are also proposed and implemented: (i) a mathemetical programming model for the single machine environment problem; (ii) a branch and bound algorithm for the single machine environment problem and (iii) a a mathemetical programming model for the flowshop environment problem. The results shown that both ACO algorithms generate close-to-optimal results in a shorter computational time. In the case of the single machine environment problem, the presented results are best than the results related on the literature.
Desenvolvimento de procedimentos para análise inorgânica de biodiesel usando técnicas espectroanalíticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-25)
Amais, Renata Stábile
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Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7317673960456628
In this work, analytical procedures are proposed for the determination of major and trace elements in biodiesel samples employing flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F AAS), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Biodiesel samples used in this work were produced from different oleaginous sources (African palm, castor beans, palm, soybeans and an unknown oleaginous). Samples were prepared as microemulsion composed of biodiesel, Triton X-100, HNO3 20 % (v v-1) and n-propanol in the following proportion, 10:5:5:80 (v v-1), respectively. Calcium, Mg and Zn determinations were carried out by F AAS and two nebulization strategies were evaluated, conventional continuous nebulization (CN) and discrete aspiration (DA). Relative standard deviations (RSD) using DA were lower than 4.0, 2.2 and 5.7 % (n = 10) for Ca, Mg, and Zn, respectively. Matrix effects were evaluated by standard additions methods and external calibration using mineral oil to simulate the matrix of biodiesel and inorganic standards. The accuracy of the procedure was checked using addition and recovery experiments for different biodiesel samples and recoveries ranged from 90.8 to 115 %. Moreover, sensitivities reached by using DA for Ca, Mg and Zn were 2.5, 6.1, and 7.0-fold higher, respectively, than those obtained when employing CN. The introduction of microemulsions in ICP OES for Ca, Mg, Na, K, P, and S determinations and the use of oxygen in the composition of auxiliary gas of the plasma to avoid and/or correct matrix effects caused by the high carbon load due to the introduction of biodiesel microemulsions were evaluated. The oxygen gas and nebulization gas flow rates were optimized by measuring intensity signals and signalto- background ratio (SBR) and were fixed at 0.16 and 0.70 L min-1, respectively. Figures of merit were investigated and a good linear correlation was observed (r > 0.99) for different emission lines monitored. The accuracy was evaluated by addition and recovery experiments using different biodiesel samples by monitoring different emission lines and recoveries ranged from 103.3 to 117.5, 93.5 to 113.5, 76.3 to 92.5 and 93.3 to 116.1 % for Ca, Mg, P and S, respectively. The determinations of Na and K were not accurate probably due to the high carbon load content of microemulsions and the high background-signals in the vicinities of their emission lines. xiii Finally, the determination of trace elements in biodiesel samples (Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ti, and Zn) employing ICP-MS and microemulsions was evaluated. Analogously to the developed procedure using ICP OES, the addition of oxygen gas to the composition of auxiliary gas of the plasma was evaluated and proper performance was attained at 37.5 mL min-1, 4.4-fold lower than the flow rate optimized for ICP OES measurements. Limits of detection employing oxygen gas in the composition of the plasma were higher than without using it, as well as the sensitivities (slopes of analytical calibration curves) were lower when oxygen gas was added to the plasma, probably due to the highest formation of oxides. However, despite oxides formation best accuracies were reached when employing oxygen gas.
Estratégias familiares e sustentabilidade econômica em assentamento rural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-25)
Gaspari, Luciane Cristina de
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Beskow, Paulo Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5370208348544496
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4857503984068571
The economic sustainability of family farms is a major factor in promoting sustainable development in areas of rural settlements. Thus, this study sought to identify systemic approach through what are the strategies of the families who work together for the perpetuation of the familiar form of land use in order to encourage them through public policies. As economic indicators we used the value-added and value added per worker, considering the relevant aspects of establishments such as family characteristics, socioeconomic, cultural and quality of life, work organization and production, productive infrastructure, level dependence, reproductive strategies and future expectations, and the commercialization of products. Among the strategies studied the agricultural income of family farms that sell to the agricultural industry has the best performance, however the dependency and risk are high, which can lead to economic sustainability. Already in establishments that do not trade with agro farm income is lower, but is more likely to persist over time. Among these establishments, farm products that drains directly is more advantageous from the perspective of agricultural income and consumption. This reaffirms the idea that the creation of sites for the direct marketing cooperation for sustainable development in the field with decent living conditions.
Recepção das imagens da periferia no cinema brasileiro contemporâneo por alunos de uma escola pública na periferia da cidade de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-25)
Costa, Paulo Roberto da
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Pellegrini, Tânia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0280434883580627
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3368537857766619
Estudo quimiossistemático de espécies de Hortia (Rutaceae) e busca de fungicidas à Guignardia citricarpa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-26)
Freitas, Samya Danielle Lima de
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Silva, Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0457632122660653
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7961603023838547
The classification of the Hortia genus, belonging to the Rutaceae, is ambiguous. Hortia, which has been placed in Cusparieae by De Candolle in 1824, in the most recent morphological classification of Engler in 1931 it belongs to Toddalieae. More recently, Silva and colleagues classified again Hortia in Cusparieae. However, the phytochemical study of the species from Hortia genus still not allow classify correctly it inside the family. Thus, the phytochemical study of Hortia described in this paper aims to contribute with the chemosystematics of the Rutaceae and with the best classification of the genus inside the family. The study of the species H. oreadica, H. brasiliana and H. superba led to the isolation and identification of 11 substances, the alkaloids N-methyl-4- methoxy-quinolin-2-one (01), integriquinolone (02), new in the genus Hortia, rutaecarpine (03), the coumarins scoparone (04) xanthotoxin (05), which were first described in the species H. superba, isopimpinellin (06), new in the genus Hortia, 5- chloro-8-methoxy-furanocoumarin (07), new in the literature, prangol (08) and heraclenol (09), and the flavonoids isosakuranetin (10) and neoponcirin (11), the latter being new in the genus Hortia. The presence of metabolites such as alkaloids, coumarins and flavonoids confirm that Hortia belongs to the Rutaceae family, even so are not clear its accurate positioning. Some of the isolated compounds were tested against the inhibition of Guignardia citricarpa following two methods of inhibition assays. One based on inhibition of G. citricarpa in vitro against growth mycelial, by the method of incorporation into the culture medium. The other based on the inhibition test to G. citricarpa in vitro on spore germination and appressorium formation by the method of germination of spores on plates of polystyrene. The first methodology only evaluated the inhibition of the formation of mycelia and it is not directly involved in the infection process of plants, already the second one evaluated the inhibition of reproductive structures of microorganisms (spores), responsible for the infection process. The average growth mycelial for all substances tested revealed the alkaloid N-methyl-4-methoxy-2-quinolin-2-one (100 μg.mL-1) as the most effective among all the substances tested. As the inhibition front of spore germination and appressorium formation, the results were quite satisfactory, the coumarin scoparone (100 μg.mL-1) showed 96% of inhibition spore germination and 99% for the formation of appressorium, the alkaloid N-methyl-4-methoxy-2-quinolin-2-one (100 μg.mL-1) with 83% and 91%, and the flavonoid isosakuranetin (100 μg.mL-1) with 71,4% and 80%, respectively. Therefore, from this study it was found that some natural products with antifungal activity revealed important sources in the discovery of new products free of toxicity and effective as a fungicide.
Efeitos do laser de baixa intensidade e do Biosilicato® no reparo ósseo de ratas osteopênicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-26)
Bossini, Paulo Sérgio
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Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5527703735628408
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1256982144741336
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone density and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, with consequent increase of the risk of fractures. Frequently, the lower mineral density due to osteoporosis leads to a delay in fracture healing rates and bone repair quality. Within this context, biochemical and biophysical resources have been studied in an attempt to enhance bone consolidation. Two of the most promising treatments are the use of low level laser therapy (LLLT) and bioactive materials. Several studies suggest that both resources are able to stimulate osteoblast proliferation and osteogenesis at the fracture site, promoting a greater deposition of bone mass. Thus, two studies were performed with the aim of evaluating the effects of LLLT (Ga-Al-As, 830nm, 100mW), with the fluences of 60J/cm² and 120J/cm² and a bioactive ceramic (Biosilicate®), used alone or associated on consolidation of bone defects induced in the tibiae of osteopenic rats. A total of 60 female Wistar rats (12 weeks-old, ± 250g) were submitted to ovariectomy (OVX) and, sixty days after the induction, a bone defect was performed in both tibiae of all animals. The animals were randomly divided into six groups (n=10). In the first study, the effects of LLLT on the bone repair of osteopenic rats were evaluated in three groups: group bone defect control without any treatment (GC); group bone defect irradiated with LLLT, at 60J/cm² (GL60); and group bone defect irradiated with LLLT, at 120J/cm² (GL120). The animals were submitted to laser irradiation at a single point on the bone defect for seven sessions, on alternated days. In the laser treated groups, at both fluences, it was possible to observe a greater amount of new bone formation compared to the control. Birefringence analysis demonstrated that irradiated bone defects presented greater deposition and improved the structural organization of collagen fibers, mainly in the group treated with the laser, at 120J/cm². COX-2, CBFA-1 and VEGF immunoreactivity was detected in a similar manner either 60J/cm2 or 120J/cm2 fluences. However, no differences were observed in the biomechanical analysis. Therefore, the LLLT, at the two fluences used, improved the bone repair in the tibia of osteopenic rats. In the second study, the effects of Biosilicate® associated with LLLT on bone repair in osteopenic rats were analyzed in four groups: group bone defect control without any treatment (GC); group bone defect filled with Biosilicate® (GB); group bone defect filled with Biosilicate®, irradiated with LLLT, at 60J/cm2 (GBL60); and group bone defect filled with Biosilicate®, irradiated with LLLT, at 120J/cm2 (GBL120). Biosilicate® was used in the form of particles with granulometry of 180-212μm and the treated animals were irradiated with laser at a single point on the bone defect for seven sessions, on alternated days. The results demonstrated that the LLLT, with fluences of 60J/cm² and 120J/cm² stimulated the expression of COX-2 in the circumjacent cells of the biomaterial, increased of the collagen deposition and the biomechanical bone properties. Morphometric analysis revealed that the animals with bone defects filled with Biosilicate® and irradiated with laser, at 120J/cm² showed a higher amount of newly formed bone compared to the other groups. Thus, the LLLT, mainly in fluency 120J/cm² in contact with Biosilicate® improved the bone repair process in osteopenic rats. These findings are fundamental in elucidating the biological mechanisms involved in the repair of fractures with difficult consolidation, especially those associated with bone metabolic disease processes, such as osteoporosis.
Estrutura sociogenética de ninhos de Euglossini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) e estrutura genética das populações urbanas de Euglossa cordata do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-26)
Oi, Cíntia Akemi
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Del Lama, Marco Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7198095288825585
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8735816980446029
Euglossine bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) are important pollinators in the Neotropical region. These bees are widely studied by collecting males in attractive baits, but there are few reports from females. In this work, we studied Euglossini bees using molecular tools, collecting bees in nests and adults in flowers at different levels, individual, nest and population. In Chapter 1, we use a non-lethal strategy for obtaining DNA from antenna conducting mark-recapture experiments. We found by a chi-square test the same chance to recapture the two groups of bees (with intact antennae vs removal antennae); this result suggests that the removal did not affect the survivor of bees. The DNA extracted from the antennas was successfully used for microsatellite analysis. In Chapter 2, we determine the sociogenetic structure of nests using microsatellite loci. Genetic analysis of Euglossa cordata, Euglossa townsendi and Eufriesea violacea nests revealed that brood is usually explained by a single mating, which corroborates the literature. In chapter 3, we used mitochondrial genes to verify the genetic structure of populations of Eg. cordata. The sequencing of mitochondrial genes cyt b and COI by direct PCR product showed high variation in several positions, showing two peaks or the mismatch between forward and reverse sequence. This result suggests the occurrence of heteroplasmy, and then, we have cloned these products. The clones showed even greater intra-individual variation, suggesting the occurrence of associated numts and heteroplasmy. Due to this variation, we could not establish the genetic structure of urban populations in Eg. cordata, although there is some evidence of interpopulation differentiation for mitochondrial haplotypes. In conclusion, this work has made contributions to a better understanding of the biology of Euglossine bees; employing molecular tools, we bring new information about familial and population genetics of this group of bees.
Desempenho e a expressão gênica do músculo esquelético humano sob treinamento físico de força e fotoestimulado por laser de baixa intensidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-27)
Ferraresi, Cleber
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Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5527703735628408
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9593811257950561
Estratégias de cultivo para a produção de polissacarídeo capsular por Haemophilus influenzae tipo b e determinação de parâmetros de qualidade para o produto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-27)
Silva, Mateus Ribeiro da
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Zangirolami, Teresa Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4546701843297248
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7147118788756725
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is a Gram negative bacterium responsible for causing meningitis worldwide. The capsular polysaccharide b, a polymer composed by repeating units of ribosyl-ribitol phosphate (PRP), is the major virulence factor and it is used in the formulation of the vaccine against this microorganism. Despite their high efficiency, the conjugated vaccine against Hib is a product of high production cost, which involves fermentation, purification and conjugation processes to obtain a final product within the specifications of the World Health Organization (WHO). The improvement of the culture medium and cultivation conditions can contribute to reduce the cost of this vaccine in order to facilitate its dissemination in developing countries. The main objective of this work was to identify culture conditions that result in higher production of capsular polysaccharide, helping to reduce costs in the steps of purification and conjugation. The experiments were carried out in shake flasks or in bioreactors with 7-13 liters of capacity. The temperature was maintained at 37 °C, pH controlled at 7.5 by adding NaOH 5M and the concentration of dissolved oxygen (CDO) maintained at 30% of air saturation. The specific flow rate of air ranged between 0.2 and 1 VVM. Samples were collected at regular time intervals to measure optical density (DO540nm), biomass concentration, capsular polysaccharide (PRP) production and concentrations of glucose and metabolites. Two possibilities for increasing polysaccharide production were studied: 1) different strategies of fed-batch cultivation consisting of: a) intermittent addition of glucose (FBIG), b) constant feeding (FBCF), c) exponential feeding (FBEF), e d) exponential feeding with cell recycle and perfusion (FBER + P); 2) improvement of culture media composition regarding the carbon/nitrogen ratio through the use of central composite rotational design (CCRD) methodology, having as independent variables: Soy Peptone (S), Yeast Extract (YE) and Glucose (G). Quality parameters were also evaluated to assess the molecular weight profile of the product (PRP) as well as morphological aspects of the microorganism. Economic analysis of different cultivation strategies was used to identify the more economically viable process. The results of the different cultivation strategies together with the outputs of the studied processes cost analysis showed that FBCF, with a cost of U.S.$ 425.50/g PRP and productivity of 88 mg/L.h, showed to be the best alternative among PRP production processes due to its lower cost with a good productivity. In the study of the culture media composition through the statistical analysis of the CCRD results showed that the best culture media composition (BCM) consisted of S 5 g/L; YE 5.5g /L and G of 15.25 g/L. DO540nm and PRP volumetric production values of 8.4 and 410 mg/L, respectively, were attained in validation experiments carried out in shake flasks at the BCM condition. For the bioreactor BCM validation experiment, biomass concentration of 3 g DW/L and polysaccharide production of 600 mg PRP/L were observed. Similar values were reached at validation runs performed in shake flasks and bioreactor for the central point CP condition, showing that both BCM and CP conditions belong to the optimum region. The analysis of quality parameters showed that the cultivation time influences strongly the size of the polysaccharide molecule. The longer the cultivation time, the lower molecular weight was found. The analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of H. influenzae cells revealed a predominance of round cells in the sixth hour of cultivation, whereas in the twelfth hour of cultivation the cells exhibited a more elongated morphology with the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions in the shape of granules, possibly due to the accumulation of some reserve material. Based on these results, the new composition of the culture medium resulted in an increased of cell growth and capsular polysaccharide production with half of the sources nitrogen (soybean peptone and yeast extract) concentrations, which reduces the production cost. The cultivations that resulted in higher production and productivity of polysaccharide were FBCF (1600 mg PRP/L and 88 mg PRP/(L.h)) and FBER+ P (1800 mg PRP/L and 129 mg PRP/(L.h)). The FBER+P reached 30% higher productivity of polysaccharide than the best result described in the literature (90 mg PRP/(L.h)). However, the FBCF cultivation was economically more viable.
Estratégias de produção e influências na cadeia de suprimentos: estudos de caso no setor de linha branca
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-27)
Diniz, Camila Oficiati
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Nogueira, Edemilson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1766761613298876
The competitive environment of the XXI century subjects corporations to some major challenges. The complexity of relationships as more and more multinational companies merge and interaction between companies increases, has opened up the way for organizations to recognize the strategic role played by the production area. The management of these relationships is appearing more and more frequently on meeting agendas of high level leadership of organizations. In terms of this, the objective of this research is to analyze the influence between links, central company and suppliers, who belong to a cross-section of the supply chain of white goods, based on the theories of production strategy and the supply chain management. The field research was conducted as a qualitative exploratory survey, by means of three case studies in three companies, these being a factory of white goods (central company) and two tier one suppliers. The main method used to obtain the information was actually visiting the companies and conducting interviews with their managers. The main conclusion from this study is that there is a strong connection (influence) of competitive strategy and production strategy of the central company on the strategies and structural and infrastructural decisions of the analyzed suppliers, being that this influence is becoming more powerful through the buying power of the central company and through threats from new competitors, mainly Asian suppliers.
Nanotubos de carbono no desenvolvimento de sensores eletroquímicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-27)
Moraes, Fernando Cruz de
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Mascaro, Lucia Helena
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9130022476352844
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8597473049054728
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted great interest in electroanalysis. This material shows important properties as high charge transfer rate, high surface area and the presence of functional groups that make the sensors based on CNTs are attractive to be modified with several species. Metallic phthalocyanines (MPc) are well recognized for their excellent electrocatalytic properties and can be electrostatically adsorbed onto CNTs, where the CNT-MPc system shows a synergic and electrocatalytic effect. Thus, this work aims to characterize the electrocatalytic properties of CNTs, after a functionalization step of CNTs in an oxidizing media. Another objective is the development of electrochemical sensors based in functionalized CNTs modified with metallic phthalocyanines for the determination of environmental and medicinal substances. The CNTs were functionalized in oxidizing media (mixture 1:3 HNO3/H2SO4). The micro-structural analysis was characterized by FTIR and the FEGSEM and TEM microscopy, in which was observed that the functionalization step decreases the diameter of the tubes, unlocks the edge plans and increases the density of functional groups. The electrochemical characteristics of CNTs were examined by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, in which these tests showed that the functionalized CNTs shift for more negative values the oxidation potential of redox couple [Fe(CN)6]4-/3-, as the electron transfer resistance, increase in oxidation and reduction current besides the improvement in the reversibility of the system. An electrochemical methodology were developed for the detection of pesticides 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), carbaryl, and glyphosate (Gly) in natural waters. For each pesticide used a specific sensor was constructed based on CNTs and metallic phthalocyanines. Medicinal substances (catecholamines) were also evaluated and developed sensors based on CNTs modified with cobalt phthalocyanine were developed. The proposed electrochemical sensors presented highly electrocatalytic and sensitive in the determination of pesticides and catecholamines. The proposed methodology were compared with the official methods of analysis and noted that the sensors yielded the detection limits required, demonstrating that electrochemical sensors based on CNTs become an alternative for the development of highly sensitive, rapid and low cost methodologies.
A política educacional paulista e o processo de municipalização - 1995-2008: gerenciamento de resultados e patrimonialismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-27)
Mello, Claudia Carnevskis de
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Riscal, Sandra Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8738747125393663
We analyzed in our study the changes in patterns of management of public systems of Basic School education reform proposed by the state of São Paulo. The proposed change has led, among other actions, the decentralization of education in primary schools managed by the state government in the management of the Governor Mário Covas. In his first administration, from 1995 to 1998, Covas put into running a series of measures and projects, which had continued in subsequent governments. Selected, from the analysis of these measures over the years and through interviews with municipal managers, the expectations and actual results of the municipalities that signed the covenant in charge of decentralization of its schools. It might be noted that changes in management patterns were based on the concept of results management, whose main characteristics are streamlining, decentralization, and evaluation of the system in line with the Strategic Plan of the State Apparatus. The enforcement of laws that permitted the structuring, establishment of goals and evaluation of public education systems made possible the implementation of a tariff reduction of economic and administrative activities without, in compensation, to settle municipal educational systems with permanent structures, with clear rules and objective, hierarchies and positions established. This caused much of the decisions being made off the cuff and that adjustments were made in each case. Seems to have been, in most cases, the concern to establish a body of officials and permanent rules allowing actions patrimonial character and can cripple the effectiveness of popular participation in the management of public schools.
Um circuito quântico para a correlação dos sinais do Arranjo Decimétrico Brasileiro (BDA)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-27)
Violin, Renato de Oliveira
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Saito, José Hiroki
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7065615446493390
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6606329416739992
Quantum computation is a way to perform the computation based on the quantum physics. Since it is appeared in 1985, it promises a revolution in the data processing. Works that had already been done prove that quantum computation, regarding its features that comes from quantum physics, provides a better power computation than the classical computation. The goal of this work is to develop a quantum circuit that performs the correlation of the BDA (Brazilian Decimetric Array), a radiointerferometer that has been developed by INPE (National Institute of Space Research) to visualize cosmic objects through the detection of radiofrequencies radiated by these objects. It was studied some possible quantum circuits and made comparisons with the classical correlator circuit used in BDA. The comparison was made with respect to the number of operations needed to process the correlation in a integration period of 100 ms. The results show that the developed quantum correlator circuit uses less operations than the classical one, proving that the developed quantum circuit is more efficient than the corresponding classical circuit.
Oficinas de atividades como processos educativos e instrumento para o fortalecimento de jovens em situação de vulnerabilidade social
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-27)
Trajber, Natalia Keller de Almeida
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Lopes, Roseli Esquerdo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1507752191797249
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8446912254981926
Based on the methodology of participatory research, this study was developed with a group of young people who attend one Youth Center on the outskirts of São Carlos (SP), as from the Activities Workshops held there and had as its main subject the analysis of the extending of them in the monitoring of life traces of some of those youngsters, supported in the specific descriptions of some activities. The proposition of the workshops is supported in the theoretical and methodological assumptions of Social Occupational Therapy and the education for freedom advocated by Paulo Freire. Using several resources, it has been constituted as a social technology of approaching, life project (re)construction and the enlargement of the support net for youngsters from urban popular groups in social vulnerability situations. Along the research, we tried to analyze what has been achieved compared to the established aims for the Activities Workshops that have been proposed and implemented by the METUIA‟s Nucleus from the Federal University of São Carlos. The METUIA Project is an interinstitutional group of studies, training and actions for the citizenship of children, adolescents and adults in process of rupture of the social support networks, created by teachers in the area of occupational therapy in three brazilian universities in 1998 with the proposal to develop projects in teaching, research and extension on the social field. We also tried in this study to understand the point of view of the youngsters about their life projects, their (im)possibilities of action and the forging of identities, in this space for reflection and (re)construction of meaning of his being-in-theworld , with potential for transformative action in their immediate contexts, in view of make them strong to face the adverse situations they are exposed. It is concluded that the accumulation of these experiences reveals some repositioning in the lives of youngsters, as well it has contributed to confront contemporary social problems and encouraged them to establish positive links; sociability and familiarity based on mutual respect and solidarity; participation; autonomy; and the reframe of their belonging to scholar environment. It has also provided subsides to discuss about the construction of a formal and non-formal educational propositions supported by democracy, and which carry a tensioning movement of the status quo.
Agrupamento de dados semissupervisionado na geração de regras fuzzy
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-27)
Lopes, Priscilla de Abreu
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Camargo, Heloisa de Arruda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0487231065057783
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3649682406137432
Inductive learning is, traditionally, categorized as supervised and unsupervised. In supervised learning, the learning method is given a labeled data set (classes of data are known). Those data sets are adequate for problems of classification and regression. In unsupervised learning, unlabeled data are analyzed in order to identify structures embedded in data sets. Typically, clustering methods do not make use of previous knowledge, such as classes labels, to execute their job. The characteristics of recently acquired data sets, great volume and mixed attribute structures, contribute to research on better solutions for machine learning jobs. The proposed research fits into this context. It is about semi-supervised fuzzy clustering applied to the generation of sets of fuzzy rules. Semi-supervised clustering does its job by embodying some previous knowledge about the data set. The clustering results are, then, useful for labeling the remaining unlabeled data in the set. Following that, come to action the supervised learning algorithms aimed at generating fuzzy rules. This document contains theoretic concepts, that will help in understanding the research proposal, and a discussion about the context wherein is the proposal. Some experiments were set up to show that this may be an interesting solution for machine learning jobs that have encountered difficulties due to lack of available information about data.
FamilySense: ferramenta computacional para jogos terapêuticos culturalmente contextualizados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-27)
Villena, Johana María Rosas
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Silva, Junia Coutinho Anacleto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6200743168568684
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9271661838358474
It is described in this Dissertation a computational tool named FamilySense, which aims to support the therapist to create contextualized games according to the profile of each family in therapy, in order to allow this family to identify and understand it the existing vocabulary. As a research contribution in the computering area, more specifically, describes the process model defined for the creation and design of FamilySense computational tool. This tool is inspired in a board game used primarily between members of the same family and / or the therapist in therapeutic sessions with families to allow their members to know each other. In this context, there was necessary identify the characteristics and elements of that game as well as the way it's played therefore he could be mapped to the computer. Using this process could be identified, and further on map, computational resources that could be aggregated to FamilySense, such as multimedia resources. Another contribution is the use of cultural knowledge expressed in the base of the Open Mind Common Sense project in Brazil to support the creation of the game and its content. The therapist as a coauthor, can use this cultural knowledge to create contextualized games according to the principle and therapeutic goal, for example, can identify possible problems in relationships between members of a family, to promote interaction between members of a family to identify possible issues to be worked out during therapy, etc.. Aiming to observe the use of this tool in a therapeutic environment and collect the opinions of the target group, case studies were conducted with therapists and families, reported in this research, to verify the feasibility of the proposal and its proof of concept.
Inventário de potencial de abuso infantil - CAP: adaptação transcultural, fidedignidade e validade para o Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-27)
Rios, Karyne de Souza Augusto
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Williams, Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962646759651464
This study aimed at developing a cross-validation of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAP) to Brazil. The specific objectives were to verify the semantic equivalence of the measure, to investigate and to assess the content validity, and to investigate and assess the construct validity using Item Factor Analysis and reliability. To evaluate the general and referential meaning of the CAP Inventory s items, 6 researchers translated the CAP Inventory and assessed it using the Assessing Semantic Equivalence Form. An English teacher also conducted a back-translation, and, finally, 13 parents evaluated the comprehension of each item. In terms of the general meaning, 89.4% of the items were considered without the need of changes. The Portuguese version of the CAP Inventory showed 81.4% of agreement between judges about the referential meaning of items. In general, 19 items (12%) were altered. To evaluate the content validity, three expert researchers participated as judges. By using the Assessing Content Validity Form, it was verified that when there was only one concept in an item, the judges agreed above 80% in 9 (31.1%) items. When there were two concepts, the judges agreed above 80% in 4 items (10.8%), and when there were 3 concepts, the judges did not agree above 80% in none of the items. In terms of construct validity, 135 parents were selected using a random sample procedure, and they answered the final version of the CAP Inventory, and a demographic questionnaire. Data from other Brazilian studies with the same version of the CAP were used to expand the analysis. In terms of participants profile for the present data: mean parent age of 35.9 years, female, married, less of four years of education, 2.5 children (mean). Demographic data were similar to other Brazilian studies and the North-American sample, except for years of education which was higher for the North-American sample. To analyze data from the CAP Inventory, a cross-adaptation of the validity scales was needed to define the cutscore for Brazil. The mean score for potential child abuse in the Brazilian sample was 180.1(102. 5). This result was higher than the mean score in the North-American sample which was 91 (75). Using the Principal-Components Factor Analysis, a structure of 5 factors was chosen: distress, unhappiness, rigidity, problems with child and others, and discipline. The resulting structure showed similarities to the original factor analysis of the English CAP Inventory, except for the discipline factor. It was hypothesized that the Brazilian version of the CAP Inventory could present an alternative factor structure to the original North-American version. Other studies should be developed to verify this hypothesis. The Crombach alpha of internal consistency was 0.95. In general, data showed positive results of semantic equivalence and content validity, construct validity and reliability, what confirms the hypothesis of viability of cross-adaptation of the CAP Inventory to Brazil. However, other studies should be conducted to create a strong body of knowledge that it will allow analysis of tendencies and relationships between results.
Estudos de técnicas de virtualização de memória em arquiteturas multi-core
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-29)
Vivencio, Diego Pagliarini
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Trevelin, Luis Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5082419783043736
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3893017702862532
The use of computer virtualization has grown rapidly in recent years, motivating the research for software and hardware improvements to optimize performance and reduce the bottlenecks inherent of virtualization. In the middle of this decade, the processors has added support for CPU virtualization, simplifying the design of virtual machine monitors, but the employed approach had performance limitations when combined with the virtualization of memory using shadow page tables. Adding support for nested paging hardware was the answer to this problem, providing performance closer to the native, ie, without the virtual abstraction. The multicore processors were the solution to keep the microprocessors' performance growth , as the monolithic architectures were close to their limit. The use of virtualization allows exploiting parallelism offered by them through the simultaneous execution of multiple virtual machines. This study evaluates the virtualization of memory subsystem and its interaction with the multicore architectures, to determine the set of features that maximize performance. We evaluated shadow and nested paging, comparing the use of conventional and large pages to map virtualized memory. We also analyzed the influence due to the presence of a level of cache shared among cores. The results showed that in the evaluated scenario the best performance was achieved by using nested paging using large pages to map memory, while the additional level of cache didn't bring any specific benefits to virtualization.
Efeito da velocidade ascensional na produção de hidrogênio em reator anaeróbio de leito fluidizado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-30)
Reis, Cristiane Marques dos
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Silva, Edson Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4438080540876126
This study evaluated the influence of the upflow velocity in anaerobic fluidized bed reactor to produce hydrogen. In order to compare that effect, four reactors were used under different upflow velocities each: 0.30; 0.60; 1.24 and 1.88 cm.s-1. Expanded clay was used as support material for immobilization. A synthetic wastewater containing glucose (5000 mg.L-1) was used as substrate. Reactor R124 that was operated under minimum fluidization velocity (1.24 cm.s-1) showed the best values for hydrogen production. The maximum hydrogen production rate was found to be 1.22 L.h-1.L-1. The maximum hydrogen yield was 2.55 mol H2 mol-1 glucose and the biogas content ranged between 30,5 and 61,8 %. No methane was generated. The optimum TDH for expanded bed reactors was 1h while in fluidized bed reactors were 2h. Ethanol was the main metabolite produced, suggesting an ethanol-type fermentation. No trends were shown regardless of the upflow velocity imposed to the system. However, the higher the velocity applied, the higher the hydrogen production rate.
Artes visuais na proposta curricular do estado de São Paulo: Portinari ausente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-30)
Assumpção, Flaviana Christine Vallim Peres Marques
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Tagliavini, João Virgílio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2180128482829755
This Project starts from an observation and a questioning: why haven t Cândido Portinari s works - greatest Brazilian painter and born in the state of São Paulo -, been taken into account by the Curricular Proposal of the State of São Paulo regarding the Arts teaching books, in particular the visual ones? Doesn t his work have any importance for the country? Don t the elaborators of the mentioned proposal know him? From the analysis of this material, a research has been done with the survey of bibliographies about the painter that could reveal his life, not only the one already known of the general public, but the one that could serve as a basis to teachers that teach art in public schools of the state of São Paulo. Through this investigation, we try to show someone worried about his people, an educator made by the image and a man formed by the observation of his work. The first chapter reveals us Portinari s formation, his family, religiosity, his involvement with Communism, his friends, his stay in Europe, his moving to Rio and his occasional trips to Brodósqui; besides the awards received, his escape of school and the greatness of his work. The second chapter shows the reader all the educational features of this painter, his concerns about the future of education in the country and mainly about the simple man who has been building this nation and not revealed by our old masters. Which man does Portinari show in his works? The third chapter compares and analyzes contemporaneous artists works taken into account by the Curricular Proposal of the State of São Paulo. It inquires about the presence of these education icons and reflects/questions Cândido Portinari s absence.