Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2010-08-27"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 10 de 10

Um circuito quântico para a correlação dos sinais do Arranjo Decimétrico Brasileiro (BDA)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-27) Violin, Renato de Oliveira; Saito, José Hiroki; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7065615446493390; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6606329416739992
Quantum computation is a way to perform the computation based on the quantum physics. Since it is appeared in 1985, it promises a revolution in the data processing. Works that had already been done prove that quantum computation, regarding its features that comes from quantum physics, provides a better power computation than the classical computation. The goal of this work is to develop a quantum circuit that performs the correlation of the BDA (Brazilian Decimetric Array), a radiointerferometer that has been developed by INPE (National Institute of Space Research) to visualize cosmic objects through the detection of radiofrequencies radiated by these objects. It was studied some possible quantum circuits and made comparisons with the classical correlator circuit used in BDA. The comparison was made with respect to the number of operations needed to process the correlation in a integration period of 100 ms. The results show that the developed quantum correlator circuit uses less operations than the classical one, proving that the developed quantum circuit is more efficient than the corresponding classical circuit.
A política educacional paulista e o processo de municipalização - 1995-2008: gerenciamento de resultados e patrimonialismo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-27) Mello, Claudia Carnevskis de; Riscal, Sandra Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8738747125393663
We analyzed in our study the changes in patterns of management of public systems of Basic School education reform proposed by the state of São Paulo. The proposed change has led, among other actions, the decentralization of education in primary schools managed by the state government in the management of the Governor Mário Covas. In his first administration, from 1995 to 1998, Covas put into running a series of measures and projects, which had continued in subsequent governments. Selected, from the analysis of these measures over the years and through interviews with municipal managers, the expectations and actual results of the municipalities that signed the covenant in charge of decentralization of its schools. It might be noted that changes in management patterns were based on the concept of results management, whose main characteristics are streamlining, decentralization, and evaluation of the system in line with the Strategic Plan of the State Apparatus. The enforcement of laws that permitted the structuring, establishment of goals and evaluation of public education systems made possible the implementation of a tariff reduction of economic and administrative activities without, in compensation, to settle municipal educational systems with permanent structures, with clear rules and objective, hierarchies and positions established. This caused much of the decisions being made off the cuff and that adjustments were made in each case. Seems to have been, in most cases, the concern to establish a body of officials and permanent rules allowing actions patrimonial character and can cripple the effectiveness of popular participation in the management of public schools.
Oficinas de atividades como processos educativos e instrumento para o fortalecimento de jovens em situação de vulnerabilidade social
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-27) Trajber, Natalia Keller de Almeida; Lopes, Roseli Esquerdo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1507752191797249; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8446912254981926
Based on the methodology of participatory research, this study was developed with a group of young people who attend one Youth Center on the outskirts of São Carlos (SP), as from the Activities Workshops held there and had as its main subject the analysis of the extending of them in the monitoring of life traces of some of those youngsters, supported in the specific descriptions of some activities. The proposition of the workshops is supported in the theoretical and methodological assumptions of Social Occupational Therapy and the education for freedom advocated by Paulo Freire. Using several resources, it has been constituted as a social technology of approaching, life project (re)construction and the enlargement of the support net for youngsters from urban popular groups in social vulnerability situations. Along the research, we tried to analyze what has been achieved compared to the established aims for the Activities Workshops that have been proposed and implemented by the METUIA‟s Nucleus from the Federal University of São Carlos. The METUIA Project is an interinstitutional group of studies, training and actions for the citizenship of children, adolescents and adults in process of rupture of the social support networks, created by teachers in the area of occupational therapy in three brazilian universities in 1998 with the proposal to develop projects in teaching, research and extension on the social field. We also tried in this study to understand the point of view of the youngsters about their life projects, their (im)possibilities of action and the forging of identities, in this space for reflection and (re)construction of meaning of his being-in-theworld , with potential for transformative action in their immediate contexts, in view of make them strong to face the adverse situations they are exposed. It is concluded that the accumulation of these experiences reveals some repositioning in the lives of youngsters, as well it has contributed to confront contemporary social problems and encouraged them to establish positive links; sociability and familiarity based on mutual respect and solidarity; participation; autonomy; and the reframe of their belonging to scholar environment. It has also provided subsides to discuss about the construction of a formal and non-formal educational propositions supported by democracy, and which carry a tensioning movement of the status quo.
Agrupamento de dados semissupervisionado na geração de regras fuzzy
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-27) Lopes, Priscilla de Abreu; Camargo, Heloisa de Arruda; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0487231065057783; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3649682406137432
Inductive learning is, traditionally, categorized as supervised and unsupervised. In supervised learning, the learning method is given a labeled data set (classes of data are known). Those data sets are adequate for problems of classification and regression. In unsupervised learning, unlabeled data are analyzed in order to identify structures embedded in data sets. Typically, clustering methods do not make use of previous knowledge, such as classes labels, to execute their job. The characteristics of recently acquired data sets, great volume and mixed attribute structures, contribute to research on better solutions for machine learning jobs. The proposed research fits into this context. It is about semi-supervised fuzzy clustering applied to the generation of sets of fuzzy rules. Semi-supervised clustering does its job by embodying some previous knowledge about the data set. The clustering results are, then, useful for labeling the remaining unlabeled data in the set. Following that, come to action the supervised learning algorithms aimed at generating fuzzy rules. This document contains theoretic concepts, that will help in understanding the research proposal, and a discussion about the context wherein is the proposal. Some experiments were set up to show that this may be an interesting solution for machine learning jobs that have encountered difficulties due to lack of available information about data.
Nanotubos de carbono no desenvolvimento de sensores eletroquímicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-27) Moraes, Fernando Cruz de; Mascaro, Lucia Helena; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9130022476352844; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8597473049054728
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted great interest in electroanalysis. This material shows important properties as high charge transfer rate, high surface area and the presence of functional groups that make the sensors based on CNTs are attractive to be modified with several species. Metallic phthalocyanines (MPc) are well recognized for their excellent electrocatalytic properties and can be electrostatically adsorbed onto CNTs, where the CNT-MPc system shows a synergic and electrocatalytic effect. Thus, this work aims to characterize the electrocatalytic properties of CNTs, after a functionalization step of CNTs in an oxidizing media. Another objective is the development of electrochemical sensors based in functionalized CNTs modified with metallic phthalocyanines for the determination of environmental and medicinal substances. The CNTs were functionalized in oxidizing media (mixture 1:3 HNO3/H2SO4). The micro-structural analysis was characterized by FTIR and the FEGSEM and TEM microscopy, in which was observed that the functionalization step decreases the diameter of the tubes, unlocks the edge plans and increases the density of functional groups. The electrochemical characteristics of CNTs were examined by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, in which these tests showed that the functionalized CNTs shift for more negative values the oxidation potential of redox couple [Fe(CN)6]4-/3-, as the electron transfer resistance, increase in oxidation and reduction current besides the improvement in the reversibility of the system. An electrochemical methodology were developed for the detection of pesticides 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), carbaryl, and glyphosate (Gly) in natural waters. For each pesticide used a specific sensor was constructed based on CNTs and metallic phthalocyanines. Medicinal substances (catecholamines) were also evaluated and developed sensors based on CNTs modified with cobalt phthalocyanine were developed. The proposed electrochemical sensors presented highly electrocatalytic and sensitive in the determination of pesticides and catecholamines. The proposed methodology were compared with the official methods of analysis and noted that the sensors yielded the detection limits required, demonstrating that electrochemical sensors based on CNTs become an alternative for the development of highly sensitive, rapid and low cost methodologies.
FamilySense: ferramenta computacional para jogos terapêuticos culturalmente contextualizados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-27) Villena, Johana María Rosas; Silva, Junia Coutinho Anacleto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6200743168568684; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9271661838358474
It is described in this Dissertation a computational tool named FamilySense, which aims to support the therapist to create contextualized games according to the profile of each family in therapy, in order to allow this family to identify and understand it the existing vocabulary. As a research contribution in the computering area, more specifically, describes the process model defined for the creation and design of FamilySense computational tool. This tool is inspired in a board game used primarily between members of the same family and / or the therapist in therapeutic sessions with families to allow their members to know each other. In this context, there was necessary identify the characteristics and elements of that game as well as the way it's played therefore he could be mapped to the computer. Using this process could be identified, and further on map, computational resources that could be aggregated to FamilySense, such as multimedia resources. Another contribution is the use of cultural knowledge expressed in the base of the Open Mind Common Sense project in Brazil to support the creation of the game and its content. The therapist as a coauthor, can use this cultural knowledge to create contextualized games according to the principle and therapeutic goal, for example, can identify possible problems in relationships between members of a family, to promote interaction between members of a family to identify possible issues to be worked out during therapy, etc.. Aiming to observe the use of this tool in a therapeutic environment and collect the opinions of the target group, case studies were conducted with therapists and families, reported in this research, to verify the feasibility of the proposal and its proof of concept.
Estratégias de cultivo para a produção de polissacarídeo capsular por Haemophilus influenzae tipo b e determinação de parâmetros de qualidade para o produto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-27) Silva, Mateus Ribeiro da; Zangirolami, Teresa Cristina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4546701843297248; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7147118788756725
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is a Gram negative bacterium responsible for causing meningitis worldwide. The capsular polysaccharide b, a polymer composed by repeating units of ribosyl-ribitol phosphate (PRP), is the major virulence factor and it is used in the formulation of the vaccine against this microorganism. Despite their high efficiency, the conjugated vaccine against Hib is a product of high production cost, which involves fermentation, purification and conjugation processes to obtain a final product within the specifications of the World Health Organization (WHO). The improvement of the culture medium and cultivation conditions can contribute to reduce the cost of this vaccine in order to facilitate its dissemination in developing countries. The main objective of this work was to identify culture conditions that result in higher production of capsular polysaccharide, helping to reduce costs in the steps of purification and conjugation. The experiments were carried out in shake flasks or in bioreactors with 7-13 liters of capacity. The temperature was maintained at 37 °C, pH controlled at 7.5 by adding NaOH 5M and the concentration of dissolved oxygen (CDO) maintained at 30% of air saturation. The specific flow rate of air ranged between 0.2 and 1 VVM. Samples were collected at regular time intervals to measure optical density (DO540nm), biomass concentration, capsular polysaccharide (PRP) production and concentrations of glucose and metabolites. Two possibilities for increasing polysaccharide production were studied: 1) different strategies of fed-batch cultivation consisting of: a) intermittent addition of glucose (FBIG), b) constant feeding (FBCF), c) exponential feeding (FBEF), e d) exponential feeding with cell recycle and perfusion (FBER + P); 2) improvement of culture media composition regarding the carbon/nitrogen ratio through the use of central composite rotational design (CCRD) methodology, having as independent variables: Soy Peptone (S), Yeast Extract (YE) and Glucose (G). Quality parameters were also evaluated to assess the molecular weight profile of the product (PRP) as well as morphological aspects of the microorganism. Economic analysis of different cultivation strategies was used to identify the more economically viable process. The results of the different cultivation strategies together with the outputs of the studied processes cost analysis showed that FBCF, with a cost of U.S.$ 425.50/g PRP and productivity of 88 mg/L.h, showed to be the best alternative among PRP production processes due to its lower cost with a good productivity. In the study of the culture media composition through the statistical analysis of the CCRD results showed that the best culture media composition (BCM) consisted of S 5 g/L; YE 5.5g /L and G of 15.25 g/L. DO540nm and PRP volumetric production values of 8.4 and 410 mg/L, respectively, were attained in validation experiments carried out in shake flasks at the BCM condition. For the bioreactor BCM validation experiment, biomass concentration of 3 g DW/L and polysaccharide production of 600 mg PRP/L were observed. Similar values were reached at validation runs performed in shake flasks and bioreactor for the central point CP condition, showing that both BCM and CP conditions belong to the optimum region. The analysis of quality parameters showed that the cultivation time influences strongly the size of the polysaccharide molecule. The longer the cultivation time, the lower molecular weight was found. The analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of H. influenzae cells revealed a predominance of round cells in the sixth hour of cultivation, whereas in the twelfth hour of cultivation the cells exhibited a more elongated morphology with the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions in the shape of granules, possibly due to the accumulation of some reserve material. Based on these results, the new composition of the culture medium resulted in an increased of cell growth and capsular polysaccharide production with half of the sources nitrogen (soybean peptone and yeast extract) concentrations, which reduces the production cost. The cultivations that resulted in higher production and productivity of polysaccharide were FBCF (1600 mg PRP/L and 88 mg PRP/(L.h)) and FBER+ P (1800 mg PRP/L and 129 mg PRP/(L.h)). The FBER+P reached 30% higher productivity of polysaccharide than the best result described in the literature (90 mg PRP/(L.h)). However, the FBCF cultivation was economically more viable.
Desempenho e a expressão gênica do músculo esquelético humano sob treinamento físico de força e fotoestimulado por laser de baixa intensidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-27) Ferraresi, Cleber; Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5527703735628408; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9593811257950561
Estratégias de produção e influências na cadeia de suprimentos: estudos de caso no setor de linha branca
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-27) Diniz, Camila Oficiati; Nogueira, Edemilson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1766761613298876
The competitive environment of the XXI century subjects corporations to some major challenges. The complexity of relationships as more and more multinational companies merge and interaction between companies increases, has opened up the way for organizations to recognize the strategic role played by the production area. The management of these relationships is appearing more and more frequently on meeting agendas of high level leadership of organizations. In terms of this, the objective of this research is to analyze the influence between links, central company and suppliers, who belong to a cross-section of the supply chain of white goods, based on the theories of production strategy and the supply chain management. The field research was conducted as a qualitative exploratory survey, by means of three case studies in three companies, these being a factory of white goods (central company) and two tier one suppliers. The main method used to obtain the information was actually visiting the companies and conducting interviews with their managers. The main conclusion from this study is that there is a strong connection (influence) of competitive strategy and production strategy of the central company on the strategies and structural and infrastructural decisions of the analyzed suppliers, being that this influence is becoming more powerful through the buying power of the central company and through threats from new competitors, mainly Asian suppliers.
Inventário de potencial de abuso infantil - CAP: adaptação transcultural, fidedignidade e validade para o Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-08-27) Rios, Karyne de Souza Augusto; Williams, Lúcia Cavalcanti de Albuquerque; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6962646759651464
This study aimed at developing a cross-validation of the Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAP) to Brazil. The specific objectives were to verify the semantic equivalence of the measure, to investigate and to assess the content validity, and to investigate and assess the construct validity using Item Factor Analysis and reliability. To evaluate the general and referential meaning of the CAP Inventory s items, 6 researchers translated the CAP Inventory and assessed it using the Assessing Semantic Equivalence Form. An English teacher also conducted a back-translation, and, finally, 13 parents evaluated the comprehension of each item. In terms of the general meaning, 89.4% of the items were considered without the need of changes. The Portuguese version of the CAP Inventory showed 81.4% of agreement between judges about the referential meaning of items. In general, 19 items (12%) were altered. To evaluate the content validity, three expert researchers participated as judges. By using the Assessing Content Validity Form, it was verified that when there was only one concept in an item, the judges agreed above 80% in 9 (31.1%) items. When there were two concepts, the judges agreed above 80% in 4 items (10.8%), and when there were 3 concepts, the judges did not agree above 80% in none of the items. In terms of construct validity, 135 parents were selected using a random sample procedure, and they answered the final version of the CAP Inventory, and a demographic questionnaire. Data from other Brazilian studies with the same version of the CAP were used to expand the analysis. In terms of participants profile for the present data: mean parent age of 35.9 years, female, married, less of four years of education, 2.5 children (mean). Demographic data were similar to other Brazilian studies and the North-American sample, except for years of education which was higher for the North-American sample. To analyze data from the CAP Inventory, a cross-adaptation of the validity scales was needed to define the cutscore for Brazil. The mean score for potential child abuse in the Brazilian sample was 180.1(102. 5). This result was higher than the mean score in the North-American sample which was 91 (75). Using the Principal-Components Factor Analysis, a structure of 5 factors was chosen: distress, unhappiness, rigidity, problems with child and others, and discipline. The resulting structure showed similarities to the original factor analysis of the English CAP Inventory, except for the discipline factor. It was hypothesized that the Brazilian version of the CAP Inventory could present an alternative factor structure to the original North-American version. Other studies should be developed to verify this hypothesis. The Crombach alpha of internal consistency was 0.95. In general, data showed positive results of semantic equivalence and content validity, construct validity and reliability, what confirms the hypothesis of viability of cross-adaptation of the CAP Inventory to Brazil. However, other studies should be conducted to create a strong body of knowledge that it will allow analysis of tendencies and relationships between results.