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Desenvolvimento de compósitos poliméricos baseados em matriz biodegradável e nanozeólitas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-09-27)
Plotegher, Fábio
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Oliveira, Cauê Ribeiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5321313558714462
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5490465071052251
The current market demands make with what Brazilian agribusiness search improvements in processes and new materials to reduce waste, pollution and biological contamination. Mainly materials that more are easily degraded by the action of microorganisms or abiotic factors.It is known that the synthetic plastics are difficult of degrade and one alternative to decrease their use and hence the contamination of the environment is the introduction of biodegradable plastics such as thermoplastic starch (TPS). Thus, this study aimed to develop nanocomposites of TPS, seeking conditions for the incorporation of nanozeólitas (ZSM-5) that could confer properties related to control hydrophilicity. The work started in the construction of hydrothermal reactors for the standardization of zeolite. The synthesis gel was based on a molar ratio has been already studied (Al2O3: 60SiO2: 11TPAOH: 900H2O). The hydrothermal treatment was done in five different ways, varying temperatures (100, 150 and 200oC) and time (24, 48 and 72 hours). The five samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, particle size analysis by light scattering and scanning electron microscopy at high resolution. The best condition of formation of zeolite phase was 200oC for 24 hours. This synthesis was repeated and characterized by four times to obtain 27g of nanozeólitas to be used to obtain the composite processing. The compositions of thermoplastic starch and nanozeólita were made in a torque rheometer with mass ratios of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% ZSM-5 TPS, keeping fixed the final mass of the mixture, 45 g. Thermogravimetric analysis of films showed that the increased load of nanozeolites in the matrix polymer no caused change in the temperatures of the events that occur in the mass losses. The results of dynamic mechanical thermal analysis showed no significant variations in glass transition temperatures of the glycerol and starch, which were influenced by the increase of ratio glycerol / starch. The analysis of tensile mechanics showed that up to 6% zeolite added there is no impairment of mechanical properties of films, above this value occurs a lower elastic modulus of the composite and consequently an increase in the deformation of the material also caused by variations in the relationship between ratio glycerol and starch. Statistical analysis of variance for this experiment confirmed the previous supposition. The pervaporation water vapor showed that the increased load of zeolite in the polymer matrix facilitated the passage of water through the polymer matrix due to the presence of the channels characteristic of the zeolite. Statistical analysis of variance showed that the most significant change was the 10% zeolite added. Through these studies we can see that it is possible to incorporation of zeolite in thermoplastic starch using the same equipment used in processing of synthetic plastics. This study also showed that the incorporation of zeolite modified the hydrophilicity of the material facilitating the passage of water vapor by the matrix polymer by channels of zeolite.
Habilidades sociais, depressão, ansiedade e alcoolismo em bombeiros: um estudo correlacional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-09-27)
Oliveira, Paula Almeida de
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Del Prette, Almir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2191226494887247
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6743683762288314
Current researches have elucidated the importance of social skills for the quality of social relations, the well being and mental health of people. Even though mental disorders, regardless of diagnosis, have in common difficulties and losses of social relations, an appropriate social skills repertoire can be considered as a protective factor for depression, anxiety and use of alcohol. Seems relevant to investigate this association and associated factors, because the correlations between social skills deficits and mental disorders, although some disclosures in the literature, is still poorly understood. It is noteworthy also that the job of firefighter has peculiar characteristics that involve risk and compromise the quality of life of these professionals. Considering these aspects, this project aims to examine the relationship between social skills and depression, anxiety and alcoholism among firefighters. Considering these aspects, the present study aims to examine the relation between social skills and depression, anxiety and alcoholism in helping firemen for possible clarifications and understanding of this relationship. It can be defined as specific objectives: (1) To characterize social skills deficits and reserves in this population and also measure indicators for the disorders, (2) identify which classes of social skills deficit are related to mental disorders, (3) relate deficits and reserves of social skills and indicators of depression, anxiety and alcoholism, (4) evaluate possible factors that are related to the repertoire of social skills, for example, working time, gender, job, education, marital status and hierarchical distribution. The sample of this study are 303 military firefighters from a medium-sized city located within the state of Minas Gerais. Participants responded to instruments: Inventory of Social Skills (IHS-Del Prette-), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Anxiety (BAI) and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Data analysis was performed by SPSS statistical software version 15.0 and included descriptive and inferential statistics. It was performed Pearson correlations to examine the relationship between social skills of IHS-Del- Prette and their classes, and indicators of depression, anxiety and alcohol found in psychological tests. It was conducted ANOVA of repeated measures to evaluate intragroup differences between means of different classes of social skills. Considering the social skills repertoire, 22,8% of the firefighters are in need of social skills, while 60,7% amounted to a good and elaborate repertoire. With evidence of depressive symptoms were found 9,9% of firefighters and 8,9% with indicators of moderate to severe anxiety. 72,6% of participants were abstinent or low risk drinkers, other 6,6% reported abuse or dependence. The main findings indicate that social skills correlates significantly in the negative direction with depression (r =-,292, p =,000) and anxiety (r =-,277, p =,000), and not correlated with alcoholism (r =,008, p =,895). Among classes of social skills to obtain a result higher self-affirmation in the expression of positive affect (M = 70,42) and conversation and self-confidence (M = 62,10). The correlation of the first class was negative for depression (r =-,170, p = ,003) and anxiety (r =-,146, p = ,011) and second also being (r =-,277, p =,00) for depression and anxiety (r =-,280, p =,00). Although these correlations are weak, they still are revelant because they indicate a trend in the association between social skills and disorders that should be further investigated.
Um estudo designativo em fronteiras enunciativas: a corrupção pelo prisma da semântica histórica da enunciação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-09-27)
Machado, Julio Cesar
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Silva, Soeli Maria Schreiber da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8794598988783452
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Última atualização do currículo em 23/09/2011
We propose to conduct a enuciative-semantic study on corruption in the brazilian enunciation space. Affiliated ourselves to Historical Semantic of Enunciation as a way to understand the meaning, and to the Semântica do Acontecimento as a way to investigate data. By scanning the functioning of corruption in ways atypical, our inquiries reveal corruption as a boundary object enunciation (of senses crime / non-crime) from a society composed of mixed social positions, no longer absolute, as the subject innocent-guilty or the responsible-irresponsible. However, to operate an adjacent region of oscillating directions from the inset of voices spoken by speakers mixed, would require a theoretical foundation capable of accessing thicknesses language between evident dimensions of the exact and apparent of the inexact. We propose, from the Russian language, an uplift device analysis unprecedented we call the teoria da agitação enunciativa. Through it, we can handle the corruption as built by a statement of evidence, while it is destroyed by an enunciation of appearance. We investigate documents that attempt to crystallize senses of corruption, the legal space of enunciation and the Final Report of the Work of CPMI "Postal" (mensalão case). These clippings sets up a scenario of agitation enunciative among mensalão X loan, mostly. We will see that by stating, Talker judge dilutes the political (issue) through legal, closing the senses of corruption. We'll also see that the law allows corruption. We will verify it works today: 1) a legal corruption, given by utterances of evidence, and guiding directions for corruption (crime), from places absolute (E-guilty), 2) and non-legal corruption, given by the utterances appearance, and guiding directions for pro-corruption (between crime and non-crime), from places inset (Efloating). Our work instigates a scientific practice more consistent with the present modern, overwhelming places an absolute mathematically regular society, which is still an imaginary but not working well, and develop mechanisms to deal with unusual thickness of the language. Making semantics along the lines we propose in this paper is to debunk the simplistic way of finding directions and be bothered by this mode at the same time. It examines breakdowns in utterances on corruption and bring about change in treaty relations. It destabilizes domestications of corruption in the canonical way of thinking of society.
Levantamento de crianças com indicadores de altas habilidades em Jaboticabal/São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-09-27)
Marques, Clayton dos Reis
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Almeida, Maria Amélia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0163513013352236
Few people with High Abilities/Giftedness are identified in Brazil, and fewer are those that receive satisfactory service to develop their full potential. The field needs more production of knowledge, mainly focusing on local realities, and a greater dialogue between the different theoretical lines. This research represents a small step in that direction. The overall objective of the study was to identify, register and analyze quantitatively the number of students with indicators of High Abilities/Giftedness identified by their teachers on a representative sample of the population of Jaboticabal city, São Paulo State, Brasil. Teachers of second, third and fourth grades from elementary education were invited to participate in the research. The study had characteristics of an exploratory study, in terms of a quantitative survey study, to provide an overview of a specific event or phenomenon. Data analysis aimed to identify variables in the natural environment. Seventy six teachers of public schools participated in the survey and this number represented 81% of the participants. Three instruments were used to collect data: an identification form, a characterization form and an indicator form for High Abilities/Giftedness indentification. The results indicated the presence of children with indicators of High Abilities/Giftedness in the surveyed classrooms, 38% of the children had one or more indicators. The number of children with indicators of High Abilities/Giftedness was 809 children among 2148 observed by teachers. The number of indicators observed (2760) were consistent with the reviewed literature about the topic and the teachers proved to be able to identify it.
Do estigma social à invisibilidade: a pessoa com deficiência física nas políticas públicas voltadas para a redução de desastres
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-09-27)
Geraldi, Débora
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Valêncio, Norma Felicidade Lopes da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7161606146208875
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5117967029680177
In contact with some specific agents, the disordered occupation of the cities reveals risks that were somewhat dormant. Rain can be considered one of these agents, because your interaction with the environment often affects the routines of places, promoting various disruptions to the lives of people, including a disaster situation. The Civil Defense is the agency responsible for the security of the population in these events and considers in their manuals that some groups are more vulnerable: people with physical disabilities are one of this. Thus, the objective was to analyze sociologically how a person with disabilities is considered by the Civil Defense and by the scientific literature in the context of disaster, seeing there is a gap in sociological literature as concerning the analysis of disabled people and their interaction with the biophysical environment. To this end, we conducted a survey to review documents and protocols provided by the Brazilian Civil Defense, as well as documents and studies available in online research platforms, which analyze the interaction of disability with disasters, and thereby discriminating the foci predominant theme in contemporary studies. The aim is to present a synthesis of sociological knowledge about the group in the context of disasters.
Comportamento de variedades de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) em inoculações com diferentes concentrações de Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-09-30)
Brumatti, Catiana Regina
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Vieira, Marcos Antonio Sanches
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7031724562598209
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2447176138980567
The sugar cane is a semiperennial plant currently considered one of the most important crops in the world due to its ability to produce renewable energy (ethanol) and sugar. The soil quality, water availability and temperature are the main effects that made Brazil the largest producer. However some factors influence the sugarcane productivity, mainly diseases. Among them we can cite the ratoon stunting disease caused by the bacteria Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli worldwide known to cause up-to-30% losses in the productivity. The spread of infected seedlings and the absence of external symptoms make it difficult to diagnose and require the use of laboratory techniques. Thermotherapy, cutting-material cleaning with detergent solutions and the use of resistant varieties are the key measures to contain the disease. Due to its easy spread and high rates of reduction in the productivity the objective of this study was to evaluate how the effect of four different concentrations of Lxx for four cuts, would affect the interaction varieties x cuts x bacterial concentration. Therefore it evaluates possible losses on the technological variants and the reliability of Dot blot test for the PCR from DNA extraction according to the protocol of CTAB. The analyzed data showed no significant reduction in varieties productivity in none of the four different bacterial concentrations including the control plants, as well as in technological variables on study. According to data the Dot blot technique was more sensitive than the PCR conditions utilized in this study.
Prematuridade e baixo peso em pré-escolares: fatores de risco ao desenvolvimento da linguagem e alterações fonológico-lexicais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-09-30)
Iemma, Elisa Pinhata
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Martinez, Claudia Maria Simões
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0357988408477189
The expressive number of premature births shows the necessity of measures focused in preventing disorders in these children development. Literature reveals that language is one of the areas that may be affected when the child is exposed to risk factors. Considering language as the predictor of academic intelligence and skills, it becomes relevant to study the phonological and lexical aspects of preschool children with historical of prematurity and low birth weight. Supposedly, these children may present faults in this repertory in the moments that precede their formal schooling. This research received the approval of the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of São Carlos. It reports a descriptive study which aimed to detect language alterations/disorders in preterm born children with low weight which go to preschool. The following instruments were used to collect data: Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil (2008); maternity house medical records, Screening Test Development Denver II (TSDD-II) and ABFW test. The participants in this study were 19 children between 3 and 5 years-old with historical of prematurity and low weight that required neonatal ICU after birth and are enrolled in the Public System of Child Education (Municipal Kindergarten). The results present, initially, the profile of the study sample with data from the children clinical history and their socio economic situation. The results yet reveal that in the Denver Test (TSDD-II), language was, among four other areas, the most affected. In this situation, 9 of the 19 children under evaluation have presented risk. Regarding the ABFW test performance, it is stressed that all the participants have presented risks. Regarding the phonological aspects, 8 children have presented an altered performance in the phonologic test. All the participants presented vocabulary deficiency. By analyzing language, 5 of the 19 children had faults in the phonologic areas of ABFW and of vocabulary, as well as the presence of risk in the language area in TSDD-II. The importance of the evaluation procedures and the language development accompaniment of this population in the moments that precede litaracy as preventive measures is being largely discussed, as well as the contributions of the ABFW test as an instrument that allows not only to situate the deficits but also, based on these deficits, to elaborate strategies of intervention for parents and teachers. The data related to clinical history and socio economic level were used to make interpretations of the similarities and differences in the scores found in both instruments from the concepts of risk, protection and resilience. The small number of participants can be pointed out as a limitating factor of this paper. For future studies it is suggested the conduct of follow-up and the development of intervention programs directed to parents and teachers in the perspective to prevent or minimize communicative deficits.
Reconhecimento de padrões de imagens de traços nucleares produzidos por partículas alfa em detectores de estado sólido
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-09-30)
Trindade, Ananda Coaglia
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Cruvinel, Paulo Estevão
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7924553462118511
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8774079177150720
This work presents a new technique for image analysis generated by alpha particles in solid state nuclear track detectors using Hough Transform to identify complete standards and Artificial Neural Networks which act as classifiers of incomplete standards. Radon, during their decay process emits alpha particles that may be registered in detector of certain materials as inorganic crystals, plastic or glass. Through these detectors is possible to obtain images generated by alpha particles and therefore calculate the concentration of radon in an environment. Radon and its decay products contribute to the majority of ionizing radiation received by worldwide population, particularly in indoor environments. Studies carried out over the years confirmed the association between radon exposure and lung cancer. Considering the importance of studies related to radon, the need arises to explore the existing techniques to obtain the concentration of radon indoors and create new techniques that are better adapted to current needs.
Compreendendo os fenômenos nucleares, suas aplicações e implicações através de uma atividade lúdica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-10-01)
Martins, Gisela Garcia
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Marques, Rosebelly Nunes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7921735904003583
It has been shown that students of latest high school year do not know the meaning of the symbols of radioactivity, and sometimes they mix up mentally with different sources of radioactivity or types of radiation. Students usually link radioactivity with nuclear weapons or with nuclear accidents that they have heard about. Important issues of radioisotopes such as the applications in medicine are unknown by students and seem to be far off student everyday life. Didactic and playful materials are recognized as important tools to help teachers to motivate students in many activities. In this work we have developed a didactic game for Chemistry and Physics students based on game approaches and new teaching/learning methods. The material proposed here consists in a ruleassisted didactic game, a board game with cards and dice that requires from the players the knowledge and reasoning in radioisotopes and nuclear phenomena to answer the proposed questions in order to get forward. This didactic game was tested in classroom and the results indicated an increase of student s interest and skills in the subject.
Estado e sociedade civil na cooperação internacional: perspectivas dos países doadores, receptores e do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-10-07)
Leonardi, Ramon Santoro
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Nogueira, Marco Aurélio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2644317935020891
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0836126420407810
This essay is on the relationship between State and civil society, through the angle of international cooperation. The work has two parts. The first studies the concept of civil society, on its multiple meanings through modern period and its possible contemporary instances as political project. The second inquires the international cooperation relationships between donor and receptor countries, considering different actor perspectives. The analysis focus on years between 2002-2008, and a part of the explanation details Brazil case. Moreover, this study aims to contribute on the globalization debate, mainly on its effects over power framework and world order.
Processo para gerenciar a integração de clientes no processo de desenvolvimento do produto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-10-07)
González, Mario Orestes Aguirre
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Toledo, José Carlos de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421627326330417
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5936291138113637
Understanding customer needs is considered, in the literature of management product development process, one of the major critical success factors of a new product. However, current researches highlight those traditional methods for lifting these needs show deficiency, especially those latent needs. It has emerged, therefore, theories that seek to improve this situation as: product development focused on the client, principles of ethnography applied to product development process and user innovation. In the latter, the client is considered as having skills not only of knowledge about market needs, but also with technological domain by experience in product use and ability to generate ideas and new applications for new products. Based on these precedings the research proposal on the integration of customers in product development process appeared. This thesis aims at proposing a process for managing the customer‟s integration in the product development process in companies of capital goods. The subsidies for elaborating the proposal derived from a literature review and field research, which included case studies in five companies. The process for the customer integration is composed of three macrophases and six phases. Each phase involves activities, specific tasks and use of techniques and tools to support realization of activities. The macrophase of Customer Integration on Pre-Development involves the phases: Prospection of customer needs and/ or market opportunities, selection of clients for the Pre-Development and integration of customers on idea generation and/ or business opportunities. The macrophase of Customer Integration on Development involves the stages: Selection of clients for his integration in the product development and Customer Integration in the product development. The macrophase of Customer Integration on the Post-Development has as phase the evaluation of the customers integration in the product development. The results of the thesis contribute to both the theoretical knowledge on the subject and the practice of companies. From the theoretical point of view, the proposed process brings together content from various subject areas, analyzes and synthesizes, following the guiding principle of customers integration in product development process. From a practical standpoint, the proposed process assists in the organization and operationalization of customers integration activities, particularly in capital goods companies.
Comparação do desempenho de Modelos Lineares Generalizados (MLG) e Modelos Aditivos Generalizados (MAG) na predição de dados ﬁnanceiros em credit score
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-10-07)
Guirado, Lorene
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Perdoná, Gleici da Silva Castro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0745160064860746
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Louzada Neto, Francisco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890
This study aimed to present and compare the performance of two different methodologies for statistical modeling of ﬁnancial data with dichotomous response, speciﬁcally exempliﬁed by models of credit score as well as methodologies for validation and performance analysis of these models. One of the measures used in this analysis is the lift, often used in marketing, but little used in the ﬁnancial area, this measure is also used as a descriptive technique for categorizing variables. The techniques presented here are the Generalized Linear Models (GLM), the most usual method, and Generalized Additive Models (GAM), unusual in ﬁnance because it is a semi-parametric or nonparametric model, generating even some diﬃculty in interpretation because it does not present parameters. The predictive capabilities of the two techniques are compared in an application on real data and in a simulation study.
Diretrizes para um sistema de medição de desempenho para empresas do ramo madeireiro da região amazônica norte mato-grossense : estudo multicasos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-10-07)
Fedato, Geovana Alves de Lima
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Martins, Roberto Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3518820028045730
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1986334535430468
This work assumes that to effectively manage business activities, a form of control and monitoring is necessary, whether by means of indicators, or in a more advanced situation, by means of a performance measurement process that is suitable to the company s reality. Thus, the objective of this study is to establish guidelines for develop a performance measurement system, capable of assisting the peculiarities and organizational needs of control and strategies for companies in the wood sector in the city of Sinop, in Mato Grosso, Brazil. Companies currently face several challenges, because they need to thrive in a highly competitive environment, concomitantly meeting the needs and expectations of multiple stakeholders. This paper addresses the importance of environmental and social variables, which are currently increasing and whose reflexes on the organization are no longer latent but obvious. The method used to achieve the goals was the multiple case study with a qualitative approach, which enabled to identify the companies selected, and from this reality, to establish guidelines for develop a performance measurement system for two scenarios, was first proposed for the method of Rouse e Putterill (2003) for companies without an adequate infrastructure to measure performance. The second applies the Performance Prism framework by Neely et al. (2002) for companies with more suitable infrastructure for the development of a system performance measurement more robust. In all the companies of the scenario, social and environmental issues can be included, hence representing the reality under study in a clearer manner. The contribution the academy is conducted to compare the characteristics of performance measurement and management infrastructure, already contributing to the logging companies was made to suggest ways to control and evaluation of activities that respect the maturity of the management and peculiarities of each.
Expansão de células-tronco mesenquimais em frasco spinner com microcarregadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-10-07)
Sanches, Simone
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Suazo, Cláudio Alberto Torres
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9591447226240450
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3642437679422467
The Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) from adult tissues are at present an attractive source for applications in tissue engineering and cellular therapies. It presents a potential to differentiate into different cell lines as adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteocytes and myocytes. Due to low availability in the tissues and the fact that the demand for therapeutic applications is much larger than the supply capacity has become necessary to expand them in vitro strongly dependent on conservation of their differentiation potential. The MSCs are anchorage dependent, they have the characteristic of adhering to a solid substrate for subsequent proliferation. The conventional procedure of expansion in T-flasks with growth in monolayers, usually involves a difficult monitoring and control process, with high contamination indexi, low cell yield and high cost. In this work, we evaluated a methodology of expansion of hMSC-TERT line in spinner flask with microcarriers (small particles with properties favorable for cell adhesion and proliferation). In the experiments, two type of microcarriers were used, Cytodex 1 non-porous and with positive electric charge and Cultispher S, macroporous and electrically neutral, both in stirred spinner flask of 100 mL in culture medium α-MEM with 15% fetal calf serum, maintained in a CO2 incubator at 37°C and pH between 7.2 and 7.4. To increase productivity, some strategies were adopted during the research as a nutritional balance of the culture medium, addition of microcarriers and dilution and/or replacement of medium during cultivation. Aided by analysis of metabolites by high performance liquid chromatography and optical microscopy, the results showed that it was possible to grow hMSC-TERT with two microcarriers while maintaining good conditions for growth in three dimensions. However, the cell yield was limited mainly by the formation of clusters of microcarriers/extracellular matrix and is possible to obtain a cellular expansion factor of 4.98 with Cytodex 1 and 9,70 with Cultispher S. Because of the easy recovery of the cell showed by later microcarrier, it was performed an analysis of the maintenance of antigenic phenotype by flow cytometry and induction of differentiation into adipocytes and osteocytes. The results confirmed the conversation of phenotypic characteristics of hMSC-TERT with the cultivation technique evaluated in this work.
Análise dos constituintes fixos e voláteis de fungos endofíticos dos gêneros Penicillium e Xylaria e de suas plantas hospedeiras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-10-08)
Santos Filho, Florisvaldo Clementino
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Rodrigues Filho, Edson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3667941735597178
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6033248350460741
Was conducted the study of chemical constituents volatiles and fixed of endophytes fungi. For this, we used the Penicillium griseoroseum, Penicillium brasilianum, Xylaria (NICL3) and different species of the genus Trichoderma, was also carried out a study of host plants, such as Cupressus lusitanica and Melia azedarach. Through analysis by GC-MS and methodologies for calculations of retention indices were identified monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and diterpenes in the oils of plant and fungus. Compounds similar to essential oils of plants and associated microorganisms led to believe in the existence of biochemical interactions. Transesterification acid reactions was used for extraction of lipid compounds that were identified, characterized and quantified by techniques GC-MS, ¹H NMR and GC-FID. Profiles of methyl esters of fatty acids were found varied according to the species used, leading to mounting a chemo-taxonomic classification. Data quantification according to EN 14 103 showed that two endophytic fungi can be considered a promising source of biofuels. Antifungal assays of essential oil of Cupressus lusitanica were performed against endophytes be showing the importance of volatile compounds in the plant-endophytic microorganism.
Efeitos do chumbo sobre o desenvolvimento do tecido ósseo de ratas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-10-08)
Mattos, Valéria Gonçalves Albieri
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Nonaka, Keico Okino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4551036775738296
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of lead on femurs and vertebrae during development and skeletal maturity of female rats. For this purpose, one month old female rats were treated with lead acetate 100mg/kg BW or saline 0,9% 0,1ml/100g BW . The treatment was administrated by gastric gavage, once a week, during two months. After the treatment period, the animals received only tap water and commercial chow ad libitum until they completed 6, 9 and 12 months of life. The 3 months old groups were sacrificed soon after the treatment. The incorporation of lead in bone tissue occurred in all groups of intoxicated animals. The lead did not interfere the body development of experimental animals. The lead intoxication induced reduced maximum load, stiffness and resilience of the femur in the threepoint bending test in the groups 6, 9 and 12 months of life. The compression test of vertebrae of contaminated rats showed reduction of biomechanical parameters only in skeletally mature rats (9 months). The present study revealed that lead exposure during early stage of development affected the bone mineral profile leading to biomechanical weakness with skeletal maturity. The results allow us to conclude that lead exposure affects the biomechanical properties of mature bone increasing susceptibility to fractures.
Convergência de elites: a sustentabilidade no mercado financeiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-10-08)
Sartore, Marina de Souza
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Grün, Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6028266827740491
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7935836189977378
The launch of the Brazilian Corporate Sustainability Index in Sao Paulo s Stock Market, analyzed through an economic approach, can be reduced to a new financial tool which measures the profitability of Sustainable listed companies. However, through a sociological approach, the launch of this index is equivalent to the creation of the Brazilian Socially Responsible Investment Market. The creation of this market demonstrates the emergence of new polarizations in the Economic Field, particularly in the Financial Field. These new polarizations indicate a change in the Financial Field, which presents a new way of thinking the Financial Market based on taking account of social, environmental and financial criteria. This change emerges from an elite convergence which challenges the limits of the Financial Field, at the same time trying to reinvent the Financial Market through a proposal of a Sustainable Capitalism. This thesis indicates that it s possible to understand the creation of Socially Responsible Investment Market by studying the actors and institutions that participate in the Corporate Sustainability Index s Committee. As a result, this study emphasizes the urge of developing a Sociology of Indexes. At last, this thesis concludes that the Sustainability insertion in the Financial Field is legitimated by a group acting in the financial area, which converges with the Corporate Social Responsibility s and The Environmental Movement s elite, in an attempt to turn the table of mainstream finance. However, this mainstream turn does not push towards the ending of financial market, but it s strengthening instead.
Determinação simultânea de íons metálicos utilizando voltametria de redissolução anódica e métodos de calibração multivariada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-10-14)
Marreto, Paola Daniele
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Faria, Ronaldo Censi
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8659496864305621
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3608366417250207
This work describes the determination of Cu2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Zn2+ and Co2+ using electroanalytical techniques and analyzing the data with chemometric tools. First, an univariate approach was used to investigate RMSEParately each ion using anodic stripping voltammetry in two different concentration range, mg L-1 and μg L-1. Then, the voltammetric profiles were measured for the mixture to check for interaction among them. In a second step, an orthogonal array with 16 experiments was used a calibration matrix and a second one with 10 samples as validation group. Then the profiles were mean centered and the PLS algorithm with different kind or data transformation were used to calculated both the cross validation and external validation. To improve the results KS and SPXY methods were also used. PLS results were the best method for the cross calibration detection but such procedure leaded only to correct measuring of 3 different ions. Following, the SPA method were used together with KS and SPXY and results shown the correct determination of 4 ions with external validation. A further improvement of the results were obtained when the SPA procedure were used together with MLR method to select the variables (potentials, in the present case). In this case, the prediction capacity increased and also the effect of variables selection and its correlation with the formation of intermetallic compounds were evaluated.
Aproveitamento do caroço do açaí como substrato para a produção de enzimas por fermentação em estado sólido
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-10-14)
Santos, Rodrigo Rafael Mendonça dos
;
Pessoa, José Dalton Cruz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4212703554284544
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5649914970078519
The açaí agroindustry is the most important productive chains in northern Brazil. The residues in the marketing of açaí consists mainly of its pits, which are discarded in landfills and waterways without any treatment. A possible application to açaí pits is its use as substrate for solid state fermentation (SSF) for the production of lignocellulolytic enzymes as CMCase and xylanase, which act in the conversion of lignocellulosic materials into fermentable sugars. Currently, the cost of production of these enzymes has emerged as the biggest obstacle to the use of agro-industrial waste and the process of SSF gained prominence in this context due to several advantages over other technologies. The SSF process presents a large number of variables that affect the production of metabolites of interest, highlighting the sources of carbon and nitrogen, inducing growth and mineral salts. This study aimed to evaluate the use of pits of açaí as substrate for enzyme production by SSF evaluating the influence of the composition of culture medium for SSF through application of the methodology of statistical design full factorial 24 for selection of significant variables. The variables studied were the initial medium moisture and the concentrations of meat peptone extract, yeast extract, and CMC. After extraction of the enzyme complex and quantification of CMCase and xylanase activities, the variables of concentration of meat peptone extract and yeast extract were significant for enzyme production. Subsequently, a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was made to achieve the optimization of the process parameters. The highest activities were obtained by increasing the concentration of meat peptone extract and yeast extract, reaching 8.24 U g-1 and 8.08 U g-1, to CMCase and xylanase, values, respectively. Additional tests were made at concentrations three times higher than those used at the midpoint of the CCRD, which indicated an increase of 1.59 and 1.16 times in the enzymatic activities of CMCase and xylanase, respectively. However, by Tukey test, these increases did not differ statistically in comparison to the tests results obtained using concentrations of reagents encoded at +1.41, giving economic advantage to the tests made with smaller amounts of reagents. The pit of açai has shown promising as a substrate for SSF, but additional studies are performed to define and optimize the process parameters.
Estudos cinéticos e fotoquímicos de compostos de Ru(II) com ligantes bipiridínicos e bifosfínicos de fórmula geral cis- [RuCl2(P-P)(N-N)] (P-P = bifosfinas e N-N N-heterocíclicos bidentados)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-10-14)
Nascimento, Fábio Batista do
;
Batista, Alzir Azevedo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469642481998660
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8022643415351039
In this thesis it were studied substitution reactions in ruthenium complexes of the type cis-[RuCl2(P-P)(N-N)] and cis-[RuCl2(dppb)(N-O)] (P-P = dppm, dppe, dppp and dppb; N-N = bipy, Me-bipy, MeO-bipy, Cl-bipy and fen; N-O = 2-acpy, 2-bzpy and 2- dpk). For all complexes, in a period of 24 hours, there was only the substitution of a chloride (Cl-) coordinated to the metal. The ligands used in substitution reactions and kinetic studies were: py, 4-pic and coordenant solvents (CH3CN and PhCN). Only the Cl- trans positioned to P of diphosphines was labilized giving rise to the entering ligand, confirming the greater trans effect of phosphine ligands in relation to N-N and N-O. The mechanism attributed to substitution reactions was dissociative because the reactions do not show dependence of ligand entry. DFT calculations showed the effective participation of the Cl atom trans to the P atom of the diphosphines in the formation of the HOMO orbital. This fact shows that the reactivity of Cl atoms is different and they can be replaced selectively. Good linearity was observed for the percentage of participation of d orbitals of ruthenium in the formation of HOMO for the dissociation of Cl- complex indicating that the strength of the Ru-Cl- bond is due to the direct interaction of the orbitals of Cl- and the d orbitals of ruthenium. Exploratory studies using irradiation of light at fixed wavelengths were performed to study possible influence of the effect of the exchange rate of Cl- and also on the isomerization reaction trans/cis-[RuCl2(dppb)(bipy)]. An increase in the rate of exchange reaction was observed in the kinetics of substitution. In the isomerization processes were not observed. The substitution reactions of Cl- in the complexes cis- [RuCl2(dppb)(N-N)] (N-N = bipy and phen) by nitrile ligands (e.g. PhCN and CH3CN), lead to the formation of complexes in which trans ligands L were coordinated by the nitrogen atom of the ligands N-N in the final complex. However, studies of 31P{1H} NMR and cyclic voltammetry confirmed that the reactions take place initially with the replacement of L trans to P atom followed by an isomerization process. This is attributed to the strong competition of π between nitrile and phosphine ligands, and its final position is determined by this effect.