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Um estudo sobre as condições de vida e a qualidade do saneamento ambiental local como fatores de interferência para o desenvolvimento de práticas agroecológicas - um estudo de caso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-11-26) Lopes, Keila Cássia Santos Araújo; Borges, Janice Rodrigues Placeres
The present study aimed mainly to carry out a mapping of living conditions and quality of environmental sanitation in the Assentamento Horto Loreto, SP.The objective was to determine the outcome of the inter-relation living conditions / local environmental sanitation may be factors affecting the development of agroecological practices in the study area. It also aimed to reconstruct the history of the settlement, through the life trajectories of its residents. To collect the data was used for qualitative and quantitative approaches. Quantitative data were obtained through the application of questionnaires, consisting of thematic blocks, which contain indicators on the quality of environmental sanitation and living conditions, such as schooling, income, source of water supply at home, use of water from various sources, forms of sewage disposal, solid waste disposal, use, storage and disposal of packaging of agricultural chemicals, health care. Qualitative data were obtained by conducting semi-structured interviews, which permits to understand the perception of the settlers regarding their health, environmental and living conditions in the areas of settlement, as well as their expectations of life, dreams and plans. We used univariate statistical analysis and the speech of interviewees for the discussion and analysis of results. The data infer that the population of the settlement is in a vulnerable socio-economic and environmental. Everyday practices undertaken by the settlers have identified that 25% of the settlers use water sources that do not receive treatment for irrigation of food crops, 92.1% use of cesspits and 77.3% opted for burning solid waste, due to lack of garbage collection and 82.9% of farmers use pesticides on their lots. Moreover, it was observed in the settlement low levels of education, as 19.6% of the settlers have only incomplete primary and 36.1% completed elementary school. The income of farmers is another extremely important factor, since 31.4% of farmers survive on one or less than a minimum wage and 20.4% said they have no fixed monthly income. Agroecology is a science that seeks positive interaction between the natural and agricultural ecosystems and to adopt sustainable agricultural practices, or searches for sustainability and socio-economic environment, it is concluded that the daily practices of the settlers, are factors that lead to negative interference in rural areas, preventing the natural resources are in healthy conditions for use in the adoption of farming practices.
Perfil epidemiológico dos casos de tuberculose resistente em hospital especializado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-11-26) Zanoti, Márcia Diana Umebayashi; Figueiredo, Rosely Moralez de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2597491235073085; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8992030800589489
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major challenge to the health sector, both by the high incidence of the disease and the emergence of resistant strains, making it a priority on the global agenda of Health. The aim of this study was to characterize the epidemiological profile of TB cases resistant at the Hospital Estadual Nestor Goulart Reis in Américo Brasiliense - SP. This is a retrospective, exploratory and descriptive study, which analyzed 55 adult patients of both sexes, with positive culture results for Mycobacterium tuberculosis that presented any antibiotic drug resistance and who were tested at the hospital between January 2005 to December 2008, comprising 10.9% of inpatients. All of them had pulmonary tuberculosis disease, 70.9% were men, at admission 69.1% were unemployed and 81.8% had one hospitalization. Among the associated comorbidities, alcoholism emerged with 43.6% and AIDS with 10.2%, over 70% were referred from primary care and specialty clinic; 32.7% were resistant to at least one drug and 54.5% TB were multiple drugs resistant. The treatment most used was the Scheme 1 in 31% of patients and Scheme 1R in 18,2%. It was observed fragility in the adequacy of the therapeutic scheme with the sensibility test, beyond the average time of 65 days to its return. Regarding the closure of cases, 23.6% were successfully cured and 12.7% died. It is concluded that the situation of TB drug-resistant in the study area deserves special attention considering that the cure rates are lower than recommended levels. It is suggested that the process of local work must be reassessed, particularly the flow of biological material, as well as a guarantee that such results subsidize the institution of drug therapy.
Efeito de enzimas comerciais e naturais utilizadas na hidrólise da mandioca sobre a qualidade sensorial da tiquira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-11-26) Zurita, Erick; Ceccato-Antonini, Sandra Regina; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7600793543184032; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5641602992072391
The amilaceous materials need to be hydrolyzed for the release of fermentable sugars and this process may be carried out by chemical or enzymatic way. The latter is the most efficient way for the starch conversion, however a limiting factor to the usage of commercial enzymes is the high cost. In this context, a substitute for the enzymes aiming the saccharification of starch should be searched for. This study evaluated the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of aged tiquiras (cassava spirits) produced from the hydrolysis of cassava with commercial enzymes and with sweet potato, comparing to the traditional cachaça (sugar cane spirit), in two alcoholic strengths (33 and 38% v/v). Initially, an optimization of the hydrolysis process of the cassava was carried out, in order to verify the best concentrations of cassava, sweet potato for liquefaction and saccharification, water volume and commercial enzymes, in the laboratory scale, based on the results of yield in reducing sugar/g cassava. Physico-chemical analysis of the tiquiras produced was taken according to the parameters required by legislation. For the sensory analysis, the quantitative descriptive method and the acceptability and purchase interest tests were used. The utilization of sweet potato for the cassava hydrolysis (liquefaction and saccharification) has showed yields in reducing sugars significantly higher than those obtained with commercial enzymes. The proportion among cassava/sweet potato/water utilized in the semi-industrial scale for the tiquira production, established in the optimization step, was 20% cassava (m/v); 7.5% sweet potato (m/v) for liquefaction; 7.5% sweet potato (m/v) for saccharification; and 65% distilled water. The tiquiras presented physico-chemical characteristics in accordance with the Brazilian specifications, exception for the tiquira produced with sweet potato for the alcoholic strength, which was slightly below vii the minimum required. The sensory attributes which described the spirits by the quantitative descriptive analysis were based on appearance, aroma, flavor and texture, utilizing fourteen descriptive terms. According to the results, there were no significant differences (p≥0,05) for the majority of the attributes, but for yellowish coloration, wood aroma and flavor, whose values were higher for the cachaça. There was a greater acceptance and purchase interest for the cachaça and for the tiquira produced with commercial enzymes, showing that that the replacement of the commercial enzymes by the sweet potato enzymes did not result in a better sensory quality of the beverage, although better yields in reducing sugars were obtained with the hydrolysis treatments with sweet potato.
Catalisadores de Pd/Al2O3 modificados com La: preparação, caracterização e propriedades catalíticas nas reações de reforma a vapor e autotérmica do metano
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-11-26) Cassinelli, Wellington Henrique; Marques, Clélia Mara de Paula; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0451284088402660; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8800458933689577
The Pd catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation method of the supports using an aqueous solution of palladium nitrate. (x)La2O3-Al2O3 carriers, with x = 0 to 20 wt %, were obtained by wet impregnation and sol gel methods. The supports and catalysts were characterized by N2 physisorption, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, temperature-programmed reduction, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy of the adsorbed CO, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and dehydrogenation of cyclohexane reaction. The La2O3 presence on the carriers promotes a decrease in the Eaap and an increase in the TOFap and CH4 consumption values at 510 °C in the steam reforming of CH4 reaction. This increase in activity was related to Pdº*Pd+-OLa interfacial species type formation. These interfacial species promote the formation of Pd° sites of higher electron density, most activ e to C-H bond cleavage, and are also likely to be oxidized by H2O and CO2 co-reagents, promoting the O * transfer to the metal surface, which act on the oxidation of chemisorbed carbon (C *). This fact makes that the determining steps process to be more balanced, promoting a greater of CH4 accessibility to the Pd surface. The nature of the supports has a high influence on the properties of Pd catalysts in autothermal reforming of CH4 reaction (ATR). The Pd/Al catalysts showed a high deactivation in the ATR, due to strong agglomeration of Pd crystallites during the time the catalyst was maintained at 800 °C. For La 2O3 containing catalysts, the Pdº*Pd+-O-La interfacial species type formation promoted a higher activity and stability in ATR. However, was observed the formation of graphitic carbon type for Pd/12LaAl samples. The interfacial species promote both an increase in the CH4 activation rate, as in the removal of the C* species formed during CH4 activation. However, the CH4 activation and C* formation rate should be higher than diffusion or removal carbon rate. This effect coupled with the suitable particle size formed during the ATR tests results in a greater C* accumulation and growth in the filaments form.
Empresário e dependência no pensamento político de Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1957-1967)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-11-26) Laporta, Daniel Osterreicher; Cepêda, Vera Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4917331423373631; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0006735123016198
This text aims to study the Fernando Henrique Cardoso s works focusing the author s ideas concerning the industrial society and the brazilian post 1930 s modernization. It is intended to make a short descriptive and theoretical examination about the academic carrer of this intelectual and to analyse part of his political thoughts, which is those of greater theoretical centrality and contribution for the development theories, both the cepalinas and the latin american orthodoxal marxism ones. It is highlighted that one aspect of the existing literal analysis about Cardoso s work is that the brazilian political studies have been underexplored, which take us to revisit this intellectual importance to the study of brazilian society formation.
Estudo biológico de linhagens do protozoário ciliado Paramecium Caudatum Ehrenberg, 1833 e avaliação experimental do efeito tóxico do agrotóxico Fipronil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-11-26) Alves, Henrique Cezar; Seleghim, Mirna Helena Regali; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5998337634888263; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8695372570802215
Protozoans has been proposed as biological indicators of water pollution due to their sensitivity to environmental changes, their short life cycle and easy cultivation, this work intended to study two strains of the ciliated protozoan Paramecium caudatum Ehrenberg, 1833 (PC1 isolated from the Monjolinho Reservoir - São Carlos-SP and maintained in monoxenic culture at the Laboratory of Ecology of Aquatic Microorganisms of UFSCar and PC2 isolated from Óleo Lagoon an oxbow lake in the Moji-Guaçu River floodplain Luiz Antônio- SP). Experiments were done aiming to study the life cycle, best cultivation conditions and to verify the toxicity of the pesticide fipronil to these protozoan lineages, considering that the local from which they were isolated have differing history of contamination with the pesticide. The experiments were executed aiming to verify the possibility of the utilization of these organisms as environmental bioindicators in a standardized bioassay. The best culture condition obtained for PC1 was at pH 9 and 30 °C and for PC2 was at pH 7 and 27.5 °C. For the two lineages the best results were obtained with no light and agitation and the increase of the cultivation scale not interfered significantly in the growth. It was possible to observe that in culture, the PC2 has a slower growth and, in the other hand higher densities than PC1. Compared with other organisms, the two lineages are very resistant to fipronil, and as a result not suitable as bioindicators of environmental contamination by this pesticide. Besides, because they are food items for the higher trophic levels, their resistance to the pesticide led us to consider that in the contaminated ecossystems, these organisms can be important for the fipronil accumulation in the food web. However, the studied ciliates displayed potential to be used as test-organisms for ecotoxicological assays.
Estudo sobre o hidróxido de potássio no processo de produção industrial de poliol poliéter
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-11-26) Baixo, Rogério Dias; Tsunoda, Mitsukimi; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7842686360162069
Metallic ions may interact with polyether polyols giving macromolecular complexes. From this approach, it was investigated the interaction of cationic potassium with polyether polyols by means of several techniques in order to proof complexation as well as its ocurrence. The industrial synthesis of polyether polyols does not result in a pure product but gives a mixture with a range of molecular weights. The preparative chromatography was used to isolate a selection of products with representative molecular weights. The mass spectrometry was used to analyse the chromatographically separated fractions with representative molecular weights. The conductivimetric study of polyether polyols solutions containing potassium ions allowed detection of interactions occurring between the organic molecules and the metallic ions, implying the existence of complexation capacity in the linear ligands. The complexation of the cationic potassium was further confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) spectroscopy allowed the characterization of the size and morphology of the macromolecular complexes. The polyether polyols used in the present study were supplied from DOW Brasil S.A.
Variação genética em Salminus hilarii (Valenciennes, 1849) na região do Alto Rio São Francisco, MG e contribuições para a conservação do grupo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-11-26) Nunes, Aline Galindo; Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7305656895958851
The São Francisco river comprises one of the largest and most important river basins of Brazil and one of its main characteristics is the variety of fish species. The genus Salminus (Characiformes: Characidae) constitutes a group of migratory fish with great economic importance in fishing and gastronomy. Within this genus, Salminus hilarii (tabarana), due to its high degree of selectivity for the environment and to occupy the top of the food chain, of great importance to the ecosystem and a good indicator of environmental impacts. Many studies on conservation and population genetics have been conducted using molecular markers such as microsatellites, which can provide data on the genetic processes that are acting in a given population. These markers have relatively conserved flanking sequences, which allows the use of primers that were originally designed for other phylogenetically related species. In this study, nine polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated from Salminus franciscanus were used to assess the genetic variation of S. hilarii collected in three localities in the upper São Francisco river basin, aiming to evaluate the level of genetic variation and identify evidence of population structure, providing support for conservation of this group of fish and contributing effectively to maintain the biodiversity of this ecosystem. The cross amplification results were efficient and were able to identify a relatively high level of genetic variation. Moreover, it was possible to observe the absence of genetic structure between populations, suggesting the occurrence of gene flow between them enough to maintenance of the genetic homogeneity of this populations. These results are important tools, since they can provide information for understanding the behavior and biology of these fish to fisheries management and conservation programs.