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Gramática como habilidade no ensino-aprendizagem de língua inglesa: um estudo sobre implicações na acuidade da produção lingüística e percepções dos aprendizes a essa proposta
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-11-29)
Linhares, Maria José Xavier
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Viana, Nelson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6252579012192711
Research on grammar involving teaching-learning English as a foreign language has shown the necessity to change the focus on the way grammar has been taught in communicative classrooms. Much inquiring has been elicited concerning the best way to teach grammar so that it can contribute to the learners accuracy. The aim of this investigation is to analyze the process and the results, as studying a group of university students at a public university in Sao Paulo State, related to oral and written accuracy. We based our discussions and pedagogical activities design mainly on Batstone (1994) and Larsen-Freeman proposals (2003), called, respectively, Grammar as Skill and Grammaring. Besides being based on themes, the course design has followed two elements of the grammar as skill: noticing and reflection, which have guided the activities and the development of the classes as well as their perception to this grammar approach. Students proved to be receptive to this type of teaching grammar inductively, being able to use it in their oral and written linguistics production.
Intervenção pedagógica individualizada para alunos com deficiência intelectual : ensino de leitura em salas de recursos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-11-29)
Oliveira, Glaucimara Pires
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Gil, Maria Stella Coutinho de Alcântara
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1673770301699940
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8392528173156552
In contemporary society the acquaintance of reading is considered a fundamental resource for the individual s citizenship achievement. Despite the schools dedication to their students, there is no guarantee that all students learn with the mastery and fluency required. Within this context , there are students who present Intellectual disabilities , and by their specific characteristics have significant limitations, both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior. Many of these students are inserted in regular schools which offer assistance in specialized pedagogical extra hours, but nevertheless they often reach the upper grades of elementary school without the necessary reading and comprehension skills . Studies in the area of stimulus equivalence have demonstrated that the application of systematic methodologies with individualized procedures can reverse that problem in several steps and ways of teaching. The purpose of this research study was to verify the effectiveness of an individualized reading e writing Program in order to improve the skills of students with intellectual disabilities , and attend the resource classes at elementary school. The participants were two students, which presented different stages of literacy, both students with intellectual disabilities enrolled in primary education in regular classes and resource rooms. The participant 1 was exposed to the program 1, which teaches the reading of simple words( consonant vowel ) and the participant 2 was exposed to the program 2, which teaches the reading of more complex language s words . In both cases the results indicated the effectiveness of the teaching reading Program. In conclusion It could be verified that the effectiveness of the Program as an additional instructional procedure to those already used in the classroom, since it enhances the student s learning in Literacy. The resource room features as a specialized pedagogical service with different resources and It can be effective, with small number of students, as an important space to the application of the program as well as monitoring the student s performance.
Formação de professores para a educação inclusiva nos cursos de Pedagogia das Universidades Públicas Paulistas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-11-29)
Macedo, Natalia Neves
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Caiado, Kátia Regina Moreno
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0803778280883949
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5059722794651091
This study aimed mainly at understanding how the Special Education in the perspective of the Inclusive Education has been regarded in the Pedagogy courses of the three Public Universities of São Paulo State from the analysis of the Political Pedagogical Proposal, the course structure and the subject amendments offered in these courses. For this, we adopted as a research method the qualitative approach with technical analysis of documents. We analyzed the documents related to the Educational Policy Project, the course structure and the subject amendments of six out of the nine Pedagogy courses offered by the State Universities of São Paulo. The adopted theoretical approach comprises the school inclusion politics, the studies and research on teacher s education and initial training offered by Pedagogy courses, as well as the policy that underlies this training. The results show that the analyzed courses have not regarded, according to the principles that guide their Political Pedagogical Proposal, the training of future teachers to the perspective of inclusive education, with the exception of one course (Course E), which states in its proposal that students should be prepared, as prospective teachers, to identify and care for students with special education needs in their classrooms. All courses have covered the requirements of Resolution CNE / CP No. 1 / 2006, regarding the training of teachers for the "diversity awareness", as they offer at least a compulsory subject on Special Education in its course structure, besides other non-specific disciplines that deal with content or topics related to this issue. Despite the reduced number of required disciplines on Special Education in the structure of these courses, we noticed that Special Education has become increasingly more discussed in different subjects of the course structure. From the data analysis, we observed a considerable number of disciplines that include content or topics related to Special Education in some courses. These disciplines, which relate to different fields of knowledge, show in their amendments content related mainly to diversity and school inclusion. However, the specific disciplines seek to address content related to, among others, training of teachers for the identification and working with students with Special Education Needs enrolled in regular education, both in the theoretical and methodological framework. It was possible to observe, also, a considerable number of subjects not related to Special Education that include topics on this subject in their educational plans. From the results, we believe that a viable alternative to expand discussion concerning the Special Education on the perspective of the Inclusive Education in the structure of Pedagogy courses is the interdisciplinary work, in which teachers seek, besides the theory and practice, the inter -relation of different contents with the issues of Special Education in its theoretical, methodological and practical dimensions, aiming at formation of future teachers to the school reality in the context of inclusion. And it seems that this interdisciplinary model has gained strength in Pedagogy courses, despite the rational logic that still rules the structure organization of these courses.
Personalização de programas de TV no contexto da TV digital portátil interativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-11-29)
Gatto, Elaine Cecília
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Zorzo, Sérgio Donizetti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2523715806470871
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8559022477811603
Interactive Digital Television allows several services to be offered to users, in order to provide entertainment, e-learning and new mechanisms for social inclusion. Broadcasters and TV shoes may be created, which may gradually increase the amount of information to be displayed on the screen. As a result, users may experience discomfort and difficulties in finding information that really matters. In a portable environment, the user wants to make the most of his time when watching TV. Thus, investing too much time in searching for TV shows of interest is something undesirable. Recommender systems are used to minimize such shortcomings, help users with their searches for contents of interest and also to reduce the time spent on searches. This study focused on the development of a hybrid recommender system called BIPODiTVR, which is able to make recommendations from the observation of users behavior while watching television on the portable device. This system recommends TV shows through a collaborative and content-based filtering. The proposed system was evaluated by using metrics of acceptability of recommender systems applied to data provided by IBOPE, from six households for the period of fifteen days.
Racismo e injúria racial sob a ótica do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-11-29)
Santos, Elaine de Melo Lopes dos
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Silvério, Valter Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2281918252357780
[sem resumo]
Algumas contribuições do paradigma de escolha para o trabalho de pessoas com deficiência intelectual
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-01)
Escobal, Giovana
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Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2350037809874590
For the Analysis of Operant Behavior, between behavior and choice there is a bidirectional relationship, because each environmental stimulus has the potential to control various responses and the repertoires of individuals are complex. The selection of the response to be emited before each stimulus in each context constitutes in a condition of choice. The choice behavior is typically studied by concurrent schedules and chain concurrent schedules of reinforcement, and practical applications of the experimental model have been increasingly frequent. The present study aimed to investigatie the choice of adults with intellectual disabilities under work conditions; assess the preference for work components and to evaluate the influence of the situation of choice and no choice on parameters performance in such conditions. Four individuals have learned a task, with and without environmental work support. The work task was to assemble notebook s cover by gluing pieces of paper on the background cover. The arrangement developed for the work task, contained devices for placement of shredded paper, background covers and glue. Its goal was to provide immediate assistance to increase or maintain the frequency of the behavior and prevent errors in routine task. Then, the chain concurrent schedules of reinforcement were introduced. The participant could choose, in the first link, pressing a button on a fixed ratio schedules (FR 1), the condition, with or without environmental work support, with which would work on the second link. In Phase 2, participants could choose, still pressing a button and under fixed ratio schedules (FR1) among multiple schedules of reinforcement, without choice, and concurrent chain schedules of reinforcement, with choice. In multiple schedules, the components alternated in an almost random manner and differed in relation to the presence or absence of environmental work support. The criterion for response stability for parameters performance in relation to time and number of errors, respectively, was maximum variation of a minute around the average for the time parameter and a maximum variation of one error around the average for the number of errors parameter, both for three consecutive trials. The criterion for stability of the choice response was to emit at least 12 choices in the initial link of the chain concurrent schedules and emission of 100% of choice responses in the initial links of the chain concurrent schedules with a preference for one of the alternatives with or without environmental work support and with and without choice in four trials (one session) in two consecutive sessions. The performance under multiple schedules, without choice of component, was compared with performance under concurrent schedules, in which participants could choose the alternative that would work to verify the function of choice on performance in the alternatives, with and without environmental work support. In the teaching phase, participants learned the six steps of the task and showed a higher amount of instructions without the environmental work support. Both in the teaching phase and in Phases 1, 2, 3 e 4, all participants completed the task, on average, faster in the presence of the environmental work support. The condition with environmental work support and the alternative with choice proved to be preferable from the point of view of the individual with intellectual disabilities. Moreover, in general, working in the presence of the condition of choice, the participants completed the task with lower average of total time, and kept the number of errors in low level. Choice was made, therefore, without prejudice to its performance in the parameters analyzed. The study contributes to the development of professional training programs of individuals with intellectual disabilities, and brings important practical implications for planning education for this population.
Ictiofauna do semi-árido potiguar, Nordeste do Brasil: composição, riqueza e ecologia reprodutiva de espécies endêmicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-02)
Souza, Liliane de Lima Gurgel
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Chellappa, Sathyabama
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4657086910453785
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8383861001436139
Understanding the factors related to the reproductive strategy of endemic fish species at spatial and a temporal scale is essential for their conservation and management. The present study investigated the reproductive strategy of Prochilodus brevis and Cichlasoma orientale in the River Assu, located in the semi-arid Northeastern Brazil. Population structure, sex proportion, length at first maturity, stages of gonadal development, gonadosomatic index, condition factor, reproductive period and limnological variables were determined. Temporal distribution of mean rainfall, water temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, pH and electrical conductivity values were related to the reproductive period of P. brevis and C. orientale. The present study deals with the composition, species richness and endemism in fish species of River Assu. Analyses of GSI, K and size of oocytes indicate the reproduction of P. brevis occurs from January to March and that this species is a total spawner. Rainfall influenced alterations in limnological characteristics and the reproductive period of this species. The reproductive strategy of P. brevis is well adapted to the environmental characteristics of the semi-arid region. Cichlasoma orientale is a batch spawner with a reproductive period between the months March to June and in September, with a reproductive peak in the beginning of the rainy season. Multiple spawnings in one breeding season indicate that C. orientale is well adapted to the environmental characteristics of the semi-arid region. A total of 556 individuals were captured which were distributed in 3 orders, 10 families and 17 species, of which, 13 were endemic, 4 introduzed and one exotic. The orders more representatives in terms of number of fish species were Characiformes, Perciformes and Siluriformes. Among the families, Prochilodontidae was dominant followed by Cichlidae. P. brevis, an endemic species was most expressive followed by Trachelyopterus galeatus. Nine species were considered constant, five accessories and three accidental. The results demonstrate an elevated number of endemic species, among them the rheophilic fish which migrate to the head river to spawn, and a reduced number of introduced species. The presence of endemic species increases the importance of conservation and adequate management practice of this natural semi-arid ecosystem.
Programação de montagens em gabaritos com restrições de adjacência na indústria aeronáutica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-03)
Silva, Bruno Jensen Virginio da
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Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1595591838209296
This work deals with a production scheduling problem that appears in the aeronautics industry, involving special structures called assembly fixtures, composed of several workstations in parallel to assemble parts of the aircrafts. Tasks should be scheduled to be performed in these workstations in order to minimize the quantity of manpower needed to do the assembly and determine the production capacity of the assembly fixture, which means minimizing the makespan (the total time needed to finish the tasks). However, in addition to the usual constraints such as due dates and precedence among tasks, there are also constraints that prevent two tasks to be performed at the same time in two adjacent workstations on the assembly fixture. The assembly and the teams who work there are in continuous improvement of assembling processes, according to the cumulative production increases and the learning curve is traversed. The learning curve was divided in four stages with specific characteristics in each. Mixed integer linear programming models are proposed to represent the production scheduling problem of each stage, based on practical cases studies of assembly fixtures scheduling in an aeronautics company. Those models are solved using a modeling language and optimization software. The solutions are analyzed and compared and based on then, it is evaluated how the learning curve affects the airplane production over time and it is shown, in the results, that there exists potential of improvement in the use of assembling resources, using production scheduling and levelling the resources.
Direito à educação e ampliação da escolaridade obrigatória em Ponta Grossa (2001 – 2008)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-06)
Flach, Simone de Fátima
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Bittar, Marisa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0412260083540737
The work presented here analyses the impact that the process whereby the compulsory education period was extended from 8 to 9 years had on the state of Paraná, focusing on the political and educational conditions of the city of Ponta Grossa in the period between 2001 and 2008. The general purpose of this investigation was to point out the effects such change had on the lives of the citizens of Ponta Grossa, taking into account the government‟s commitment to allow every child the right to have access to education (nursery education for children below 6 years, and primary education for children above that age). The investigation sought to identify the link between the city education policy and broader social, political and historical influences and determinations, aiming to show that there is a dialectical movement between the particular and the universal. The research was developed through the observation and experience of the effects of the educational policy concerned in daily classroom practice and social life. In order to understand the effects produced in people‟s real lives, it was necessary: to carry out a historical and statistical survey based on the official documents and records available; to follow the discussions related to the extension of the compulsory education period at city, state and national levels, by carrying out a survey of norms and recommendations issued by normative and legislative bodies, according to records from the City Education Board of Ponta Grossa; to take part in public hearings held by the legislature of Paraná and follow the discussions and decisions of the state judiciary; to carry out a particular study on the historical formation of compulsory education as well as on the related political agenda at local, state, national and international levels; and finally to achieve a better knowledge on the guarantee of both the right to education and the respect to Brazilian citizens. The central point of the discussion is the importance of guaranteeing people the right to education, rather than it just being prescribed by law, because this initiative not only shows people being acknowledged by the government but is fundamental to allow them to have access to the means by which their citizenship is enhanced. The conclusion reached by the research is that the political actions analysed and their effects have been weak and incomplete; furthermore, the right to education for Brazilian citizens living in Ponta Grossa, Paraná, is in a contradictory situation in which social, economic and cultural interests are elements dialectically involved in the political and intellectual struggle occurring within the places where the procedural steps for public education policies are taken. The scientific merit of this research is to open the black box of the policy of the extension of the compulsory education period and allow its effects to be known and analysed. Particularly, the information presented here contributes to raising individual and collective awareness about how citizens‟ right can be violated by means of apparently correct and well-intentioned measures.
Um estudo preliminar sobre o imaginário de aprendizes de ensino fundamental e médio da rede pública com relação à língua espanhola
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-06)
Raizer, Paula Barros
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Yokota, Rosa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9230517686993400
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7157709550260372
El objetivo del presente trabajo es obtener datos indiciarios sobre el imaginario de alumnos brasileños respecto a la lengua española. Por reconocer la importancia de investigaciones anteriores que se detuvieron en el público adulto, buscamos estudiar los futuros alumnos de español de la red pública de enseñanza de Brasil. En el contexto de aplicación de la ley 11.161/2005, esta investigación busca contribuir a la comprensión del proceso de aprendizaje de español, señalar caminos para la producción de materiales didácticos y para la formación de profesores de español como lengua extranjera. Nuestra hipótesis inicial era la de que los aprendices tenían una imagen dicotómica de la lengua española dividida en Español de España y Español de América, tal como apuntó Fanjul (2002) y con valoraciones acerca de los hablantes nativos de las diferentes variedades de la lengua, como señaló Santos (2005). Respecto al aprendizaje, creíamos que, así como los adultos, el público joven cultivaría el imaginario de español como lengua fácil cuya competencia sería alcanzada inmediatamente. Para comprobar tales ideas, realizamos una investigación de carácter calitativo-descriptivo, de enfoque inductivo y que considera el significado que las personas atribuyen a las cosas y a la vida. Los informantes de la investigación son 7 estudiantes de Brotas (SP), entre 13 y 16 años, todos de la red pública y que no tuvieron experiencia institucional con la lengua española. Para la recogida de datos usamos dos técnicas: asociación libre de palabras y una producción de texto. Como resultados primarios, identificamos que, pese a la confirmación del imaginario de lengua fácil y competencia espontánea, los jóvenes agregan a ese imaginario la representación de lengua fácil, poco usada en el mundo y hasta desconocida. Por otro lado, no tienen una visión dicotómica de la lengua, sino una visión de lengua homogénea, que demuestra desconocimiento acerca del espacio geográfico y político que ocupa la lengua. Palabras-clave: Español; adolescentes; Enseñanza básica; Enseñanza Secundaria
A educação profissional e os fundamentos da escola unitária gramsciniana: o caso do Campus São João da Boa Vista do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-07)
Gianelli, Juliana Gimenes
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Ferreira Junior, Amarilio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0748545841167046
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9439027934502753
In the new context of professional education entered in the federal system of vocational technology, we will investigate the professional education offered here on campus Sao Joao da Boa Vista Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Sao Paulo. From the historical and dialectical materialism, we find that the institutional and government documents there are references to a unitary school of Gramsci and humanistic development, however, when we analyze the fundamentals that guide educational practices, we found the necessary elements to bring forth such a proposal education. In order to determine that the socioeconomic context of the region of Sao Joao justifies the provision of technical and technological courses Campus SBV before the logic of capitalism in this society today, we present the socioeconomic characteristics of the region, and we report data that reflect the origin social indicators of school and work-related activities, according to questionnaires completed by 265 students from Campus SBV. The report of empirical research revealed that the pedagogical courses come from the local and regional demand, and highlight the work as an educational principle with the relations between industry, technology and alienation of man in relation to work. Thus, we find that capitalist relations are present throughout the history of Brazilian professional education in such a way that indicated their social and economic consequences in the history of the Federal Institute of Sao Paulo. Given the current scenario of the new setting of professional education, due to a new government plan, we interpret the pedagogical institutional bias at the school gramscian unit, described in Book 12 in 1932. Therefore, we intend to demonstrate that the educational principle enunciated by Gramsci is necessary to develop technology education professional men omnilaterais from gramscian educational practices, such as the expansion of physical infrastructure, maintenance of the theoretical and practical , humanistic training for faculty and restructuring of the school curriculum. This allowed us to understand that school and creative unit is present in the school context which calls on its "selfless", aiming at moral and intellectual autonomy as well as the integrated development of human being.
Validação de metodologia analítica para determinação de cromo e zinco em biossólido
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-07)
Benzan, Régis
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Rezende, Maria Olimpia de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6164624893473124
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1992409461689585
The use of sewage sludge on agricultural soils has the main benefits the incorporation of the macronutrients nitrogen and phosphorus and the micronutrients zinc, copper, iron, manganese and molybdenum. You could say that, normally, the sewage sludge provides nutrients to the soil for crops, however, you must have knowledge of their composition in order to calculate the appropriate quantities to be incorporated, without the risk of toxicity plants and animals in certain situations and to man, and also without contaminating the environment. In this paper it is proposed the use of sewage sludge in addition to agricultural soils. Therefore, it is necessary to characterize the sludge to be added. Several parameters are used to characterize the sludge, namely: agronomic value, heavy metals, stability and sanity. The officially accepted analytical methodology for determination of elements involves atomic absorption spectroscopy or optical emission spectroscopy coupled to inductively coupled plasma. In this project, it is proposed to validate the methodology for determining the parameters: Zn and Cr by spectrophotometry using equipment Spectrophotometer, model DR/2500, HACH brand. Therefore, because of demand, it is necessary to validate a method where the tests are done with speed, safety, reliability and low cost compared with the official methods. The validation of the elements Cr and Zn was successful. All parameters for the physical and chemical characteristics were within the values permitted for disposal of biosolids as agricultural legislation.
Chácara do Rosário: um estudo do patrimônio cultural no âmbito do turismo rural de Itu-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-08)
Pessoa, Mara Aristeu
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Lana, Rita de Cássia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1816504631940006
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/18165046319401111
The present work has as main objective to analyze the current uses of the historical-cultural heritage in the development of tourist activities in a historic farm in the Itu region: Chácara do Rosário. For that, it started from the theoretical-conceptual discussion about rural tourism, cultural heritage, the relationship between heritage and tourism, and the use of cultural goods according to economic and social development. It was possible to understand that heritage would be an important attraction capable of motivating visitors with tourist activities that provide direct or indirect contact with cultural goods. The case study of Chácara do Rosário included appraisals on horseback riding, built heritage and cultural heritage maintenance issues. We sought to analyze tourist activities and elements of dissemination that would use heritage as the main support for economic development via tourism.
Dimensões sociais de ciência e tecnologia: representações sociais de alunos de escolas públicas de um município paulista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-08)
Lopes, Gabriela Zauith Leite
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Ogata, Márcia Niituma
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3274294833403570
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5471419148058887
Educational evaluations show that Brazilian students possess low income in diverse discipline, between them sciences. In the daily one of many schools, the scientific knowledge inhabits in didactic books and not its return - what it would taken to the disinterest and the passivity. The scientific education can bring beyond the learning of the concepts, a critical and contrary vision to the positivism education. The transformations of the conceptions of science if had modified the World War II especially after, and, of some had been transferred to the education, in the education of sciences, by means of curricular lines of direction. . The objective of this research is to identify the vision of science of pupils of the average education of two public schools and to analyze its social representations of science and technology. The theoretical referencial used is the social studies of science and the technology and the STS Movement (Science, Technology and Society). The referencial adopted theoreticianmethodology is the Social Representations, which fulfill the function to understand as the knowledge circulates and as science is appropriate for the society. One is about exploratory research of qualitative nature. In the collection of data interviews with questions with 18 pupils of two public schools of the average education of Ribeirão Preto had been carried through. Software ALCESTE 4,5 was used for systematization of the data and posterior qualitative analysis. The program identified 4 classes: 1) Action of the man in the nature; 2) Technology: a treacherous easiness; 3) The two sides of science and 4) Science: research for the health? The results point with respect to construction of a social representation where science and the technology leave of being associates only to its potential of creation and solution of problems, to accumulate of stocks more critical meanings. The citizens of this research associate the benefits of science to the cure of illnesses and the curses to the wars and the interests for the profit. The knowledge shared for the pupils on the impact of science and the technology in the society sample that these are conscientious of the curses that the scientific progress causes in the environment. The proposal of dialogue and the insertion of social dimensions in the education of sciences open way for science are of the laboratories and inside of the Brazilian realitie.
Caracterização do comportamento de desgaste de cerâmicas de alumina densa : efeitos de parâmetros do ensaio do tipo pino no disco
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-08)
Tedesco, Nadetsa Reginato
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Tomasi, Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8591752492566665
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2815163529846721
Searching for wear resistant materials, attention has been paid to Si3N4, SiC, Al2O3 and ZrO2 ceramics due to their better properties as compared to other materials. Although ceramic are brittleness, improvements on the processing and by the addition of second phases to the ceramic matrix have lessen this restriction because of microstructure refinement. Therefore, some mechanical proprieties have been optimized e probably the wear resistance also. Among the ceramic composites, greater attention has been given to the alumina nanocomposites due to the improvements on the toughness, hardness and mechanical resistance. Wear research has been made in the literature but, a direct comparison between the many published works regarding this wear improvement is impossible due to the fact that wear resistance is a response of the microstructure, material and testing condition. So the work herein presented aim was to do a systematic study in the alumina wear based on the critical parameters which have to be controlled on a pin-on-disc test concerning about the mild and severe wear regime. Since, it was possible to describe a procedure to evaluate the alumina wear behavior and resistance in terms of applied load, sliding speed and environment. By the use of the study methodology proposed, it was possible to construct a simplify wear transition diagram which allowed to define parameters combination were alumina can be use as a wear resistance material
Do local para o nacional: o orçamento participativo e as novas práticas políticas petistas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-08)
Souza, Luciana Andressa Martins de
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Noronha, Eduardo Garuti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6908348693613769
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3453233041784779
The central objective of this thesis was to verify in which manner participatory budgeting was transformed into a political strategy of the PT (Worker s Party) for the party be consolidated into a viable option for federal government, keeping in mind the growth of the party in elections subsequent to the successful experiences of local governments that adopted participatory reforms. As a basis we took the premise of Panebianco (2005) concerning institutional changes to explain how programmatic changes endured by the PT impacted the consolidation of these participatory politics. The secondary objective was to analyze whether or not the implantation of participatory budgeting in drafting local politics contributes to the change of local political practices, especially verified by the introduction of this new participatory arrangement in the relationship between local executive and legislative branches. To reach this objective, we compared the institutional design of three experiences in participatory budgeting that are similar in various ways, but are distinguishable by the results produced by these participatory institutions. This analysis is theoretically based on the comparative institutional approach and the conjectures of Peter Evans (1995, 2004b) who departs from contextual differences and searches for regularities or analyzes, rather, the nature and the role of these participatory mechanisms in comparative terms. In sum, we concluded that participatory budgeting was a form of learning local and national policies and politics for the PT.
Estratégias quimiométricas para análise de plantas por espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma induzido por laser
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-08)
Nunes, Lidiane Cristina
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Krug, Francisco José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5462034099753487
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6742187277587463
A simultaneous optimization strategy based on neuro-genetic approach is proposed for selection of operational parameters for the simultaneous determination of macronutrients (Ca, Mg and P), micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn), Al and Si in plants by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Laser pulse energy, lens-to-sample distance, number of accumulated laser pulses, delay time and integration time gate were optimized. A Q-Switched Nd: YAG laser operating in the fundamental wavelength (1064 nm) with repetition rate of 10 Hz and spectrometer with optical Echelle and ICCD detector was employed. Pellets of spinach leaves (NIST 1570a) were employed as laboratory samples. Measurements of LIBS spectra were based on three replicates and each replicate consisted of an average of ten spectra collected in different sites (i.e. test portions) of the pellet. In order to find a model that could correlate LIBS operational parameters and peak areas of all elements simultaneously a Bayesian Regularized Artificial Neural Network (BRANN) approach was employed. Subsequently, genetic algorithm (GA) was applied to find the optimal parameters for the neural network model. A single LIBS working condition pointed out by genetic algorithm (GA) was obtained with the following optimized parameters: 17.5 cm lens-to-sample distance, 25 accumulated laser pulses, 2.0 μs delay time and 4.5 μs integration time gate using a laser Nd:YAG at 1064 nm with 110 mJ per pulse focused on a pellet surface prepared from ground plant samples. Quantitative determinations were carried out by using chemometric methods, such as PLSR and iPLS. Samples of different cultures were used. For comparative purpose, the laboratory samples were also microwave-assisted digested and further analyzed by ICP OES. In general, results obtained by LIBS did not differ significantly from ICP OES data by applying a t-test at 95% confidence level. It is demonstrated that LIBS is a powerful tool for determination of macro and micronutrients in pellets of plant materials.
Estudo multicaso de práticas de implantação do método SMED
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-09)
Pereira, Marcelo Alves
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Martins, Manoel Fernando
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3921504261628850
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3382348261494537
The improvement of the productivity in the production processes became a constant search of the companies. In that search, several tools, methods or techniques are to the disposition. Being taken in consideration that the productivity is just an end, they are necessary means to promote her. The method developed by Shigeo Shingo he intends to that, denominated SMED - Single Minute Exchange of Die, and that can be translated by fast change of tool in an type of minute, it proposes that the setups is accomplished in less than 10 minutes, possible time of being reached starting from the rationalization of the tasks of the operator and improvements accomplished in the machine. The implantation of the method SMED possesses low costs initially, needing much more initiatives relatively simple and of adoption of procedures of works equally simple and of easy understanding to the workers. This multiple case studies accomplished in three companies of different industrial segments, with the objective of understanding the practices adopted in the implantation of the method SMED, that respected your implantation formats they based originally on the works developed by Shigeo Shingo. The study identifies the reason of the companies in adopting the method and as they structured the implantation in function of your peculiarities and financial readiness. Central aspects, as the work route for implantation of the method, the workers' training, the reductions of time of setup and the form that the companies adopted to accompany and to control the method, they were appropriately described. The results demonstrate that the companies got to reduce significantly the hours used with setup, with won considerable made possible by the reduction of overtimes or work shifts, of the promotion of a significant improvement of the work areas and of the conditions of the workers' work, evidencing the different forms adopted to accompany and to control the acting of the method. It was still possible, starting from the acquired experience in the execution of this dissertation, to elaborate a route of eight stages with recommendations for the process of implantation of the method SMED.
Idosos com alterações cognitivas: estudando o apoio social em diferentes contextos de vulnerabilidade social
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-09)
Brito, Tábatta Renata Pereira de
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Pavarini, Sofia Cristina Iost
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/1983620301963081
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4291608320193099
Social support can promote better health, helping to keep the elderly independent in their familiar and social-cultural context, which is essential for cognitive function and psychological well-being. This study aimed to investigate the association between social support of elderly people with cognitive impairments and the different contexts of social vulnerability that are exposed in the municipality of São Carlos. This is a descriptive transversal study of quantitative character. The subjects were 85 elderly residents in different areas of social vulnerability, that they had presented results in the Exam Mini of Mental State below the cutoff. All ethical guidelines were observed. It were applied the Brazil Criteria, Exam Mini of Mental State (EMMS), Medical Outcomes Study (MOS), Diagram of Choice , Katz Index and the Functional Activities Questionnaire of Pfeffer. There has been a descriptive analysis and correlation of data through statistical tests. The results show that among women, most living in the context of very low, low and middle social vulnerability. Among men, the majority were residents of regions of high and very high social vulnerability. In both contexts there were mostly elderly people aged 70 to 79 years, and reported that they were white, Catholic, and monthly income of up to one minimum wage. In regions of high and very high vulnerability were greater numbers of elderly illiterate, while in the context of very low, low and medium vulnerability dominance of older people with schooling 1-3 years. The performance of the elderly in basic and instrumental activities of daily living revealed that among the independent elderly, the majority resides in the context of high and very high social vulnerability. Among dependents, the majority are resident in regions with very low, low and medium vulnerability. Social support was measured by the frequency that the elderly have different types of support. In regions of high and very high social vulnerability, the levels of social support in the dimensions of material support, emotional, informational and positive social interaction are better when compared with the context of very low, low and medium vulnerability. There were significant correlations between the dimensions of support and the IPVS variables, family income, number of people living in the household, presence of children in the home for the elderly, and the results of the Pfeffer's Questionnaire. Regarding social support network of elderly people with cognitive impairment, residing in the context of high and very high social vulnerability, the results showed that in this context the elderly have a great social network, with a predominance of members of his inner circle, and that also they provide more support than they receive. Data analysis can help identify the profile of the elderly vulnerable, encouraging proper structuring of health actions and assisting in the implementation of health attention policy for the elderly.
Gestão estratégica para pequenas empresas em estágio crítico de desenvolvimento : uma proposta de modelo sistematizando as informações e os recursos humanos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-10)
Chu, Marilia Gabriela Pavan Kuri
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Alves Filho, Alceu Gomes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7885557554922569
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8120131145585752
The main purpose of this work is to establish a Strategic Management Model which includes the peculiar situation of small companies in a shifting moment of their life cycle. In a critical moment of restructuring in small companies the systematization of Human Resources HR and Information Systems IS were found crucial to the efficiency of the Strategic Management process. The modeling proposal shows Human Resources and Information Systems not only as support areas to the Competitive Strategy, but also as fundamental elements to constitute efficient Strategic Management. Two small companies were studied using action-research method. It has been shown that an organization needs to sustain data collection which feeds strategic diagnosis, as well as keep compromised with strategic goals coworkers who make feasible action programs. Defined as infrastructural priorities, HR and IS are the foundation to the Competitive Strategy. The core of strategy concepts has not been altered, so it is consonant with several authors in this field of knowledge. It has been concluded that Strategy is about create unique value, which means to be different somehow and therefore have added value and profits. That implies to develop value chain in business with several competitive advantages that may be isolated to be copied, but they hardly will be copied as a whole. Companies have to obtain, from all technological, human and financial resources, among others, an ideal combination of their usage in real time so they can get competitive gains in the business. Therefore, this is the main role of Competitive Strategy: to create to managers a sustainable cycle to evaluate, criticize and change decisions that have been and will be taken to business growth, establishing criteria that help to understand and reverse negative outcomes and to make feasible and maximize positive effects. This work has shown some difficulties found in the stage shifting of life cycle in the small companies, for which the lack of HR and SI structure may cause severe damage to all strategic actions, since data and labor teams become compromised.