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Dimensões sociais de ciência e tecnologia: representações sociais de alunos de escolas públicas de um município paulista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-08) Lopes, Gabriela Zauith Leite; Ogata, Márcia Niituma; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3274294833403570; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5471419148058887
Educational evaluations show that Brazilian students possess low income in diverse discipline, between them sciences. In the daily one of many schools, the scientific knowledge inhabits in didactic books and not its return - what it would taken to the disinterest and the passivity. The scientific education can bring beyond the learning of the concepts, a critical and contrary vision to the positivism education. The transformations of the conceptions of science if had modified the World War II especially after, and, of some had been transferred to the education, in the education of sciences, by means of curricular lines of direction. . The objective of this research is to identify the vision of science of pupils of the average education of two public schools and to analyze its social representations of science and technology. The theoretical referencial used is the social studies of science and the technology and the STS Movement (Science, Technology and Society). The referencial adopted theoreticianmethodology is the Social Representations, which fulfill the function to understand as the knowledge circulates and as science is appropriate for the society. One is about exploratory research of qualitative nature. In the collection of data interviews with questions with 18 pupils of two public schools of the average education of Ribeirão Preto had been carried through. Software ALCESTE 4,5 was used for systematization of the data and posterior qualitative analysis. The program identified 4 classes: 1) Action of the man in the nature; 2) Technology: a treacherous easiness; 3) The two sides of science and 4) Science: research for the health? The results point with respect to construction of a social representation where science and the technology leave of being associates only to its potential of creation and solution of problems, to accumulate of stocks more critical meanings. The citizens of this research associate the benefits of science to the cure of illnesses and the curses to the wars and the interests for the profit. The knowledge shared for the pupils on the impact of science and the technology in the society sample that these are conscientious of the curses that the scientific progress causes in the environment. The proposal of dialogue and the insertion of social dimensions in the education of sciences open way for science are of the laboratories and inside of the Brazilian realitie.
Do local para o nacional: o orçamento participativo e as novas práticas políticas petistas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-08) Souza, Luciana Andressa Martins de; Noronha, Eduardo Garuti; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6908348693613769; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3453233041784779
The central objective of this thesis was to verify in which manner participatory budgeting was transformed into a political strategy of the PT (Worker s Party) for the party be consolidated into a viable option for federal government, keeping in mind the growth of the party in elections subsequent to the successful experiences of local governments that adopted participatory reforms. As a basis we took the premise of Panebianco (2005) concerning institutional changes to explain how programmatic changes endured by the PT impacted the consolidation of these participatory politics. The secondary objective was to analyze whether or not the implantation of participatory budgeting in drafting local politics contributes to the change of local political practices, especially verified by the introduction of this new participatory arrangement in the relationship between local executive and legislative branches. To reach this objective, we compared the institutional design of three experiences in participatory budgeting that are similar in various ways, but are distinguishable by the results produced by these participatory institutions. This analysis is theoretically based on the comparative institutional approach and the conjectures of Peter Evans (1995, 2004b) who departs from contextual differences and searches for regularities or analyzes, rather, the nature and the role of these participatory mechanisms in comparative terms. In sum, we concluded that participatory budgeting was a form of learning local and national policies and politics for the PT.
Chácara do Rosário: um estudo do patrimônio cultural no âmbito do turismo rural de Itu-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-08) Pessoa, Mara Aristeu; Lana, Rita de Cássia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1816504631940006; https://lattes.cnpq.br/18165046319401111
The present work has as main objective to analyze the current uses of the historical-cultural heritage in the development of tourist activities in a historic farm in the Itu region: Chácara do Rosário. For that, it started from the theoretical-conceptual discussion about rural tourism, cultural heritage, the relationship between heritage and tourism, and the use of cultural goods according to economic and social development. It was possible to understand that heritage would be an important attraction capable of motivating visitors with tourist activities that provide direct or indirect contact with cultural goods. The case study of Chácara do Rosário included appraisals on horseback riding, built heritage and cultural heritage maintenance issues. We sought to analyze tourist activities and elements of dissemination that would use heritage as the main support for economic development via tourism.
Estratégias quimiométricas para análise de plantas por espectrometria de emissão óptica com plasma induzido por laser
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-08) Nunes, Lidiane Cristina; Krug, Francisco José; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5462034099753487; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6742187277587463
A simultaneous optimization strategy based on neuro-genetic approach is proposed for selection of operational parameters for the simultaneous determination of macronutrients (Ca, Mg and P), micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn), Al and Si in plants by laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Laser pulse energy, lens-to-sample distance, number of accumulated laser pulses, delay time and integration time gate were optimized. A Q-Switched Nd: YAG laser operating in the fundamental wavelength (1064 nm) with repetition rate of 10 Hz and spectrometer with optical Echelle and ICCD detector was employed. Pellets of spinach leaves (NIST 1570a) were employed as laboratory samples. Measurements of LIBS spectra were based on three replicates and each replicate consisted of an average of ten spectra collected in different sites (i.e. test portions) of the pellet. In order to find a model that could correlate LIBS operational parameters and peak areas of all elements simultaneously a Bayesian Regularized Artificial Neural Network (BRANN) approach was employed. Subsequently, genetic algorithm (GA) was applied to find the optimal parameters for the neural network model. A single LIBS working condition pointed out by genetic algorithm (GA) was obtained with the following optimized parameters: 17.5 cm lens-to-sample distance, 25 accumulated laser pulses, 2.0 μs delay time and 4.5 μs integration time gate using a laser Nd:YAG at 1064 nm with 110 mJ per pulse focused on a pellet surface prepared from ground plant samples. Quantitative determinations were carried out by using chemometric methods, such as PLSR and iPLS. Samples of different cultures were used. For comparative purpose, the laboratory samples were also microwave-assisted digested and further analyzed by ICP OES. In general, results obtained by LIBS did not differ significantly from ICP OES data by applying a t-test at 95% confidence level. It is demonstrated that LIBS is a powerful tool for determination of macro and micronutrients in pellets of plant materials.
Caracterização do comportamento de desgaste de cerâmicas de alumina densa : efeitos de parâmetros do ensaio do tipo pino no disco
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-08) Tedesco, Nadetsa Reginato; Tomasi, Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8591752492566665; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2815163529846721
Searching for wear resistant materials, attention has been paid to Si3N4, SiC, Al2O3 and ZrO2 ceramics due to their better properties as compared to other materials. Although ceramic are brittleness, improvements on the processing and by the addition of second phases to the ceramic matrix have lessen this restriction because of microstructure refinement. Therefore, some mechanical proprieties have been optimized e probably the wear resistance also. Among the ceramic composites, greater attention has been given to the alumina nanocomposites due to the improvements on the toughness, hardness and mechanical resistance. Wear research has been made in the literature but, a direct comparison between the many published works regarding this wear improvement is impossible due to the fact that wear resistance is a response of the microstructure, material and testing condition. So the work herein presented aim was to do a systematic study in the alumina wear based on the critical parameters which have to be controlled on a pin-on-disc test concerning about the mild and severe wear regime. Since, it was possible to describe a procedure to evaluate the alumina wear behavior and resistance in terms of applied load, sliding speed and environment. By the use of the study methodology proposed, it was possible to construct a simplify wear transition diagram which allowed to define parameters combination were alumina can be use as a wear resistance material