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Definição de rotas para coleta porta-a-porta de óleo residual de fritura visando o reuso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-15)
Binoto, Renato
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Sanches, Suely da Penha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3857424839674606
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6086974563644068
The collection of solid waste generated in urban areas is a growing concern for governments, health professionals and environmentalists. Among these concerns is the disposal of vegetable oil used in homes, which requires a more appropriate final allocation. For this to be attained, it is necessary, in addition to public awareness, the planning for the collection, with pre-defined routes. This study simulates alternative systems to collect waste oil in some sectors of the city of São Carlos SP using a Geographic Information System GIS. Using this system, routes to be travelled by the collectors from door to door, are defined. The program used was the TransCAD, which is a GIS specific for transportation planning, transport professionals, enabling the development routes using algorithms that include a procedure for arc routing. For this study it was assumed that a collector truck would be parked at some defined points and the collection would be performed by collecting agents with carts following pre-defined routes. Several simulations were made, aiming at minimizing the length of the routes and the number of agents necessary for the task. The results obtained with the simulations demonstrated that it is possible to define sets of routes that minimize the cost and the manpower required for the door to door collection of discarded frying oil.
Uma abordagem heurística para o problema de roteamento de veículos com designação de entregadores extras
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-15)
Ferreira, Vanessa de Oliveira
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Pureza, Vitória Maria Miranda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9516094339302132
The pursuit of excellence in customer service drives companies to investigate strategies that help to produce satisfactory solutions to the market, as is the case of beverage companies. One of the obstacles faced by this sector is the difficulty in distributing the demanded products within regular working hours due to long service times in each demand site. An alternative for reducing violations of route time consists in including the assignment of extra deliverymen to the usual routing and scheduling decisions. Such treatment is hardly often explored in the literature and it was not found any evidence of commercial softwares that consider it. In this sense, the current work addresses the Vehicle Routing Problem with the assignment of extra deliverymen, with the aim of generating routes in which the number of unserved clients in regular working hours is minimized. To this end, we propose an extension of Clarke and Wright heuristic. The proposed extension is applied to sets of examples generated based on classic instances of Solomon (1987) and Christofides et al. (1979). The results of the application are compared to those provided by the heuristic of Clarke and Wright according to a set of performance criteria.
Involuções fixando FnUF3
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-15)
Barbaresco, Évelin Meneguesso
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Pergher, Pedro Luiz Queiroz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3328545959112090
Let Mm a closed and smooth m-dimensional manifold and T : Mm - Mm a smooth involution defined on Mm. It is well known that the fixed point set F of T is a finite and disjoint union of closed submanifolds, with possibly different dimensions. Write F = [n i=0Fi, n _ m, where Fi denotes the union of those components of dimension i. Suppose that F has the form Fn [ Fj , 0 _ j < n, and that F does not bound. From the Five Halves Theorem of J. Boardman, one then has m _ 5 2 n. In this work, our interest is to obtain improvements of this general bound in the case F = Fn [ F3, where n > 3. Results of this nature were obtained by R. E. Stong and P. Pergher for j = 0, S. Kelton for j = 1 and F. Figueira for j = 2. We will see that a general bound in this case is m(n-3)+6, where m(n) is a number discovered by Stong and Pergher which works as a best possible bound for the case F = Fn [ fptog (j = 0).
Blendas de PHBV e PCL para uso em dispositivos de osteossíntese
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-15)
Casarin, Suzan Aline
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Agnelli, José Augusto Marcondes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7592090152400440
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9959295737759646
This study aimed to develop and characterize polymer blends using biodegradable and bioabsorbable polymers poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) PHBV with 12% valerate, and poly (ε-caprolactone) PCL, in order to make the PHBV less fragile for applications such as osteosynthesis devices. We studied the binary mixture of these polymers in the compositions PHBV / PCL (75/25 and 50/50). The polymer blends were prepared in order to simulate a large-scale industrial process, by extrusion followed by injection. The pure polymers and polymer blends were evaluated and characterized by: Melt Flow Index (MFI), Thermal Analysis (TG, DSC and DMTA), Optical Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermal Test of the Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT), Mechanical Tests (impact, tensile and flexural), Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), analysis of in vitro degradation and Cytotoxicity Analysis, direct and indirect. The results obtained through different techniques indicated the immiscibility of PHBV / PCL blends. In terms of mechanical properties, the polymer blends analyzed indicated better characteristics than copolymer PHBV, presenting a less brittle behavior. In the in vitro study, in phosphate buffered saline solution with pH 7.3, the PHBV and PCL samples indicated a slow degradation behavior when compared to other bioabsorbable polymers. Along the degradation period, the polymers became more rigid, increasing the values of the Tensile Modulus of Elasticity. It was verified that, depending on the degradation period, there was a reduction in the values of molar masses of the samples studied. Through the cytotoxicity analysis, it was found that the pure polymers and the blends studied did not indicate indirect toxicity. However, the results indicated toxicity through the direct contact with the polymers studied, which may be related to the superficial characteristics thereof.
Metodologia participativa aplicada ao manejo da zona de amortecimento das Estações Ecológica e Experimental de Itirapina, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-15)
Dutra-Lutgens, Helena
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Santos, José Eduardo dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0597896011849889
Protected Areas represent a fundamental strategy for biodiversity conservation, yet it is essential to consider the inclusion of each in its regional context. The support and participation of society are very important to the conservation of these areas, especially with regard to their buffer zones. The aim of the present study was to develop a proposal for limits and management for the buffer zone of Itirapina protected areas, according to technical parameters and with the participation and integration of various groups of social actors, to support its effective implementation and maintenance of social and environmental functions provided by it. The research was based on the methodological principles of action research and was conducted in three stages:in the first of them was performed a dynamic analysis of the use and occupation of land in the study area and identification of groups of social actors from around the Itirapina protected areas; the second stage examined through semistructured qualitative interviews, the meaning of Itirapina protected areas and the role of the buffer zone from the perspective of groups of social actors from around these areas. The third stage brought together the people interviewed in the second step, in a planning workshop for a proposed definition of boundaries and zoning for the buffer zone of Itirapina protected areas.The surrounding population identified the goods and services provided by natural ecosystems, related them to the maintenance of environmental functions with the presence of protected areas in the region, reported changes in environmental functions due to human activities in the surrounding, and also are able to participate in decision-making processes that involve the protected areas and its buffer zone.
Discursos, hegemonia e agronegócio: tensão e luta de classes no contemporâneo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-16)
Caracelli Scherma, Camila
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Miotello, Valdemir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9131819326282708
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6214829816320750
In this work we purpose a study of the relationships and discursive struggles that are established on material bases of society, the infrastructure, through the discourses that are produced about the economical activities linked to agribusiness. We are interested in understanding how the actions of the concrete base are prepared, justified and modified through discourses, through word, through signs. Thus, by the study of various discourses collected in the most varied spheres of human activity, of many different genres, we intend to build a comprehension of the tense ideological and discursive struggles that are waged in the materiality of the enunciations, according to divergent conceptions, values and positions related to agricultural and livestock activities on a large scale - agribusiness. That's if we consider that there are discourses that construct this economic activity as the key to the economic development of our country, and to sustain this position, struggle to maintain and strengthen the present order of things; and, by the other hand, there are conceptions that link all these efforts and investments to reinforce the historical Brazilian position as a supplier of raw materials to the international market. The discursive differences are ideological differences, which constitute a clash between stability and instability, a discursive struggle, which is an ideological struggle, since that ideological signs that constitute the discourses refract e reflect the same reality in different ways, since they are grounded on class interests.
Implicações do desenvolvimento agroindustrial na sustentabilidade ambiental: um estudo no estado do Mato Grosso
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-16)
Redivo, Adriana Regina
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Nantes, José Flávio Diniz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1900976112613026
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5860514646210031
Sustainable development has been extensively debated, and it is a matter of great concern for the agribusiness sector in Brazil, especially in the state of Mato Grosso, the largest soybean producing state in the country. This topic includes complex issues that ought to be considered as multidisciplinary. The process of action planning should encompass a broad systemic context that includes sustainability dimensions (environmental, economic, and social). This study evaluated the agribusiness production development of Mato Grosso state and identified impacts of its growth on the agroindustry. In order to evaluate the agribusiness development, technical base indicators such as credit evolution, soil occupation were defined, machinery and equipment, consumption of fertilizers and agroindustry development . The environmental indicators considered for the evaluation of the impacts of this development on the environment were agrochemicals, deforestation, and forest fire/hotspots. The methodology used was an explanatory qualitative research based on secondary sources. This study is a theoretical dissertation that focuses on agribusiness and stockbreeding development as well as the advances of the agroindustry in the state of Mato Grosso. The results indicate that the growth in grain production and the consumption of fertilizers, together with the increase in the credit limit and in the amount of machinery and equipment, are directly related to the environmental degradation in the state. Such fact was confirmed by the increase in the environmental indicators mentioned above and by the fact that the agroindustry has been standing out in the state. It can be said that, so far, the major concern of this sector has been production increase, and therefore, sustainable production, especially regarding environmental issues, is a secondary concern when different sustainability approaches for the agroindustry development are considered. This research indicates a need for change in the profile of the rural producer, mainly with regard to environmental issues, in order to achieve sustainability and guarantee that this industry sector will last for future generations.
Gestão da inovação no processo de desenvolvimento de software: o caso de empresas de software do arranjo produtivo local de tecnologia da informação de Goiânia - GO
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-16)
Corsatto, Cássia Aparecida
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Hoffmann, Wanda Aparecida Machado
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7609135667093837
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3336747526568951
The aims of this projetc involves to study the innovation management context , the way then occurs and identify, at the small bussiness which are localizated in the APL de TI de Goiânia GO, making a link with concepts and theorical studies about the innovation management matter, competitiviness and sustainable development presents in the literature and practices application thereof. Will be analyzed the question about innovation development and its implementation on software development process, as well as it are used like a competitive strategy. This research will be conducted with qualitative and quantitative investigation, bibliographic research and exploratory/descriptive research. It was interviewing managers and employers of this enterprises looking for identifying the best pratices about innovation management at this business. Thus, it was mapped, in defined universe, choose for sampling and selected previously criteria, small businesses that present themselves as innovators enterprises in the Information Techinology activety, localizated at APL de TI de Goiânia GO. It was observed three items: people, process and products and the matters which be able to stimulate learning and knowledge in the innovative companies. The results obtained by means bibliographics search, Field search, using another studies about the APL´s costumers and also observing the management innovation in the enterprises wich yours sustainability strategies allowed us to draw a profile of management innovation within these firms of the requirements and this research make a innovation management profile in this organization, observing the innovation rules subscribed at the 3ªth Edition OSLO GUIDE and understand the innovation management impact in the studied APL.
Competências do Bibliotecário em gestão do conhecimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-16)
Lima, Douglas Arcanjo de
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Amaral, Roniberto Morato do
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6958372164719600
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2538846551625710
Knowledge management (KM) gives the organization a sustainable competitive advantage. However, to the KM cause significant impacts on the organization, observable improvement in performance, it is required that it is performed by competent professionals. The objective is to map the necessary skills for librarians in the performance of the initiatives in KM. The method used was a case study and the unit-case, an organization for technological research. The results were: 1) identification and mapping initiatives in KM and skills necessary for the librarian in the performance of these initiatives in the organization studied. We concluded that the librarian meets the expectations of the organization, as the skills necessary for the operation with KM.
Gestão do processo assistencial e de processamento de Banco de Leite Humano com foco na melhoria da qualidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-16)
Torrezan, Ana Carolina
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Zem-Mascarenhas, Silvia Helena
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0185144417072417
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3368212865362373
Human milk is considered the nutrient most suitable for the newborn so the Ministry of Health recommends exclusive breastfeeding until six months of life. With the policy of encouraging, supporting and promoting breastfeeding among other strategies emerged the Human Milk Bank (HMB), which through its history, currently form the Brazilian Network of Human Milk Banks Network (HMB-BR). One function of the HMB is the processing of human milk, donated voluntarily initiating the capture of the donor and is meant to distribution of pasteurized human milk to newborns, especially those who remain in the NICU. For this process to occur with safety and quality activities must meet rigorous standards and current legislation. Because of the importance and relevance of this theme study aimed to develop a proposal for process management and assistance activities of the processing of human milk with a HMB focus on improvement quality. Data were collected by observing activities in HMB, during the period of one month and in the archives of the Human Milk Bank Network site HMB-BR between the years 2005 and 2009. Then these activities were grouped in welfare activities and activities of processing and quality control and then measured. The Methodological Process Management was used to guide this study in directions to achieve the objectives. The strategies were used to describe the organizational model HMB using the graphical, flowchart, mapping and modeling activities by offering a clear and systematic in their operation. The results have demonstrated the importance of process management for service quality management by providing constant monitoring, achieving an efficient and effective continuous quality HMB.
Entre rupturas e continuidades : um estudo sobre o processo de re-significação do emprego bancário em um banco público federal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-17)
Martins, Fernando Ramalho
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Lima, Jacob Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9244132532446607
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7254998753931987
The object of this study is the perceptions and meanings attributed to the public bank employment by employees of a federal bank. The 1990s were a decade of dramatic changes, marked by fusions, acquisitions and privatizations of public banks, intensification of work through expressive extinctions of formal jobs, precariousness of work relations, outsourcing and wage patterns deterioration and, at the same time, profits recovering at the end of the period. Thus, this study aimed to investigate and analyze how the employees of the target bank perceive bank work after the changes produced by the 1990s restructuring process. The first step was to analyze the productive restructuring process on the sector and its implications on work and workers. The second step was to try to characterize the major facts and changes occurred in the bank during the 1990s and early 2000s, via analysis of documents available at Centro de Documentação do Sindicato dos Bancários de São Paulo (documentation department of to the bank workers union in São Paulo). Finally, semistructured interviews were carried out with two groups of workers; group one consisted of ten clerks, staff hired up to 1989, who went through the sector restructuring; group two consisted of ten bank technicians, representing the new generation of bank workers, hired after the 1998 recruitment process. We started from the hypothesis that the mode how the public bank work is perceived by bank workers was negatively affected by changes occurred in the sector in the 1990s, which impacted on the employees mode of being and acting. As a second hypothesis, we believe that such re-signification can only be understood in the light of a process of significant ideological and institutional changes inherent to the flexible capitalism. We found that, for the new generation of bank workers, the perception originated from a synchronic comparison, where the job appears as an alternative to temporary, unstable or flexible work experiences, seems to shape the perception originated from a diachronic analysis, which evinces the historical losses of bank work. Increasing individualism, bradescalização of relations, creation of castes, hierarchical seduction in a context of limited possibilities of career ascension and basic rate of pay deterioration, and reduction of trade union involvement were elements explored by the analysis, which revealed that, considering what remained and what has changed, the stability issue seems to be the central element in the perception and meaning attributed do work, for both groups of workers. Thus, a process involving disruptions and continuities characterizes the re-signification of public bank employment. The disruptions, insofar as the meaning of work is no longer supported by the combination stability-status-wage and through the attenuation of the sense of belonging to a professional category. The continuities, insofar as the stability associated to employment keeps and increases its importance against the current configuration of the world of work, as well by the return and intensification of a trend already present in the pre-restructuring, represented by the idea of temporariness of bank employment.
Estudo comparativo entre soluções para edifícios de alvenaria estrutural em função do número de paredes estruturais e o tipo de laje
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-17)
Lavandoscki, Fabio Ioveni
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Figueiredo Filho, Jasson Rodrigues de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0732866094426766
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5118230922027356
Structural masonry buildings are being increasingly employed in construction. Well established for low-income buildings and with small insterspace, the system of structural walls has been gaining elbow room on the civil building industry. The great use of this structured system is due to the fact that the building companies, looking for cost reductions has generated great amout of comparative studies among several constructive systems. Recently the structural walls system is being used also in mid and high level buildings which has as main characteristics, bigger flooring number and layout flexibility. However this characteristics can compromise the structured behavior of the buildings and still increase the production costs. This work presents a comparative analysis among 4 floor buildings under this perspective. Three conceptual blueprints are proposed, on which distinct structural solutions, changing the ratio between the amount of structural and sealing walls are considered: with 100%, 90%, 80% and 75% of structural walls. For these situations, different types of slab solutions are considered: one-way joist slab and flat slab. For each solution the amount of materials calculated and the structural behavior is analyzed, aiming to establish parameters that can represent the influence of the number of structural walls over these factors.
Estrutura dos diagramas de fases de um modelo de filmes finos via métodos de Monte Carlo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-17)
Mallio, Daniel de Oliveira
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Emmel, Paulo Daniel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3243982487562261
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0443069473659642
Multilayer systems consisting of magnetic layers of heterostructures can have a variety of magnetic phases - those dependent on factors such as the exchange parameters, the geometry of the material, the temperature T to which it is submitted and the field B applied on it. Let us consider a model of Thin Film in which the various layers that compose it are formed by K Ising plans that have the same coupling constant and which has plans between K / 2 and K / 2 +1 an antiferromagnetic coupling whose interpretation would be physical defects and / or impurities in the material. The system is modeled by the following spin Hamiltonian, where the first two summations represent the interaction of first neighbors in the upper and lower layers and the third represents the interfacial antiferromagnetic coupling and the latter represents the system's interaction with the field B. The calculation of magnetic response of the model allows us to obtain temperatures and their critical fields on phase transitions of the 1st and 2nd orders allowing us to build the phase diagrams of the system. We also obtained the zero field critical exponents related to the magnetic response of the material to verify the Rushbrooke relations. We also made an analysis about the cycles of hysteresis of the material. The Monte Carlo algorithms used are the Entropic Sampling whose main idea is to exploit the principle of maximum entropy, and the usual Importance Sampling algorithm, introduced by Metropolis et al.
Representações sociais de membros de equipes de saúde da família sobre o uso problemático de álcool por idosos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-17)
Saidel, Maria Giovana Borges
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Fontanella, Bruno José Barcellos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0111581000671476
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6616852431417400
The objective of this research was to study the social representations of members of the Family Health Teams over the abuse of alcohol by the elderly. We tried to analyze, understand and interpret the ideas, perceptions and concepts reported by participants that can be mobilized towards this population. The study was to survey the field of health units from the city of Araras (São Paulo, Brazil). In constructing this work, we rely on the participation, as respondents, fifteen members of the Family Health Teams from different backgrounds (nurses, auxiliaries and nursing technicians, community health workers, dentist and doctor). This is a qualitative study, in which methodological approach we used semi-structured interviews, whose contents were analyzed according to pronouncements emerging from the oral testimony, we, therefore, the technique of discourse analysis, included within the scope of the analysis method content. The results were interpreted according to the theory of social representations, grouped in three categories: social representations of aging, alcohol use in general and, finally, the abuse of alcohol by the elderly. The elderly, in general, were portrayed as fragile, with most disease processes, which would be increased with the use of alcohol. This emphasis seems strongly rooted in the biomedical model. The elderly who constitute abuse of alcohol would be a hidden population for the group of respondents, who seem to be considered from the standpoint instrumented semiological and therapeutic for his actions on these patients. These actions end up being, to indicate that statements, based mainly on knowledge of common sense. We identified a positive attitudinal predisposition to attend to the elderly, an element that can also help guide the strategies for continuing professional education relating to elderly care that makes the abuse of alcohol.
Exercício físico progressivo e equilíbrio ácido-base em sangue capilar
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-17)
Brandão, Alexandre Fonseca
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Peitl Filho, Oscar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3007441705652783
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2847941419821206
The analysis of gases and metabolites in arterial and venous blood reflects the condition of homeostasis of the organism and which instantaneous energy demand required, indicating how biological systems behave in front of some physical stress, including the variation of intensity and volume of physical activity performed. Reactions of these compounds maintenance of constant blood pH by neutralization and / or elimination of organic acids derived from the metabolism momentary. It was an objective method, minimally invasive, to evaluate the acid-base resulting from the progressive increase of physical exercise from 100μL of blood capillary. The methodology used was the Balke protocol for cycle ergometer adapted to the operational needs of the equipment Gas Analyzer Radiometer ABL 800. The progressive increase of the load was 50 by 50 Watts until voluntary exhaustion with collecting and analyzing samples of capillary blood. Volunteers are 13 active students (5 women and 8 men) and three amateur athletes UFSCar aged between 20 and 30 years 25 ± 2, and body mass index 24 ± 4. The results are presented in the acid base nomogram Siggaard-Andersen, developed by the pH values between 7.43 ± 0.02 and 7.35 ± 0.04, ABE (Excess Base Real) between 4.16 ± 1 44 and -7.75 ± 3.17 mmol / L, pCO2 between 35.48 ± 2.61 and 37.20 ± 4.67 mmHg and [HCO3-] between 24 and 17 ± 0.6 ± 2.2 mmol / L with analysis of statistical tools ANOVA and Student's t test. The concentration of gases and metabolites present in blood capillary, presents the characteristic behavior expected during graded exercise as the exponential increase of lactate concentration and pH of the linear decay.
A influência da lógica financeira na evolução do seis sigma
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-17)
Fantti, Marina Borges Lima
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Donadone, Julio César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7643906508178259
The ascension of financialization brought implications on the organizations, because they need to deal with the demands of the financial markets and its shareholders. Parallel to this movement, quality management has been gaining ground in organizations, from different approaches and the latest called Six Sigma. Faced with these two themes, the objective of this dissertation is to investigate the influence of the financial logic in the Six Sigma. To achieve the objective was used Lakatos s Program and a quantitative approach. For this, a exploratory study was conducted based on secondary data, from a documentary research. This research consisted of a detailed investigation of how Six Sigma has been addressed in the events promoted by the International Quality & Productivity Center (IQPC), limiting the analysis of events in Brazil and the United States in the period 2003-2010. Data analysis involved the following steps: examining the profile of the speakers, analysis of the subjects covered in the lectures and analysis of the presentations related to the financial logic. The main results of this study, after analysis and interpretation of information of the documental research, proved the existence of the influence of financial logic in the evolution of Six Sigma in organizations. Among the features of the presence financial logic in Six Sigma, we can mention: seeking opportunities for financial gain in the short term, the possibility of a rapid change of investment to another that is eventually mean higher financial gains, focus on transparency and financial procedures consistency of financial statements of the plans, recognition and reward of the specialists linked to the achievement of high financial goals, the implementation of downsizing strategies, among others.
Efeitos da administração crônica de nanopartículas de óxido de ferro magnético em ratos adultos jovens
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-17)
Wang, Charles Chenwei
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Nonaka, Keico Okino
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4551036775738296
The fast development of the nanotechnology, and the use of this technology to develop new products to help in diagnosis diseases, drugs and treatments for many diseases is increasing. Some authors have been warning about the nanoparticles use, because the real affect, toxic or not, still unknown. Iron oxide nanoparticles have been used in contrast liquid for magnetic resonance imaging, cancer treatment, among others. The aim of this work was to analyze the possible effects of chronic treatment with these nanoparticles in adults rats. The animals were distributed in 3 groups: Control (saline 0.9% - 0.1 mL/100 of body weight), nFe 0.3 (magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles 0.3 mg/kg BW) and nFe 0.6 (magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles 0.6 mg/kg BW). The animals were treated by gastric gavage during 8 weeks, 5 days per week. The body weight of the animals from the nFe 0.6 group decreased when compared to animals from the control group, and the BW of the animals from nFe 0.3 group was not different from the control group. The animals from the nFe 0.6 group showed the higher blood levels of cholesterol, although the levels of glucose, urea, creatinine, AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase, plus hematology were not different from the animals of control group. Moreover, the seminal gland and ventral prostate of the animals of nFe 0.6 were atrophied. All those parameters of animals from nFe 0.3 group were not different compared to control group. The bone (femur and vertebra) biometric, biomechanical and biophysical parameters were similar in the animals from the different experimental groups. These results showed that high concentrations of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles could be toxic and dangerous to the rats when take daily, but in low concentration it could be safe.
Determinação experimental da função que modela o escoamento de um líquido
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-17)
Macedo, José Clovis Adão
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Costa, Ivo Machado da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1111331485581633
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0204421002847327
In our nearly 40 years of teaching we have observed that many students have mathematics as a great number of rules and formulas that need to be memorized. They do not see any meaning in what they learn either. Few realize the applications of mathematics although they know that they really exist. In an attempt to teach mathematics in a more significant way we decided to conduct an experiment to find out what mathematical knowledge it "hides". The flow of a liquid was the chosen experiment. Analyzing it from a modeling point of view, we intend to find out if there is a mathematical model which can describe it. The functions were obtained from an analysis of initially discrete data and then making the transition to the continuous. Students had the opportunity to construct and interpret graphs associated with related functions, quadratic and polynomial of degree greater than two using Excel. We work with students of the three high school series in a public school. Each class was divided into groups of three or four members. We used the Didactical Engineering as a research methodology.
Estudo alelopático de espécies da família Myrtaceae do cerrado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-20)
Imatomi, Maristela
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Perez, Sonia Cristina Juliano Gualtieri de Andrade
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9973185407856723
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8057538383851680
The plants release primary and secondary metabolites in the environment that may influence the development of adjacent vegetation, this interference phenomenon is called allelopathy. It is recognized as an important ecological process because it interferes with the structure, distribution, composition and dynamics of plant communities. Studies on allelopathic interactions may be useful in the search for natural phytotoxins are produced by plants or microorganisms to be used as natural herbicides, more specific and less harmful to the environment. According to floristic survey conducted by IBGE, Myrtaceae family is one of the major in the cerrado ecosystem. This study attempted to clarify the following issues: species of Myrtaceae family present in the cerrado (Brazilian savanna) exhibit allelopathic potential? There is a similar allelopathic response within genera? Among the active species, which is most promising for starting a bioprospecting? Some of these species has potential as a herbicide for use in agroforestry or organic production of food? To answer these questions were conducted experiments of seed germination and seedling growth of target species cultivated and weedy, and chemical extraction of active compounds in leaves of Myrcia tomentosa. The leaves of Blepharocalyx salicifolius, Campomanesia pubescens, Eugenia bimarginata, Eugenia klotzschiana, Eugenia myrcianthes, Eugenia punicifolia, Myrcia bella, Myrcia lingua, Myrcia multiflora, Myrcia splendens, Myrcia tomentosa, Psidium australe, Psidium cinereum, Psidium laruotteanum and Psidium rufum were collected , cleaned, crushed and stored in plastic bags until use. In the first stage, were carried out the germination and growth bioassays using aqueous extracts of leaf in a concentration of 10% (w / v). We selected three target species, Lactuca sativa and Solanum lycopersicum, both eudicotyledonous and a monocotyledonous Allium cepa. The extracts were applied to all Myrtaceae species compared with the control (distilled water). In the second phase, bioassays were carried out using aqueous extracts of leaves at concentrations of 5 and 10% (w / v). We selected as target species three weeds Euphorbia heterophylla, Echinochloa crus-galli and Ipomoea grandifolia. The leaf extracts of B. salicifolius, M. multiflora, M. splendens and M. tomentosa were compared to negative control (distilled water) and positive (herbicide Oxyfluorfen). In the third stage were carried out biotests germination, growth, and coleoptile of wheat (Triticum aestivum) to direct chemical extraction of active compounds of M. tomentosa. The extractions were carried out using dried leaves powdered and organic solvents of different polarity, the extracts were fractionated using chromatographic column and purified by HPLC. The isolated and purified compounds were identified in RMN13C and RMN1H, by comparison of spectra. The results showed that aqueous extracts of twelve out of fifteen donor species evaluated showed allelopathic activity and each species showed a distinct behavior regarding the allelopathic activity, no grouping by taxonomic proximity. Evaluating the four species most active on weeds species, was detected the potential and efficiency of the extracts, since these were more toxic to weeds species than the herbicide. The leaf extracts of M. tomentosa stood out for demonstrating high activity even at low concentrations, so was chemical extraction from powdered of leaves of M. tomentosa were isolated two compounds from the ethyl acetate extract: juglanin and avicularin, the difference between ix both is the presence of one hydroxyl attached to carbon 3' in avicularin molecule, this difference has an phytotoxic effect more pronounced in the juglanin. This paper is the first report of the presence of the flavonoids kaempferol (juglanin) and quercetin (avicularin) in species of Myrtaceae of cerrado (Brazilian savanna) and gave foundation for future studies on bioprospecting of the M. tomentosa, which did not find any reports of allelopathic studies, fractionation and identification of chemical compounds.
Biologia de nidificação e estrutura sociogenética de ninhos de Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) albitarse Fabricius 1804 (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae): comportamento de guarda do macho e paternidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010-12-20)
Almeida, Juliano Costa de
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Del Lama, Marco Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7198095288825585
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1102065344473105
Crabronid wasps of the genus Trypoxylon are characterized by being solitary and nest in preexisting cavities or in mud nests. The species Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) albitarse is included in the latter group, because builds its own mud nests. These nests are made by mud tubes with the lower portion open. Each tube is internally formed by a linear series of cells provisioned with captured spiders in which she oviposits an egg. After that, she starts closing the cell with a mud wall and begins to supply the next cell. Males of these wasps have an unusual behavior among the Hymenoptera. They assist the females during the construction and the provisioning of their nests, besides expelling parasites or other males who eventually approach the nest. This peculiarity of the male guard was always associated with his paternity of female offspring of the guarded nest. However, this hypothesis has not been tested until now, doing this the main objective of this work. The nesting behavior of the species Trypoxylon albitarse was monitored. For this, it took the observation of the nesting pairs and their collecting, as the collect of their offspring. The adults caught were frozen at -20°C for the genetic analysis. The offspring was collected after the construction of the cocoon and, after its emergence, it was weighted and frozen at -20°C for the same purpose. The monitoring of nesting allowed gathering data from this species, adding information to this gender, since most of that is gathered with trap nests. It was seen that that species have more nesting activity in cold and dry seasons, the emergence of adults is mainly concentrated in two moments, before and after the winter. Besides that, most of the larvae spend the winter in a quiescence state. A secondary sex ratio 1:1 was observed in two populations, São Carlos and Araras, however the resource allocation was higher for females, since they are 28% larger than males. To the paternity tests of the guard male, it was necessary to develop a genomic library for Trypoxylon albitarse, which allowed the development of eight microsatellite markers. Four of those were polymorphic and good enough to the purpose of these tests. These genetic tools were the first developed for this gender. They, together with the field observations, allowed assigning the female offspring of a nest to the male who guarded it. However, usurpation and extra-pair copulations were also found, contributing for greater understanding of mating system in this species and the understanding of the functional significance of the male guard behavior. The occurrence of diploid males was detected and their origin discussed.