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Estudo de populações de Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S.F. Blake (Leguminosae: Caesalpinoidae) para avaliação do seu potencial invasor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-01)
Silva, Talita Ariela Sampaio e
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Matos, Dalva Maria da Silva
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4728734263109138
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1292408753626328
Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S.F. Blake is a pioneer heliophyte species, with irregular and discontinuous dispersion. It is native and exclusive of Atlantic Rainforest, however, due to its high growth rate and to the shape of its crown, S. parahyba is recommended for forest restoration in areas of Tropical Semideciduous Forest. Currently, it has been questioned the use of this species in forest restoration. Considering that tree species that have 1) phenotypic plasticity and / or tolerance and 2) formation of persistent seed bank, are capable to keep stable populations in different environments, the hypothesis of this research is that S. parahyba can become invasive in Semideciduous Forest fragments. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the morphology and growth form of the species in the Atlantic Rainforest and Semideciduous Forest, as well as ontogenetic and spatial structures present in both physiognomies. This dissertation is divided into four chapters. Firstly, I contextualize and justify this research. Then, I make a brief description of physiognomies studied, as well as a characterization of sampling sites. In Chapter 3, I compare the allometric relationships and architectural models for the different populations. Finally, in Chapter 4, I compare the ontogenetic and spatial structures for the species between different sampling sites in order to detect whether the species is able to establish stable populations in Semideciduous Forest. After evaluation of morphological characters, populations were divided into four ontogenetic stages: a) seedling, b) juvenile c) subadult, and d) adult. The evaluation of the architectural model of S. parahyba showed no difference in the morphology of the crown of individuals between biomes. The allometry analysis showed that there were differences between the growth patterns of S. parahyba between biomes for seedlings and for the pooled data; however, allometric relationships had no difference between adults. The total individuals abundance in Semideciduous Forest was lower than in the Rainforest. We found no single pattern of ontogenetic structure for the studied populations. There were found individuals of intermediate ontogenetic stages in Semideciduous Forest fragments. In all populations, S. parahyba was distributed in aggregates; however, it was also found scattered individuals within the fragment. The results indicate that S. parahyba shows tolerance and plasticity in response to environmental differences, which are important characteristics when assessing the status of an alien species. Finally, from the results obtained, it can be assumed that S. parahyba may become invasive in fragments of Semideciduous Forest.
Ecologia populacional de Euterpe edulis e os efeitos da introdução de Euterpe oleracea na floresta atlântica no Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-01)
Tibério, Fernanda Cristina dos Santos
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Matos, Dalva Maria da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4728734263109138
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0662110481008557
The main objectives of this dissertation were to evaluate the risks of introduction of Euterpe oleracea in the Atlantic Rainforest and its influence over a native population of Euterpe edulis. We investigated the ecological and morphological features of these species also including pre-existing data about hybrids experimentally produced between them (Chapter 1). We did the populations sampling in two areas of Atlantic Rainforest, in southern São Paulo state: Carlos Botelho State Park (CBSP) and Ilha do Cardoso State park (ICSP). At CBSP, we sampled the co-occurring populations of E. edulis and E. oleracea and at ICSP we sampled the control population for E. edulis, which is free from E. oleracea introduction. We evaluated the characteristics of growth in diameter and height of these populations and its ontogenetic stages through the allometric relationships between diameter and height (Chapter 2). We also analyzed population ecology and distribution of these three species (Chapter 3). For the co-occurring populations we evaluated the fruit biometry and observed the frugivorous bird community (Chapter 3). Our results indicated that two Euterpe species may be well represented for the same ontogenetic stages and the three studied populations presented similar allometry. Concerning to population ecology we observed that E. edulis population at CBSP presents total individuals density lower that ICSP population. Both E. edulis populations do not show a significant aggregation. Population of E. oleracea shows a reduced N, high aggregated distribution and is also capable of dispersing itself outside the original range of plantation. We also observed that these species produce morphologically similar fruits but with different sizes, with bigger fruits from E. oleracea and smaller from hybrids. Finally, we detected that E. oleracea shares the same guild of frugivorous birds and may displace dispersers from E. edulis. We concluded that E. oleracea is capable to successfully establish, reproduce and disperse itself and, thus, it is an invasive species in Atlantic Rainforest. Its introduction affects ecological processes linked to pollination, gene fluxes and frugivore and seed dispersion. These changes may be related to genetic mixtures of populations and decreasing of population of E. edulis. Finally, the introduction of E. oleracea may perform one more threat to maintenance of E. edulis populations, which are already threatened by over exploitation.
Argumentação no ensino de Química: textos de divulgação científica desencadeando debates
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-02)
Fatareli, Elton Fabrino
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Queiroz, Salete Linhares
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7925870606416937
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4581078685309440
A large body of science education literature suggests that argumentation plays a central role in science and should therefore maintain the same centrality in science education. However, opportunities for students to engage in argumentation inside the science classroom are rare. In light of the above, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of a teaching strategy based on the debate on controversial socio-scientific issues to promote argumentation. The strategy involved in-class group work and individual efforts outside the classroom. After receiving science popularization texts on depleted uranium (DU), high school students worked on a set of questions designed to guide them through key chemical, environmental, and economic aspects of the text. The process culminated in a debate between pro- and anti-DU groups. To assess the quality of students argumentation, videotapes of group presentations were collected and analyzed using Toulmin s Argument Pattern and the Argumentation Model of Analysis Applicable to Processes of Resolution of Socio-Scientific Issues. The findings of this work support the idea that the debate based on socio-scientific issues is an effective strategy for enhancing students ability to argument.
Cinema e ideologia : a espetacularização e os discursos acerca do policial e do bandido na sociedade moderna
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-02)
Paulo, Sidney de
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Miotello, Valdemir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9131819326282708
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3076572821762312
The fight between cops and robbers is not a recent theme in the history of cinema. In the case of Brazilian cinematography, we can find out in some works, a separation into two areas: police and robbers. However, what is curious to note is the fact that in such films as Carandiru, by Hector Babenco (2002), or O bandido da Luz Vermelha, by Rogério Sganzerla (1968) the villain seems to embody the hero, while it is up to police looks like a villain. Recently, in 2007, Jose Padilla has showed the public the film Tropa de Elite, in which the same signs got new directions, putting police, as bandit and hero, or villain. We realize, then, the multifaceted issues of the sign that is able to reflect and refract various groups and social realities. Porting an ideological character it must be recognized, as did the Russian philosopher Mikhail Bakhtin. However, we also note that sense is neither the producer of film, neither the film nor the audience, but in a relationship product / movie / public. On the other hand, entering just a matter of describing the filmic utterance in order to establish who is the hero or the villain ends up becoming an empty study, since it does not seem to be the crux of the problem. The agenda of Capital in contemporary society no longer has the goods only material goods, it has expanded the concept and sell fear, longing and human dreams. The capitalist process works quite paradoxical, because it creates, at first, the need for something, to then sell this product. Through spectacularization the event, the figures of the police and the Bandit are the new modern goods. Therefore, this paper aims to propose a study of the meanings to these signs, designed in constant motion between the ethical and aesthetic world, according to Bakhtinian thought.
Andando e parando pelos trechos : uma etnografia das trajetórias de rua em São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-03)
Martinez, Mariana Medina
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Cohn, Clarice
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1714080901123094
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9126534946585241
The research at hand accounts for São Carlos street paths. In an attempt to avoid defining them, as it is often the case with public policies and even a large part of academical studies, through denominations that they would not be able to relate to, such as homeless people, I have elected the analytical and methodological resource to deal with the street paths through which these dwellers roam. This choice has allowed me to account for the paths segmentations, compositions and transformations that configure the tactics of preservation of life developed by the people who walk these paths, as well as possible courses wandered by the homeless. Among the differences presented in these paths, I describe the bodily changes that come up with these variations, partially constituting a homeless body that is inscribed with the courses in which these subjects roam. In order to talk about the ways of life in the streets, it is necessary to put into perspective a group of urban agents, discourses and apparatuses that legitimate these lives in the street to the eyes of the State and to public policies. I describe this phenomenon through two aspects that allow me to trace some parameters in order to compare life in the streets to that same life as assisted by the social services concerned with the homeless. The ethnography performed in the streets details the ways of appropriation and usage of public spaces, as well as the motions and fluxes that emerge in this context. On the other hand, I account for political (and institutional) management of this population in the city. The ethnography for these institutional spaces was performed in CREAS (Centro de Referência Especializado de Assistência Social [Referral Center Specialized in Social Service], which is directly concerned with the homeless. I constrast two different perspectives on the same phenomenon, since the tension which is evidently exposed allows us to see not only the street paths but its mechanisms of institutionalization, both the paths developed in the street and in the institutions, and even the institutional interventions to which the homeless are submitted to.
Linha 11 - uma fronteira em movimento: etnografia do uso social cotidiano dos trens da linha 11 da CPTM
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-03)
Picolomini, Pietro Bruno Caetano
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Lanna, Marcos Pazzanese Duarte
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8355559441138016
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5694522601210759
Não tem resumo
Efeitos da fisioterapia nos programas de atenção no processo de envelhecimento sobre qualidade de vida e parâmetros físicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-03)
Castro, Paula Costa
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Oishi, Jorge
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1417328590472858
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3790263464498111
Different programs adapted to the elderly have been proposed in order to assist and promote healthy aging, including physical therapy interventions. The effects of these programs on the participants quality of life and physical parameters are often unknown, and require investigation. This study s purpose was to develop a physical therapy collective intervention and understand how the programs São Carlos Senior University and the Geriatric Revitalizations influence quality of life, strength, flexibility, dynamic balance and physical conditioning of the participants. As a result of this study, four papers were produced. Paper one discusses the physical therapist participation at Senior Universities for physical training in a community-based program. It also describes an intervention group therapy as a part of an interdisciplinary program at São Carlos Senior University. The second paper compares the psychometric properties and correlations of two quality of life instruments, the Medical Outcomes Study 36 Item Short-Form health survey (SF-36) and The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-BREF, in a sample of Brazilian elderly. Both scales showed acceptable reliability, but a poor correlation was observed between the two questionnaires related fields. The WHOQOL-BREF seems to be a better choice for an overall assessment of quality of life and the SF-36 can better discriminate between health-related known groups. The third paper presents the influence on quality of life of middle-aged and elderly post 10-month intervention at São Carlos Senior University and Geriatric Revitalization Program. UATI Group showed significant increase in quality of life level according to the overall WHOQOL bref score; REVT Group showed significant increase in health related domains. Both groups showed improvement when compared to the Control Group. The forth paper presents a 6-month, 1, 2 and three-year follow-up of Senior University and Geriatric Revitalization in the physical variables of the participants. REVT Group showed better results than UATI Group. Both intervention-groups showed better results than Control Group. These community-based programs contributed to strength, flexibility, dynamic balance and physical conditioning improvement or maintenance. Despite the differences, both programs improved quality of life and physical parameters in the participants. Senior University and Geriatric Revitalization can be considered valid choices as assistance programs in the aging process.
Transição agroecológica: estudo de caso da associação das mulheres - AMA Vergel
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-03)
Mahmoud, Aida Gamal Eldin
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Ferraz, José Maria Gusman
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3851804858390996
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8022359379919573
The agriculture modernization and industrial growth coupled with the implementation of public policies has led to a major exodus from the country, notably between the 60 s and 80 s when around 13 million people have fled the field and headed towards the urban centers. This equates to 33% of rural population in the early 60's. The rural settlements emerge as an opportunity to return to work the land, and in addition to that, the application of agroecological principles emerges as a great option to conventional agriculture. The objective of this research was to analyze the association of agroecology women of Vergel (AMA Vergel) during a process of agroecological transition, rescuing the life history of the group members and the history of the group emergence as well. The possibilities and limitations that exist within the group were analyzed from the perspective of solidary economy. We studied the ownership and involvement of research actors on learning concepts in agroecology. There was a strengthening of group work which enhances the autonomy and recognition of that, and moreover, the self-esteem of female members of the group is higher, despite facing opposition inside and outside the family. The performance of various institutions working with the group resulted in a large accumulation of information, but as they are not attuned to each other and had different temporal perspective from the group, they did not achieve the expected success. In recent years the group has expanded their contacts with other agroecology realities. An example of good association of agroecological knowledge, related to agricultural practices and life in society, could be seen on small farm Nova Vida . Women who join to work in group look for strength to face the adversities and an opportunity to improve the quality of their lives and of their families.
Aproveitamento da informação tecnológica em pesquisas acadêmicas: análise de citações de patentes em teses e dissertações da área de engenharia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-04)
Camargo, Juliana Ravaschio Franco de
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Quoniam, Luc
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4754764003480925
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1849784689634722
It is believed that patents are not fully explored as documents that supply technological information, among companies, and by research institutions, universities, etc. In this context, this descriptive, quantitative and documental research aimed to check if the engineering students of the University of Campinas, Brazil (UNICAMP) use patents as information sources in their academic researches. Five faculties were considered for this study: Chemical Engineering Faculty (FEQ), Mechanical Engineering Faculty (FEM), Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing (FEEC), Agricultural Engineering Faculty (FEAGRI) and Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture (FEC). Thus, the sample comprises 3045 dissertations and doctoral theses of the mentioned faculties, from 2000 to 2007. The data were collected through patents cited and referenced in academic papers, and to facilitate this process there was an attempt to automation using Adobe Acrobat Professional. It was concluded that patents are not widely used as sources of information in dissertations and doctoral theses by the Unicamp s students of engineering. In most of the items analyzed patents do not represent even 5% of the documents quoted. Moreover, it was not possible to realize a growth of quotations of this kind of document over the years, but only oscillations from one year to another. Regarding the use of patents by the five faculties studied, it was found that FEQ stood out compared with the others in this matter, with 3.15% works that have used patents in their citations. Following results are: FEM with 1.61%, FEEC with 1.25%, FEAGRI with 0.20%, and finally FEC with 0.16% citations. Although students of a particular faculty have cited more patents than others, it is evident that they do not make the most of this kind of document as information source. Also, it was not observed important differences in the use of patents from one faculty to another. Finally, it was found that the Engineering faculty, which produces and deposits more patents at the University is not the one that uses it at most as a source of information.
Sustentabilidade de uma propriedade rural de base ecológica: um estudo de caso no Sítio Oliveira em Rio Claro/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-04)
Sasaki, Diana Leb
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Valarini, Pedro José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9101386053957180
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6252725868653399
Most of the territorial space of a city is used for agricultural purposes like crops, livestock or forest and a considerable amount of ecological problems are related to such activities, which, as productive processes, are closely linked to the dynamics of ecosystems and certain social relationships of production. In agriculture, sustainability is a guiding element in the search for a new ethic in the relationship between man and nature. A major challenge for farmers and researchers is to know when an agroecosystems is healthy, how healthy is a system after conversion into an agroecological management and, more importantly, how to achieve a sustainable agroecosystem. Thus, studies that examine the sustainability of farms with ecological production systems, from the perspective of agroecology, through methodologies such as Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and Indicators of sustainability, are extremely important to verify the operation of these systems, their influence on the improvement of environmental resources and the dissemination and encouragement of more sustainable practices in food production and other products. In this study were used six tools of PRA: Semi-structured interview, Maps of the farm, Venn s Diagram, Agricultural Calendar with focus on gender, Commercial Flowchart and Problem Tree, which served as input for obtaining information with a high degree of relevance in the development of forty-four indicators of different dimensions of sustainability (environmental, socio-cultural and economic), which were grouped into four broad themes (Quality and use of land and water, Land use and conservation, Quality of life and Economic vulnerability). The Radar Chart made possible to plot the state of the elements of the ecosystem, promoting an integrated and systemic evaluation. There were an intense exchange of information and experiences in which the views of researchers and farmers complemented themselves and generated responses more suited to the local reality.
Complexos de Ru (II) com ligantes de interesse biológico: síntese, caracterização e citotoxicidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-04)
Fleitas, Melina Andrea Mondelli
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Batista, Alzir Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469642481998660
Three new Ru(II) complexes where were synthesized and characterized. The formulas were [RuCl(dmpm)2NO], [Ru(dmpm)2(dppb)] and [Ru(pic)2(dppb)], where dmpm = 4,6-dimethyl-2-mercaptopyrimidine, dppb = 1,4- bis(diphenylphosphine)butane e pic = picolinate ion. The characterization data are in agreement with the proposed formulation and also crystals were obtained and solved by X-ray diffraction. The resolution of the crystal structures confirmed the proposed structures, and demonstrated that they present distorted octahedral configuration. For [RuCl(dmpm)2NO], 1H RMN showed two singlets, at 7,3 and 6,7 ppm assigned to the hydrogen of the aromatic ring, and two singlets at 2,5 and 2,3 ppm assigned to aliphatic hydrogen. This differences could be explained by evaluating how the intermolecular hydrogen bonds are affecting the aliphatic hydrogen atoms present in the molecule and in the nearest neiborhood this differences could be explained evaluating the hydrogen bonds between neighbouring molecules. The infrared spectrum showed very intense band in 1857 cm-1 assigned to NO+ group. The cyclic voltammogram of this compound showed processes assigned to the nytrosil group, and electrolysis was performed to promote the NO release from the compound, which was confirmed by the disappearance of the NO+ band in the infrared spectrum of the complex. The complexes [Ru(dmpm)2(dppb)] and [Ru(pic)2(dppb)] showed singlets in 31P{1H} RMN at 47,5 and 46,2 ppm, respectively, and the cyclic voltammetry showed one process attributed to Ru III/ Ru II. The citotoxicity was evaluated for these three complexes (cells HeLa, MDA-MB231, V79 and U251 cells), obtaining promising values for [Ru(pic)2(dppb)] and [RuCl(dmpm)2NO] when compared with cisplatin (reference drug). Although, for [Ru(dmpm)2(dppb)], the value of IC50 wasn t as good as was found for the previous ones.
Construção e aplicação analítica de espectrômetro de emissão atômica com atomização eletrotérmica em filamento de tungstênio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-04)
Gonzalez, Mário Henrique
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Nóbrega, Joaquim de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8833989058164529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4080483059878501
This thesis has two lines of development based on measurements of atomic emission using a tungsten coil electrothermal atomizer. The first line dealt with the construction of a tungsten coil atomic emission spectrometer (WCAES) with a portable monochromator connected to an array of charge-coupled devices as the detection system. Afterwards, the measurement of atomic emission by clouds generated by electrothermal atomization/excitation in a tungsten coil was evaluated. Instrumental conditions for measurements of transient emission signals, such as the position of the coil related to the entrance slit of the monochromator, the transfer of emitted radiation by the decay of excited atoms, and the sensitivity of array detectors, were critically evaluated. After establishing the instrumental conditions, the measurements of transient emission signals for Co and Mn were studied and applied for the determination of these metals. In this step, the occurrence of interferences due to the non-isothermal character of the open atomizer was systematically evaluated. The limits of detection (LOD) were approximately 0.33 to 0.48 mg/L for different cobalt emission lines and relative standard deviations (RSD) typically varied from 4.3 to 6.5 %. Spectral interferences were observed in the presence of Ni. For Mn, the performance parameters were LOD 0.54 to 0.65 mg/L and RSD 5.9 to 6.5 %. Using a strategy based on the summation of signals, LOD was 0.17 mg/L and RSD 1.7 %. Spectral interferences were observed in the presence of Al, Ca and Na. The developed methods were applied for accurate determination of Co and Mn in medicines and industrial alloy samples. Accuracy was determined with two certified reference materials: San Joaquim soil (NIST 2709) and industrial sludge (NIST 2782). Results obtained by WCAES were in agreement with ICP OES at a 95 % confidence level. The WCAES is simple and low cost equipment for performing analysis based on emission measurements, but requires the development of tailored analytical procedures for controlling matrix interferences.
Ensino e aprendizagem significativa do conceito de ligação química por meio de mapas conceituais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-04)
Trindade, José Odair da
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Hartwing, Dácio Rodney
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0463797377184284
As a consequence of student difficulties related to concepts of greater abstraction of Chemistry, the concept of Meaningful Learning according to the theory of Ausubel was used in this work. From it, the twodimensional diagrams Conceptual Maps intend to represent the relationships among concepts, through propositions, in a particular topic. They can be used as teaching, assessment, and study strategies among others. In order to minimize the mentioned difficulties, we organized a short course relating to Chemical Bonds that were applied in a class of high school first year in the State of Minas Gerais. In classes, students came into contact with diversified educational strategies: computer-related activities (virtual reality-3D, animation, video), modeling (plastic models, balloons) and instructional material (book) organized from the theory of Ausubel. As a way of learning assessment, we used the preparation of conceptual maps. Upon completion, students answered a Questionnaire evaluating the teaching methodology. The major difficulties were related to the absence of examples in the maps and the correct construction of propositions, supported by appropriated linking words. With this study, we found that the strategy of Conceptual Maps is a valuable resource to probe in depth the limitations and potential for students learning, even in very arid field, dominated by a lack of motivation for learning meaningful and the absence of material resources. On the other hand, there was a wide acceptance by students of information technology and models, but lower for the preparation of maps. It is possible that this resistance is a consequence of the good results in previous approaches to learning by memorization, because students become unsafe for the strategies for change in Meaningful Learning, when considering a challenge to take responsibility to build their own meanings, though rewarding for some apprentices.
Empreendimentos econômicos solidários de catadores: cadeias produtivas de resíduos, processos tecnológicos e parcerias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-04)
Pepinelli, Rafaela Francisconi Gutierrez
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Zanin, Maria
The solidarity economic enterprises of waste pickers are being created in several Brazilian municipalities as an alternative to humanization and formalization of the picker works at the waste collection systems, in which perform activities of collecting, sorting, processing and commercialization of solid waste. This study aims to identify the stage of development of solidarity economic enterprises of waste pickers in the productive chain of recycling and assess the extent of how support and encourage entities interfere with their progress. For this, we performed a multiple case study with five solidarity economic enterprises of waste pickers and a general characterization of the developments of waste pickers of the State of São Paulo from the survey of the database of the National Information System on Economy Solidarity. The enterprises studied had differential access to infrastructure and technology due to partnerships, especially with municipal governments. It was noted that for the enterprises moving forward on the productive chain does not necessarily have to own the technology to beneficiate the waste beyond the waste sorting and pressing of solid waste. The access to knowledge of the waste market, the ability to negotiate the cooperative's products, the expertise in sorting waste, the direct selling industry without the figure of the middleman, the amount of waste traded and access to technologies for collecting, sorting, pressing and marketing are factors that determine the progress of the solidarity economic enterprises in the production chain of recycling waste. We also observed that waste pickers relate themselves differently with the technology, seeking to adapt it to their own realities and everyday needs.
Caracterização da força e resistência muscular inspiratória de pacientes pós-infarto do miocárdio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-04)
Neves, Laura Maria Tomazi
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Catai, Aparecida Maria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5801652590531684
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4235603520707156
The dissertation consisted of two works. The aim of the first study was to evaluate respiratory muscle endurance (RME) in post myocardial infarction (MI) patients without respiratory muscle weakness [maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP)≥60% of predicted] and its correlation with exercise tolerance. Participated in this study ten recent post-MI (<1.5 month post-MI [RIG]), nine late post-MI (>6 months post-MI [LIG]) and twelve healthy (control group [CG]) middle-aged men. They underwent spirometric evaluation, cardiopulmonary exercise test and two RME protocols (incremental [IP] and constant pressure [CP]). There were differences (p0.05) in endurance pressure (PTHMAX) between the RIG and CG. There was a positive correlation for RIG between PTHMAX and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) (r=0.67) and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) (r=0.59). We conclude that RME seems to be reduced and related to peak exercise tolerance in recent MI patients without inspiratory muscle weakness. Similarly, in the second study, with nine subjects in RIG, ten in LIG and ten in CG, the aim was to characterize the metabolic and ventilatory behavior during testing of RME with IP and CP. In 70 and 80% of MIP (IL) and in the middle and final of CP test, the RIG had lower MET and higher VE/VCO2 compared CG. At 90% of MIP (IL), the RIG had lower VO2 and MET compared to CG. Moreover, RIG achieved lower pressure and product pressure-time using a similar percentage of VO2peak and oxygen consumption at anaerobic threshold (VO2AT) to sustain a 20% lower pressure than the CG. We conclude that the reduced capacity of RME in recent MI patients without inspiratory muscle weakness seems to occur due to lower ventilatory efficiency in the second part of the protocols, even in the presence of lower pressure overload.
De camponesas a operárias: experiências do transitar feminino
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-04)
Bueno, Juliana Dourado
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Silva, Maria Aparecida de Moraes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6792025643983370
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9670686595047765
Influência de borda sobre vegetação e microclima no cerrado paulista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-04)
Dodonov, Pavel
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Matos, Dalva Maria da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4728734263109138
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9008153877455949
There is much variation in patterns of edge influence (EI) within a region due to factors such as vegetation structure, adjacent land use, orientation and edge contrast, and assessment of this variation is important for conservational planning. We studied EI on aspects of microclimate and vegetation in seven cerrado fragments in South-Eastern Brazil, sampling both savanna and forest vegetation. We located transects perpendicular to 14 cerrado edges adjacent to pastures, highways, sugarcane, silviculture, urban area, and forest roads. When significant, distance of EI varied from 15 to 80 m for temperature, 2 to 50 m for air moisture, 2 to 20 m for maximum vegetation height, 2 m for wind speed, 0 to 100 m for canopy cover, 0 to 20 m for exotic grass biomass, and 0 to 10 m for native grass biomass. The largest EI was observed in areas adjacent to pastures, but factors such as orientation, vegetations structure and land use were not sufficient to explain the observed variability. For conservation purposes, we recommend that buffers should be created between cerrado and the adjacent land use, especially in fragments adjacent to pastures and higways, in order to reduce EI.
Dinâmica do banco de sementes de áreas de cerrado com distintos históricos de incêndio em São Carlos, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-04)
Xavier, Rafael de Oliveira
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Matos, Dalva Maria da Silva
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4728734263109138
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431645383441703
In heterogeneous communities both in time and space, the most important strategies and processes are successfully evaluated by long-term studies. For studies of the effects of disturbance in the seed bank function and formation, are necessary many samplings, sites and measures of biotic and abiotic variables. In this study, we aimed identify fire effects on the seed bank structure in different areas of cerrado sensu stricto in terms of structure and history of disturbance, in the campus of the Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, São Carlos. One of these areas was burnt in 2006 , while the other burnt in 2009. Both in dry and wet season, we sampled the seed bank, since fire occurrence until the dry season of 2010. In 2007 and 2008 we collected soil samples only from first 4 cm depth, while in 2009 and 2010 we included the litter layer and from 5-8 cm depth. We estimated the number of viable seeds by the germination method, and used univariated and multivariated analysis of variance in PERMANOVA to perform the analysis of main effects of fire, year, season and depth, and all interactions. The seed bank was more abundant and diverse in the more preserved sites, and the most frequent species were Miconia albicans, Tibouchina stenocarpa e Panicum campestre. Otherwise, the seed bank of invaded sites was dominated by Melinis minutiflora and Urochloa decumbens. Fire effects decreased seed abundance in the soil. The abundance of U. decumbens e P. campestre increased soon after the fire in burnt sites, while M. albicans responses were slow but continuous. Although the seed banks of M. albicans e P. campestre were persistent through the soil profile, the soil seed bank of all sampled sites are small and poor to promote natural regeneration of the vegetation. As the impacts on this fragment, probably non-natural fires, are expected to continue, exotic grasses will expand toward more preserved. In this case, this fragment of cerrado sensu stricto 4 would be converted in grasslands dominated by the exotic M. minutiflora and U. decumbens.
Avaliação da atividade catalítica de óxidos cerâmicos na conversão de óleos vegetais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-04)
Libanori, Gabriela Santilli do Nascimento
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Oliveira, Cauê Ribeiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5321313558714462
Organic pollutants are one of the major problems related to water and environmental pollution. Nowadays, vegetable oils represent a considerable source for water contamination. The search for new strategies to provide an appropriate treatment to organic effluents must be considered as a priority in the water decontamination, since it is predicted that the world is about to face scarcity of water resources. Along these lines, this work presents a detailed investigation on the photocatalytic activity of nanoparticles of semiconductor oxides on the conversion of vegetable oils. Firstly, studies concerning the photocalyitic activity of TiO2 have been performed, since it is the most used semiconductor oxide used on photodegradation processes. However, our experiments have shown that TiO2 nanoparticles are not an appropriate photocatalyst to the conversion of refined corn oil using ultraviolet radiation (200-280nm). Alternatively, additional investigations on the use of the transesterification reaction as a potential route for the conversion of vegetable oils were carried out. For this study, acid and basic semiconductor oxides, such as SnO2, TiO2, ZnO, CaTiO3 and CaO, have been synthesized through the polimeric precursor route and their photocatalytic activity were compared to commercially avaliable oxides. The conversion of corn oil was then assessed by means of 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR). The results revealed that basic oxides, such as CaO and ZnO are the most efficient in the photodegradation process. Since CaO was just detailed studied regarding its activity in transesterification, a detailed study about ZnO in this process was done. In order to verify the influence of the synthesis method on the photocatalytic activity, a detailed study was performed by comparing ZnO obtained by different chemical routes, namely solvothermal, hydrothermal microwave and polymeric precursor methods, to the commercially available ZnO, supplied by Synth. The results showed that the synthesis method does not play a significant role on the ZnO photocatalytic activity. However, it has been demonstrated that the photodegradation process can generate both short- and long-chain esters, depending on the concentration of hydroxil groups on the oxide surface.
Estudo das propriedades fotoluminescentes de pós e filmes finos de MgTiO3 obtidos pelo método dos precursores poliméricos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-07)
Ferri, Elídia Aparecida Vetter
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Longo, Elson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5272341911788626
In this study, MgTiO3 (MTO) powders and thin films that crystallize in a perovskite ilmenite crystalline structure were obtained and characterized. MTO were synthesized by the polymeric precursor method (PPM), which allows obtaining structurally ordered and disordered structures. In addiction, the photoluminescent properties were investigated as a function of the heat treatment temperature. MTO powders were heat treated at several temperatures ranging from 400 to 1300 °C for 2 h and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Micro Raman (MR) spectroscopy, termogravimetric and termodifferential analysis (TA), X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). These techniques allowed observing the evolution of the phases, morphology as well as the structural order and disorder of the MTO samples. XRD and TA results indicated that the MTO ordered and pure phase was obtained at 600 °C. The photoluminescent property of structurally ordered and disordered MTO powders were studied at room temperature, using the excitation wavelength of 350.7 nm. Structurally disordered MTO present broad PL band of emission, while ordered MTO present a photoluminescent emission in red and infrared region of the spectra due to the tilt between complex clusters. XANES spectra showed in the disordered powders the coexistence of sixfold and fivefold titanium coordination. A correlation between the coexistence of these two types of coordination for the titanium atoms and PL was proposed. MTO thin films were obtained by spin coating of the polymeric solution on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates using a rotation speed of 7000 rpm, for 30 s and heat treated at temperatures ranging from 400 to 700 °C. MTO thin films properties were investigated by XRD, UV-vis, MR, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and PL measurements. It was verified that MTO thin films began to crystallize at 550 °C, characterized by the presence of (110) diffraction peak of the MTO structure. The analysis of experimental techniques was possible to correlated PL properties with order-disorder at short and long range and the MTO thin films morphology.