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Autogestão e tecnologia em cooperativa de catadores/as de resíduo: uma análise intersubjetiva sob a óptica do campo ciência, tecnologia e sociedade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-07) Franceschini, Guilherme; Machado, Maria Lúcia Teixeira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5703683100332513; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7065590687454402
The current society presents sharp inequalities, based on competition and individualistic values. Aiming to break up with such values which result in unemployment, poor working conditions and social exclusion, the solidarity economy brings elements such as solidarity, cooperation, self-management. Given this reality, we highlighted a class of informal workers, called waste pickers , responsible for collecting about 90% of the waste directed to recycling plants in Brazil. Besides having a role in the economy, the waste pickers have specific knowledge and skills necessary to identify, collect, sort, add value and sell that waste. This case study, focused on the Coopervida, a waste pickers cooperative of São Carlos-SP, adopted a qualitative approach and intended to identify according to the view of the waste pickers, what elements are transformers and what are obstacles for the autonomy in the work of the Cooperative, with a focus on self-management, the development of social technologies and on the process of socio-technical adequacy. According with the referenced theory in science and technology, the critical communicative methodology was used, with the realization of communicative groups as a technique for collecting primary data. The interaction between the researcher and the research subjects (one male and two female members of the cooperative) happened through the establishment of an intersubjective dialogue in which they participated from the point of defining the research question to the data analysis. As one of the results achieved we identified as the main transforming element, the recognition by the workers of the importance of cooperation, solidarity, participation in the activities of formation and adding value to waste to the self-management practices and the advance towards the Cooperative autonomy. The workers development of social technologies and the socio-technical adequacy process was also found to be an important transforming element for the autonomy in the work of Coopervida. In contrast, the lack of cooperation of some workers, the sometimes truncated communication between them, along with the difficulty in breaking up with the division of manual and intellectual work, expressed in the dichotomy between production and management, are the main obstacles to the Cooperative autonomy, since such actions are not directed towards the values of self-management that the venture is proposing to accomplish. We related the themes investigated with Science, Technology and Society field, through the participation of the research subjects in the production of knowledge and in the adequation of technologies with the objective of overcoming social inequality and in favor of the historically marginalized classes.
Caracterização da arborização viária e sua influência no microclima urbano na escala do pedestre
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-07) Giacomeli, Daniele Cristina; Sales, Almir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7377787166073311; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1905388664016081
The absence of appropriate conditions for the movement of pedestrians on sidewalks is degrading our human relationships of urban life and therefore the quality of life. There are several factors that determined the current situation of urban public walk among them are the actions without appropriate guidelines for implementation of these, the presence of random equipment, the network of electricity supply, the underground networks and also the deployment of nonspecific and irregular vegetation along the sidewalk. In this context, degradation of public space and the search for the recovery of several research areas that have been developed. Among the topics covered are: inventory methodologies, projects to bring the public footpath to the population needs, planning of urban trees and their various relationships, among others. This study aimed to examine, at a fraction of urban public spaces of the relations of way (sidewalk), are determined by a length of permanence, through microclimatic, tree inventory of the area and questioning passers-by, in order to understand the influence of urban trees on the microclimate on the scale of the pedestrian.
Ecologia de bandos mistos de aves na Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-07) Reis, Matheus Gonçalves dos; Dias Filho, Manoel Martins; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1346547036069954; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2925754537368211
The degradation of natural grassland and open area remnants is still intense and affect environmental integrity of these ecosystems. The mixed-flocks of birds are a common feature in open environments which provide advantages to members. We aimed to analyze mixed-flocks of birds in three open physiognomies of cerrado to verify differences among sampled areas and periods. We believe that mixed-flock structure changes according to the physiognomy and between the seasons. We followed and record 337 mixed-flocks formed by 45 bird species between July 2008 and December 2010, in Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, São Paulo state. The flocks of campo limpo (grassland vegetation) had a lower participation of species than flocks from other areas, and structure did not varied significantly between breeding (summer) and non-breeding (winter) period. Two species formed flocks only in campo limpo . The campo sujo (grassland with scattered shrubs), considered an intermediate environment in our study, had no exclusive species. The seasonal variation in flock structure was significant. The campo cerrado (shrubby-grassland with many scattered trees) indicates the same differentiation between seasons. We found similarities between the breeding period of campo sujo and campo cerrado . Twelve species were present only in flocks of campo cerrado with low occurrence frequencies; all of them are birds of more wooded or forested environments. We categorized species according to their function played in mixed-flocks: True Leaders, Leaders/Followers, True Followers, Occasional Followers, Migrants. Five species played a role as True Leaders, and nine species can be considered as nuclear species of mixed-flocks. Saltator atricollis, Neothraupis fasciata and Cypsnagra hirundinacea were the most 29 common True Leaders. The formation of mixed-flocks, a phenomenon which benefits its members, were recorded in open areas of savanna throughout the year, but were especially important for birds during the period of resources scarcity. Nine flocking species, 20% of all species observed in this study, are threatened in São Paulo state and have high ecological relevance.
Estudo das propriedades fotoluminescentes de pós e filmes finos de MgTiO3 obtidos pelo método dos precursores poliméricos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-07) Ferri, Elídia Aparecida Vetter; Longo, Elson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5272341911788626
In this study, MgTiO3 (MTO) powders and thin films that crystallize in a perovskite ilmenite crystalline structure were obtained and characterized. MTO were synthesized by the polymeric precursor method (PPM), which allows obtaining structurally ordered and disordered structures. In addiction, the photoluminescent properties were investigated as a function of the heat treatment temperature. MTO powders were heat treated at several temperatures ranging from 400 to 1300 °C for 2 h and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Micro Raman (MR) spectroscopy, termogravimetric and termodifferential analysis (TA), X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). These techniques allowed observing the evolution of the phases, morphology as well as the structural order and disorder of the MTO samples. XRD and TA results indicated that the MTO ordered and pure phase was obtained at 600 °C. The photoluminescent property of structurally ordered and disordered MTO powders were studied at room temperature, using the excitation wavelength of 350.7 nm. Structurally disordered MTO present broad PL band of emission, while ordered MTO present a photoluminescent emission in red and infrared region of the spectra due to the tilt between complex clusters. XANES spectra showed in the disordered powders the coexistence of sixfold and fivefold titanium coordination. A correlation between the coexistence of these two types of coordination for the titanium atoms and PL was proposed. MTO thin films were obtained by spin coating of the polymeric solution on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates using a rotation speed of 7000 rpm, for 30 s and heat treated at temperatures ranging from 400 to 700 °C. MTO thin films properties were investigated by XRD, UV-vis, MR, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and PL measurements. It was verified that MTO thin films began to crystallize at 550 °C, characterized by the presence of (110) diffraction peak of the MTO structure. The analysis of experimental techniques was possible to correlated PL properties with order-disorder at short and long range and the MTO thin films morphology.