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Um modelo de otimização para as operações de produção de vapor em caldeiras industriais: um estudo de caso na indústria de alimentos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-11) Rocco, Cleber Damião; Morabito Neto, Reinaldo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2127180000258691
The aim of this work was to develop and apply a mathematical optimization model to support some key decisions in the steam production operation system with multiple industrial boilers. In the food industry, key decisions into this system are, normally, taken based on people experience, not through decision support tools based on operations research. The proposed model approaches the fuel replenishment decisions, fuel transportation and fuel inventory management. The model also determines the start-up and shutdown moments for each boiler, as well as, which of them will produce steam. An algebraic modeling language was used to implement computationally the model, which was solved by an optimization software. The adjustments and model validation were performed through a case study carried out in a large scale food industry localized in Goiania (GO). In computational experiments conducted with company s data, the results obtained by the model showed better economic performance than those from the company. In face of the good outcomes obtained by applying the model and the lack of protocols or decision tools for the studied system, this model presents itself as a feasible alternative to be considered to support some key-decisions in the steam production system with industrial boilers.
Variação espacial e temporal da diversidade e biomassa da comunidade zooplanctônica do reservatório da UHE de Furnas-MG, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-11) Silva, Lidiane Cristina da; Rocha, Odete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0980251001185976
The UHE Furnas Reservir is located in the state of Minas Gerais and it was built for hydroelectricity generation in 1963, although it is present used for multiple purposes. The zooplankton communities of freshwaters are composed by a variety of species belonging to several taxonomic (Cladocera, Copepoda, Rotifera, Protozoa, larvas de Insecta, Ostracoda, Turbellaria), and are all ecologically important. Many species can be indicators being highly sensitive of environmental conditions The aim of the present work was to analyse the spatial and temporal changes in the species composition, diversity and biomass of zooplankton community as well as their interactions with other environmental variables at the UHE Furnas Reservoir. Samplings were carried out each three months in 36 points in the reservoir, including the two major compartments: Sapucai and Grande dammed portions. Measurements of the main physical and chemical variables were carried out in situ and in the laboratory measurements of nutrients, suspended matter and chlorophyll a concentrations were performed. Zooplankton community was sampled by vertical net hauls with plankton net of 68 μm mesh size. Samples were analyzed regarding the species composition, numerical densities and community biomass. The results obtained indicated the water of the UHE Furnas Reservoir has oligotrophic conditions except in a locality upstream, in River Marimbondo compartment and others located distantly from the dam. The reservoir is thermally and chemically stratified regarding temperature and dissolved oxygen. There are also spatial changes and the reservoir can be divided in three major compartments: Sapucaí River compartment; central portion close to the dam and the northern River Grande compartment. Temporal fluctuations occurred for most variables, with strong differences among the dry and rainy periods. The species richness was high and some species were spatially segregated. Copepoda was the most abundant zooplankton group, both in numbers and biomass. The highest densities and biomass were found in the central portion of the reservoir during the rainy period. In general, the highest concentrations of chlorophyll, zooplankton density and biomass occurred in the Sapucaí River compartment, indicating its higher trophic condition as compared to the more oligotrophic River Grande compartment. Zooplankton biomass as a whole is low compared to other reservoirs, as expected for an oligotrophic system.
Capacidade para o trabalho, sintomas osteomusculares e qualidade de vida entre operadores de máquinas agrícolas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-11) Milani, Daniela; Monteiro, Maria Silvia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0451711594111248; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1964869943124053
Introduction: Studies about work ability are relevant specially due to the population aging and the workforce aging in order to avoid early retirement. Those subjects whose employment has physical demands present more frequently injuries than others. The musculoskeletal disorders are the most common disorders among these injuries. These disorders have been important cause for work ability decrease among workers and may have negative impact in their quality of life. The agricultural sector activities include tasks with important physical demands. These tasks may have a negative impact in the workers health. However in Brazil, health-related aspects of these workers are unusual. Objectives: To evaluate the work ability and its association with musculoskeletal symptoms and quality of life aspects in agricultural machinery operators. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out in an industry of the sugarcane sector in Brazil. The subjects (n=204) were agricultural machinery operator. They answered a questionnaire on demographics, work, lifestyle characteristics, Work Ability Index (WAI), The Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the Nordic Musculoskeletal Symptoms questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the workers was 32.3 years. The men comprised 99% of the study population and the average duration of work at the institution was 5.4 years. Physical activity was reported by 45.1%. Considering at least one body part, the musculoskeletal symptoms presence over the past 12 months was reported by 47.1% of the workers and the upper back symptoms were most frequents. The SF-36 dimensions presented scores above 79.3 points and a mean WAI score was 45.2 points. The statistical analysis showed that the work ability was associated with age, education and musculoskeletal symptoms. The wrists and hands symptoms were significantly associated with work ability. Those SF-36 dimensions that had most significant with work ability were role physical and bodily pain. Conclusion: Although in this study the workers had been young, important portion have already presented musculoskeletal symptoms and presented signs of work ability reduction. Furthermore, in this study, the musculoskeletal symptoms were significantly associated with WAI reduction and due to this; it is recommended that measures about promotion and improvement of the work ability and quality of life are deployed to base in musculoskeletal disorders prevention.
Efeito da fragmentação sobre a estrutura de populações de Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze (Araucariaceae) no sul do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-11) Müller, Adelcio; Matos, Dalva Maria da Silva; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4728734263109138; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5926860105977898
Fragmentation of habitat is the transformation of a continuous natural landscape into habitat patches or fragments, and may result from human settlements, agriculture, resource extraction and/or logging. Besides the influences of habitat loss, populations that remain in these fragments experience conditions similar to those of the surrounding matrix: the process known as "edge influence", one of the determinants which is the type of matrix surrounding the fragment. In the Southern region of Brazil is found the Mixed Ombrophylous Forest, also known as Araucaria Forest, and the species Araucaria angustifolia remains threatened by the use of its wood for domestic and commercial settings, as well conversion of its natural habitat into agropastoral activities and plantations of exotic species. The size distribution of the population carries a wealth of demographic information and often is the most unequivocal attribute available and accessible to a population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to obtain information on the population ecology of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.)O. Kuntze (Araucariaceae) on edges facing urban matrix, pasture matrix and agricultural matrix. In each of the five fragments were established 50 plots of 10m x 20m parallel to edge, with 25 deployed immediately at the edge and 25 at a distance of 120 meters from the edge. Within these plots, all individuals of Araucaria angustifolia were evaluated. There was no effect of edge on the structure of populations of Araucaria angustifolia evaluated for most variables, however; however, when we evaluated together matrix and shape of the fragments, we found a direct relationship with the density of individuals. The hypothesis that the population structure of Araucaria differs between the edge and inside regardless of shape, size or type of matrix has not been comproved, possibly because of the large variation in the population parameter between the fragments, independently of shape and matrix. But when these two characteristics were assessed together, they were significantly correlated with the total density of each fragment and its edge and interior.
Modelo logístico generalizado dependente do tempo com fragilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-11) Milani, Eder Angelo; Tomazella, Vera Lucia Damasceno; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8870556978317000; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1420630122459706
Several authors have preferred to model survival data in the presence of covariates through the hazard function, a fact related to its interpretation. The hazard function describes as the instantaneous average of failure changes over time. In this context, one of the most used models is the Cox s model (1972), in which the basic supposition for its use is that the ratio of the failure rates, of any two individuals, are proportional. However, experiments show that there are survival data which can not be accommodated by the Cox s model. This fact has been determinant in the developing of several types of non-proporcional hazard models. Among them we mention the accelerated failure model (Prentice, 1978), the hybrid hazard model (Etezadi-Amoli and Ciampi, 1987) and the extended hybrid hazard models (Louzada-Neto, 1997 and 1999). Mackenzie (1996) proposed a parametric family of non-proportional hazard model called generalized time-dependent logistic model - GTDL. This model is based on the generalization of the standard logistic function for the time-dependent form and is motivated in part by considering the timeeffect in its setting and, in part by the need to consider parametric structure. The frailty model (Vaupel et al., 1979, Tomazella, 2003, Tomazella et al., 2004) is characterized by the use of a random effect, ie, an unobservable random variable, which represents information that or could not or were not collected, such as, environmental and genetics factors, or yet information that, for some reason, were not considered in the planning. The frailty variable is introduced in the modeling of the hazard function, with the objective of control the unobservable heterogeneity of the units under study, including the dependence of the units that share the same hazard factors. In this work we considered an extension of the GTDL model using the frailty model as an alternative to model data which does not have a proportional hazard structure. From a classical perspective, we did a simulation study and an application with real data. We also used a Bayesian approach to a real data set.
A emergência da abstração em crianças autistas através do treino do comportamento de ouvinte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-11) Ribeiro, Daniela Mendonça; Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9137388590869969
The process of narrowing the stimulus control to a property or to a combination of properties of a stimulus, usually called abstraction, has generated increasingly interest in different conceptual and applied perspectives within Behavior Analysis. However, it seems that there is a lack of knowledge integration among them, which may interfere in a more comprehensible description of the abstraction. Besides being a theoretical question, it may contribute for the development of systematic procedures regarding the necessary steps to establish abstract responding in children with or without language delays in applied settings. The two studies that are described here investigated whether teaching listener relations would lead to the emergence of tact responses and abstract responding by undergraduate students, and children with autism and intellectual disability. Experimental stimuli were non familiar compound stimuli that consisted of a shape and a color, and a shape and a pattern. The general strategy was to teach listener relations, characterized by the selection of pictures in the presence of dictated words, to three combinations between the properties of the pictures, which constituted the diagonal of a matrix, through matching-to-sample tasks. Then, the emergence of tact responses in the presence of the pictures corresponding to the three combinations was tested. In Study 1, the bidirectional relations (listener and tact) were established before the introduction of the posttest which verified the emergence of listener relations and tact responses to six untaught combinations between the properties. In Study 2, regardless of the emergence of tact responses to the three combinations, the emergence of listener relations and tact responses to six untaught combinations as well as to the isolated properties was tested. In Study 2, the emergence of impure mand responses to the nine combinations between properties was also verified. Results of Study 1 xvi demonstrated that establishing the bidirectional relations (listener and tact) to three combinations between the properties lead to the emergence of new listener relations and tact responses to the properties presented in untaught combinations. Results from Study 2 replicated those from the Study 1 once the participants that showed the establishment of the bidirectional relations to the three combinations between properties also showed the emergence of listener relations and tact responses to the properties presented in untaught combinations and to the isolated properties. These participants also demonstrated the emergence of impure mand responses. By contrast, the participant who did not tact the three combinations responded by chance during the listener relations posttests to the untaught combinations, and demonstrated restricted stimulus control. Questions that are discussed: (1) the emergence of tact responses after listener relations teaching, (2) the emergence of listener relations and tact responses to untaught combinations between the properties and to the isolated properties, and (3) the emergence of impure mand responses.
A família vai à escola: as concepções de justiça social, cidadania e parcerias comunitárias como estratégias conservadoras de poder em cinco programas da Secretaria de Estado da Educação de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-11) Libanori, Guilherme Andolfatto; Riscal, Sandra Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5775749515785652
This work aims to study five programs of the State Secretariat of Education of São Paulo, implemented from 1995 to 2008: Escola da Família - Desenvolvimento de uma Cultura de Paz no Estado de São Paulo, Superação Jovem, Justiça e Educação: parceria para a Cidadania; Escola em Parceria; e Comunidade Presente. The aim of this study is to analyze the concepts of partnership, citizenship and social justice that underlie these programs, determine its relationship to compensatory policies aimed at equity and social justice and determine its relationship with the project of modernization and rationalization of the educational policy of the state of São Paulo. The study of these programs helped identify an aspect of the educational policy of the Secretariat of State unexplored, which is examining the theoretical concepts underlying the various projects of the Secretariat of Education of São Paulo aimed at assisting the community. The theoretical and methodological procedure of this work is based on research literature and documents and their analysis was performed by the categories modernization and rationalization of Max Weber, and equity and social justice, of John Rawls, and the concept of civilizing process, of Norbert Elias.
Desenvolvimento de um reator fotoquímico microcontrolado, utilizando diodos emissores de luz (LEDs) como fonte de excitação luminosa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-11) Possatto, João Fernando; Batista, Alzir Azevedo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469642481998660; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0373507977334532
Aiming to contribute to the technological development of our country and meet the domestic demand for photochemical reactors, we have considered the possibility of developing a national product. The development of this project required the acquisition of knowledge to master the technology employed in the construction and application of photochemical reactors. This process was followed by refinement and implementation of the innovations that would make them more competitive and versatile to meet the demands of today s market. In the elaboration of the reactor, appropriate tools and the latest computing resources, comprising all stages of the project, namely structural design, loaded electronic and firmware were employed. Then it was possible to construct a virtual prototype with all the benefits of a real product, which enabled the construction of a physical one. As a result, the user could benefit from the combination of nice design and functional structure together with smart and efficient electronics and simple, intuitive interface. Results have proved not only the equivalence, but also the increase in the luminous efficiency through the substitution of the traditional radiation source of the fluorescent light by the LED light source (Light Emitting Diodes). So, through the implementation of the LED technology to this equipment, important and fundamental innovations were made, as follows. Clean, mercury-free and recyclable technology. Greater efficiency in turning electrical energy into luminous energy, leading to reduced electricity consumption and low heat generation. Greater durability of LED light sources, up to 1000 times higher when compared to fluorescent bulbs. Implementation of microcontroller systems, promoting control of luminous intensity, time-programmed excitation, temperature checking, graphical interface etc. The completion of this project resulted in the construction of a photochemical reactor which will bring a number of technological innovations to our country.
Desenvolvimento profissional de uma professora alfabetizadora : a construção de práticas bem-sucedidas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-11) Oja, Aline Juliana; Oliveira, Rosa Maria Moraes Anunciato de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3064136997342775; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2188739761162603
Faced with an educational overview that reveals, in many instances, school failure through poor outcomes related to public education, the present research seeks to enrich the analysis of elements related to the teaching work from the understanding of a pedagogical practice that promotes the achievement of students in the initial stage of schooling. In this sense, the research was guided from the following question: How does a literacy teacher considered successful build its daily practice? To answer this question, it was defined as the main objective to describe and analyze the professional development of a literacy teacher considered successful and the building of its everyday teaching practices. Considering these aspects, we chose to develop a qualitative approach, and as instruments of data collection it was used participant observation and semi-structured interview, plus the contribution of the approach that deals with the teacher s life story. The choice of a literacy teacher considered successful was made from a process of reflection and research, and the criteria for defining the research subject was based on prior knowledge of the researcher, official information provided by the State Department of Education - São Paulo, related to student achievement in the evaluation of SARESP2, by appointing the director and also by the recognition among their pairs. The research took place in the second year s class of the chosen teacher, situated in a public school in São Paulo. Seeking to contextualize the questions raised by this study, we used the theoretical contributions of several authors on the current landscape of research on teaching, relating it to the conception that teachers construct knowledge about their work and that recognition of this perspective indicates progress toward overcoming the dilemmas arising from the complexity of the teaching profession. It was also proposed some reflections on the landscape of the researches that deal with literacy, in particular successful practices, also exploring issues about the literacy teacher education. Furthermore, it approaches the subject of methods used in working with literacy, clarifying issues surrounding the constructivist approach in this context. The data from the analysis were grouped into two dimensions: the story of life and training and literacy practices. Based on the results of that work, it is concluded that the study of teacher knowledge, knowledge base and professional development of teachers enables the clarification of the experiences built throughout the history of training and in everyday classroom are rich source of practical knowledge, teachers resulting from reflections on several occasions made available by the educational intervention, both at school and elsewhere. The successful practices constructed by the teacher investigated are the result of a complex process of development and professional performance that reflects a mix of objective questions (classroom, teaching resources, physical space, among others) and subjective explained by personal characteristics and training of teaching throughout the analysis presented here. In fact, although the context and external factors may influence the learning process, the results show that the practices of literacy are crucial for students to be encouraged, and achieve success in reading and writing, even though each take ownership of knowledge in unique ways.
Rede política no arranjo produtivo local calçadista de Jaú
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-11) Malagolli, Guilherme Augusto; Paulillo, Luiz Fernando de Oriani e; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9919942357089937; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6232188521103529
The policy network is regarded as a relatively stable set of relationships that are not hierarchical and that have an interdependent nature linking a variety of actors who share common interests with regard to a policy and who exchange resources to pursue those shared interests, recognizing that cooperation is the best way to achieve common goals. The study of policy network is crucial to understanding the environment in which there is strategic interaction of actors and organizations that are dependent upon various resources, such as financial, technological, organizational, political, legal and constitutional. The implementation of the study network policies in Clusters (APLs) can explain the economic and social development planning, through the formulation of policies adopted locally. This paper aims to analyze the existence and configuration of the APL Policy Network of women's shoes Jau economic transactions around the actors. So is it possible to identify the central actors of the network policy and show how network structure influences the policy of Local Governance, which can facilitate economic transactions of the actors. For this, we made a field survey, using a semi-structured questionnaire with companies, unions and representatives of local government in APL footwear Jau.