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Desenvolvimento de um reator fotoquímico microcontrolado, utilizando diodos emissores de luz (LEDs) como fonte de excitação luminosa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-11)
Possatto, João Fernando
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Batista, Alzir Azevedo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469642481998660
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0373507977334532
Aiming to contribute to the technological development of our country and meet the domestic demand for photochemical reactors, we have considered the possibility of developing a national product. The development of this project required the acquisition of knowledge to master the technology employed in the construction and application of photochemical reactors. This process was followed by refinement and implementation of the innovations that would make them more competitive and versatile to meet the demands of today s market. In the elaboration of the reactor, appropriate tools and the latest computing resources, comprising all stages of the project, namely structural design, loaded electronic and firmware were employed. Then it was possible to construct a virtual prototype with all the benefits of a real product, which enabled the construction of a physical one. As a result, the user could benefit from the combination of nice design and functional structure together with smart and efficient electronics and simple, intuitive interface. Results have proved not only the equivalence, but also the increase in the luminous efficiency through the substitution of the traditional radiation source of the fluorescent light by the LED light source (Light Emitting Diodes). So, through the implementation of the LED technology to this equipment, important and fundamental innovations were made, as follows. Clean, mercury-free and recyclable technology. Greater efficiency in turning electrical energy into luminous energy, leading to reduced electricity consumption and low heat generation. Greater durability of LED light sources, up to 1000 times higher when compared to fluorescent bulbs. Implementation of microcontroller systems, promoting control of luminous intensity, time-programmed excitation, temperature checking, graphical interface etc. The completion of this project resulted in the construction of a photochemical reactor which will bring a number of technological innovations to our country.
Modelo logístico generalizado dependente do tempo com fragilidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-11)
Milani, Eder Angelo
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Tomazella, Vera Lucia Damasceno
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8870556978317000
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1420630122459706
Several authors have preferred to model survival data in the presence of covariates through the hazard function, a fact related to its interpretation. The hazard function describes as the instantaneous average of failure changes over time. In this context, one of the most used models is the Cox s model (1972), in which the basic supposition for its use is that the ratio of the failure rates, of any two individuals, are proportional. However, experiments show that there are survival data which can not be accommodated by the Cox s model. This fact has been determinant in the developing of several types of non-proporcional hazard models. Among them we mention the accelerated failure model (Prentice, 1978), the hybrid hazard model (Etezadi-Amoli and Ciampi, 1987) and the extended hybrid hazard models (Louzada-Neto, 1997 and 1999). Mackenzie (1996) proposed a parametric family of non-proportional hazard model called generalized time-dependent logistic model - GTDL. This model is based on the generalization of the standard logistic function for the time-dependent form and is motivated in part by considering the timeeffect in its setting and, in part by the need to consider parametric structure. The frailty model (Vaupel et al., 1979, Tomazella, 2003, Tomazella et al., 2004) is characterized by the use of a random effect, ie, an unobservable random variable, which represents information that or could not or were not collected, such as, environmental and genetics factors, or yet information that, for some reason, were not considered in the planning. The frailty variable is introduced in the modeling of the hazard function, with the objective of control the unobservable heterogeneity of the units under study, including the dependence of the units that share the same hazard factors. In this work we considered an extension of the GTDL model using the frailty model as an alternative to model data which does not have a proportional hazard structure. From a classical perspective, we did a simulation study and an application with real data. We also used a Bayesian approach to a real data set.
Um modelo de otimização para as operações de produção de vapor em caldeiras industriais: um estudo de caso na indústria de alimentos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-11)
Rocco, Cleber Damião
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Morabito Neto, Reinaldo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2127180000258691
The aim of this work was to develop and apply a mathematical optimization model to support some key decisions in the steam production operation system with multiple industrial boilers. In the food industry, key decisions into this system are, normally, taken based on people experience, not through decision support tools based on operations research. The proposed model approaches the fuel replenishment decisions, fuel transportation and fuel inventory management. The model also determines the start-up and shutdown moments for each boiler, as well as, which of them will produce steam. An algebraic modeling language was used to implement computationally the model, which was solved by an optimization software. The adjustments and model validation were performed through a case study carried out in a large scale food industry localized in Goiania (GO). In computational experiments conducted with company s data, the results obtained by the model showed better economic performance than those from the company. In face of the good outcomes obtained by applying the model and the lack of protocols or decision tools for the studied system, this model presents itself as a feasible alternative to be considered to support some key-decisions in the steam production system with industrial boilers.
Variação espacial e temporal da diversidade e biomassa da comunidade zooplanctônica do reservatório da UHE de Furnas-MG, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-11)
Silva, Lidiane Cristina da
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Rocha, Odete
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0980251001185976
The UHE Furnas Reservir is located in the state of Minas Gerais and it was built for hydroelectricity generation in 1963, although it is present used for multiple purposes. The zooplankton communities of freshwaters are composed by a variety of species belonging to several taxonomic (Cladocera, Copepoda, Rotifera, Protozoa, larvas de Insecta, Ostracoda, Turbellaria), and are all ecologically important. Many species can be indicators being highly sensitive of environmental conditions The aim of the present work was to analyse the spatial and temporal changes in the species composition, diversity and biomass of zooplankton community as well as their interactions with other environmental variables at the UHE Furnas Reservoir. Samplings were carried out each three months in 36 points in the reservoir, including the two major compartments: Sapucai and Grande dammed portions. Measurements of the main physical and chemical variables were carried out in situ and in the laboratory measurements of nutrients, suspended matter and chlorophyll a concentrations were performed. Zooplankton community was sampled by vertical net hauls with plankton net of 68 μm mesh size. Samples were analyzed regarding the species composition, numerical densities and community biomass. The results obtained indicated the water of the UHE Furnas Reservoir has oligotrophic conditions except in a locality upstream, in River Marimbondo compartment and others located distantly from the dam. The reservoir is thermally and chemically stratified regarding temperature and dissolved oxygen. There are also spatial changes and the reservoir can be divided in three major compartments: Sapucaí River compartment; central portion close to the dam and the northern River Grande compartment. Temporal fluctuations occurred for most variables, with strong differences among the dry and rainy periods. The species richness was high and some species were spatially segregated. Copepoda was the most abundant zooplankton group, both in numbers and biomass. The highest densities and biomass were found in the central portion of the reservoir during the rainy period. In general, the highest concentrations of chlorophyll, zooplankton density and biomass occurred in the Sapucaí River compartment, indicating its higher trophic condition as compared to the more oligotrophic River Grande compartment. Zooplankton biomass as a whole is low compared to other reservoirs, as expected for an oligotrophic system.
Capacidade para o trabalho, sintomas osteomusculares e qualidade de vida entre operadores de máquinas agrícolas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-11)
Milani, Daniela
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Monteiro, Maria Silvia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0451711594111248
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1964869943124053
Introduction: Studies about work ability are relevant specially due to the population aging and the workforce aging in order to avoid early retirement. Those subjects whose employment has physical demands present more frequently injuries than others. The musculoskeletal disorders are the most common disorders among these injuries. These disorders have been important cause for work ability decrease among workers and may have negative impact in their quality of life. The agricultural sector activities include tasks with important physical demands. These tasks may have a negative impact in the workers health. However in Brazil, health-related aspects of these workers are unusual. Objectives: To evaluate the work ability and its association with musculoskeletal symptoms and quality of life aspects in agricultural machinery operators. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out in an industry of the sugarcane sector in Brazil. The subjects (n=204) were agricultural machinery operator. They answered a questionnaire on demographics, work, lifestyle characteristics, Work Ability Index (WAI), The Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the Nordic Musculoskeletal Symptoms questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the workers was 32.3 years. The men comprised 99% of the study population and the average duration of work at the institution was 5.4 years. Physical activity was reported by 45.1%. Considering at least one body part, the musculoskeletal symptoms presence over the past 12 months was reported by 47.1% of the workers and the upper back symptoms were most frequents. The SF-36 dimensions presented scores above 79.3 points and a mean WAI score was 45.2 points. The statistical analysis showed that the work ability was associated with age, education and musculoskeletal symptoms. The wrists and hands symptoms were significantly associated with work ability. Those SF-36 dimensions that had most significant with work ability were role physical and bodily pain. Conclusion: Although in this study the workers had been young, important portion have already presented musculoskeletal symptoms and presented signs of work ability reduction. Furthermore, in this study, the musculoskeletal symptoms were significantly associated with WAI reduction and due to this; it is recommended that measures about promotion and improvement of the work ability and quality of life are deployed to base in musculoskeletal disorders prevention.
Efeito da fragmentação sobre a estrutura de populações de Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze (Araucariaceae) no sul do Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-11)
Müller, Adelcio
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Matos, Dalva Maria da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4728734263109138
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5926860105977898
Fragmentation of habitat is the transformation of a continuous natural landscape into habitat patches or fragments, and may result from human settlements, agriculture, resource extraction and/or logging. Besides the influences of habitat loss, populations that remain in these fragments experience conditions similar to those of the surrounding matrix: the process known as "edge influence", one of the determinants which is the type of matrix surrounding the fragment. In the Southern region of Brazil is found the Mixed Ombrophylous Forest, also known as Araucaria Forest, and the species Araucaria angustifolia remains threatened by the use of its wood for domestic and commercial settings, as well conversion of its natural habitat into agropastoral activities and plantations of exotic species. The size distribution of the population carries a wealth of demographic information and often is the most unequivocal attribute available and accessible to a population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to obtain information on the population ecology of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.)O. Kuntze (Araucariaceae) on edges facing urban matrix, pasture matrix and agricultural matrix. In each of the five fragments were established 50 plots of 10m x 20m parallel to edge, with 25 deployed immediately at the edge and 25 at a distance of 120 meters from the edge. Within these plots, all individuals of Araucaria angustifolia were evaluated. There was no effect of edge on the structure of populations of Araucaria angustifolia evaluated for most variables, however; however, when we evaluated together matrix and shape of the fragments, we found a direct relationship with the density of individuals. The hypothesis that the population structure of Araucaria differs between the edge and inside regardless of shape, size or type of matrix has not been comproved, possibly because of the large variation in the population parameter between the fragments, independently of shape and matrix. But when these two characteristics were assessed together, they were significantly correlated with the total density of each fragment and its edge and interior.
A emergência da abstração em crianças autistas através do treino do comportamento de ouvinte
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-11)
Ribeiro, Daniela Mendonça
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Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9137388590869969
The process of narrowing the stimulus control to a property or to a combination of properties of a stimulus, usually called abstraction, has generated increasingly interest in different conceptual and applied perspectives within Behavior Analysis. However, it seems that there is a lack of knowledge integration among them, which may interfere in a more comprehensible description of the abstraction. Besides being a theoretical question, it may contribute for the development of systematic procedures regarding the necessary steps to establish abstract responding in children with or without language delays in applied settings. The two studies that are described here investigated whether teaching listener relations would lead to the emergence of tact responses and abstract responding by undergraduate students, and children with autism and intellectual disability. Experimental stimuli were non familiar compound stimuli that consisted of a shape and a color, and a shape and a pattern. The general strategy was to teach listener relations, characterized by the selection of pictures in the presence of dictated words, to three combinations between the properties of the pictures, which constituted the diagonal of a matrix, through matching-to-sample tasks. Then, the emergence of tact responses in the presence of the pictures corresponding to the three combinations was tested. In Study 1, the bidirectional relations (listener and tact) were established before the introduction of the posttest which verified the emergence of listener relations and tact responses to six untaught combinations between the properties. In Study 2, regardless of the emergence of tact responses to the three combinations, the emergence of listener relations and tact responses to six untaught combinations as well as to the isolated properties was tested. In Study 2, the emergence of impure mand responses to the nine combinations between properties was also verified. Results of Study 1 xvi demonstrated that establishing the bidirectional relations (listener and tact) to three combinations between the properties lead to the emergence of new listener relations and tact responses to the properties presented in untaught combinations. Results from Study 2 replicated those from the Study 1 once the participants that showed the establishment of the bidirectional relations to the three combinations between properties also showed the emergence of listener relations and tact responses to the properties presented in untaught combinations and to the isolated properties. These participants also demonstrated the emergence of impure mand responses. By contrast, the participant who did not tact the three combinations responded by chance during the listener relations posttests to the untaught combinations, and demonstrated restricted stimulus control. Questions that are discussed: (1) the emergence of tact responses after listener relations teaching, (2) the emergence of listener relations and tact responses to untaught combinations between the properties and to the isolated properties, and (3) the emergence of impure mand responses.
A família vai à escola: as concepções de justiça social, cidadania e parcerias comunitárias como estratégias conservadoras de poder em cinco programas da Secretaria de Estado da Educação de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-11)
Libanori, Guilherme Andolfatto
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Riscal, Sandra Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5775749515785652
This work aims to study five programs of the State Secretariat of Education of São Paulo, implemented from 1995 to 2008: Escola da Família - Desenvolvimento de uma Cultura de Paz no Estado de São Paulo, Superação Jovem, Justiça e Educação: parceria para a Cidadania; Escola em Parceria; e Comunidade Presente. The aim of this study is to analyze the concepts of partnership, citizenship and social justice that underlie these programs, determine its relationship to compensatory policies aimed at equity and social justice and determine its relationship with the project of modernization and rationalization of the educational policy of the state of São Paulo. The study of these programs helped identify an aspect of the educational policy of the Secretariat of State unexplored, which is examining the theoretical concepts underlying the various projects of the Secretariat of Education of São Paulo aimed at assisting the community. The theoretical and methodological procedure of this work is based on research literature and documents and their analysis was performed by the categories modernization and rationalization of Max Weber, and equity and social justice, of John Rawls, and the concept of civilizing process, of Norbert Elias.
Rede política no arranjo produtivo local calçadista de Jaú
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-11)
Malagolli, Guilherme Augusto
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Paulillo, Luiz Fernando de Oriani e
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9919942357089937
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6232188521103529
The policy network is regarded as a relatively stable set of relationships that are not hierarchical and that have an interdependent nature linking a variety of actors who share common interests with regard to a policy and who exchange resources to pursue those shared interests, recognizing that cooperation is the best way to achieve common goals. The study of policy network is crucial to understanding the environment in which there is strategic interaction of actors and organizations that are dependent upon various resources, such as financial, technological, organizational, political, legal and constitutional. The implementation of the study network policies in Clusters (APLs) can explain the economic and social development planning, through the formulation of policies adopted locally. This paper aims to analyze the existence and configuration of the APL Policy Network of women's shoes Jau economic transactions around the actors. So is it possible to identify the central actors of the network policy and show how network structure influences the policy of Local Governance, which can facilitate economic transactions of the actors. For this, we made a field survey, using a semi-structured questionnaire with companies, unions and representatives of local government in APL footwear Jau.
Desenvolvimento profissional de uma professora alfabetizadora : a construção de práticas bem-sucedidas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-11)
Oja, Aline Juliana
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Oliveira, Rosa Maria Moraes Anunciato de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3064136997342775
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2188739761162603
Faced with an educational overview that reveals, in many instances, school failure through poor outcomes related to public education, the present research seeks to enrich the analysis of elements related to the teaching work from the understanding of a pedagogical practice that promotes the achievement of students in the initial stage of schooling. In this sense, the research was guided from the following question: How does a literacy teacher considered successful build its daily practice? To answer this question, it was defined as the main objective to describe and analyze the professional development of a literacy teacher considered successful and the building of its everyday teaching practices. Considering these aspects, we chose to develop a qualitative approach, and as instruments of data collection it was used participant observation and semi-structured interview, plus the contribution of the approach that deals with the teacher s life story. The choice of a literacy teacher considered successful was made from a process of reflection and research, and the criteria for defining the research subject was based on prior knowledge of the researcher, official information provided by the State Department of Education - São Paulo, related to student achievement in the evaluation of SARESP2, by appointing the director and also by the recognition among their pairs. The research took place in the second year s class of the chosen teacher, situated in a public school in São Paulo. Seeking to contextualize the questions raised by this study, we used the theoretical contributions of several authors on the current landscape of research on teaching, relating it to the conception that teachers construct knowledge about their work and that recognition of this perspective indicates progress toward overcoming the dilemmas arising from the complexity of the teaching profession. It was also proposed some reflections on the landscape of the researches that deal with literacy, in particular successful practices, also exploring issues about the literacy teacher education. Furthermore, it approaches the subject of methods used in working with literacy, clarifying issues surrounding the constructivist approach in this context. The data from the analysis were grouped into two dimensions: the story of life and training and literacy practices. Based on the results of that work, it is concluded that the study of teacher knowledge, knowledge base and professional development of teachers enables the clarification of the experiences built throughout the history of training and in everyday classroom are rich source of practical knowledge, teachers resulting from reflections on several occasions made available by the educational intervention, both at school and elsewhere. The successful practices constructed by the teacher investigated are the result of a complex process of development and professional performance that reflects a mix of objective questions (classroom, teaching resources, physical space, among others) and subjective explained by personal characteristics and training of teaching throughout the analysis presented here. In fact, although the context and external factors may influence the learning process, the results show that the practices of literacy are crucial for students to be encouraged, and achieve success in reading and writing, even though each take ownership of knowledge in unique ways.
Modelos e algoritmos para a otimização do planejamento da produção de grãos eletrofundidos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-12)
Luche, José Roberto Dale
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Pureza, Vitória Maria Miranda
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9202201560058916
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4951999338304665
The number of successful applications that use optimization models has followed the evolution of the computers, as much in hardware, with more powerful machines, as in software, with more intelligent algorithms. Due to importance of the modeling as a decision support tool, much effort has been made to mathematically describe systems of interest and devise techniques for solving such models. This work presents a detailed description of the operations involved in production planning and control of the electrofused grain industry and proposes the use of exact and heuristic methods to support decisions in such activities, particularly in production scheduling. Several visits were made to companies in this sector and a case study was carried out one of these companies in order to formulate alternatives to increase productivity and improve customer service. Optimizing the production scheduling of electrofused grains is not a simple task mainly because of the scale of the equipment setup times, the diversity of the products, and the narrow orders due dates. Based on the case study, mixed linear programming models that combine known models of process selection and single-stage lot sizing were developed, and a constructive heuristic, local search variants, and a GRASP algorithm were proposed to solve one of the models. Computational results with a real instance and randomly generated instance sets show that the exact methods as well as the heuristics can produce as good or better production scheduling than the ones currently employed by the studied company
Trajetórias de exclusão e novas expectativas: um estudo sobre jovens e adultos em processo de alfabetização no município de Araraquara-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-14)
Pereira, Mônica
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Buffa, Ester
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9657694246508397
The aim of this study is to show the school, family and professional trajectories that both young and adult students have followed during their years of schooling and literacy. In addition to this, we understand the reason to why school attendance drops during school age. Questionaires and interviews were applied and from this data we were able to understand the reasons that brought the students back to school and their new expectations towards education. The study was based on Pierre Bourdier´s theories, having as the main concepts, the habitus, cultural, economic and social capitals. It also describes a brief analyses of the education facilities provided in the city of Araraquara/SP and the characteristics of their literacy programme for both adults and young people (PROEAJA), the main literacy programme for local students. This programme aims to diminish the number of illiterate people around the city. This study also aims to find the expectations of the students and to analyse the internal and external factors that influence the students´ behaviour towards school. Last we describe a new area of poor school attendance due to the lack of quality inside the educational system.
Agricultura urbana em Porto Ferreira/SP: mapeamento, caracterização e tipificação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-14)
Covarrubias, Juliana Duz Ricarte
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Ferraz, José Maria Gusman
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3851804858390996
Urban Agriculture (UA) is different from, and complementary to rural agriculture in local food systems, in that its practices are integrated into a local urban ecossystem. It has been proven as a multifunctional tool that contributes environmentally, socially and economically. Currently, UA is gaining prominance on the world stage and in Brazil. It is essential to understand the existing iniciatives and demands of UA in order to implement adequated public policies. Therefore, the objective of this research is to analyse the current profile of UA in Porto Ferreira/SP. The cultivated areas of 20 urban districts were mapped, and 617 initiatives were found. From these districts, seven were selected for the interviews with urban farmers (n=74). Questionaires were applied to representatives of the local government, in order to evaluate the level of understanding and participation of those social actors. Multivariate analysis associated with qualitative approaches were used to characterize and tipify the UA, where 222 modalities of 116 variables where obtained from the original database, classified into 8 categories. The descriptive analysis made it possible to understand the distribution of the modalities in UA as a whole unit, while the typification distinguished five different profiles. It was found that the understanding of the policy makers on UA is very limited, and there are no legislation or policies directed to the topic. It is concluded that Urban Agriculture is an important activity in Porto Ferreira and significant in terms of number of cultivation areas. Moreover, this type of agriculture is important for the population's food security in both the access and the diversiy of vegitables consumed. There are no farmer organizations or institutional support. Yet, Urban Agriculture activities are part or the local urban dynamic as an iniciative of the population, highlighting the need to implement public policies to support these activities.
Estrutura genética populacional de Prochilodus costatus Valenciennes 1850 (Characiformes, Prochilodontidae) no Alto São Francisco
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-14)
Silva, Alline Braga
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Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8745570106823275
Studies of population structuring are important tools for the conservation of species and can assist in decisions for the creation, management and restructuring of conservation units. Recent researches conducted with freshwater migratory fish have demonstrated the organization of metapopulations in species of the genus Prochilodus and Brycon, suggesting that the tributaries where the individuals reproduce have a key role in this structuring. Furthermore, the homing behavior, characterized by the return of individuals to their birthplace to breed, has been reported for the genus Prochilodus. This behavior restricts gene flow, which can lead to population structuring. Moreover, a previous study in Prochilodus costatus was not able to detect population structuring when comparing three sites downstream the dam of Três Marias (MG). However, the idea that tributaries may contain different genetic populations remains to be tested. In this context, we investigated the population genetic structure of P. costatus in the region of the headwaters of the São Francisco river, where the extension of the protected area Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra is discussed. We used ten microsatellite loci to conduct the studies in three tributaries of the Upper São Francisco. We use the fixation index (FST) and AMOVA to verify the genetic differentiation between subpopulations previously defined and assignment tests to see how many people there. The results showed a high diversity within subpopulations, low diversity among subpopulations and the existence of only one population group. Thus, the conservation policies for this species should consider a high variability in a single and large population model.
O desenvolvimento político concebido a partir dos conceitos de governança política, capital político e autogoverno: análise dos impactos da atuação do SEBRAE no desenvolvimento político goiano de 2004 a 2011
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-15)
Oliveira Júnior, José Amorim de
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Noronha, Eduardo Garuti
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6908348693613769
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6252786814487505
This thesis analyses the political nature inherent to the development work done by Sebrae s working system. The research establishes a dialogue between philosophy and political sociology, resulting in the creating a political development definition, from the concepts of Political governance (increase of the public spaces of power; power as a key element of the Policy; associacionism and contesting), political capital (the importance of trust to build social capital; political recruitment and political inclusion: formation of new political leaders) and autogovern (empowerment; protagonism and responsiveness). We also analyse the performance of Sebrae in the area of public politics and its Sebrae s reposture as an agent of local and sectorial development, factors that consolidate its institutional role and corroborate the hypothesis of the research about the implications of the acting of this institution in the political development.
Habitus, expectativas e estratégias de formação e trabalho de alunos de escolas urbana e rural do ensino médio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-16)
Faria, Renata Mantovani de
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Silva, Eduardo Pinto e
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3492708361349827
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7199394993784804
O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de investigar e analisar o habitus e a construção de expectativas e estratégias de formação e trabalho de alunos de duas escolas públicas do Ensino Médio de um município do Estado de São Paulo, uma delas localizada na zona rural e outra na zona urbana. Para tal, levou-se em conta a socialização dos agentes e seus aspectos econômicos, sociais, culturais, familiares e subjetivos, com base na teoria de Bourdieu. A pesquisa de campo se deu através da aplicação de questionários e realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com alunos e algumas de suas mães. Buscamos fazer comparações entre os casos mais favorecidos, no que se refere às condições objetivas de distribuição dos diferentes capitais, mais identificados nos alunos da escola de zona urbana, com os casos de maior escassez, mais relativos aos alunos da escola de zona rural. Nos centramos na análise dos dados obtidos sobre os níveis de capital econômico, cultural e social dos alunos, bem como sobre as estratégias escolares e de trabalho deles e de seus familiares. Analisamos as estratégias com base na compreensão de sua relação com o habitus e modo de vida de cada estudante. Pudemos perceber que as expectativas de formação e trabalho dos alunos e as estratégias por eles lançadas antes e após a formação na Educação Básica relacionam-se ao habitus de cada um e às situações objetivas com as quais se deparavam. De modo geral, os alunos da zona urbana apresentavam expectativas mais altas com relação aos estudos que os alunos da zona rural. Consideramos que estes últimos, em função de práticas e disposições interiorizadas, predominantemente caracterizadas pela primazia do trabalho sobre o estudo, ainda que apresentassem expectativas relativas ao prolongamento da escolarização, tenderiam a permanecer tão somente em atividades de trabalho. Seus modos de vida e de socialização, muitos deles com ingresso no trabalho ainda quando crianças, assim como o capital cultural, elemento dificultador da continuidade dos estudos, seriam indicativos desta tendência. Já os alunos da escola urbana, cujas condições objetivas de vida, expressas em capitais cultural e social ligeiramente mais substantivos que os primeiros e por práticas e estratégias de estudo e trabalho, de certo modo, diferenciados, apresentavam maior interesse de ingresso no ensino superior, ainda que condicionados à conciliação com o trabalho em alguns casos. De modo geral, os sonhos e ambições revelados pelos estudantes nem sempre correspondiam às suas práticas e com o que era vivenciado na realidade objetiva, de forma que muitos tenderiam a restringir suas ações em conformidade com aquilo que realmente seria mais provável e/ou possível de se realizar, em detrimento de ideais que potencialmente pudessem transformar seus modos de vida. A importância dos prolongamentos dos estudos apresentou-se, assim, como desejável, mas nem sempre factível. Não obstante a força da reprodução do habitus e modos de vida e socialização sejam condizentes à causalidade do provável, é necessário reconhecer que as disposições interiorizadas e as condições objetivas, além de envolver contradições, são passíveis de mudanças, sendo o capital cultural e o social fatores fundamentais para tal.
Decomposição aeróbia e anaeróbia in vitro de Egeria densa Planch. e Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle de reservatórios tropicais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-16)
Castro, Wagner Antonio Chiba de
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Bianchini Júnior, Irineu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0659731944736389
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1886759094637829
In this study it was evaluated the aerobic and anaerobic decomposition of submerged macrophytes Egeria densa Planch. and Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle, major weeds in tropical reservoirs. It was evaluated the decay of organic matter, mineralization, humification degree of the leached, fiber content, conductivity and pH of the process and activity of cellulase enzymes, peroxidase and xylanase. Mathematical models have indicated relations between enzymatic patterns with decay of organic matter and carbon cycling. Analysis of ANCOVA and ANOVA were used to evaluate differences in the decay processes of the species. The two species showed the same heterogeneous pattern of decay of organic matter and carbon mineralization, however, different patterns of decay patterns of the fiber fraction. Incubations of both species had low values of half life for the mineralization of POC, low mineralization of DOC and high enzymatic activity, especially peroxidase, correlated to high rates of decay of fiber content, mainly lignin. The incubations of the two species exhibited different oxygen consumption, probably due to the different composition of fibers. It was conclude that these macrophytes found in tropical reservoirs may cause changes in the environment metabolism. In this context it is important to study the decomposition of invasive species and their cycles for modeling parameterization of patterns of nutrient cycling in these environments.
Incontinência urinária de esforço: análise de conceito
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-16)
Thomazini, Janaina Ornelas
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Napoleão, Anamaria Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8539664594837249
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2688887423330459
Urinary Incontinence (UI) is considered to be a global problem that affects both men and women. Among the existing types of the condition, the Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI) is more evident, given its expressive prevalence. The SUI is categorized as a nursing diagnosis (ND) according to the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International (NANDA-I), a situation that highlights the importance of study development in this area by nurses. The general objectives of this paperwork are: to perform a concept analysis of the stress urinary incontinence, and to compare the concept analysis results to the nursing diagnosis Stress urinary incontinence presented at NANDA-I taxonomy II. The concept analysis was preformed based on Walker and Avant (2005). A literature review was performed on the PubMed, CINAHL and LILACS databases. 810 studies were identified, among which 34 studies that included all the necessary elements for the concept analysis were chosen to comprise the sample. In order to identify the concept uses, textbooks on urology and materials obtained through websites of professional associations were consulted. The concept analysis allowed us to point out that the SUI concept is used mainly in the health services area. The comparison to NANDA-I s SUI nursing diagnosis led to the suggestion that other studies ought to be carried out in order for the definition to be changed to: Involuntary leakage of urine during activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure, without detrusor contraction Suggested adaptations have been made to the existing defining characteristics, with the inclusion of: reported involuntary urine leakage during sexual intercourse (climacturia and/or during penetration); observed or reported involuntary urine leakage during pregnancy; urine leakage during stress test (Valsalva Maneuver, Cough Test and Stress Test at supine position); specific alterations at the urodynamic test (such as lower maximum urethral closing pressure; lower leakage pressure upon stress). Regarding the related factors, we suggest that the term weakening be replaced with dysfunction on the related factor weakening of the pelvic floor muscle . Also among the related factors, we suggest the inclusion of: levator ani muscle dysfunction; pudendal nerve dysfunction; and bladder neck hypermobility and/or urethral hypermobility. The consequences also reflect upon the social and psychological aspects of an individual, resulting in life quality impairment. Empirical references or possible methods for SUI diagnosis confirmation are mainly: history, detailed physical examination and urodynamic tests to identify the exact cause. This study indicates the possibility of contributions to NANDA-I Stress urinary incontinence diagnosis, and provides nurses with support for a better understanding of the matter, which may contribute to a more effective approach of the care planning aimed at patients that present this condition.
Obtenção de nanopartículas coloidais de trifluoreto de itérbio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-16)
Silva, Patricia Batista Teixeira da
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Camargo, Emerson Rodrigues de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7720754304065239
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7261041513767903
Radiopaque dental composites are materials that have attracted great scientific and technological interest due to their different optical and mechanical properties when compared to polymer-based dental materials. In this work, dental resin nanocomposites were prepared with the assynthesized YbF3 nanoparticles by mixing the components in the colloidal state. YbF3 nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal processing. In this method, it was added an aqueous solution containing YbCl3 and Na3C6H5O7.2H2O. Additionally, NH4F and NaBF4 were used as fluoride source. Resulting in nanoparticles with average size around 10 nm, which consisted of orthorhombic phase. In addition, nanocomposites were prepared with the dental resin YbF3 obtained. Which showed higher radiopacity than the tooth tissue with 20% in weight (w/w) using the as-synthesized YbF3 nanoparticles.
O(s) obscuro(s) dizer(es) de mães sobre o autismo de seus filhos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-02-16)
Telles, Cynara Maria Andrade
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Romão, Lucília Maria Sousa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8828821460772801
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7040619427859244
Listening to the mothers of autistic children is the aim of this work in order to look, at the materiality of these discourses, new senses and meanings to the pathology of autism and the (non) place given to mothers at the scientific universe. Through interviews, we undertook an interpretive gesture of the subjects discoursive singularity using as theoretical framework the french Discourse Analysis, which takes his place on the science being supported by the materiality of the spoken and written language that is documented by the mankind and contextualized in a specific historical process. The Discourse Analysis is a subject of interpretation whose methodology is working the circularity of a discourse that has already said, with senses that have already made legitimate, before and somewhere and the possibility of opening new meanings through the drift, the paraphrase and the metaphor. The aim of this work was to explore, by the listening of these mothers, some issues involving the subject and its discursive positions, from a particular social and historical context and set in the universe of language, considering the subject proposed by the Discourse Analysis as the main concept of this work. The interest in the subject emerged from the experience in an institution that served cases of children s mental illness, and the listening of the mothers stories happened through the difficulty to involve them in the work with their children, which it began with the diagnosis and was followed by clinical and pedagogical treatment. It was observed that, in the course of time and after the diagnosis, the mothers put their autistic children in the focus of their lives and together with the institution, they needed to do their reports on the child. The most of them stopped working, the relationship with their husband had serious difficulties, the attention to the other children was affected and the hope of a big improvement was running out. In most cases, the mothers were responsible for the work of their children in school, however, they almost didn t take part in the treatment. We noticed the effects of a discourse of authority (the scientific discourse) on the discourse of mothers, who weren t licensed to know about the problem, as well as the silencing of their dreams and desires; When these women were deprived of their place of exemplary mother, loving wife and woman they started protecting themselves against the pain through the denial, repeating the gesture of their autistic children. The interest in listening to these mothers has increased when we consider the term "refrigerator mothers" after the publication of the first work about the issue whose author was Leo Kanner, the first researcher who defined the pathology of autism as an isolated aspect, describing the mothers of these children as emotionally cold. In this metaphor, we observe an effect of sense on this subject-mother determining by the memory a discursive formation that has been causing effects of freeze of its discourses, which can be evidenced by scarce specialized treatment centers for cases of autism that orient themselves in humanistic theories; on the other hand, there is a growing trend in works that are based on organicist theories and lead to a larger deletion of a place of legitimacy for these mothers. Three discursive entries were selected for the analysis, the first one was the listening of mothers childhood memories about their relationships with family, the marks of this period that have determined the ways how their love choices were meant and which in turn constitute the second entry that broaches the mothers discourses about their wishes to compose their families; lastly, the third one was the listening of the effects of the child s diagnosis, because it s interesting for some researchers to investigate the previous history of autistic children like the ways how they were meant and put in discourse before and after of their birth.