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Estudo da cinética e do equilíbrio da adsorção da cefamicina C em resina de troca iônica e simulação do processo contínuo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-01)
Rodriguez, Guilherme Youssef
;
Pasotto, Marlei Barboza
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3444129592454266
The cephamycin C (CefC) is a beta-lactam antibiotic produced from submerged and aerated cultures of Streptomyces clavuligerus. Acts as inhibitor of cell wall formation of Gram-negative bacteria and is resistant to the hydrolytic action of betalactamases enzymes. The literature presents few scientific results published regarding the purification of CefC, and the information is restricted to international patents. The first results regarding the production and purification of CefC are being released by the research group in Biochemical Engineering from the DEQ/UFSCar, in national and international conferences. Thus, given the importance of CefC, indispensable researches are needed particularly regarding the process of extraction and purification. In this work kinetics and equilibrium mathematical models were proposed to the adsorption of CefC on StreamLine QX-L ion exchange resin. Through experimental batch assays, the effects of pH (2.8, 4.7 and 6.8) and temperature (13°C, 20°C and 30°C) were studied, analyzing the intrinsic parameters calculated by nonlinear regression. The CARE model was adopted for continuous process and material balances were performed at each control surface. These balance equations were generated considering the models proposed in the batch tests. The general objective of this work is the simulation and optimization of the continuous process, applied to CefC. The simulations were carried both in transient and permanent modes. Steady state was optimized on performance parameters concentration factor (CF), purification factor (PF), efficiency (η) and productivity (σ), taking the system flows as independent variables. The numeric method adopted was the Sequential Quadratic Programing (SQP). It was found that the StreamLine QX-L resin adsorbs CefC around 0.25 mg/g, although higher values can be achieved with higher initial concentrations at pH 4.7. The best condition found was at pH 6.8 at 30°C, since it provides a reasonable maximum adsorption capacity without substantial affinity adsorbent-adsorbate loss. The batch models proposed agree with the tendency observed experimentally and the continuous process was simulated and optimized in the best condition. The calculations showed that it is possible to concentrate the CefC and operate the system in high yields, although these events do not occur concurrently.
Diversidade de macrófitas aquáticas em áreas úmidas do Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe, Rio Grande do Sul
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-01)
Rolon, Ana Silvia
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Rocha, Odete
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7540002835263478
The Lagoa do Peixe National Park is an important conservation unity, aiming to protect the wetlands, one of the most endangered type of ecosystem in the world. In Southern Brazil around 90% of the wetlands were already lost. The protected ecosystems in the park are ernationally important for biodiversity conservation and it is the unique Ramsar site in Southern Brazil. The existence of areas invaded by Pinus eliotti and the artificial breaching of the lagoon sandbar are severe problems that can threaten the biodiversity in this preservation area. The goal of this study was to evaluate the diversity of aquatic macrophyte present in the park and test some ecological hypothesis about the community diversity of aquatic macrophyte in natural areas and areas under influence of the main problems of the park (pine invasion and the sandbar breaching). To answer this questions a survey was conducted in 32 wetlands situated inside the park between 2007 and 2009. We identified 176 aquatic macrophyte species in the palustrine wetlands of the park. The aquatic macrophyte richness and composition in coastal wetlands are directly related to the isolation degree of these wetlands in relation to the source wetland and other closer wetlands. The wetland area was not a significant factor for the spatial structure of the aquatic macrophyte community. Other determinant factors for the community were habitat diversity and hydroperiod. The influence of those environmental characteristics was different among the macrophyte groups defined as: hydrophytes, palustrine, and amphibious. The presence of pine resulted in a decrease in macrophyte richness, and the species composition in this area is, in a general way, a subset of the species found in natural wetlands. The artificial sandbar breaching did not affect the richness of aquatic macrophytes in the floodplain wetlands of Lagoa do Peixe. However, in this areas affected by the sandbar breaching, the community composition 4 was characterized by a pattern of continuous species replacement during the two-year study. These results provide important information for wetland management in the park.
A graduação em Fisioterapia no contexto da formação de profissionais para o sistema de saúde no Brasil : um olhar sobre o curso da Universidade Federal de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-01)
Almeida, Aline Barreto de
;
Silva, Geovani Gurgel Aciole da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6146469366214279
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9965335072268661
The aim of this study is contribute to knowledge production in Physiotherapy Graduation field according to the recent health professional preparation policies and indentifies the suitable strategic planning in order to insert the professionals in this local context. Therewith, studies about Physiotherapy professional preparation at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) was performed, relating its history face to the trajectory of public health policies and the current training of health workers for Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). This investigation keeps a single and qualitative feature, and it is also in process. Therefore, directed interviews were conducted individually with professors of the Physiotherapy course and focused groups with students. The data collection was made by the course coordinator, the head of department, nine teachers and thirty- two students. Furthermore, it was used as a technique of research, documentaries and observation with daily field reports. The analysis used the dialectic-hermeneutic approach, based on six categories: political and pedagogical project, pedagogical approach, practice settings, teacher capacity, labor world and the construction of switches. As a result, it was found that the recent history of this studied course portrays a lack of effective participation in discussions and actions in face of the Health Care Reform and the construction of SUS, which produced a gap between physical therapy and public health. While the discussions of policies for training health professionals were directed to an expansion of activity with the SUS approximation, the Physiotherapy preferred scientific investigation as propulsion for its recognition. Current policies to encourage new practices and curricular changes, which we can branch the National Curriculum Guide; have produced interesting effects on the course, providing an effective teachers preparation and the inclusion of students in the health town network. We conclude that the journey since the collection to data analysis of training methods in physiotherapy course at UFSCar added to the literature about the significance of changes on the way to provide greater proximity to health needs and the SUS. The thematic of Physiotherapy preparation is still an incipient subject. It is important consider the efforts of those who learn with it is new and make changes as a result of hard work and long battles, from the opening and meetings of presidential scenarios, from the new networking assembled and thoughtful discussions among various stakeholders within and outside the university.
Padrão temporal e espacial das mudanças de usos da terra e cenários para a conservação da biodiversidade regional do município de São Félix do Araguaia, MT
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-01)
Santos, Roseli Machado dos
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Santos, José Eduardo dos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9339465247386683
There is an increase need for remote sensing data and associated analysis techniques in detecting and monitoring landscape change, particularly for resource management and planning. Information derived from remote sensing spatial data landscape has often been used to assist in the formulation of policies and provide insight into land-use patterns. To understanding human disturbance regimes for developing conservation and ecosystem management plan and for targeting ecological areas that define scarce ecosystems services this study has provided a landscape structure digital database at scales of observations that meet.various mapping criteria (geology, geomorphology, pedology, climate unit, hydrography, hypsometry, road net, legally protected areas, settlements and land-use dynamics of the São Félix Araguaia municipality (MT, Brazil). The monitoring land-use dynamics for characterizing anthropogenic and natural surfaces was based on the use of the Systems of Geographical Information and image LandSat 5 TM. The pattern of land-use reflects the outcomes of more than one human process; for instance, cropland, pastureland and settlements expansion. Natural vegetation was the most abundant land use type, occupying 77,26% of the municipal district total area in 1990, decreasing to 58,86% in 2009. Following forest, agricultural activity antropica was the next most abundant land class type with 21,17% of the total area in 1990 and 39,17% in 2009. A class on non-agricultural human activity (roads and urbanized area) value was incipient throughout the period (0,42% of the total area in 1990 and only 0,68% in 2009), evidencing that the landscape changes are not influenced by the urban growth. These temporal changes were interpreted as resulting from regional development actions related to agricultural expansion based on intensive methods. Regional and municipal planners require up-todate information related to a digital database to effectively manage land development and plan for change.
Formação de coalizões, apoio legislativo e atuação partidária no presidencialismo brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-01)
Pasquarelli, Bruno Vicente Lippe
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Braga, Maria do Socorro Sousa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2311094074614215
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0598322092154820
The interaction between the Executive and the Legislative in the Brazilian presidential system has been ruled by two antagonistic approaches. The first one examines that the relations between both powers would be ruled by confronting each other and by irreconcilable interests. This is because a combination of the presidential system, multipartidarism, open-list proportional representation system and federalism would induce to the formation of a clientelistic Congress, which would be undisciplined and dominated by weak political parties. The second perspective reinforces the high level of cooperation in the relations between those powers due to the centralization which rules the legislative work, and due to the executive and the partisan leaders´ preponderance in the ruling process, allowing the establishment of an enduring coalition. From these considerations, this study analyzes how the Brazilian presidential system was run during Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva government (2003-2010) by two main aspects: firstly, the notable cooperation between the Executive and the Legislative powers visualized in the formation of coalitions, in the allocation of ministry positions and in the election for the main legislative positions, such as the presidencies of the House of Representatives, Federal Senate and Permanent Committees; and, secondly, the evident participation of the political parties of the situation and the opposition through reports by the legislators of the National Congress Committees, as well as the action throughout amendments and replacements. Thus, it has been proved that Lula government was supported by enduring and disciplined coalitions which, then, had the main executive and legislative positions. Furthermore, it has been verified that the Legislative power does not ratify all the propositions derived from the Executive power, because it has actuated in the committees by altering them. Consequently, cooperation was constant in the ruling process, but the negotiation and conflict were also indispensable factors for a better performance of the system official duties.
Problemas taxonômicos da família Threskiornithidae: filogenia molecular e o caso de Eudocimus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-01)
Malaver, Jorge Luis Ramirez
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Del Lama, Sílvia Nassif
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7893772074091604
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3073682959497475
The family Threskiornithidae includes 13 genera and 32 species, but the relationships among genera, species or subspecies have been little studied. This family is traditionally divided into two subfamilies: Plataleinae and Threskiornithinae. One of the more interesting taxonomical questions within this group is the case of the species Eudocimus ruber and Eudocimus albus. They are usually considered as separate species, but they show similar behavior and there are also records of hybridization in nature. This study aims to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships within the family Threskiornithidae as well as assess the level of genetic differentiation between Eudocimus albus and E. rubber, using mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences. DNA was extracted from blood and tissue samples from 13 species of Threskiornithidae (seven genera) and two outgroups. For the Eudocimus study were extracted 10 individuals of each species. We sequenced the 16S rRNA and the intron 7 of β- Fibrinogen for all species. For Eudocimus Cytochrome B, Cytochrome Oxidase I, intron 11 of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Desidrogenase, intron 4 of the Myelin Proteolipid Protein and intron 2 of Myoglobin were also sequenced. Sequences for other five species of the family were obtained from GenBank. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using Neighbor-Joining, Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood, Bayesian inference and Bayesian inference of species tree. Networks and genetic distances were determined for Eudocimus haplotypes. Several approaches for species delimitation using multilocus data were applied. All analyses strongly supported the family Threskiornithidae (18 species) as a monophyletic group. However, the current classification of two subfamilies was not supported by our data: Plataleinae formed a monophyletic group, but nested within Threskiornithinae (a paraphyletic group). Tests of monophyly rejected the hypothesis of monophyly of Threskiornithinae. The family Threskiornithidae also showed a division into two groups: one with only genera endemic to the American continent (Theristicus and Eudocimus) and another with the remaining species. Within the latter clade, species of genus Plegadis are observed in a basal position, while subfamily Plataleinae was grouped with the remaining species. This pattern of species distribution suggests an initial Gondwana division and subsequent colonization by species from the Old to the New World. The divergence within the family was estimated at 35-40 million years, which is before the separation between America and Antarctica. Mitochondrial genetic analysis showed Eudocimus species as two different lineages. Multilocus analysis based on nuclear genes revealed a strong signal of speciation despite the polyphyly found in three of the four markers.
Desenvolvimento de hidrotalcitas de Ni-Mg-Al como recursores na formação de oxidos mistos e suas aplicações em processos catalíticos de reforma de metano com CO2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-01)
Carantón, Alberth Renne González
;
Assaf, José Mansur
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563312407691130
In this work were prepared hydrotalcites (LDHs - Layered Double Hydroxides) Ni-Mg-Al to be used as precursors in the preparation of mixed oxides Ni-Mg-Al. The effect of incorporation of the particles, the calcination temperature and nickel content were the variables chosen in order to observe the influence of factors such as degree of dispersion, textural properties, crystal structure and catalytic activity in the reaction reforming of methane with CO2. LDHs stable of Ni-Mg-Al were prepared by sol-gel method. The incorporation of nickel particles was done by drip consecutive solutions of nickel acetate tetrahydrate in ethanol after the network formation of Mg-Al by intercalation and ion exchange of the LDHs of Mg-Al with solution of complex of Ni+2(EDTA )-2. The calcination was studied by keeping a constant heating rate (5°C/min) And making changes in the temperature levels of 500 and 650°C, respectively. Were chosen for three levels of nickel with respect to the percentage of total mass in LHDs. After the incorporation of nickel particles, gels were dried and calcined to form the mixed oxide Ni-Mg-Al, in case of direct incorporation in alcoholic medium, the gel obtained was aged for 18 hours, dried at 70 ° C for 24 hours, calcined for 5 hours and stored. In the case of LDHs obtained by ion exchange, the Mg-Al gel was aged for 18 hours to complete the hydrolysis by addition of stoichiometric amounts of water. Finally, the gel was dried at 80 ° C, resulting in the Mg-Al LDHs. The incorporation of nickel occurred adding the hydrotalcite to complex solution of Ni+2(EDTA)-2 with high agitation and at room temperature for 24 hours, allowing the ion exchange. The gel was centrifuged at 150 rpm, washed and dried 70 ° C for 24 hours and calcined for 16 hours. The samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction (EDX), physisorption BET with nitrogen, X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), desorption of hydrogen temperatureprogrammed (TPD), temperature programmed oxidation (TPO) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The catalysts were applied to methane reforming with CO2. The distribution of products and parameters such as conversion, yield and H2/CO ratio were made measuring in catalyst stability iv tests kinetic parameters with respect to time. Some catalysts were tested in extreme conditions of deposition of coke in order to investigate the deposition and the effect of variables in your control. Met the requirements for proper preparation and activation of these oxides as a function of stability observed in the catalytic reforming reaction of methane with CO2 and control the deposition of coke. The characterization results, together with the results of catalytic tests support the idea that the catalytic activity, stability and control in the deposition strongly depend on the steps of incorporation of nickel particles on the network, which are influenced by the particle content, degree of sintering and type of interactions between the structure Mg-Al and Ní+2.
Desenvolvimento, resiliência e conexões transescalares em regiões rurais : estudo do Vale do Ribeira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-01)
Jankowsky, Mayra
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Nordi, Nivaldo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8168865557947289
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9106050537260893
Ensure development and social equity together with the continuity of ecosystem services is part of the global challenge. Especially if the population grows, the expansion of the intensive agriculture and the diminished the capacity of global ecosystems to sustain regulatory and provision services was considered. More than ever, changes and relations between local and global scale, and their consequences on the social ecological systems have to be analyzed. Therefore, understanding dynamics of land use has been the focus of much research. Smallholders and regional development have gained attention in this context. This study was made in the theory of resilience and territorial development to understand the Ribeira Valley territory. Ribeira Valley is a rural region, hot spot to conservation with cultural diversity. However, it still has a low HDI and difficulties of implementing public policies for it development. For this research, we used open interviews, interviews, interviews with stakeholders, future scenarios workshops between the years 2007 and 2010. Initially, we mapped the main productivity activities in the region. These were studied in detail to assess resilience of these activities and how they relate to territorial development. Diagrams were used to facilitate understanding of the relationship between society and natural resources. The results show the importance of across scale connections and drivers interference in the region. Those interferences resulted in different adaptive strategies all based on natural capital. When evaluated resiliency with multiple criteria, it is clear that the lack of social capital is responsible for the difficulty of building resilience in region. This difficulty can be compounded by loss of regulatory and support ecosystem services. Thus, even region is characterized as a multifunctional landscape, and therefore prone to sustainability, is need building resilience. Some of their productive activities are not resilient, pointing to need to manage them. However, policies are not focused on these missing points. We conclude that the strengthening of social capital for collective action and governance is essential, beyond the conservation of natural capital. This will not only be at risk in some activities, but as the basis for all productive activities. So is need building institutions capable of dealing with social and ecological issues at different scales. Territorial development has to contribute to increasing the social and natural capital.
A influência da preferência por brindes no autorrelato de desempenho em tarefas de leitura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-02)
Rabelo, Laura Zamot
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Rose, Julio Cesar Coelho de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3386857761295187
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8073723161368032
This study aimed at investigating the correspondence in a do-say activity. Two experiments were carried out: the first intended to clarify the effects of choice and preference for items on the self-report of children in a reading task performed on the computer; the second experiment endeavored to search for effects of previous reinforcement history using the same task as the former. Six children aged between 7 and 10 took part in Experiment 1. Doing consisted of reading a word out loud and saying comprised the report of having emitted a correct answer or having made a mistake. The entire task was performed on the computer. The item preference was determined by an interview done with the subjects themselves and it was also assessed by a multiple-stimuli without replacement test. The self-report of mistakes and correct answers for each subject was registered during three baseline sessions and no differential consequences followed any particular self-report. Afterwards, the subjects were exposed to the testing sessions with the objects evaluated as of high, medium and low preference, with and without the possibility of choosing what item they wanted to obtain. The total number of sessions was 18 and each of them was planned with 50% of words the subjects did not know how to read. The children were informed that they could only receive the treat (one of the preference items) if they had at least 15 points as the final score what would sum up to 75% or more of right answers for each session. Therefore, to every report of right answer, a point was added to the total score and it was presented on a screen shown in the intertrial interval. The percentage of noncorrespondent reports increased during the testing sessions, if compared to the baseline. It can be noticed a progressive raise on the non-correspondent reports of correct answers for all the subjects, nevertheless, the data were variable. The Experiment 2 aimed to broaden the results of the first and also to evaluate the role of historical variables represented here as a correspondence training carried out before the testing sessions. Three children between 7 and 10 years old were the subjects. The results obtained in the second experiment did not substantially differ from the first. Similar to Experiment 1, the data obtained from Experiment 2 for all children show an increase on emission of self-reports of correct answers, regardless if they made a mistake or not. There were not observable choice effects in both experiments. Moreover, the pattern of responses of most of subjects differed from what was to be expected if the reports were in function of preference. In conclusion, it is of fundamental importance to investigate the role of the score shown during the task as it may have functioned as an immediate conditioned reinforcer during the sessions increasing the emission of reports of correct answers. Keywords: verbal/nonverbal correspondence, reading, preference for consequences, reinforcement.
Dinâmica populacional de Euterpe edulis Martius em Floresta Ombrófila Densa no sul da Bahia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-02)
Mafei, Rodolpho Antunes
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Matos, Dalva Maria da Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4728734263109138
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0804832742490928
Euterpe edulis is a very important palm tree from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest due to its ecological and economic role. However, due to the indiscriminate overexploitation its populations has been reducing greatly. This study aimed to characterize the conservation status of a E. edulis population in a fragment of Atlantic Forest at Southern Bahia. We monitored this population along 5 running years in a 0.8 hectare. Environmental variables were also collected to test which factors could affect plant development and projection matrices analysis were performed to estimate the population growth rate and sensibility. The results showed that population s density is lower if compared with others studies. We verified a decrease in the seedling s recruitment over years, which were attributed to fragmentation side-effects, such as microclimate changes and / or reproductive isolation or inbreeding depression. We also observed that the low rate of transition from stages 1 to 2, represents a bottleneck for the population growth. These results emphasize the urgency of more long-term studies on the population ecology and genetic of E. edulis and also management strategies to promote the sustainability of such natural populations.
A equação de Yang-Baxter para modelos de vértices com três estados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-02)
Pimenta, Rodrigo Alves
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Martins, Márcio José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1875815921495261
In this work we study the solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation associated to nineteen vertex models invariant by the parity-time symmetry from the perspective of algebraic geometry. We determine the form of the algebraic curves constraining the respective Boltzmann weights and found that they possess a universal structure. This allows us to classify the integrable manifolds in four different families reproducing three known models besides uncovering a novel nineteen vertex model in a unified way. The introduction of the spectral parameter on the weights is made via the parameterization of the fundamental algebraic curve which is a conic. The diagonalization of the transfer matrix of the new vertex model and its thermodynamic limit properties are discussed. We point out a connection between the form of the main curve and the nature of the excitations of the corresponding spin-1 chains.
Voto: uma oferta de fé. O poder simbólico dos líderes religiosos e o comportamento eleitoral dos membros da igreja evangélica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-02)
Souza, Julio Cesar Pereira de
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Kerbauy, Maria Teresa Miceli
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4762029784021248
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7201126524337975
The way of making politics in the churches in Brazil has changed considerably due to the growth of evangelical denominations. The neopentecostal churches , emerged in the mid-70s, grew up quickly and now they are communities strongly disputed by the political leadership to represent an important portion of the national constituency. Considering the problem of charisma, the symbolic capital, i.e, the influence of the religious leader, we studied the voting behavior of campaigns for state and federal deputies in the International Church of God`s Grace (Igreja Internacional da Graça de Deus) from 1998 to 2006 addressing the transformation of its members in militants and faithful voters. Therefore, we analyze the guidelines of the speech delivered by the church leadership in the process of electoral persuasion, the media material, the logistics of the campaign and the participation of members in this process.
Efeito ansiolítico do ondansetron, antagonista dos receptores 5-HT3, injetado na amídala de camundongos submetidos à exposição e reexposição no labirinto em cruz elevado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-02)
Nunciato, Ana Claudia
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Souza, Azair Liane Matos do Canto de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2352004564367849
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4045394375772114
Against of stimuli that are dangerous, animals manifest defense reactions that cause fear and anxiety. These stimuli activate the serotonergic system, which sends projections to structures involved in defense mechanisms such as the septum, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala and periaqueductal gray modulates the behavioral changes that can be characterized as anxiety. Studies have shown that 5-HT3 receptors are part of this modulation. The elevated plus maze (EPM) is a widely used animal model to evaluate the anxiolytic activity of drugs. Currently, it is known that the retest in rodents (rats and mice) increases the avoidance of it, this phenomenon, which refers to "a display of tolerance" (OTT, One Trial Tolerance). The amygdala is a prosencephalic structures that have significant amount of serotonin (5-HT) in this way, recent results from our laboratory have shown that microinjections of ondansetron antagonist 5-HT3 receptors in the amygdala of mice produced anxiolytic-like effect evaluated in LCE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of receptors 5-HT3 receptors in the amygdala of mice prior experience the elevated plus-maze (EPM). Conventional measures of anxiety (% of entry and time spent in open arms), locomotor activity (frequency in closed arms) and ethological measures related to risk assessment were recorded. The present study demonstrated that intra-amygdala of ondansetron, antagonist of 5-HT3 receptors, produced anxiolytic-like effects in naive mice and mice prior experience the LCE. The injection of ondansetron in only one of the exhibits produced anxiolytic-like effect, which leads us to conclude that the drug produced no change in memory. Both the Trial 1 and in Trial 2, none treatments affected locomotor activity. So while the amygdala is involved in the neurobiology of the defense reactions such as anxiety response, as it refers to the phenomenon it seems OTT not to participate.
Homotopias finitamente fixadas e pares de homotopias finitamente coincidentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-02)
Cotrim, Fabiana Santos
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Vendrúscolo, Daniel
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8602232587914830
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5304106217466160
In the area of the theory of fixed points and coincidences of Nielsen, this study aims to develop techniques to minimize the set of fixed points in homotopies and the set of coincidences in pairs of homotopies. The techniques are based on Hopf construction for selfmaps of polyhedrons and on the results presented by Helga Schirmer in context of _x-finite homotopies. For pairs of homotopies, we created the concept of coincidences finite and we proved that certain pairs of homotopies can have their set of coincidences minimized in order to become coincidences finite.
Resiliência de sistemas alimentares: do local ao global
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-02)
Ferreira, Marina Vianna
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Nordi, Nivaldo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8168865557947289
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9020309796452848
Monitoramento em tempo real da orientação molecular de poliestireno e em misturas com polimetilmetacrilato durante a extrusão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-02)
Santos, Adillys Marcelo da Cunha
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Canevarolo Júnior, Sebastião Vicente
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4153664441338178
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4714910313876978
In this work it was studied the flow orientation of pure polystyrene and its diluted mixtures with polymethylmethacrylate as second phase during extrusion process by in-line monitoring of the polarized transmitted light intensity. The optical device is attached to the extruder exit by means of a slit-die possessing bores fitted with borosilicate transparent glass windows where light may go through to reach the flow. Upon pressurization, the windows internal structure changes which influences its optical response. The expected sine-square fitting relating transmitted light intensity and applied pressure on the windows is applied to the data. Doing that the software is able to deduct the glass windows strain birefringence from the polymer flow birefringence contribution. Stopping the feed allowed the in-line monitoring at a continuous decrease in shear rate replacing the time-consuming and waste of material of the steady-state. Amidst the samples evaluated, the higher viscosity polystyrene presented a high orientation level inducing an optical path difference above the half first order (OPD > 275nm). On shear rate decreasing the orientation of the flowing polymer reduces, displayed by the optical detector as a change in the transmitted light intensity, following a sinusoidal curve. Addition of a second phase to the PS matrix both lower the transmitted light intensity due to the turbidity created by the scattering particles presented in the medium and shifts the curves maxima to higher pressure values. The latter case is explained by the generation of methyl methacrylate monomer that diffuses into the PS matrix reducing its viscosity and so the chain orientation. Statements above revealed a vector called Azimuthal influence of the Concentration.
Síntese assistida por microondas de LiMn2O4, caracterização e testes como catodo para dispositivos de armazenamento de energia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-02)
Silva, João Pedro da
;
Biaggio, Sonia Regina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0418215244233120
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2087603202355409
Lithium manganese oxide - LiMn2O4 - was produced by a microwaveassited solid state reaction. Solid mixtures containing LiOH.H2O and -MnO2 (synthesized electrolytically) underwent microwave irradiation for 3, 4 and 5 min. The obtained material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Conductivity measurements and charge / discharge tests were carried out with the mixture: 85% LiMn2O4 / 10% carbon black / 5% PVDF. XRD analyses showed that LiMn2O4 was obtained in a single phase of cubic structure belonging to the space group Fd3m in only 3 min of microwave irradiation. This short time for the LiMn2O4 synthesis represents an energy saving greater than 90% when compared with the time employed in the traditional method of synthesis. SEM micrographs showed morphological changes and particle size increase when the microwave irradiation time was increased. The mixture (85% LiMn2O4 / 10% carbon black / 5% PVDF) presented electronic conductivity similar to that of a semiconductor (σ ~ 10-1 S m-1), which is adequate for using as cathode in lithium ion battery. Charge and discharge tests showed good electrochemical stability for all the oxides synthesized at different times, evidenced by a small decrease (12 to 17%) of their specific capacities during 30 cycles of charge and discharge. The oxide produced at 3 min of microwave irradiation presented the highest charge supply (77 93 mA h g-1) at an elevated discharge rate (C/1), besides a highly uniform morphology and the lowest particle size (~1 μm).
Megafauna do quaternário tardio dos depósitos cársticos do Alto Vale do Ribeira, sudeste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-02)
Ghilardi, Aline Marcele
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Bichuette, Maria Elina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8453043393798516
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5761534317977568
The carbonate caves of the Upper Ribeira Valley, southeastern São Paulo State, Brazil, preserve abundant fossil record of Pleistocene-Holocene South American megafauna. This work presents a historical review of its paleontological studies, as well as an update taxonomic survey of the megafauna material gathered since the beginning of the explorations in the area. Herein are also discussed paleobiogeographic and paleoecological questions and presented new Electron Spin Resonance dating results of the Ribeira s material. The fossil megafauna of the Upper Ribeira karstic region include: Eremotherium laurillardi, Nothrotherium maquinense, Lestodon armatus, Catonyx cuvieri, Ocnopus gracilis‟, Ahytherium aff. aureum, Glyptodon clavipes, G. reticulatus, Hoplophorus cf., Toxodon spp., Stegomastodon waringi, Tapirus terrestris,. Equidae indet., Smilodon populator and Panthera onca, of which only P. onca and T. terrestris still remain in the region. The register of Equidae here presented is the first for this area and also the first formal entry for the São Paulo state. The fossil assemblage recorded shows greater biogeographical affinity to the mega-mammal community of the intertropical region, though a typical taxon from pampean localities was also found. This denotes that the area should be a transition zone. The ecology of the species found suggests bygone occurrence of fairly different environmental settings than the existing one in the area. There were more temperate climates associated with open vegetation physiognomies, what agrees with the already known paleopalinological data. The fossil material does not show any kind of cronocorrelation given the type of genesis of the cave accumulations; and paleoecological investigations indicate that these fossils does not represent a real biocoenosis, but depict different faunistic moments related to climate oscillations during the Quaternary. The results obtained with the absolute dating corroborate the hypothesis that the Vale do Ribeira material belong to Late Pleistocene Holocene age; and also give the first biocronological insight for an extinct group in this area. To better understand the information provided by these deposits, further efforts on prospection and dating should be conducted, as well as detailed taphonomic investigations. The studies of the Quaternary fauna in São Paulo State come to fill an important gap in the intricate history of the South American megafauna.
Discriminações simples e reforçamento específico e diferencial para cada classe no ensino de leitura a indivíduos com atraso no desenvolvimento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-03)
Zaine, Isabela
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Domeniconi, Camila
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0665572503019533
Training procedures in researchs about the estabilishment of stimulus equivalence classes are tipically based on conditional discriminations, in wich a sample controls selection of a comparison stimulus. Proposals based on simple discrimination have been suggested in order to expand the potential of such technology and empirical model. Considering also that reinforcers are a part of stimulus equivalence class, the use of specific reinforcers to each class may assist in the emergence of equivalent stimuli classes. The preset study aimed to propose a training structure combining simple and conditional discrimination and differential and specific reinforcement for each stimulus class to teach reading of six simple isolated words from to individuals with developmental delay. Participants were 14 individuals with developmental delay enrolled in a special education institution with ages ranging from nine to 15 years. They were divided in two groups and randomly assigned to an experimental or control group. LECH-GEIC software was utilized for programming and effectuation of the teaching program, which training consisted on four phases: 1. simple discrimination between pictures 2. simple discrimination between printed words, 3. conditional discrimination between pictures with onomatopoeic auditory model. 4 conditional discrimination between printed words with onomatopoeic auditory model. Results pointed that there was a higher number of repetitions and errors in the conditional discriminations condition. There was evidence of formation of stimuli equivalence classes for all or some classes of stimuli for all participants in the experimental group. The average percentage of correct selections on symmetry and transitivity tests evaluated by BC and CB matching performances was substantially higher in post-test (CB = 81.3%, BC = 72%) compared to pre-test (CB = 45.8 % BC = 40.4%), and this difference was statistically significant (Wilcoxon Z =- 2.197, p <0.028 (BC) Z =- 2.366, p <0.018 (CB)). Reading of the training words for this group increased from a correct average percentage of 2.3% at pre-test to 53.57% at post-test (Wilcoxon Z =- 2.371, p <0.018). There were no statistical significant differences in performance between control and experimental groups at pre-tests (Mann-Whitney U), however, the experimental group, at post-tests, scored significantly higher in comparison to the control group at AC (U = 1 , 0, p <0.001), BC (U = 2.0, p <0.002), CB (U = 6, p <0.017), CC (U = 10.0, p <0.043), CRCCs (U = 8 , 0, p <0.038) relations and naming of training words (U = 0.5, p <0.001). Neither group presented generalized reading. By starting from a simple discrimination training prior to conditional discrimination, the procedure has created a situation of complexity teaching from simple to more elaborate repertories. The use of specific reinforcers may have assisted the emergence of untrained repertoires, such as AC, BC, CB relations and reading. The performance on equivalence tests and reading of some stimuli may have been hampered by multiple similarities between some written words and absence of auditory model in training phases, since onomatopoeic sounds were used as models in situations of conditional discriminations.
Secagem de resíduos cítricos em secador rotativo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-03)
Perazzini, Hugo
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Freire, José Teixeira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2270677706718167
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2676311547535414
In this present work, an experimental study about simultaneous heat and mass transfer phenomena was carried out during the drying process of citric solid waste in a direct-heat contact semi-pilot rotary dryer, operating with continuous feed of solids. The drying experiments consisted of obtaining humidity and temperature data as function of time for the solid and gaseous phases, evaluating the influence of the operational variables of the process. The material characterization was studied in relation to the apparent and real specific masses, porosity, specific heat and hygroscopicity. The last one was determined by thermodynamic equilibrium conditions and by the thin-layer drying kinetics of the solid waste in a fixed bed dryer. In parallel, a two-phase mathematical model of lumped parameters was developed based on macroscopic balances of mass and energy for the solid and for the drying air. The differential algebraic system was solved numerically using a computer routine developed in MatLab®, where the drying process was simulated taking into consideration the particle residence time distribution inside the dryer. The comparison between the predicted and observed results showed that the model needs some improvement, but permits a preliminary qualitative analysis of the drying process.