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Estudo da cinética e do equilíbrio da adsorção da cefamicina C em resina de troca iônica e simulação do processo contínuo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-01) Rodriguez, Guilherme Youssef; Pasotto, Marlei Barboza; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3444129592454266
The cephamycin C (CefC) is a beta-lactam antibiotic produced from submerged and aerated cultures of Streptomyces clavuligerus. Acts as inhibitor of cell wall formation of Gram-negative bacteria and is resistant to the hydrolytic action of betalactamases enzymes. The literature presents few scientific results published regarding the purification of CefC, and the information is restricted to international patents. The first results regarding the production and purification of CefC are being released by the research group in Biochemical Engineering from the DEQ/UFSCar, in national and international conferences. Thus, given the importance of CefC, indispensable researches are needed particularly regarding the process of extraction and purification. In this work kinetics and equilibrium mathematical models were proposed to the adsorption of CefC on StreamLine QX-L ion exchange resin. Through experimental batch assays, the effects of pH (2.8, 4.7 and 6.8) and temperature (13°C, 20°C and 30°C) were studied, analyzing the intrinsic parameters calculated by nonlinear regression. The CARE model was adopted for continuous process and material balances were performed at each control surface. These balance equations were generated considering the models proposed in the batch tests. The general objective of this work is the simulation and optimization of the continuous process, applied to CefC. The simulations were carried both in transient and permanent modes. Steady state was optimized on performance parameters concentration factor (CF), purification factor (PF), efficiency (η) and productivity (σ), taking the system flows as independent variables. The numeric method adopted was the Sequential Quadratic Programing (SQP). It was found that the StreamLine QX-L resin adsorbs CefC around 0.25 mg/g, although higher values can be achieved with higher initial concentrations at pH 4.7. The best condition found was at pH 6.8 at 30°C, since it provides a reasonable maximum adsorption capacity without substantial affinity adsorbent-adsorbate loss. The batch models proposed agree with the tendency observed experimentally and the continuous process was simulated and optimized in the best condition. The calculations showed that it is possible to concentrate the CefC and operate the system in high yields, although these events do not occur concurrently.
A graduação em Fisioterapia no contexto da formação de profissionais para o sistema de saúde no Brasil : um olhar sobre o curso da Universidade Federal de São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-01) Almeida, Aline Barreto de; Silva, Geovani Gurgel Aciole da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6146469366214279; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9965335072268661
The aim of this study is contribute to knowledge production in Physiotherapy Graduation field according to the recent health professional preparation policies and indentifies the suitable strategic planning in order to insert the professionals in this local context. Therewith, studies about Physiotherapy professional preparation at the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) was performed, relating its history face to the trajectory of public health policies and the current training of health workers for Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). This investigation keeps a single and qualitative feature, and it is also in process. Therefore, directed interviews were conducted individually with professors of the Physiotherapy course and focused groups with students. The data collection was made by the course coordinator, the head of department, nine teachers and thirty- two students. Furthermore, it was used as a technique of research, documentaries and observation with daily field reports. The analysis used the dialectic-hermeneutic approach, based on six categories: political and pedagogical project, pedagogical approach, practice settings, teacher capacity, labor world and the construction of switches. As a result, it was found that the recent history of this studied course portrays a lack of effective participation in discussions and actions in face of the Health Care Reform and the construction of SUS, which produced a gap between physical therapy and public health. While the discussions of policies for training health professionals were directed to an expansion of activity with the SUS approximation, the Physiotherapy preferred scientific investigation as propulsion for its recognition. Current policies to encourage new practices and curricular changes, which we can branch the National Curriculum Guide; have produced interesting effects on the course, providing an effective teachers preparation and the inclusion of students in the health town network. We conclude that the journey since the collection to data analysis of training methods in physiotherapy course at UFSCar added to the literature about the significance of changes on the way to provide greater proximity to health needs and the SUS. The thematic of Physiotherapy preparation is still an incipient subject. It is important consider the efforts of those who learn with it is new and make changes as a result of hard work and long battles, from the opening and meetings of presidential scenarios, from the new networking assembled and thoughtful discussions among various stakeholders within and outside the university.
Padrão temporal e espacial das mudanças de usos da terra e cenários para a conservação da biodiversidade regional do município de São Félix do Araguaia, MT
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-01) Santos, Roseli Machado dos; Santos, José Eduardo dos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8533387365058570; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9339465247386683
There is an increase need for remote sensing data and associated analysis techniques in detecting and monitoring landscape change, particularly for resource management and planning. Information derived from remote sensing spatial data landscape has often been used to assist in the formulation of policies and provide insight into land-use patterns. To understanding human disturbance regimes for developing conservation and ecosystem management plan and for targeting ecological areas that define scarce ecosystems services this study has provided a landscape structure digital database at scales of observations that meet.various mapping criteria (geology, geomorphology, pedology, climate unit, hydrography, hypsometry, road net, legally protected areas, settlements and land-use dynamics of the São Félix Araguaia municipality (MT, Brazil). The monitoring land-use dynamics for characterizing anthropogenic and natural surfaces was based on the use of the Systems of Geographical Information and image LandSat 5 TM. The pattern of land-use reflects the outcomes of more than one human process; for instance, cropland, pastureland and settlements expansion. Natural vegetation was the most abundant land use type, occupying 77,26% of the municipal district total area in 1990, decreasing to 58,86% in 2009. Following forest, agricultural activity antropica was the next most abundant land class type with 21,17% of the total area in 1990 and 39,17% in 2009. A class on non-agricultural human activity (roads and urbanized area) value was incipient throughout the period (0,42% of the total area in 1990 and only 0,68% in 2009), evidencing that the landscape changes are not influenced by the urban growth. These temporal changes were interpreted as resulting from regional development actions related to agricultural expansion based on intensive methods. Regional and municipal planners require up-todate information related to a digital database to effectively manage land development and plan for change.
Problemas taxonômicos da família Threskiornithidae: filogenia molecular e o caso de Eudocimus
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-01) Malaver, Jorge Luis Ramirez; Del Lama, Sílvia Nassif; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7893772074091604; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3073682959497475
The family Threskiornithidae includes 13 genera and 32 species, but the relationships among genera, species or subspecies have been little studied. This family is traditionally divided into two subfamilies: Plataleinae and Threskiornithinae. One of the more interesting taxonomical questions within this group is the case of the species Eudocimus ruber and Eudocimus albus. They are usually considered as separate species, but they show similar behavior and there are also records of hybridization in nature. This study aims to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships within the family Threskiornithidae as well as assess the level of genetic differentiation between Eudocimus albus and E. rubber, using mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences. DNA was extracted from blood and tissue samples from 13 species of Threskiornithidae (seven genera) and two outgroups. For the Eudocimus study were extracted 10 individuals of each species. We sequenced the 16S rRNA and the intron 7 of β- Fibrinogen for all species. For Eudocimus Cytochrome B, Cytochrome Oxidase I, intron 11 of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Desidrogenase, intron 4 of the Myelin Proteolipid Protein and intron 2 of Myoglobin were also sequenced. Sequences for other five species of the family were obtained from GenBank. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using Neighbor-Joining, Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood, Bayesian inference and Bayesian inference of species tree. Networks and genetic distances were determined for Eudocimus haplotypes. Several approaches for species delimitation using multilocus data were applied. All analyses strongly supported the family Threskiornithidae (18 species) as a monophyletic group. However, the current classification of two subfamilies was not supported by our data: Plataleinae formed a monophyletic group, but nested within Threskiornithinae (a paraphyletic group). Tests of monophyly rejected the hypothesis of monophyly of Threskiornithinae. The family Threskiornithidae also showed a division into two groups: one with only genera endemic to the American continent (Theristicus and Eudocimus) and another with the remaining species. Within the latter clade, species of genus Plegadis are observed in a basal position, while subfamily Plataleinae was grouped with the remaining species. This pattern of species distribution suggests an initial Gondwana division and subsequent colonization by species from the Old to the New World. The divergence within the family was estimated at 35-40 million years, which is before the separation between America and Antarctica. Mitochondrial genetic analysis showed Eudocimus species as two different lineages. Multilocus analysis based on nuclear genes revealed a strong signal of speciation despite the polyphyly found in three of the four markers.
Desenvolvimento de hidrotalcitas de Ni-Mg-Al como recursores na formação de oxidos mistos e suas aplicações em processos catalíticos de reforma de metano com CO2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-01) Carantón, Alberth Renne González; Assaf, José Mansur; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9563312407691130
In this work were prepared hydrotalcites (LDHs - Layered Double Hydroxides) Ni-Mg-Al to be used as precursors in the preparation of mixed oxides Ni-Mg-Al. The effect of incorporation of the particles, the calcination temperature and nickel content were the variables chosen in order to observe the influence of factors such as degree of dispersion, textural properties, crystal structure and catalytic activity in the reaction reforming of methane with CO2. LDHs stable of Ni-Mg-Al were prepared by sol-gel method. The incorporation of nickel particles was done by drip consecutive solutions of nickel acetate tetrahydrate in ethanol after the network formation of Mg-Al by intercalation and ion exchange of the LDHs of Mg-Al with solution of complex of Ni+2(EDTA )-2. The calcination was studied by keeping a constant heating rate (5°C/min) And making changes in the temperature levels of 500 and 650°C, respectively. Were chosen for three levels of nickel with respect to the percentage of total mass in LHDs. After the incorporation of nickel particles, gels were dried and calcined to form the mixed oxide Ni-Mg-Al, in case of direct incorporation in alcoholic medium, the gel obtained was aged for 18 hours, dried at 70 ° C for 24 hours, calcined for 5 hours and stored. In the case of LDHs obtained by ion exchange, the Mg-Al gel was aged for 18 hours to complete the hydrolysis by addition of stoichiometric amounts of water. Finally, the gel was dried at 80 ° C, resulting in the Mg-Al LDHs. The incorporation of nickel occurred adding the hydrotalcite to complex solution of Ni+2(EDTA)-2 with high agitation and at room temperature for 24 hours, allowing the ion exchange. The gel was centrifuged at 150 rpm, washed and dried 70 ° C for 24 hours and calcined for 16 hours. The samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction (EDX), physisorption BET with nitrogen, X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), desorption of hydrogen temperatureprogrammed (TPD), temperature programmed oxidation (TPO) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The catalysts were applied to methane reforming with CO2. The distribution of products and parameters such as conversion, yield and H2/CO ratio were made measuring in catalyst stability iv tests kinetic parameters with respect to time. Some catalysts were tested in extreme conditions of deposition of coke in order to investigate the deposition and the effect of variables in your control. Met the requirements for proper preparation and activation of these oxides as a function of stability observed in the catalytic reforming reaction of methane with CO2 and control the deposition of coke. The characterization results, together with the results of catalytic tests support the idea that the catalytic activity, stability and control in the deposition strongly depend on the steps of incorporation of nickel particles on the network, which are influenced by the particle content, degree of sintering and type of interactions between the structure Mg-Al and Ní+2.
Formação de coalizões, apoio legislativo e atuação partidária no presidencialismo brasileiro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-01) Pasquarelli, Bruno Vicente Lippe; Braga, Maria do Socorro Sousa; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2311094074614215; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0598322092154820
The interaction between the Executive and the Legislative in the Brazilian presidential system has been ruled by two antagonistic approaches. The first one examines that the relations between both powers would be ruled by confronting each other and by irreconcilable interests. This is because a combination of the presidential system, multipartidarism, open-list proportional representation system and federalism would induce to the formation of a clientelistic Congress, which would be undisciplined and dominated by weak political parties. The second perspective reinforces the high level of cooperation in the relations between those powers due to the centralization which rules the legislative work, and due to the executive and the partisan leaders´ preponderance in the ruling process, allowing the establishment of an enduring coalition. From these considerations, this study analyzes how the Brazilian presidential system was run during Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva government (2003-2010) by two main aspects: firstly, the notable cooperation between the Executive and the Legislative powers visualized in the formation of coalitions, in the allocation of ministry positions and in the election for the main legislative positions, such as the presidencies of the House of Representatives, Federal Senate and Permanent Committees; and, secondly, the evident participation of the political parties of the situation and the opposition through reports by the legislators of the National Congress Committees, as well as the action throughout amendments and replacements. Thus, it has been proved that Lula government was supported by enduring and disciplined coalitions which, then, had the main executive and legislative positions. Furthermore, it has been verified that the Legislative power does not ratify all the propositions derived from the Executive power, because it has actuated in the committees by altering them. Consequently, cooperation was constant in the ruling process, but the negotiation and conflict were also indispensable factors for a better performance of the system official duties.
Desenvolvimento, resiliência e conexões transescalares em regiões rurais : estudo do Vale do Ribeira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-01) Jankowsky, Mayra; Nordi, Nivaldo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8168865557947289; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9106050537260893
Ensure development and social equity together with the continuity of ecosystem services is part of the global challenge. Especially if the population grows, the expansion of the intensive agriculture and the diminished the capacity of global ecosystems to sustain regulatory and provision services was considered. More than ever, changes and relations between local and global scale, and their consequences on the social ecological systems have to be analyzed. Therefore, understanding dynamics of land use has been the focus of much research. Smallholders and regional development have gained attention in this context. This study was made in the theory of resilience and territorial development to understand the Ribeira Valley territory. Ribeira Valley is a rural region, hot spot to conservation with cultural diversity. However, it still has a low HDI and difficulties of implementing public policies for it development. For this research, we used open interviews, interviews, interviews with stakeholders, future scenarios workshops between the years 2007 and 2010. Initially, we mapped the main productivity activities in the region. These were studied in detail to assess resilience of these activities and how they relate to territorial development. Diagrams were used to facilitate understanding of the relationship between society and natural resources. The results show the importance of across scale connections and drivers interference in the region. Those interferences resulted in different adaptive strategies all based on natural capital. When evaluated resiliency with multiple criteria, it is clear that the lack of social capital is responsible for the difficulty of building resilience in region. This difficulty can be compounded by loss of regulatory and support ecosystem services. Thus, even region is characterized as a multifunctional landscape, and therefore prone to sustainability, is need building resilience. Some of their productive activities are not resilient, pointing to need to manage them. However, policies are not focused on these missing points. We conclude that the strengthening of social capital for collective action and governance is essential, beyond the conservation of natural capital. This will not only be at risk in some activities, but as the basis for all productive activities. So is need building institutions capable of dealing with social and ecological issues at different scales. Territorial development has to contribute to increasing the social and natural capital.
Diversidade de macrófitas aquáticas em áreas úmidas do Parque Nacional da Lagoa do Peixe, Rio Grande do Sul
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-03-01) Rolon, Ana Silvia; Rocha, Odete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7540002835263478
The Lagoa do Peixe National Park is an important conservation unity, aiming to protect the wetlands, one of the most endangered type of ecosystem in the world. In Southern Brazil around 90% of the wetlands were already lost. The protected ecosystems in the park are ernationally important for biodiversity conservation and it is the unique Ramsar site in Southern Brazil. The existence of areas invaded by Pinus eliotti and the artificial breaching of the lagoon sandbar are severe problems that can threaten the biodiversity in this preservation area. The goal of this study was to evaluate the diversity of aquatic macrophyte present in the park and test some ecological hypothesis about the community diversity of aquatic macrophyte in natural areas and areas under influence of the main problems of the park (pine invasion and the sandbar breaching). To answer this questions a survey was conducted in 32 wetlands situated inside the park between 2007 and 2009. We identified 176 aquatic macrophyte species in the palustrine wetlands of the park. The aquatic macrophyte richness and composition in coastal wetlands are directly related to the isolation degree of these wetlands in relation to the source wetland and other closer wetlands. The wetland area was not a significant factor for the spatial structure of the aquatic macrophyte community. Other determinant factors for the community were habitat diversity and hydroperiod. The influence of those environmental characteristics was different among the macrophyte groups defined as: hydrophytes, palustrine, and amphibious. The presence of pine resulted in a decrease in macrophyte richness, and the species composition in this area is, in a general way, a subset of the species found in natural wetlands. The artificial sandbar breaching did not affect the richness of aquatic macrophytes in the floodplain wetlands of Lagoa do Peixe. However, in this areas affected by the sandbar breaching, the community composition 4 was characterized by a pattern of continuous species replacement during the two-year study. These results provide important information for wetland management in the park.