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Variação genética de uma população cativa de Mutum-do- Sudeste (Crax blumenbachii Spix, 1825) (Aves: Cracidae) como subsídio para manejo e conservação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-06) Diegues, Savana; Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7398754661670478; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5623321124104093
The biodiversity conservation is necessary for the natural ecosystems maintenance and their ecological interactions. The loss of species by human actions, which has been accentuated over the last decades, must be minimized and the search for its conservation is necessary. The endangered species of fauna require efforts for a proper management and the maintenance of genetic diversity is essential to the management success. The Cracid birds are an important group to the maintenance and regeneration of the ecosystems where they live. Thus, support studies to analyze the genetic diversity of these animals are critical for an appropriate management in captivity and wild life. Microsatellites are molecular markers for genetic diversity analyzes widely used and they have advantages over other methods, however, they are specific and they need to be isolated for each species in research. Therefore, microsatellites were prospected to Crax blumenbachii, an endangered type of cracid, validating them and supplying researches for their genetic diversity in search of biodiversity conservation. These markers have been used to analyze the genetic variation and the kinship degree of a captivity population of southeastern curassows from Poços de Caldas/MG breeding site. The results show a number of alleles per locus from two to four, the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.35 to 0.70 and the observed one ranged from 0.41 to 1.0, which do not have a significant difference. Based on the found PIC values none locus is considered uninformative. The PID, considering all the loci, was 2.46 x 10-7 which means that the loci, characterized together, present a good resolution to individual identification. All the polymorphic loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and it was not found significant linkage disequilibrium among any loci pair. It was found no evidence of a recent population bottleneck. The FIS results do not indicate neither excess nor heterozygote deficit at the analyzed loci, implying that the captive management and breeding are being planned properly. With the obtained data from the kinship analyzes it was possible proposing not related couples to reproduction which would maximize the captive population s genetic variability. The developed molecular markers in this research proved to be a good tool for genetic variation assessing of the captive population of the studied species and they supply genetic researches to maximize the management efficiency for cracid birds conservation.
A contribuição da sistematização de experiências para o fortalecimento do campo agroecológico e da agricultura familiar no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-06) Sanches, Cinara Del'Arco; Abreu, Lucimar Santiago de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7025928931374268
Despite all the advances, Brazil remains under the governmental politics orientation. This framework strengthens the support to agribusiness and agroindustrial sector, which leads to exportation, especially the agrochemicals dependent crops. This has contributed for the increase of the land concentration and the extension of agricultural borders. In this context the Agroecology emerges as a scientific proposal and delineates a set of actions and strategies that especially base the new paradigm of agricultural development demanded for familiar agriculture. The confrontation of the hegemonic model of production and consumption takes place in a playing field in society, which is primarily political. The increase of the agroecological experiences allows greater visibility and forges the creation of a socio-political environment conducive to networks and increasing connectivity between the networks and alliances, that fulfill the role to interchange the experiences and to actively participate of public spaces of debate and construction on the agricultural development. From this perspective, the systematization of experiences can help addressing the challenges of today therefore representing a strategy. That strategy analyzes critically the experiences in course and allows the sharing of the learning extracted during the process. For its strategic character, the systematization has been gaining space among civil society organizations and social movements even though still timidly. This research intends to develop the understanding of the relevance of the systematization of experiences, especially those facilitated by civil society organizations to strengthen the agroecological field and familiar agriculture. To this end, it revises the concepts Agroecology, Familiar Agriculture and Systematization, then it composes a method and systemizes the experience in the Policulture in semi-arid region Project, describing the main learning generated during and after initiative.