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Uso e manejo adaptativo dos recursos pesqueiros por comunidades tradicionais do rio Cuiabá, Pantanal - MT
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-13)
Ferraz, Luciana
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Silva, Carolina Joana da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5253872582067659
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4757316911689265
The present work was developed in the Middle Cuiabá River, Pantanal of Mato Grosso, as the objective to describe the type of fishing on traditional fishing communities relating to traditional ecological knowledge (CET) of artisanal fishermen, characterizing and analyzing the use and adaptive management of fishery resources the survey was conducted in the fishing communities of Bonsucesso, Sucuri and Barranco Alto.Para research were developed surveys the field and guided tours of the communities and fishing spots. snowball methods were used, open interviews, semi-structured and free list of technical questionnaire, for data analysis were used analysis Speeches, similarity analysis by Smith index, consensus analysis, scheduling multidimenciona by Antropac program and analysis of networks social Ulcinet the program. The results demosntram that fishermen have traditional ecological knowledge robust due to know, identify and use directly and indirectly on artisanal fishing practice 74 species of fish in the Pantanal, aimed at maintaining the fishing activity of subsistence and comercialização.A information obtained from this survey demonstrate the historical, generational and economic link between fishermen and link these with the floodable ecosystem that use, live and handle over gerações.Essas information is translated by the adaptability of the artisanal fisherman, due to observations and ecological experiments conducted by them, this knowledge produces a diversity of practices and fisheries strategies, conditions territoriality among fishermen, guaranteeing adapted fisheries management environmental conditions imposed by the river flood pulse Cuiabá.As pressures fisherfolk occur frequently in the Cuiabá river and Pantanal of Mato Grosso, originating from the market and the government, through institutions such as legislation and coercive surveillance, which are operationalized more rigid and threatening forms of traditional fishing communities. From this study it was concluded that the CTE of the artisanal fisherman is reliable with respect to the diversity of fish in the river Cuiaba, this knowledge and know-how systematic is informative to generate basic data on biology and ecology of fish categories, locally managed in fishing as the Cuiabá river flood pulse in the Pantanal and neglected by fisheries managers in Mato Grosso.
O rap e suas ressignificações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-13)
Teodósio, Marcela Dias
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Barbosa, Lúcia Maria de Assunção
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5030878430187815
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1697979962665916
z This study aims to analyze the linguistic practices by hip hop young activists, specially, through the artistic expression of the rap, conceived as the most expressive face of the movement, where the young people use a specific language to referring to the problems related to the daily routine of the suburbs. Among them, may be cited, violence, the poverty, unemployment and the failures in the government. To accomplish the proposed research, the main themes presented in the rap lyrics were selected, and, later, the semantic fields concerning the same themes, composed from the following lexical units, mother, suburbs, slums, ghettos, politics, hip hop and school were elaborated. From the elaboration of these semantic fields, it was possible to observe how such units are described in accordance with three dictionaries from different typologies, O Mini Houaiss Dicionário de Língua Portuguesa, o Dicionário Aurélio e o Dicionário de Usos do Português, in comparison with the meanings proposes in the rap lyrics, to verify the maintenance occurrence or removal, according to the relation of the sense of the words.
Educação científica e cidadania: as diferentes concepções e funções do conceito de cidadania nas pesquisas em Educação em Ciências
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-15)
Toti, Frederico Augusto
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Pierson, Alice Helena Campos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5154949759339458
The participating citizenship so central to the goals proclaimed Science Education in the 21 th century. However, there are different conceptions of its meaning and different relations between Science Education and citizenship, not always reconcilable. Despite this, little is clear about the ideas related to citizenship in the research papers in Science Education. Through a survey of theoretical and literature based on elements of Sociology, are characterized these different conceptions of citizenship and functions of the relations between Science Education and citizenship, from articles published in periodicals of international circulation, the area of Science Education. The results lead to significant debates about the relationship between Science Education and citizenship. The functions of these relationships, we analyzed papers seized, have common elements despite presenting itself in different conceptions of citizenship. The analysis suggests that the papers are reflected in four core ideas that currently influence the Science Education in the context of citizenship. These core ideas have been characterized and named: the emergence of a citizenship impulse; emergence of a cognitive impulse; emergence of environmental issues, the emergence of multicultural issues.
Fisioterapia respiratória em cirurgia bariátrica: procedimentos de avaliação e intervenção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-16)
Moulim, Marcela Cangussu Barbalho
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Costa, Dirceu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6474585165880832
Obesity, considered a worldwide epidemic, causes serious damage to health, especially to the respiratory function. These changes are caused by the extra adipose tissue in the chest wall and abdominal cavity of obese patients, which impairs the movement of the diaphragm and compress the lungs. In view of the limitations of conservative treatments, surgical interventions have been recommended as treatment of choice. This procedure can be carried out by laparoscopy or laparotomy (open). Because the pulmonary function is already in a compromised state before the operation in obese individuals, the choice for the surgical procedure to be used should consider the impact on respiration, thereby reducing the risk of developing postoperative pulmonary complications. Thus, the goal of the first study was to compare the effect on lung function and on pain of bariatric surgery performed by laparoscopy and laparotomy. Participated in this study 26 obese women who underwent bariatric surgery by laparoscopy (LG, n = 13) or laparotomy (OG, n = 13). The respiratory evaluation was performed in the preoperative period and on the second postoperative day by spirometry and other tests that evaluated respiratory muscle strength and diaphragmatic mobility. Pain was assessed by visual analogue scale on the second postoperative day. The results indicate that although there was no difference in the incidence of pulmonary complications and hospital stay between the groups, bariatric surgery performed by laparoscopy caused less pain and less impairment of pulmonary function in the postoperative period. Knowing the degree of impairment of pulmonary function in the postoperative period of bariatric surgery, especially by lapartomy, some strategies have been studied in order to attenuate these changes, such as preoperative inspiratory muscle training (IMT). Therefore, the objective of the second study was to determine whether the preoperative IMT in open bariatric surgery, is able to mitigate the impact of surgical trauma on muscle strength, in lung volumes and diaphragmatic mobility. We evaluated 32 obese women who underwent open bariatric surgery and randomized into two groups: one group that underwent preoperative IMT (IMT group - n = 15) or who received only conventional treatment (control group - n = 17). Tests were conducted to evaluate the respiratory muscle strength, lung volume and diaphragmatic excursion before the training period, after the training period and the first postoperative day. According to the results, could be verified that preoperative IMT improves inspiratory muscle strength (MIP) and attenuates the negative impact of open bariatric surgery to this variable, although it seems not to influence the MEP, the lung volume and diaphragmatic excursion. Additionally, studies have suggested that weight loss can reverse many changes in lung function caused by obesity. Therefore, in the third and final study, we evaluated the lung function of some patients (n = 14) of first and second study, sedentary, 1 year after bariatric surgery by means of spirometry and respiratory muscle strength tests. From the results we found that weight loss induced by bariatric surgery provides an improvement in ventilatory mechanics, increased lung volumes and respiratory endurance (MVV). However, there was also a reduction in respiratory muscle strength, probably caused by loss of lean body mass and reducing the burden breathing after weight loss.
Projeto de superestruturas de pontes de concreto protendido aplicando a técnica de balanços progressivos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-16)
Lima, Vanessa dos Santos
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Carvalho, Roberto Chust
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3633394168236221
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5099583275596724
This dissertation deals with main considerations on design of bridge superstructures, applying the cantilever balanced technique, bringing a procedure to be followed during pre-dimensioning this type of bridge. Presents the literature review used as the basis to dissertation, with the theories already studied on the subject. Based on these studies is drawn up the roadmap, involving the step of choosing the geometry, defining the structural scheme, the calculation of structural strain, calculating the losses of prestress, predimensioning of the prestressing steel considering the ultimate limit state and the service limit state, evaluation of the moment of closure and some important items for the detail section with steel. A numerical example is solved to illustrate the use of the concepts presented throughout the dissertation. Ends with considerations on the results obtained in the example and work and presents suggestions for future work.
Caracterização de quatro espécies de quebra-pedra utilizando cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência hifenada a espectrometria de massa em múltiplos estágios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-18)
Sprenger, Ricardo da Fontoura
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Cass, Quezia Bezerra
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9197210255594409
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0974948816384258
This work presents the results of the use of High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry in the chemical differentiation/characterization of aqueous extracts of plant samples of the genus Phyllanthus, commonly named as "stone braker". The species studied were P. amarus, P. stipulatus, P. niruri and P. tenellus. For medical purposes, the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia recognizes only P. niruri and P. tenellus. Samples of the plants used were grown and collected on the campus of Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar). The goal of the work here reported was to compare the four species through the characterization of secondary metabolites. Structural characterization of secondary metabolites was achieved by interpretation of fragmentation data obtained in the online experiments of MS/MS and MS3using ion trap mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source in positive and negative mode of ionization. Several chemical compounds were elucidated; some of them presents in all four species while others were found in a single species, this work presents and discusses the results. Furthermore two compounds from the species of P. stipulatus were isolated by semi-preparative liquid chromatography. These two isolated compounds were fully characterized by mass spectrometry and NMR, as corilagin and quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, an unusual flavonol in natural products
Ditadura militar, esquerda armada e memória social no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-18)
Angelo, Vitor Amorim de
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Villa, Marco Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4045059477271704
The thesis discusses the relationship between the Brazilian s military dictatorship and the armed left in the years 1960-70 and its effects on the social memory about that period. The preparation of the 1964 coup and the structuring of the military regime are often attributed to the National Security Doctrine (DSN), which would have be the rational basis of the action and the thought of the Brazilian military. From this point of view, build an efficient information-repressive apparatus would result by the DSN s guidelines. However, as the thesis demonstrates, the armed left never represented a real threat to the dictatorship. Using precisely the guerrillas as a justification for the intensification of the regime, part of the Armed Forces tried to impose on other military trends. Later, when the social memory about the military period began to be built, the armed left appeared as responsible for the end of the dictatorship, when we know that the regime was the one who gained strength in the combating of guerrillas. The establishment, consolidation and reproduction of this and other myths about the old left armed occurred during the amnesty mobilization, in the late of the 1970 s, and the Diretas Já!, in the next decade, when the former guerrillas have been in contact with several sectors society that opposed the dictatorship and fought for the return of democracy.
Determinação simultânea de íons metálicos por meio de técnicas eletroanalíticas e quimiométricas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-19)
Farias, Marco Antonio dos Santos
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Souza, Ernesto Chaves Pereira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1505400360366643
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2589951282251863
In this work, the determination of three metallic ions was performed, namely Zn2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+, in very different concentration range, from _g/L until mg/L, using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry over Carbon Fiber electrode where a Mercury film was deposited. Initially a factorial design of 23 was built where all possible combination among the ion concentrations were contemplated and in this way all interactions among the metallic ions were measured. The voltammetric curve was mean centered before the chemometric analysis. After that, the data were analysed using Partial Least Squares in the Principal Components domain was the used to quantify the ion concentration. The data treatment has been validated using cross and external validation methods. The final results showed low precision in the validation compared to those methods commonly used in the literature. After the chemometric treatment realized at first group of samples, two more groups in an extended concentration range, were built and tested using the same methodology. In these cases, again, the data validation lead to a low precision for practical application. It is important to emphasize that the low precision in the validation does not mean a chemotric approach to analyse electroanalytical data is not adequate, instead it means that among those chemometric technique, in the dissertation, we chose an inadequate one.
Geometria e simetrias do emaranhamento
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-20)
Braga, Helena Carolina
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Mizrahi, Salomon Sylvain
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8143137168199991
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0645038758843485
In the present work we present a geometric method to identify and measure the degree of entanglement of a two-qubit state. It is based on writing a map of the system state, from a non-unitary transformation. By introducing new parameters for such 4X4 matrix, the product of eigenvalues, two by two, acquire the form of squared 4D distances, having a Minkowski metric. If the squared distance is of the kind timelike, i.e.non-negative, the two-qubit system is separable. Otherwise, if it is spacelike, namely, the squared distance is negative, the two qubits are entangled. Besides being invariant by unitary transformations on the system state, the distances can be represented in a hyperbolic parameterized phase space, allowing a suitable graphic representation, i. e., in a phase space where the system trajectories can be drawn. The method is extended to a large class of 4x4 positive matrices having at most seven independent parameters, the D-7 manifold class. Using group theory methods we classify these states according to the symmetries of seven generators, where one of them commutes with the others. We illustrate the method and the theory by presenting several two-qubit systems found in the literature. We also study the symmetry breaking and the criticality in two-qubit Heisenberg Models, looking for signatures of quantum phase transitions in terms of the squared distances as well as in its derivatives.
Processo de adaptação de trabalhadores com deficiência intelectual em trabalho competitivo com suporte natural
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-23)
Sartori, Juliana Ribas
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Almeida, Maria Amélia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1599718893031259
The social inclusion of people with intellectual disability becomes reality as they start occupying public spaces and do activities common to all people. In this sense, working is an important factor of social inclusion. Several legal mechanisms have been developed to help the access and permanence of people with disability into work force, such as the Quota Law and the determination of support to facilitate their adaptation. However problems related to education, prejudice and difficulty in having the necessary adjustments have been shown to be major obstacles when it comes to the fulfillment of the right of people with disability to be accepted into a job. The objective of this study was to analyze the process of adaptation of people with intellectual disability in situations of competitive labor through the use of natural support. Therefore two young people with intellectual disability were placed in competitive employment in an agricultural company, working as production assistants. Each of these young people received support from a coworker, who participated in one training to teach people with intellectual disability. Evaluations were performed before and after the training, aiming to identify changes in the work performance of colleagues in relation to teaching tasks and the impact of these changes in work performance of employees with intellectual disability. It was observed that the instructions provided by coworkers were sufficient for the employees with intellectual disability to adequately perform their work. They quickly learned and did activities with quality and skill, and showed other behaviors consistent with the work situation, such as punctuality, persistence and commitment to the activities. However, there were some behaviors that brought difficulty to their adaptation, such as social skills deficits. Some characteristics of company functioning, such as the requirement of productivity and lack of flexibility of time to adjust to the working conditions, as well as prejudice against people with intellectual disability were identified as hindering aspects of the inclusion of persons with disability in the workplace. The data obtained in this study pointed to the potential participation of colleagues in the adaptation of people with intellectual disability to work, and conducting training to make these colleagues able to play the role of coaches. It was concluded that for the inclusion of people with intellectual disability in a work situation be possible, it is necessary a larger change, involving employers, employees without disability, and persons with disability.
Crescimento, hematologia e metabolismo de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) submetido ao exercício aeróbico e alimentado com níveis crescentes de proteínas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-24)
Nunes, Cleujosí da Silva
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Moraes, Gilberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4427903557163246
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9835844193090407
The composition of the diet, the metabolic adaptations and variations in the activity of the fish are the main factors responsible for seasonal changes in physiological variables. It is known that aerobic exercise can improve the fish growth due to: the enhancement of feed conversion, reduced dominance, increased protein synthesis and lipid and glucose catabolism. The diet must satisfy the nutritional requirements of each species. Knowledge of the appropriate protein level is critical because maximizes feed conversion efficiency, lowers costs and reduces the load of nutrients released to the aquatic ecosystem. In Brazil, the pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, is an important fish in aquaculture, especially for hardiness, fast growth, excellent meat quality. This species may respond to exercise with lower levels of protein catabolism and for directing them to growth. Thus, a balanced diet and a well established aerobic exercise protocol could promote better growth for pacu. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the combination of different levels of crude protein in the diet and sustained exercise in pacu through growth performance, hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indexes, metabolic and hematological parameters. The experiment followed a completely randomized 2 x 3 factorial arrangement, consisting of two swimming activities (exercised-E, non-exercising) and three levels of dietary protein percentage (24, 28 and 32). The pacu exercised and fed 24 % crude protein (CP) showed better growth. The hematologic variables were responsive to nutritional status and exercise. When comparing the exercised groups all together, it was observed that the high levels of CP in the diet increased protein catabolism and lipogenesis in the liver and white muscle and lipid catabolism in red muscle. High levels of CP in the diet of non-exercised pacu increased protein catabolism in white muscle and lipogenesis in the liver. Sustained swimming activity increased the use of liver glycogen at all levels of protein studied, and protein anabolism and lipogenesis in pacu fed higher-protein diet. Based on the responses obtained in this study we can infer that for exercised pacu, the appropriate level of protein in the diet is 24 % of crude protein and levels above that promote the use of protein as an energy source.
Modernidade e iluminismo na ciência crítica de Max Weber
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-26)
Campos, Daniel Vasconcelos
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Maar, Wolfgang Leo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8746615407370574
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2585249817969838
Modificação por nitretação a plasma das superfícies dos aços AISI-4140, AISI-420C e DIN16MnCr5
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-26)
Zambon, Marcel Fabiano
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Nascente, Pedro Augusto de Paula
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1387043320265189
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6619889420170234
Plasma nitriding is a surface modification technique used for improving hardness, wear resistance, and fatigue. In this work, samples of AISI-4140, DIN16MnCr, and AISI-420C steels were heat treated, forming martensitic structures, and then were submitted to plasma nitriding for 5 hours at 400, 450, and 500oC, under a hydrogen and nitrogen gas mixture having a pressure of 5 mbar. The samples were characterized by hardness tests, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. There has been an increase in surface hardness as expected from the literature. The rise of nitriding temperature produced an increase in the surface layers thickness. The results obtained show a compact layer composed of Fe4N nitrides and CrN nitrides, identified by X-ray diffraction, characterizing the hardness. With these nitriding temperatures, there was a decrease in hardness caused by the annealing.
Avaliação de respostas metabólicas e de imunidade inata em pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus, Holmberg, 1887) alimentados com dietas suplementadas com vitamina E e submetidos à variação de temperatura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-26)
Barbosa, Lívia Maria Gruli
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Moraes, Gilberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4427903557163246
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9982600216105612
Demands for seafood are growing in the whole world and the fish farming industries are in frank development over the last decade. However, stressful conditions, which favor higher incidence of diseases and impair growth in fishes, are usually found in fish farming. Therefore, several studies are focused in the improvement of management to reduce stress and keep the animals healthy, reducing losses in farm production. The use of immunostimulants in the diets, such as vitamin E, has been suggested as an alternative to improve fish resistance to diseases under stressful conditions. Pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, is one of the main species from the Brazilian aquatic fauna and is of great importance in fish farming. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the metabolic responses and innate immunity of pacu fed with vitamin E supplemented diets and challenged to temperature variation. The experiment was conducted as a totally randomized design in a factorial scheme 3x3x2, with three levels of dietary vitamin E (0, 100 and 300 mg/kg), three sampling spans (0, 24 and 72h) and two temperature conditions (controlled and variable), with four replicates (tanks) per treatment. The main responses observed to cope with stress were 1) elevation of plasma cortisol in the animals subjected to temperature variation, independent of the concentration of vitamin E in the diet, 2) hyperglycemia only in the animals subjected to temperature variations and fed with not supplemented diets and 3) hyperlactemia in the fish subjected to temperature variation and fed with not supplemented and supplemented diets with 300 mg of vitamin E. Animals fed with diets supplemented with 100 mg of vitamin E and subjected to temperature variation depicted the highest percentage of granular leukocytes, the highest concentration of serum lysozyme and the highest activity of alternative complement pathway. There upon, supplementation with 100 mg of vitamin E seems to be the best one for this species under the studied conditions.
Número mínimo de indivíduos e diversidade genética de Onça-parda (Puma concolor) no Núcleo Santa Virgínia, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-27)
Martins, Niara
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Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8227849982052024
ABSTRACT The cougar (Puma concolor) is the second largest feline species in Brazil. It has a wide distribution across the Americas, occurring from southwestern Canada to the Strait of Magellan, in the extreme south of Argentina and Chile, throughout the Brazilian territory. In this study we estimated the minimum number of individuals and genetic diversity of cougars in the Santa Virginia Unit, Serra do Mar State Park (PESM), São Paulo, based on fecal DNA analysis. Hair snares were also used to an attempt to obtain more samples. For the diagnosis of the species, we amplified a 146bp fragment of the cytochrome b gene of mitochondrial DNA. We used six microsatellite loci for the fecal samples individualization, to estimate the minimum number of individuals and genetic characterization of the population. No hair sample was obtained during the study. Among the 40 fecal samples obtained, 34 were successfully diagnosed, and we found 25 samples of P. concolor, eight of Leopardus tigrinus and one of Leopardus pardalis. The multiloci genotypes were obtained for only 15 samples belonging to 12 different puma individuals. The allelic dropout average rate was 10.43%. The mean observed heterozygosity was 0.6202, lower than that found for the species in fragmented areas of Cerrado, in the northeastern São Paulo. There were deviations in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) for one locus and a deficit of heterozygous for the set loci used. However, there was no evidence of recent population bottleneck. Therefore, the deviation in HWE could be caused by the presence of null alleles or the low number of samples. Little relationship was found between individuals (6.1% Half-Sibs), indicating a possible continuous stream of cougars in the region. Thus, the PESM deserves special attention for being the largest continuous remnant of Brazilian Atlantic Forest and, therefore, similar studies are needed in the others Units of this Park so that together they can provide a more comprehensive view of the P. concolor situation in this biome.
O problema de Cauchy para a equação da onda cúbica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-27)
Farias, Marcos Alves de
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Santos Filho, José Ruidival Soares dos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6112529384454347
In this work, we study the result of global well-Posedness for the cubic wave equation @2 t u��_u+u3 = 0 in R_R3, where the Cauchy data is in the Sobolev space Hs(R3)_ Hs��1(R3) with 13 18 < s < 1. The proof is based on the work of T. Roy, [23], in this paper Roy propose a almost conservation law for the energy and from this he get a inequality that together with the local well-posedness theory proved by Lindbald and Sogge in [18] guarantee the global well-posedness for the problem.
Espécies de Eiphosoma Cresson, 1865 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cremastinae) em áreas de mata e cerrado da bacia hidrográfica do rio Mogi-Guaçu
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-27)
Melo, Ivy Frizo de
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Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
This work is a study of Eiphosoma s species. The sampling was done in areas of seasonal semidecidual forest and savanna in Mogi-Guaçu River Basin, aiming to increase knowledge about the taxonomy, geographical distribution, population structure, and the influence of seasonality in the occurrence of the species of this genre. Malaise traps were installed in ten fragments along the entire basin. We studied 217 specimens of Eiphosoma distributed in 25 species, among them we found five new records for Brazil - E. strontorium Gauld, 2000; E. kelpanum Gauld, 2000; E. macrum (Enderlein, 1921), E. henorum Gauld, 2000; E. cerfen Gauld, 2000, and also 11 possible new species. The most abundant species was E. macrum with 52% of total individuals, followed by E. laphygmae (13.8%) and Eiphosoma sp. n. 2 (14.2%) which have strong dominance in the places they occurred. In Minas Gerais the two most abundant and richest areas were Jacutinga with 31.8%, and Andradas with 30,6 % of total individuals, richness index was similar at both points, which showed 55.5% of all species (S=5).The municipality of Jacutinga also had the highest diversity index (H =1.21), but the highest equitability index was observed in Damázio district of Bom Repouso (J =0.91). In São Paulo, the fragment with highest abundance was the riparian area in the city of Luiz Antônio (E.E. Jataí) with 40.3% of total individuals. The highest richness index was observed in the fragment of Pontal with 65% of species collected throughout the state (S=13).The areas with highest diversity indexes were the legal reserve area of Usina Bela Vista in Pontal (H =1.73) and a fragment of cerrado on the Luiz Antônio (E.E. Jataí) (H =1.83), which also demonstrated the highest equitability index (J =0.88). We verified no significant correlation between total abundance and seasonality (Fr= 10,3 ; p = 0.32). Amongst main results we point out the description of eleven new species, an increase of information about the distribution of genus with the record of five species in Brazil and the better knowledge of patterns of species richness, diversity and equitability.
Recuperação de modelos de classes orientados a aspectos a partir de sistemas orientados a objetos usando refatorações de modelos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-27)
Parreira Júnior, Paulo Afonso
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Penteado, Rosângela Aparecida Dellosso
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4061946080136286
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4567261968633725
Aspect-Oriented Programming allows encapsulating the so-called "Crosscutting Concerns (CCC) - software requirements whose implementation is tangled and scattered throughout the functional modules - into new abstractions, such as Aspects, Pointcuts, Advices and Inter-type Declarations. The reengineering of an OO software to an AO is not an easy task due to the existence of different abstractions in these technologies. We develop a set of nine refactorings of annotated OO class models to AO class models. In the context of this work, "annotated class models" are UML class diagrams whose elements (classes, interfaces, attributes and methods) are annotated with stereotypes representing the existing CCC in the application source code. The set of refactorings developed is divided into: i) generic refactorings; and ii) specific refactorings. Three generic refactorings and six specific refactorings to the persistence (which is divided into management and connections, transaction and synchronization) and logging concerns and to the Singleton and Observer design patterns were created. The generic refactorings are responsible for transforming an annotated OO model with indications of CCC into a partial AO model. This model is called partial because it is usually not fully modularized, i.e., there are remaining software elements stereotyped with indications of particular concerns. These refactorings are applicable to any kind of CCC; this is possible, because what is taken into consideration is the scenario in which these concerns appear in the class model. The specific refactorings are responsible for transforming partial AO models into final ones, whose CCC have been fully modularized in aspects. For that, each refactoring has a set of specific steps for modularization of a particular kind of concern. An Eclipse plug-in, called MoBRe was developed to assist the software engineer in the tasks of refactoring application. As a major contribution, the refactorings proposed in this paper allow obtaining well designed AO models. This is so because: i) they provide a step-by-step guide to the modularization of certain CCC and can avoid that software engineers choose inappropriate strategies for modularization of these CCC; and ii) they were prepared based on good design practices recommended by the scientific community. Thus, besides, the models the use of refactorings can lead to generation of better-quality code, for example, free of bad smells. A case study was conducted to assess the applicability of the proposed refactorings in order to compare an AO model generated by them with an AO model obtained from the literature.
Avaliação do status taxonômico e análise populacional de Clyomys bishopi, um roedor endêmico dos Cerrados do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-27)
Arantes, Ana Carolina Ramos
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Rodrigues, Fernando Pacheco
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1351286774058975
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0108120233415752
Cerrado is one of the brazilian biomes with the highest concentration of species and endemism, and is considered a hotspot of global biodiversity. Only 20% of its original area remains intact in the country and has been permanently transformed by human actions, which makes this biome a priority area for conservation. Due to the great loss of habitat and biodiversity, it is necessary to increase knowledge of basic characteristics of the existing species. Conservation genetics makes use of the genetic variation to infer the taxonomic status and life history of a species, making possible the study of characteristics such as the pattern of social structure and dispersion. Thus, basic data from species to which we have difficult assess can be accessed and better conservation strategies can be adopted. Mitochondrial and nuclear markers are important tools for studies of genetic and social structure in animals. In this study we assessed the taxonomic status of Clyomys bishopi, a colonial and semi-fossorial rodent inhabiting the Cerrado of São Paulo, and also the social and spatial genetic structure of individuals collected in the Estação Ecológica de Itirapina- SP. To evaluate C. bishopi taxonomic status we analyzed the cytochrome b gene of 21 individuals belonging to the genus and from various localities of its distribution. Phylogenetic methods based on Bayesian Inference, Maximum Parsimony and Neighbor-Joining showed high values of branch support separating individuals from São Paulo with respect to the rest of the samples, and genetic distance of about 4% between these groups, suggesting a significant genetic separation between them. For population analysis, ten microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized within C. bishopi. Through the analysis of 40 individuals sampled at three areas within EE de Itirapina, we verified high levels of genetic diversity (NA = 10, average HO = 0,76 and averaged HE = 0,90). Nine microsatellite loci and the control region of the mitochondrial DNA were used to assess the spatial and social genetic structure of the EE de Itirapina population. The Bayesian clustering analysis indicated no genetic structure, suggesting the occurrence of gene flow between sampled areas. Relatedness analyses indicated, in general, low relatedness indices between analyzed individuals (0.05), with slightly larger values when only individuals in a small geographic scale are considered. The average relatedness by sex indicated no significant differences, suggesting similar dispersion between males and females. Results suggest that colonies of Clyomys bishopi are composed largely by unrelated individuals, and present genetic structure compatible to that showed by species with solitary habits.
Anotação genômica e caracterização de locos microssatélites em sequências expressas do genoma do camarão marinho Litopenaeus vannamei
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-27)
Santos, Camilla Alves
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Freitas, Patrícia Domingues de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6905869491807202
Litopenaeus vannamei is known as Pacific white shrimp and is the main species marketed worldwide. Its geographical distribution includes the Pacific coast, ranging from Mexico to Peru. Due to its outstanding economic importance, this species has been farmed and showing great adapting levels to captivity, having been introduced in several countries, including Brazil. However, despite all the concern to properly manage the farming populations, many countries have not had a renewal of their breeding herds because of the risk of introduction of exogenous pathogens, which has increased the degree of inbreeding of these stocks and decreased levels of genetic diversity. To monitor this loss, microsatellite markers or SSRs (Simple Sequence Repeats), from genome arbitrary and expressed regions have been used. In the specific case of SSRs present in expressed regions of the genome (ESTs, Expressed Sequence Tags) or SSRs-ESTs, they allow the access to the genetic variability of populations, and the ESTs markers devoid of SSRs may be related to genes of interest, subsidizing the development of breeding programs based on Marker Assisted Selection (MAS). Moreover, EST-SSRs loci may show an excellent rate of transferability in taxonomically related species, since they are in more conserved regions of the genome. Within this context, this study aimed (i) the validation population of EST-SSR loci isolated through dataming from L. vannamei ESTs database (www.shrimp.ufscar.br), (ii) the genomic annotation of ESTs and EST-SSRs markers (iii) the determination of EC numbers (Enzyme Codes), aiming respectively, (i) the characterization of polymorphic markers (ii) the description of genes and their protein products and (iii) the establishment of information to describe the possible pathways for the penaeid group. Therefore, we tested 32 EST-SSRs loci in PCR reactions. After establishing the best pattern of reaction and subsequent loci genotyping, nine SSRs-ESTs were polymorphic, with allele number ranging from two to 20, levels of observed heterozygosity from 0.32 to 0.86 and average PIC (Polymorphism Information Content) of 0.78. No pair of loci presented in linkage disequilibrium. However, after Bonferroni correction, we found that one of these showed a significant deficit of heterozygotes. The nine polymorphic loci from L.vannamei showed satisfactory amplification in at least one of the seven native species tested: the marine ones Xiphopenaeus kroyeri, Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis, Farfantepenaeus paulensis, Rimapenaeus constrictus and Litopenaeus schmitti and the freshwater ones Macrobrachium amazonicum and Macrobrachium jeskii, being useful also for genetic studies of these species. The genome annotation performed by access in ShEST website (Litopenaeus vannamei EST Genome Project) showed that only three of nine loci 4 have the gene and its protein product described. The other loci showed no matches with any other genomic database available for research. In this work, gene product could be elucidated for 99% of ESTs, being possible to establish 209 EC numbers, highlighting enzymes responsible for xenobiotics metabolism, immunity, energy production, reproduction, oxidative stress, among others. These codes were used for construction of some metabolic pathways present in the penaeid group, contributing for building a wide database of the genome of this important animal group. These data may be applied in genetic improvement programs as well as gene expression studies, such as realtime PCR and microarrays.