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Mínimos locais de funcionais com dependência especial via Γ-convergência: com e sem vínculo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-30)
Biesdorf, João
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Nascimento, Arnaldo Simal do
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6609243657130387
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9789976538941920
We address the question of existence of stationary stable solutions to a class of reaction-diffusion equations with spatial dependence in 2 and 3-dimensional bounded domains. The approach consists of proving the existence of local minimizer of the corresponding energy functional. For existence, it was enough to give sufficient conditions on the diffusion coefficient and on the reaction term to ensure the existence of isolated minima of the Γ-limit functional of the energy functional family. In the second part we take the techniques developed in the first part to minimize functional in 2 and 3-dimensional rectangles, with and without constraint, solving in a more general form this problem, which was originaly proposed in 1989 by Robert Kohn and Peter Sternberg.
Uma abordagem apoiada por linguagens especificas de domínio para criação de linhas de produtos de software embarcado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-30)
Durelli, Rafael Serapilha
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Penteado, Rosângela Aparecida Dellosso
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4061946080136286
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0805947997778420
Embedded systems have been used in a myriad of devices that are present in our daily lives, thereby the market for such sort of system has increased significantly over the last few years. These systems were once associated with low-level code, however, this is an outdated view of embedded systems technology. Although the current embedded systems are mostly composed of software, no systematic reuse technique is used in throughout their development. Thus, since previous successful experiences are not reused, forcing the developer to create some of the involved elements from the scratch, there is a considerable delay in the production of these systems. Due to the ever increasing complexity of embedded systems it is necessary to apply reuse techniques in order to lessen the effort needed to develop such systems. Within this context, software product lines (SPL) are reuse techniques that allow the creation of several systems belonging to a certain domain. SPL can be used to generate products of a specific domain that share common features but are each different in a specific way. Model-driven development is another reuse technique whose main objective is to reduce the semantic distance between the domain problem and its solution/implementation; thus, the developer does not need to direct interact with the solution source code, being able to focus on models and transforming those models in source code or yet other models. Based on these techniques, a process for the development of SPL in the domain of mobile robots was developed. In order to properly use the proposed process, a SPL called LegoMobileRobots Software Product Line (LMRSPL) was devised. Moreover, a domain specific language (DSL) was also developed. This DSL, called F2MoC, assists the application engineer in instantiating LMRSPL members.
Model Driven RichUbi - processo dirigido a modelos para a construção de interfaces ricas de aplicações ubíquas sensíveis ao contexto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-30)
Cirilo, Carlos Eduardo
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Prado, Antonio Francisco do
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2668568143800755
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0327273828015356
Web 2.0 allowed users more interactivity with Web applications. The so-called Rich Internet Applications (RIAs) have transposed the boundaries of simple interfaces built only in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). Through the adoption of technologies that enable the creation of more advanced interfaces, RIAs resemble the appearance and behavior of desktop applications. On the other hand, the demand for software in Ubiquitous Computing, in which access to applications occurs anywhere, at any time and from different devices, has raised new challenges for Software Engineering. One of these challenges is related to the adaptation of the contents of an application to the numerous devices that can access it in distinct contexts. Given the diversity of devices, access networks, environments and possible contexts, providing applications that meet the peculiarities of each access device, while keeping a consistent appearance and behavior in view of the changes occurring in the surrounding environment, has become a difficult task for software engineers. In applications that use rich interfaces in Web 2.0 for improving the interactivity, this task becomes even more complex due to the need of preserving the interaction aspects that afford users a richer experience with the application. This task can be facilitated using a software process that guides developers in building a ubiquitous application, considering the different contexts involved in its execution. Faced with these challenges, this work proposes a software process, named Model Driven RichUbi, aiming at supporting the development of rich interfaces for ubiquitous applications that adapt themselves when viewed on different types of devices. Based on the Model Driven Development and Domain-Specific Modeling conceptions, in the process are defined activities and artifacts that help in modeling and partial code generation of rich interfaces for different platforms. Besides, dynamic content adapters that refine the produced interface versions are also employed in the process, so that the developed interfaces can adapt to the peculiarities of the access device identified from the interaction context at runtime. The computational support focused on the Rich Interfaces Domain employed in the process is advantageous since it can be reused to simplify the development of adaptive rich interfaces for ubiquitous applications of several fields, which contributes to effort reduction and productivity increasing.
Fatores de influência na decisão de compra de bovinos em frigoríficos: proposta de um sistema de informação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-30)
Menezes, Shirley Martins
;
Alcântara, Rosane Lúcia Chicarelli
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5597241402348055
The share in the agribusiness GDP (gross domestic product) and in the Brazilian GDP, the conquest of demanding markets and the expressive growth of slaughterhouses are some of the indicators of the importance and of good results of the cattle market in Brazil. However, there are many challenges which require adequacies in the slaughterhouse industry to operate in different scenarios and to meet a demand that is more and more rigorous. The few theoretical references of the decision making in supplies in slaughterhouses point to a difference between the increase in purchasing complexity and the level of the structure of information flow which sustains decisions in this area. This fact leads managing tools to be low explored and jeopardizes the development of adequate tools, increasing the effort to meet the demand and limiting the share in markets considered more profitable. The hypothesis of this study is that slaughterhouses are using different purchasing processes due to sales; however, without the support of a structured information flow to help in this decision. The objective is to detect how the animal purchasing process is influenced by the different characteristics of the different sale channels, in a way to draw the structure of an information flow which allows to adequate better purchasing choices to sales needs. The type of the research question, the coverage of the control over events and the need of a contemporary focus led to the application of the multiple case study. The necessary information to the decision making in supplies and the influence of decisions from other areas to decisions and purchasing activities were analyzed. The relation between purchases and sales processes were highlighted. This study also involved an analysis of the existence of a gap between the theory of decision of organizational purchases and the reality of the sector and the study about flow information in supply area. Among results, the list of the main factors which influence in the decision making in purchasing, processing and sales areas and the classification of Distribution Channels, considering its levels of exacting, are highlighted. Conclusions involve the confirmation of the gap between the purchase managing theory and the reality of the studied cases, as well as the purpose of structuring the System to the decision making in purchasing. Moreover, conclusions promote reflections regarding the level of influence of the information, processes and sales decisions in the purchasing area.
Morfometria geométrica de populações subterrâneas e epígeas dos caranguejos de água doce do gênero Aegla Leach 1820, (Crustacea: Anomura: Aeglidae) no Vale do Ribeira, Iporanga, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-30)
Fernandes, Camile Sorbo
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Bichuette, Maria Elina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8453043393798516
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1479234559878695
This study was developed with Aegla species from Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira (PETAR) and Parque Estadual Intervales (PEI) areas. The facultative cavernicoles Aegla schmitti and A. marginata are distributed in these areas, as well as the only exclusively subterranean Aeglidae species reported, A. leptochela, A. microphthalma and A. cavernicola. With the purpose of elucidating the influence of the restrictive environmental conditions of the subterranean domain in the troglophiles and, also, the role of extrinsic barriers in distribution and speciation patterns of these crustaceans, we visited epigean and hipogean stream reaches between March 2009 and August 2010. In addition, loans of specimens from the Museu de Zoologia from Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP) and Laboratório de Estudos de Eglídeos from Universidade de São Paulo (LEEUSP) scientific collections were used. Individuals identified as A. schmitti were analyzed using morphometric geometrics in order to evaluate if this species, rarely registered in caves, establish viable populations in the subterranean environment and, moreover, if shape variations related to adaptations to life in caves were present. The results showed that Santana Cave and Betari River individuals correspond to two distinct morphotypes. These ones are evidences that the species colonize successfully the subterranean environment and, possibly, results from environmentally induced phenotypes or ecotypes selection associated to subterranean environment. Furthermore, it could suggest that the colonization of caves occurs by means of epigean migration, following a metapopulation dynamics with, consequently, transitory subpopulations in some places. The distribution pattern of the species in the studied area allows the conclusion that it depends not only on the absence or presence of extrinsic barriers but, also, on their behaviour and mobility. The absence of individuals in caves previously recorded in the literature could suggest populational decline of Aegla species in the study area. Hence, further ecological studies are needed aiming an effective environmental management and, mainly, the parks inspection.
A análise das estratégias de desenvolvimento acadêmico da UFSCar e suas implicações para a distribuição de recursos do MEC: indicadores de gestão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-31)
Silva, Antonio Carlos Lopes da
;
Quoniam, Luc
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4754764003480925
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9533895390628271
The fast growth experienced by UFSCar in recent years, in the spheres of education, research and extension was accompanied by a growth in its physical structure, with the creation of two new campuses. The immediate consequence was the increase in spending this new funding structure, which was not accompanied by corresponding increase in transfers of government funds, which has the matrix distribution of budget resources of the Ministry of Education, composed of academic and research indicators for each institution, a major source of federal funding of institutions of higher education. This dissertation, first, to present a review of the forms of financing higher education in Brazil, and particularly at UFSCar, and analyze and understand the many variables that make up the matrix distribution of budget resources of the MEC, based on the indicator Equivalent Student. For this second goal we applied the multivariate regression analysis on data matrix in order to subsidize an institutional policy to improve the current rate which determines the allocation of resources to UFSCar. As a result, the first objective, it was possible to confirm the difficulty of financing the maintenance of federal institutions of higher education, in this way, are dependent on the ability of its managers to seek extra resources for the development of education, research and extension. Regarding the results of the multivariate analysis, we identified that the main variables of the matrix are the number of graduates and the number of new students, showing that the model focuses on productivity without regard to quality. A model consisting of quantitative and qualitative variables would be more in line with the characteristics of the Brazilian federal universities, namely the pursuit of excellence.
"Feita só por mãe!". Sentidos de maternidade e família entre mulheres prostitutas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-31)
Sganzella, Natália Cristina Marciola
;
Lanna, Marcos Pazzanese Duarte
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8355559441138016
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5090609705707061
This paper is an anthropological analysis of the love and family relationships of women involved in prostitution in Marília, besides other characters who are directly or indirectly linked to such practice. The objective of the research is to investigate these women s realm of relationships which include their family, love partner, and career. The methodological framework is ethnography through which contacts and exchanges have taken place with prostitutes in the city, and these elements are going to be presented in this dissertation. The paper shows two parts very distinctively marked both spatially and chronologically. The first part of the ethnography maps the relationships between the prostitution of women and the periods of the day. On the one hand, daytime on Nove de Julho Street mainly holds the prostitution of women in bars and hotels. They have more experience on the streets and in the occupation, and they form a more cohesive and less hierarchical group, which causes the relationships established at work to become family relationships. On the other hand, nighttime encompasses other types of prostitution, such as transvestites, making spatial and power relationships more limited and the area more competitive. There is a prestige hierarchy among the prostitution points according to the flow of the street, the prices charged, and the female attributes negotiated. The second part of the ethnography focuses on the family relationships that are developed in the points and homes of four of my interlocutors; motherhood and godmotherhood are strong factors in the structure of such families.
"Mas professora, isso é arte?": uma abordagem antropológica da arte na sala de aula
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-31)
Tragante, Christiane Aparecida
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Cohn, Clarice
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1714080901123094
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8777271179365141
This dissertation is an anthropological study about the relations constructed by children of art and its objects in Art-Education classes. Following concerns built from my experience as a teacher, I have conducted an ethnographical research that pointed out to differences in the definition, classification and contemplation of art objects between students and teachers at Art-Education classes. From an ethnography carried out at two 5th grades of elementary education at public schools in Sao Carlos-SP, it was possible to notice on processes of construction of knowledge that children, besides teachers, as well as art objects and other field agents, are active subjects in those learning relationship. Their drawings contributed to highlight that relationships constructed in the teaching-learning process affect the ways of knowing, appreciating and making art. They also showed that children act in a particular way toward art objects. Finally, ethnography led to reflections about art-education for children, as well as about our own art system.
e-Rural: ambiente web para geração de conteúdos considerando a cultura e o nível de letramento do aprendiz
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-31)
Magalhães, Vanessa Maia Aguiar de
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Silva, Junia Coutinho Anacleto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6200743168568684
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0629001943214577
This paper describes the process of developing and prototyping environment high-fidelity to develop culturally contextualized hyperdocuments web, adapted and made available according to the level of literacy of the learner, so it has access to and can understand the information and technological knowledge allowing your individual improvement and professional in the area it serves. This work focuses on health education, adopting the promotion of inclusive learning and continuous approaches using IHC, considering the literacy levels of learners, providing simplified lexical and syntactic processing and analogies based on common sense knowledge as an expression of the cultural context of the learner. The generation of hyperdocuments intended primarily for users involved in the Brazilian production of milk having difficulties in reading and access to technical information, presenting different levels of literacy and cultural profiles. To provide this inclusive and culturally diverse environment, firstly, there is a need for hyperdocuments are produced through translation of vocabularies and the identification of meanings, adapting them to the cognitive and linguistic needs of users, to assist them in understanding the training content and meaning. It is noteworthy that these hyperdocuments be adapted and made available according to the level of literacy of users, helping them to overcome cultural barriers, social, emotional, perceptual, and cognitive technology that impede their access to knowledge. For this it is necessary that these contents are to be made available providing text equivalents that replace or supplement the textual contents of the hypermedia, whether through images, videos, narration, text, or audio. In order to observe the process of development of computing and its functional prototype, collecting the views of the target audience and partners, were conducted feasibility studies and experiments with specialist area of computing and agribusiness research, reported in this paper, to verify the feasibility and applicability of the proposal in a real scenario. As a result, it is hoped that researchers and agricultural technicians to create content in context for many producers with different levels of literacy, and they can get an understanding of digital technical knowledge available, and therefore incorporates the technologies offered to improve the quality and productivity milk and other foods in your day-to-day.
Chem-risk: avaliação e gerenciamento de risco químico em alimentos empregando técnicas de lógica nebulosa e ontologias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-31)
Magalhães Junior, Walter Coelho Pereira de
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Santos, Marilde Terezinha Prado
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9826026025118073
This research presents the Chem-Risk approach which is applied to chemical food safety domain, in order to circumvent a problem often encountered: data with little semantic or presenting low quality results that lead to results of low quality, unreliable and therefore inadequate to the reality of domain analyzed. In response to this purpose, the approach creates a Flexible Base Platform to properly pre-process the results of laboratory tests in agricultural food, allowing so many other variables, here considered as food risk factors, are observed in this analysis. Managed by the platform, the concepts of fuzzy logic and ontologies enable the incorporation of new risk factors, improve data quality and produce a superior technical expertise to that offered by traditional approaches used in the context of Brazilian public policies that aim to assess chemical risks and maximize the chemical safety of agricultural food. Due to the complexity and scope required for the ontology, a new approach to ontological engineering is presented. Data mining techniques used here play a key role, helping government officials and experts to extract higher risk levels of non-trivial knowledge, from the superior knowledge provided by the incorporation of fuzzy logic and ontology during the preprocessing step. The results obtained in mining step reveal a more faithfully semantic to the reality of food chemical safety, complement this reality and increase the level of expertise in favor of non-trivial decisions. By the other hand, if there were no proper preprocessing at the semantic level, the results, although apparently correct, would be concealing its false basis and, and thus presenting results completely wrong before the reality of chemical safety of agricultural food worldwide. We believe that what makes our real case study more remarkable is that it helps to improve the health of global population and, by extension, save our own lives.
Avaliação da qualidade ambiental nas nascentes do Rio Monjolinho na porção à montante da Estação de Captação de Água do Espraiado, São Carlos - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-01)
Souza, Amanda Baldochi
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Rocha, Odete
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9616304340855121
The unplanned development of urban communities strongly contributes to degradation of water resources, jeopardazing the quality of the water and the integrity of aquatic environments. The objetive of the present study was to evaluate the environmental quality of the water sources of River Monjolinho, located upstream the Water Pumping Station of Espraiado. Samplings were carried out in springs and afluent streams to Monjolinho River during two opposite climatic seasons, the rainy and the dry periods between 2009 and 2010. Physical and chemical analyses of water and sediment, ecotoxicological tests with Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Hyalella meinerti were performed for these two compartments. The benthic macroinvertebrates and diatom communities were analysed in order to evaluate the environmental quality of all these sites. These data were used in different approaches: diversity indices, the biotic index BMWP, multivariate analyses and the Environmental Quality Triad. The water from São Rafael Stream, and the sediments of Cascavel, Middle Monjolinho, Ponte de Tábua and São Rafael streams collected at different sites and sampling periods were toxic to the aquatic biota. The benthic macroinvertebrates community and diatoms analyses evidenced that there are strong differences in the environmental quality between springs and affluents from left margin and those from right margin of Monjolinho River as a result of riparian forest removal or due to the type of soil use: urbanization or agriculture. Restoration measures in the headwaters of São Rafael Stream started by the Municipal Prefecture of São Carlos did not result in better environment quality and rather evidenced a strong contamination. Besides this site, the springs of Belvedere and Ponte de Tábua streams are the river stretches where the strongest impacts swere verified, however, all springs and streams upstream the Espraiado Water Supply Pumping Station need special attention from local government due to the low quality of its waters, exception of the Espraiado Stream.
Utilização de sistemas agrícolas (tangerinas, citrus reticulata) por aves na região de Pilar do Sul, São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-01)
Campolim, Marcelo Gonçalves
;
Piratelli, Augusto João
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4747322084219058
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6061461045140312
;
Francisco, Mercival Roberto
This study aimed to compare environments of mandarin monocultures (Citrus reticulata) (P1, P2, P3, P4) with contiguous forest fragments (F1, F2, F3, F4) in its avifauna composition and dynamics. The point counts methodology was employed, and points were georeferenced 200m far from each other, and distributed along the plantations and fragments. Seven points were sampled each day of field work, remaining ten minutes in each one, recording all individuals seen and / or listen to an unlimited distance. From November 2009 to October 2010 after 6,730 minutes of observations (1970 and 4760 minutes in fragments and plantations respectivelly), we recorded 5978 contacts (1722 and 4256 in the fragments and in the plantations), which sampled 122 species from 43 families and 15 orders ( 73 passerine and 50 non-passerines). Of the 122 sampled species, 50 (41%) were common to both environments, 12 (10%) were found only in plantations and 60 (49%) only in the forest fragments. Generalist species assumed to be living in two studied environments appear to be well adapted in that region (Colaptes campestris, Furnarius rufus, Patagioenas picazuro, Pitangus sulphuratus, Turdus leucomelas, Vanellus chilensis and Zonotrichia capensis), a result of the disturbance of the environment and the intense anthropic interference . Even the species richness in the plantations not exceeding the fragments, one can propose that this is an attractive environment for part of the local avifauna. However, our data show that it is essential to maintaining patches of native vegetation for many species, which remain isolated even into agricultural systems of trees, as the case studied here, and are likely to disappear without the presence of these fragment.
Conhecimento e conscientização: a historicidade do pensamento de Paulo Freire
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-02)
Silva, Alexandre Rodrigo Nishiwaki da
;
Mello, Roseli Rodrigues de
Paulo Freire (1921-1997), Brazilian scholar, in his work develops the theoretical basis for the construction of educational liberating. The autonomy, the democratic relationships and the social changes are the theme of his reflections. Given this perspective, this work seeks to examine two fundamental concepts in Freire's work: knowledge and awareness. For this one seeks to articulate the thinking of Freire with the Brazilian historical context in an attempt to understand how the intellectual answer to the dictates of society in their educational approach. The first part of the paper examines the period extending from 1930 to 1964, which establishes the populist governments in Brazil, this time Freire begins his intellectual and pedagogical practice. Then we approach the years 1964 to 1985, a period known as the military dictatorship, in which the country faces hardened violent governments, Freire here are forced to leave the country and live in exile, during which develops a series of activities in different international bodies and produces several works in which consistently presents his ideas. Finally, we analyze the process of democratization of Brazil from 1985 to 1997, now returns to the country Paulo Freire and actively participates in several transformative initiatives. Along the way we strive to examine how the concept of knowledge and awareness become increasingly complex in the work of Paulo Freire following the historical development of Brazilian society, or keep itself historicity.
Revisão taxonômica do gênero Notiospathius Matthews & Marsh (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-03)
Nunes, Juliano Fiorelini
;
Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3009645420008438
The taxonomy, despite its recognized importance within biological sciences, has not had the attention it deserves, especially in Brazil and in mega-diverse countries where biodiversity is largely unknown or underestimated. This thesis aims to contribute to the taxonomic knowledge by revising the genus Notiospathius, admittedly speciose in the Neotropics, but not revised yet. The material studied in this work comes from several collections from Brazil and the world and combine a total of 2163 specimens from more than 130 cities in 12 countries. It was made a new and broader diagnosis of the genus. Twenty-six probable new species are described; ten species are registered and their geographic distributions were expanded. The first record of males for six of these species is done. Maps and photos for each species and morphospecies are presented. It was performed an identification key for all morphospecies and for most Notiospathius species. According to this revision, the genus is confirmed as one of the most important within the Subfamily Doryctinae in the Neotropical region in terms of species richness, besides nearly to double the knowledge of it.
Comportamento e distribuição de bagres subterrâneos e epígeos, subfamília Copionodontinae Pinna, 1992 (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) da Chapada Diamantina, Bahia Central
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-06)
Rantin, Bianca
;
Bichuette, Maria Elina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8453043393798516
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8613998805678545
Estudo fitoquímico e quimiossitemático de Galipea, Swinglea (Rutaceae) e avaliação do potencial biológico dos compostos isolados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-07)
Cerqueira, Cristovam do Nascimento
;
Silva, Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0457632122660653
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2532575955727305
The Galipea genus species classifications has been confuse since genus classification. Showing no agreement among taxonomists in several classification systems since 1823. However, Kallunki & Pirani corrected errors exist in the ancient botanical classification reclassify several species of Galipeas like Conchocarpus or Angostura. Thus, it was chosen a specie of Galipea (G. carinata) and one Angostura (A.bracteata) which previously belonged to Galipea in order to evaluate a possible parallelism between the classification proposed by Kallunki & Pirani with the chemical profile of the species studied. The phytochemical studies of the A. bracteata and G. carinata no led to the isolation of the secondary metabolites, though the research literature shows a relation of parallelism between the botanical classification based on morphology of species of the genus with the same chemical this one, but this relationship was only apparent when you compare the already isolated Conchocarpus s alkaloids with those of Angostura, where it was discovered that the alkyl and alquilarilquinolinicos alkaloids present in Angostura, are absent in Conchocarpus. In turn, the acridones and indolquinazolínicos alkaloids found in Conchocarpus were not observed in Angostura. The comparison of the aforementioned genres with Galipea was not discussed due to the few reported alkaloid (2-quinolone) for the species of this genus can not be classified as this specific. The Swinglea glutinosa, a species native to Asia, possesses many reports acridones alkaloids and coumarins isolated from its fruit, stem and roots, but these metabolites are reported from polar extracts, thus having no knowledge whatsoever of metabolites of low polarity. This work is also aimed at expanding the knowledge of the chemical profile of this species. The phytochemical study of S. glutinosa led to the isolation of two triterpenes: 3α-Hidroxiglutin-5-ene (08) and friedelin (09), a diterpene (2Z)-2-methyl-[2,5,5,8 a-tetrametildecaidronaftalen-1-yl] but-2-en-1-ol (07), two steroids, sitosterol (10) and stigmasterol (11), a flavanone: pinostrobine (07) and three amides: N-benzoiltiramida (01), N-{2 - [4 - (3-oxobutoxyl) phenyl] ethyl} benzamide (02), 2 (E) N-methyl-fenilacrilamide (05), the latter being new in the literature. The amide N-{2 - [4 - (2,3-dihydroxy-3-methyl-4-oxobutoxyl) phenyl] ethyl} benzamide (03) and carboxylic acid (04) acid 4 - {4 - [2 - (benzoilamino ) ethyl] phenoxyl} -2.3-dihydroxy-2-methylbutanoic was identified by GC-MS, where these two metabolites enhance the biogenesis of novel amide via O-prenylation then the loss due to carbon dioxide in several oxidations methyl terminal. Some of the compounds have their biological activity by testing tested against the Guignardia citricarpa of growth either in vitro mycelial where only the substance (08) showed an inhibition of about 50% and substance (07) stimulated the growth of the fungus. In the inhibition test of germination and appressorium formation, which evaluates the inhibition of fungal reproductive structure that is the main way of infection, the substance (08) showed an inhibition of 93.5% and 96.5% germination and training appressoria, respectively. The substance (02) inhibited 90.5% and 94.5% germination in appressorium formation. Thus, this work took place some fungicidal compounds with potential to control the fungus G. citricarpa.
Ecologia trófica e ecomorfologia da ictiofauna de igarapés maranhenses (Alcântara-MA)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-07)
Reis, Andressa da Silva
;
Verani, José Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0053232138684810
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2964017129613557
The trophic ecology is one of the most important aspects to understand the role of a species in the community and in the ecosystem functioning. Studies regarding the feeding of fishes coupled to the ecomorphology of a species become important tools in understanding their ecological role and position in the environment. The present study aimed to analyze the types and amount of food consumed by eleven species of fishes collected in six streams of Alcântara, Maranhão state, and assess their possible interspecific interactions. The specimens were collected in the rainy season, in January, and in the dry season, in November 2008. The analysis of morphology of the fish species was performed by measuring 17 characteristics and calculating 16 ecomorphological attributes. Analysis of the contents of the digestive tract was performed quantitatively and qualitatively. In order to determine the feeding habits of each species the frequency of occurrence, volume and alimentary index of each food item consumed were calculated. The majority of individuals analyzed was collected in the streams Igarapé do Camarajó and Igarapé do Brito. The trophic structure of fish assemblages of these two streams was diversified in both, rainy and dry seasons. The habit of the benthivore species Micropoecilia cf. parae and Apistogramma cf. piauienses was corroborated by their morphology. In the rainy season, there was a higher niche overlap in the diet of insectivorous species in the stream Igarapé do Camarajó, but the morphology of these species showed distinct spatial occupation of the habitat, thus allowing their coexistence. In the dry season most species had food overlap due to the consumption of organic detritus in the Igarapé do Camarajó stream and due to the consumption of chironomid larvae in the Igarapé do Brito stream. Fishes of Camarajó and Brito streams were more likely to feeding specialization in the rainy season and increased diversification of the items consumed during the dry season, indicated, respectively, by larger and smaller niche breadth. The changes in the trophic structure, in the niche overlap and in the niche breadth of fish community in the six streams studied indicate that fluctuations on the hydrological cycle in these streams are an important factor in the throphic dynamics of these fish communities.
Melhoria do cetano em óleo diesel : abertura do ciclo da decalina sobre catalisadores de Pt, Ir ou Rh suportados em zeólitas FAU e BEA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-08)
Monteiro, Carlos Alberto de Araujo
;
Cardoso, Dilson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5005955980758994
Environmental laws and stricter quality specifications have driven the development of technologies for improving the cetane number in diesel fuel. In addition to the saturation of (poly)aromatic compounds, responsible for limited gains, ring opening of at least one ring of (poly)cycloalkane, without loss of yield by cracking, is a promising strategy to maximize this property. Numerous studies have demonstrated the significant performance of Pt, Rh and Ir supported on zeolites for naphthenic ring opening in the hydroconversion of model compounds (naphthalene, tetralin and decalin). This study aimed to systematically assess the role of acid and hydrogenating functions for hydroconversion of decalin. It was also evaluated the effect of activation conditions (calcination and reduction), type of zeolite (Faujasite, FAU, or Beta, BEA), the content and type of metal (Pt, Ir or Rh). The influence of Pt-Ir and Pt-Rh bimetallic systems, as well as the inhibition by H2S, were studied in terms of the performance of these catalysts. For the catalytic precursors prepared, better activity and selectivity to ringopening products were obtained from calcination at 573 K and reduction at 713 K. This performance was consistent with a more homogeneous distribution of metallic particles on the support, and thus greater dispersion of the metallic phase. The reaction steps of ring contraction, ring opening and cracking were consecutive for the hydroconversion of decalin. It is noteworthy that the catalytic systems studied, under the operating conditions employed, yielded up to 45 mol% ring opening products and less than 15 mol% cracking products, at decalin conversions as high as 90 %. The Pt/BEA catalyst presented the best performance, thiotolerance (lower production of cracking products) and thioresistence (selectivity recovery after removal of H2S), followed by the Pt-It/BEA and Ir/BEA catalysts. This study allowed to highlight some peculiarities of the hydroconversion of decalin on noble metal/zeolite catalysts. Although decalin is a saturated molecule, his naphthenic character and probably the presence of a tertiary carbon in its structure, facilitates activation of the molecule directly on the strong acid sites of zeolite, even at relatively moderate temperatures. Thus, it is not necessary to form an olefin on a metal site and undergo subsequent protonation, as in a classical bifunctional mechanism, such as in hydroisomerization and hydrocracking of n-paraffins. However, the hydrogenation component of the catalyst influences the selectivity of the reaction, controlling the process of desorption/adsorption of any intermediate olefins formed. Greater hydrogenation activity implies lower availability of adsorbed carbocations that can be converted to cracking products. This proposition is consistent with the results obtained by varying the type and content of metal, support acidity and poisoning of the hydrogenation sites in the catalysts.
Efeitos de variáveis físicas e químicas na decomposição de recursos vegetais terrestres alagados em reservatórios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-08)
Fonseca, Andre Luiz dos Santos
;
Bianchini Júnior, Irineu
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0659731944736389
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5720488614645466
Reservoirs provide many benefits (e.g. recreation, water supply, electricity production) to human populations. However, the damming of a water body changes the characteristics from lotic to lentic environment. These changes affect the physical, chemical and biological ecosystem, such as the current velocity, the ecosystem depth, the light penetration, the amount of decomposed biomass, the oxygen consumption. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of physical and chemical variables (detritus quality, aerobic and anaerobic condition, current velocity and hydrostatic pressure) on the decomposition of terrestrial plant resources (leaves, branches and litter) that remain in the flooded area during the formation of the reservoirs. The results showed that: i) labile compounds of leaf litter consumed more dissolved oxygen in the initial stage of decomposition, according to their greater fragility and DOC amount. In addition, the accumulated dissolved oxygen consumption showed two phases during decomposition of debris, indicating that the composition of DOC was heterogeneous, ii) the mass loss of debris was greater in aerobic than in anaerobic condition; iii) the water velocity increased the mass loss of leaf and branches detritus due their abrasive effect. The mass loss was higher in leaf debris, according to their major fragility and higher surface area and volume ratio, iv) the hydrostatic pressure (equivalent to 30 and 100 m depth) did not influence the decomposition of leaves and branches detritus; v) the detritus quality was a factor that determined the action of environmental variables studied (dissolved oxygen availability and current velocity) on the detritus decomposition process.
Análise da influência das condições de mistura por extrusão sobre o comportamento de blendas poliméricas PBT/ABS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-09)
Prezenszky, André Cortegoso
;
Hage Júnior, Elias
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1240692926327687
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8881087453572394
At the present work several properties of PBT/ABS blends processed with different extrusion conditions as feed rate, screw speed and profile and die geometry were studied in order to verify how these parameters affect their properties. The specimens were obtained directly from the extruded blends to keep extrusion characteristics on the results. The main reason to add ABS to the PBT was to have tough PBT/ABS blends. It was verified that even without a compatibilizer, impact strength of the blends was higher than the impact strength of neat components. In addition, the ductile brittle temperature transition (DBTT) has decreased almost 60ºC when compared to the neat PBT. It was also verified that differences on processing parameters affect mostly DBTT, exhibiting values in the range of -5ºC to 40ºC. The best results were obtained using higher feed rates, low screw speed rotation, kneading blocks lagged 90º and shorter dies. It was also developed a degradation evaluation method and showed that the thermal mechanical degradation of the blend components can be verified by analyzing the consumption of the double bonds of the polybutadiene rich phase from ABS and the reduction of molecular weight of PBT. Although adequate results were obtained on preliminary degradation analyses of the components mixed in a torque rheometer, the method was insufficiently sensitive to identify significant differences on the degradation of blend components processed in a twin screw extruder.