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A análise das estratégias de desenvolvimento acadêmico da UFSCar e suas implicações para a distribuição de recursos do MEC: indicadores de gestão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-31)
Silva, Antonio Carlos Lopes da
;
Quoniam, Luc
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4754764003480925
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9533895390628271
The fast growth experienced by UFSCar in recent years, in the spheres of education, research and extension was accompanied by a growth in its physical structure, with the creation of two new campuses. The immediate consequence was the increase in spending this new funding structure, which was not accompanied by corresponding increase in transfers of government funds, which has the matrix distribution of budget resources of the Ministry of Education, composed of academic and research indicators for each institution, a major source of federal funding of institutions of higher education. This dissertation, first, to present a review of the forms of financing higher education in Brazil, and particularly at UFSCar, and analyze and understand the many variables that make up the matrix distribution of budget resources of the MEC, based on the indicator Equivalent Student. For this second goal we applied the multivariate regression analysis on data matrix in order to subsidize an institutional policy to improve the current rate which determines the allocation of resources to UFSCar. As a result, the first objective, it was possible to confirm the difficulty of financing the maintenance of federal institutions of higher education, in this way, are dependent on the ability of its managers to seek extra resources for the development of education, research and extension. Regarding the results of the multivariate analysis, we identified that the main variables of the matrix are the number of graduates and the number of new students, showing that the model focuses on productivity without regard to quality. A model consisting of quantitative and qualitative variables would be more in line with the characteristics of the Brazilian federal universities, namely the pursuit of excellence.
"Feita só por mãe!". Sentidos de maternidade e família entre mulheres prostitutas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-31)
Sganzella, Natália Cristina Marciola
;
Lanna, Marcos Pazzanese Duarte
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8355559441138016
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5090609705707061
This paper is an anthropological analysis of the love and family relationships of women involved in prostitution in Marília, besides other characters who are directly or indirectly linked to such practice. The objective of the research is to investigate these women s realm of relationships which include their family, love partner, and career. The methodological framework is ethnography through which contacts and exchanges have taken place with prostitutes in the city, and these elements are going to be presented in this dissertation. The paper shows two parts very distinctively marked both spatially and chronologically. The first part of the ethnography maps the relationships between the prostitution of women and the periods of the day. On the one hand, daytime on Nove de Julho Street mainly holds the prostitution of women in bars and hotels. They have more experience on the streets and in the occupation, and they form a more cohesive and less hierarchical group, which causes the relationships established at work to become family relationships. On the other hand, nighttime encompasses other types of prostitution, such as transvestites, making spatial and power relationships more limited and the area more competitive. There is a prestige hierarchy among the prostitution points according to the flow of the street, the prices charged, and the female attributes negotiated. The second part of the ethnography focuses on the family relationships that are developed in the points and homes of four of my interlocutors; motherhood and godmotherhood are strong factors in the structure of such families.
"Mas professora, isso é arte?": uma abordagem antropológica da arte na sala de aula
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-31)
Tragante, Christiane Aparecida
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Cohn, Clarice
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1714080901123094
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8777271179365141
This dissertation is an anthropological study about the relations constructed by children of art and its objects in Art-Education classes. Following concerns built from my experience as a teacher, I have conducted an ethnographical research that pointed out to differences in the definition, classification and contemplation of art objects between students and teachers at Art-Education classes. From an ethnography carried out at two 5th grades of elementary education at public schools in Sao Carlos-SP, it was possible to notice on processes of construction of knowledge that children, besides teachers, as well as art objects and other field agents, are active subjects in those learning relationship. Their drawings contributed to highlight that relationships constructed in the teaching-learning process affect the ways of knowing, appreciating and making art. They also showed that children act in a particular way toward art objects. Finally, ethnography led to reflections about art-education for children, as well as about our own art system.
e-Rural: ambiente web para geração de conteúdos considerando a cultura e o nível de letramento do aprendiz
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-31)
Magalhães, Vanessa Maia Aguiar de
;
Silva, Junia Coutinho Anacleto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6200743168568684
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0629001943214577
This paper describes the process of developing and prototyping environment high-fidelity to develop culturally contextualized hyperdocuments web, adapted and made available according to the level of literacy of the learner, so it has access to and can understand the information and technological knowledge allowing your individual improvement and professional in the area it serves. This work focuses on health education, adopting the promotion of inclusive learning and continuous approaches using IHC, considering the literacy levels of learners, providing simplified lexical and syntactic processing and analogies based on common sense knowledge as an expression of the cultural context of the learner. The generation of hyperdocuments intended primarily for users involved in the Brazilian production of milk having difficulties in reading and access to technical information, presenting different levels of literacy and cultural profiles. To provide this inclusive and culturally diverse environment, firstly, there is a need for hyperdocuments are produced through translation of vocabularies and the identification of meanings, adapting them to the cognitive and linguistic needs of users, to assist them in understanding the training content and meaning. It is noteworthy that these hyperdocuments be adapted and made available according to the level of literacy of users, helping them to overcome cultural barriers, social, emotional, perceptual, and cognitive technology that impede their access to knowledge. For this it is necessary that these contents are to be made available providing text equivalents that replace or supplement the textual contents of the hypermedia, whether through images, videos, narration, text, or audio. In order to observe the process of development of computing and its functional prototype, collecting the views of the target audience and partners, were conducted feasibility studies and experiments with specialist area of computing and agribusiness research, reported in this paper, to verify the feasibility and applicability of the proposal in a real scenario. As a result, it is hoped that researchers and agricultural technicians to create content in context for many producers with different levels of literacy, and they can get an understanding of digital technical knowledge available, and therefore incorporates the technologies offered to improve the quality and productivity milk and other foods in your day-to-day.
Chem-risk: avaliação e gerenciamento de risco químico em alimentos empregando técnicas de lógica nebulosa e ontologias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-05-31)
Magalhães Junior, Walter Coelho Pereira de
;
Santos, Marilde Terezinha Prado
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9826026025118073
This research presents the Chem-Risk approach which is applied to chemical food safety domain, in order to circumvent a problem often encountered: data with little semantic or presenting low quality results that lead to results of low quality, unreliable and therefore inadequate to the reality of domain analyzed. In response to this purpose, the approach creates a Flexible Base Platform to properly pre-process the results of laboratory tests in agricultural food, allowing so many other variables, here considered as food risk factors, are observed in this analysis. Managed by the platform, the concepts of fuzzy logic and ontologies enable the incorporation of new risk factors, improve data quality and produce a superior technical expertise to that offered by traditional approaches used in the context of Brazilian public policies that aim to assess chemical risks and maximize the chemical safety of agricultural food. Due to the complexity and scope required for the ontology, a new approach to ontological engineering is presented. Data mining techniques used here play a key role, helping government officials and experts to extract higher risk levels of non-trivial knowledge, from the superior knowledge provided by the incorporation of fuzzy logic and ontology during the preprocessing step. The results obtained in mining step reveal a more faithfully semantic to the reality of food chemical safety, complement this reality and increase the level of expertise in favor of non-trivial decisions. By the other hand, if there were no proper preprocessing at the semantic level, the results, although apparently correct, would be concealing its false basis and, and thus presenting results completely wrong before the reality of chemical safety of agricultural food worldwide. We believe that what makes our real case study more remarkable is that it helps to improve the health of global population and, by extension, save our own lives.
Avaliação da qualidade ambiental nas nascentes do Rio Monjolinho na porção à montante da Estação de Captação de Água do Espraiado, São Carlos - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-01)
Souza, Amanda Baldochi
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Rocha, Odete
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9616304340855121
The unplanned development of urban communities strongly contributes to degradation of water resources, jeopardazing the quality of the water and the integrity of aquatic environments. The objetive of the present study was to evaluate the environmental quality of the water sources of River Monjolinho, located upstream the Water Pumping Station of Espraiado. Samplings were carried out in springs and afluent streams to Monjolinho River during two opposite climatic seasons, the rainy and the dry periods between 2009 and 2010. Physical and chemical analyses of water and sediment, ecotoxicological tests with Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Hyalella meinerti were performed for these two compartments. The benthic macroinvertebrates and diatom communities were analysed in order to evaluate the environmental quality of all these sites. These data were used in different approaches: diversity indices, the biotic index BMWP, multivariate analyses and the Environmental Quality Triad. The water from São Rafael Stream, and the sediments of Cascavel, Middle Monjolinho, Ponte de Tábua and São Rafael streams collected at different sites and sampling periods were toxic to the aquatic biota. The benthic macroinvertebrates community and diatoms analyses evidenced that there are strong differences in the environmental quality between springs and affluents from left margin and those from right margin of Monjolinho River as a result of riparian forest removal or due to the type of soil use: urbanization or agriculture. Restoration measures in the headwaters of São Rafael Stream started by the Municipal Prefecture of São Carlos did not result in better environment quality and rather evidenced a strong contamination. Besides this site, the springs of Belvedere and Ponte de Tábua streams are the river stretches where the strongest impacts swere verified, however, all springs and streams upstream the Espraiado Water Supply Pumping Station need special attention from local government due to the low quality of its waters, exception of the Espraiado Stream.
Utilização de sistemas agrícolas (tangerinas, citrus reticulata) por aves na região de Pilar do Sul, São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-01)
Campolim, Marcelo Gonçalves
;
Piratelli, Augusto João
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4747322084219058
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6061461045140312
;
Francisco, Mercival Roberto
This study aimed to compare environments of mandarin monocultures (Citrus reticulata) (P1, P2, P3, P4) with contiguous forest fragments (F1, F2, F3, F4) in its avifauna composition and dynamics. The point counts methodology was employed, and points were georeferenced 200m far from each other, and distributed along the plantations and fragments. Seven points were sampled each day of field work, remaining ten minutes in each one, recording all individuals seen and / or listen to an unlimited distance. From November 2009 to October 2010 after 6,730 minutes of observations (1970 and 4760 minutes in fragments and plantations respectivelly), we recorded 5978 contacts (1722 and 4256 in the fragments and in the plantations), which sampled 122 species from 43 families and 15 orders ( 73 passerine and 50 non-passerines). Of the 122 sampled species, 50 (41%) were common to both environments, 12 (10%) were found only in plantations and 60 (49%) only in the forest fragments. Generalist species assumed to be living in two studied environments appear to be well adapted in that region (Colaptes campestris, Furnarius rufus, Patagioenas picazuro, Pitangus sulphuratus, Turdus leucomelas, Vanellus chilensis and Zonotrichia capensis), a result of the disturbance of the environment and the intense anthropic interference . Even the species richness in the plantations not exceeding the fragments, one can propose that this is an attractive environment for part of the local avifauna. However, our data show that it is essential to maintaining patches of native vegetation for many species, which remain isolated even into agricultural systems of trees, as the case studied here, and are likely to disappear without the presence of these fragment.
Conhecimento e conscientização: a historicidade do pensamento de Paulo Freire
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-02)
Silva, Alexandre Rodrigo Nishiwaki da
;
Mello, Roseli Rodrigues de
Paulo Freire (1921-1997), Brazilian scholar, in his work develops the theoretical basis for the construction of educational liberating. The autonomy, the democratic relationships and the social changes are the theme of his reflections. Given this perspective, this work seeks to examine two fundamental concepts in Freire's work: knowledge and awareness. For this one seeks to articulate the thinking of Freire with the Brazilian historical context in an attempt to understand how the intellectual answer to the dictates of society in their educational approach. The first part of the paper examines the period extending from 1930 to 1964, which establishes the populist governments in Brazil, this time Freire begins his intellectual and pedagogical practice. Then we approach the years 1964 to 1985, a period known as the military dictatorship, in which the country faces hardened violent governments, Freire here are forced to leave the country and live in exile, during which develops a series of activities in different international bodies and produces several works in which consistently presents his ideas. Finally, we analyze the process of democratization of Brazil from 1985 to 1997, now returns to the country Paulo Freire and actively participates in several transformative initiatives. Along the way we strive to examine how the concept of knowledge and awareness become increasingly complex in the work of Paulo Freire following the historical development of Brazilian society, or keep itself historicity.
Revisão taxonômica do gênero Notiospathius Matthews & Marsh (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-03)
Nunes, Juliano Fiorelini
;
Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3009645420008438
The taxonomy, despite its recognized importance within biological sciences, has not had the attention it deserves, especially in Brazil and in mega-diverse countries where biodiversity is largely unknown or underestimated. This thesis aims to contribute to the taxonomic knowledge by revising the genus Notiospathius, admittedly speciose in the Neotropics, but not revised yet. The material studied in this work comes from several collections from Brazil and the world and combine a total of 2163 specimens from more than 130 cities in 12 countries. It was made a new and broader diagnosis of the genus. Twenty-six probable new species are described; ten species are registered and their geographic distributions were expanded. The first record of males for six of these species is done. Maps and photos for each species and morphospecies are presented. It was performed an identification key for all morphospecies and for most Notiospathius species. According to this revision, the genus is confirmed as one of the most important within the Subfamily Doryctinae in the Neotropical region in terms of species richness, besides nearly to double the knowledge of it.
Comportamento e distribuição de bagres subterrâneos e epígeos, subfamília Copionodontinae Pinna, 1992 (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) da Chapada Diamantina, Bahia Central
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-06)
Rantin, Bianca
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Bichuette, Maria Elina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8453043393798516
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8613998805678545
Estudo fitoquímico e quimiossitemático de Galipea, Swinglea (Rutaceae) e avaliação do potencial biológico dos compostos isolados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-07)
Cerqueira, Cristovam do Nascimento
;
Silva, Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0457632122660653
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2532575955727305
The Galipea genus species classifications has been confuse since genus classification. Showing no agreement among taxonomists in several classification systems since 1823. However, Kallunki & Pirani corrected errors exist in the ancient botanical classification reclassify several species of Galipeas like Conchocarpus or Angostura. Thus, it was chosen a specie of Galipea (G. carinata) and one Angostura (A.bracteata) which previously belonged to Galipea in order to evaluate a possible parallelism between the classification proposed by Kallunki & Pirani with the chemical profile of the species studied. The phytochemical studies of the A. bracteata and G. carinata no led to the isolation of the secondary metabolites, though the research literature shows a relation of parallelism between the botanical classification based on morphology of species of the genus with the same chemical this one, but this relationship was only apparent when you compare the already isolated Conchocarpus s alkaloids with those of Angostura, where it was discovered that the alkyl and alquilarilquinolinicos alkaloids present in Angostura, are absent in Conchocarpus. In turn, the acridones and indolquinazolínicos alkaloids found in Conchocarpus were not observed in Angostura. The comparison of the aforementioned genres with Galipea was not discussed due to the few reported alkaloid (2-quinolone) for the species of this genus can not be classified as this specific. The Swinglea glutinosa, a species native to Asia, possesses many reports acridones alkaloids and coumarins isolated from its fruit, stem and roots, but these metabolites are reported from polar extracts, thus having no knowledge whatsoever of metabolites of low polarity. This work is also aimed at expanding the knowledge of the chemical profile of this species. The phytochemical study of S. glutinosa led to the isolation of two triterpenes: 3α-Hidroxiglutin-5-ene (08) and friedelin (09), a diterpene (2Z)-2-methyl-[2,5,5,8 a-tetrametildecaidronaftalen-1-yl] but-2-en-1-ol (07), two steroids, sitosterol (10) and stigmasterol (11), a flavanone: pinostrobine (07) and three amides: N-benzoiltiramida (01), N-{2 - [4 - (3-oxobutoxyl) phenyl] ethyl} benzamide (02), 2 (E) N-methyl-fenilacrilamide (05), the latter being new in the literature. The amide N-{2 - [4 - (2,3-dihydroxy-3-methyl-4-oxobutoxyl) phenyl] ethyl} benzamide (03) and carboxylic acid (04) acid 4 - {4 - [2 - (benzoilamino ) ethyl] phenoxyl} -2.3-dihydroxy-2-methylbutanoic was identified by GC-MS, where these two metabolites enhance the biogenesis of novel amide via O-prenylation then the loss due to carbon dioxide in several oxidations methyl terminal. Some of the compounds have their biological activity by testing tested against the Guignardia citricarpa of growth either in vitro mycelial where only the substance (08) showed an inhibition of about 50% and substance (07) stimulated the growth of the fungus. In the inhibition test of germination and appressorium formation, which evaluates the inhibition of fungal reproductive structure that is the main way of infection, the substance (08) showed an inhibition of 93.5% and 96.5% germination and training appressoria, respectively. The substance (02) inhibited 90.5% and 94.5% germination in appressorium formation. Thus, this work took place some fungicidal compounds with potential to control the fungus G. citricarpa.
Ecologia trófica e ecomorfologia da ictiofauna de igarapés maranhenses (Alcântara-MA)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-07)
Reis, Andressa da Silva
;
Verani, José Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0053232138684810
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2964017129613557
The trophic ecology is one of the most important aspects to understand the role of a species in the community and in the ecosystem functioning. Studies regarding the feeding of fishes coupled to the ecomorphology of a species become important tools in understanding their ecological role and position in the environment. The present study aimed to analyze the types and amount of food consumed by eleven species of fishes collected in six streams of Alcântara, Maranhão state, and assess their possible interspecific interactions. The specimens were collected in the rainy season, in January, and in the dry season, in November 2008. The analysis of morphology of the fish species was performed by measuring 17 characteristics and calculating 16 ecomorphological attributes. Analysis of the contents of the digestive tract was performed quantitatively and qualitatively. In order to determine the feeding habits of each species the frequency of occurrence, volume and alimentary index of each food item consumed were calculated. The majority of individuals analyzed was collected in the streams Igarapé do Camarajó and Igarapé do Brito. The trophic structure of fish assemblages of these two streams was diversified in both, rainy and dry seasons. The habit of the benthivore species Micropoecilia cf. parae and Apistogramma cf. piauienses was corroborated by their morphology. In the rainy season, there was a higher niche overlap in the diet of insectivorous species in the stream Igarapé do Camarajó, but the morphology of these species showed distinct spatial occupation of the habitat, thus allowing their coexistence. In the dry season most species had food overlap due to the consumption of organic detritus in the Igarapé do Camarajó stream and due to the consumption of chironomid larvae in the Igarapé do Brito stream. Fishes of Camarajó and Brito streams were more likely to feeding specialization in the rainy season and increased diversification of the items consumed during the dry season, indicated, respectively, by larger and smaller niche breadth. The changes in the trophic structure, in the niche overlap and in the niche breadth of fish community in the six streams studied indicate that fluctuations on the hydrological cycle in these streams are an important factor in the throphic dynamics of these fish communities.
Melhoria do cetano em óleo diesel : abertura do ciclo da decalina sobre catalisadores de Pt, Ir ou Rh suportados em zeólitas FAU e BEA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-08)
Monteiro, Carlos Alberto de Araujo
;
Cardoso, Dilson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5005955980758994
Environmental laws and stricter quality specifications have driven the development of technologies for improving the cetane number in diesel fuel. In addition to the saturation of (poly)aromatic compounds, responsible for limited gains, ring opening of at least one ring of (poly)cycloalkane, without loss of yield by cracking, is a promising strategy to maximize this property. Numerous studies have demonstrated the significant performance of Pt, Rh and Ir supported on zeolites for naphthenic ring opening in the hydroconversion of model compounds (naphthalene, tetralin and decalin). This study aimed to systematically assess the role of acid and hydrogenating functions for hydroconversion of decalin. It was also evaluated the effect of activation conditions (calcination and reduction), type of zeolite (Faujasite, FAU, or Beta, BEA), the content and type of metal (Pt, Ir or Rh). The influence of Pt-Ir and Pt-Rh bimetallic systems, as well as the inhibition by H2S, were studied in terms of the performance of these catalysts. For the catalytic precursors prepared, better activity and selectivity to ringopening products were obtained from calcination at 573 K and reduction at 713 K. This performance was consistent with a more homogeneous distribution of metallic particles on the support, and thus greater dispersion of the metallic phase. The reaction steps of ring contraction, ring opening and cracking were consecutive for the hydroconversion of decalin. It is noteworthy that the catalytic systems studied, under the operating conditions employed, yielded up to 45 mol% ring opening products and less than 15 mol% cracking products, at decalin conversions as high as 90 %. The Pt/BEA catalyst presented the best performance, thiotolerance (lower production of cracking products) and thioresistence (selectivity recovery after removal of H2S), followed by the Pt-It/BEA and Ir/BEA catalysts. This study allowed to highlight some peculiarities of the hydroconversion of decalin on noble metal/zeolite catalysts. Although decalin is a saturated molecule, his naphthenic character and probably the presence of a tertiary carbon in its structure, facilitates activation of the molecule directly on the strong acid sites of zeolite, even at relatively moderate temperatures. Thus, it is not necessary to form an olefin on a metal site and undergo subsequent protonation, as in a classical bifunctional mechanism, such as in hydroisomerization and hydrocracking of n-paraffins. However, the hydrogenation component of the catalyst influences the selectivity of the reaction, controlling the process of desorption/adsorption of any intermediate olefins formed. Greater hydrogenation activity implies lower availability of adsorbed carbocations that can be converted to cracking products. This proposition is consistent with the results obtained by varying the type and content of metal, support acidity and poisoning of the hydrogenation sites in the catalysts.
Efeitos de variáveis físicas e químicas na decomposição de recursos vegetais terrestres alagados em reservatórios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-08)
Fonseca, Andre Luiz dos Santos
;
Bianchini Júnior, Irineu
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0659731944736389
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5720488614645466
Reservoirs provide many benefits (e.g. recreation, water supply, electricity production) to human populations. However, the damming of a water body changes the characteristics from lotic to lentic environment. These changes affect the physical, chemical and biological ecosystem, such as the current velocity, the ecosystem depth, the light penetration, the amount of decomposed biomass, the oxygen consumption. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of physical and chemical variables (detritus quality, aerobic and anaerobic condition, current velocity and hydrostatic pressure) on the decomposition of terrestrial plant resources (leaves, branches and litter) that remain in the flooded area during the formation of the reservoirs. The results showed that: i) labile compounds of leaf litter consumed more dissolved oxygen in the initial stage of decomposition, according to their greater fragility and DOC amount. In addition, the accumulated dissolved oxygen consumption showed two phases during decomposition of debris, indicating that the composition of DOC was heterogeneous, ii) the mass loss of debris was greater in aerobic than in anaerobic condition; iii) the water velocity increased the mass loss of leaf and branches detritus due their abrasive effect. The mass loss was higher in leaf debris, according to their major fragility and higher surface area and volume ratio, iv) the hydrostatic pressure (equivalent to 30 and 100 m depth) did not influence the decomposition of leaves and branches detritus; v) the detritus quality was a factor that determined the action of environmental variables studied (dissolved oxygen availability and current velocity) on the detritus decomposition process.
Análise da influência das condições de mistura por extrusão sobre o comportamento de blendas poliméricas PBT/ABS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-09)
Prezenszky, André Cortegoso
;
Hage Júnior, Elias
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1240692926327687
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8881087453572394
At the present work several properties of PBT/ABS blends processed with different extrusion conditions as feed rate, screw speed and profile and die geometry were studied in order to verify how these parameters affect their properties. The specimens were obtained directly from the extruded blends to keep extrusion characteristics on the results. The main reason to add ABS to the PBT was to have tough PBT/ABS blends. It was verified that even without a compatibilizer, impact strength of the blends was higher than the impact strength of neat components. In addition, the ductile brittle temperature transition (DBTT) has decreased almost 60ºC when compared to the neat PBT. It was also verified that differences on processing parameters affect mostly DBTT, exhibiting values in the range of -5ºC to 40ºC. The best results were obtained using higher feed rates, low screw speed rotation, kneading blocks lagged 90º and shorter dies. It was also developed a degradation evaluation method and showed that the thermal mechanical degradation of the blend components can be verified by analyzing the consumption of the double bonds of the polybutadiene rich phase from ABS and the reduction of molecular weight of PBT. Although adequate results were obtained on preliminary degradation analyses of the components mixed in a torque rheometer, the method was insufficiently sensitive to identify significant differences on the degradation of blend components processed in a twin screw extruder.
Análise de medidas mitigatórias de impactos antrópicos negativos à mastofauna em uma paisagem rural em São Carlos-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-09)
Tezori, Rogerio Franco Flores
;
Garavello, Júlio César
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2778105126670170
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6262000648248079
The human pressures on natural environments generate fragmentation and loss of habitat, one of the main threats to biodiversity. Using the terrestrial mammals as indicators, it were evaluated the ecological corridor Embrapa- Fazenda Engenho Velho (Old Mill Farm) and a silvopastoral system to determine if they actually mitigate the negative impacts of local farming. Four linear transects were laid in two fragments of semideciduous forest in the ecological corridor that connects them and made 24 observations, including the branch tunnels (one with 0.9 m in diameter and another with 2.5 x2m) under the highway Guilherme Scatena (that divides the ecological corridor) and its coasting. With the data was constructed a dendrogram of similarity (Jaccard coefficient). In the silvopastoral system and conventional grazing, were placed four cages (15x15x40cm) in each and 20 observations were made. The results demonstrate the presence of 27 species in the fragments, seven of which use the corridor and only two uses the tunnel passage. The similarity between the fragments is high (65%), but decays over the corridor (44%) and the tunnel passage (19%), which shows that the ecological corridor is not fulfilling its role of facilitating the exchange of individuals among the fragments for greater genetic variability in local populations. Furthermore, the coasting had 11 species (45% similarity with fragments), but no individual was found run over, suggesting that in this case, the speed bumps installed on the highway are the most effective tools for conservation than the actual tunnel passage. The largest tunnel presented seven species, but lacks the vegetation in the surroundings unlike smaller tunnel, suggesting that for the branch tunnels, it is extremely important to their size. In the silvopastoral system were found four individuals from three genera (Calomys, Akodon and Oligorizomys) and in the common grazing, eight individuals of the genus Calomys, suggesting that silvopastoral systems are better to maintain species richness. We conclude that there are viable alternatives to improve production and maintain biodiversity, native vegetation with the best connection, but the deployments must be accomplished effectively and not only for law enforcement, without ever having a monitoring of its function, as occurs in most rural areas of the country subjected to this type of activity. Also we can t think that the mere fact of clearing vegetation and deploy these systems are solutions to the environmental crisis, but to optimize the use of land already cleared for such deployment.
Registros de movimentos do pescoço: estado da arte, validação e aplicação e avaliação durante o trabalho de técnicos de enfermagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-09)
Carnaz, Letícia
;
Coury, Helenice Jane Cote Gil
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021199199918426
Neck pain has been highly prevalent among workers. In occupational settings physical risk factors, especially posture, are considered fundamental in neck pain development. However, neck posture and movements have not been properly evaluated at workplace due to the use of not reliable measurement methods. Furthermore, most of the studies that evaluate posture during occupational activities have focused on the wrist and hand assessment. Thus, in order to contribute with information about neck movements recording in occupational settings, three related studies were developed. The aim of the first study was to investigate the applications and limitations of the systems for direct measurement of neck movement in the workplace. The results of this study showed that in most of the articles the three axes of neck movement were not simultaneously recorded. Deficiencies in available equipment explain this flaw, demonstrating that sensors and systems need to be improved so that a true understanding of real occupational exposure can be achieved. Further studies are also needed to assess neck movement in those who perform heavy‐duty work, such as nurses and electricians, since no report about such jobs was identified. Based on these results, an option to record three‐dimensional neck movements in occupational settings is the use of flexible electrogoniometers. But neither electrogoniometers, nor inclinometers (direct measurement most commonly used) were compared with a system considered more accurate and precise. Then, the objective of the second study was to assess concurrent validity between flexible electrogoniometers (EGM), inclinometers (INC) and a three‐dimensional analysis system based on video recording (IMG) in simultaneous and synchronized data collection. EGM presented high differences when compared with INC and IMG. Moreover, the EGM sensors physically restricted the full neck flexion‐extension range of motion. Inclinometers, which cannot record rotation movement, presented good concurrent validity in relation to IMG, except for flexion‐extension movement. Due to non‐optimal conditions during flexion‐extension movement, IMG underestimated these movements. The results of the studies described above designed the third study that aimed to quantify the head, upper back and upper arm postures of practical nurses while performing their occupational activities and to verify if there are differences between the postures of professionals with and without symptoms. The results showed that most of the activities of practical nurses involve considerable postural risk for the head, upper back and upper arms. The postural risk varied among tasks: there was more exposure for the neck region when separating medication and keeping medical records. In general, workers with symptoms in the neck and upper arm region presented greater amplitude of movement and a higher fraction of time spent in awkward postures than asymptomatic workers, but with no significant difference between these two groups.
Aspectos cinéticos da degradação aeróbia e anaeróbia de Cyperus giganteus, Eichhornia azurea e Egeria najas da lagoa do Óleo (Estação Ecológica de Jataí, Luiz Antônio, SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-10)
Gimenes, Karen Zauner
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Bianchini Júnior, Irineu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0659731944736389
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3598431426445471
This study aimed to assess the effects of temperature on different aspects of aerobic and anaerobic degradation of aquatic macrophytes from different ecological groups: Cyperus giganteus (emergent), Eichhornia azurea (fixed floating) and Egeria najas (submerged). Considering these purposes, the carbon balance and mass decay, the cellulase and peroxidase activity in the degradation of cellulose and lignin, the oxygen consumption, as well as changes in pH, conductivity and humification degree caused by decomposition in the environment were analysed. In laboratory, decomposition chambers containing aquatic macrophyte and water samples were prepared and maintained under controlled conditions according to the experimental design. The results showed that: (i) temperature changes affected the mass loss coefficients of labile/soluble fractions of debris, but did not alter the mass loss coefficients of refractory fraction; (ii) the temperature increase accelerated the cellulose decay of E. azurea and E. najas detritus, being indifferent to those of C. giganteus; increased the lignin decay of C. giganteus and E. najas debris, although there was no lignin degradation of E. azurea within the experimental period; increased the peroxidase activity of the three species selected detritus and of the cellulase of C. giganteus and E. najas detritus, having the opposite effect on E. azurea debris; led to an increase in oxygen consumption in C. giganteus and E. azurea debris decomposition, having the opposite effect on E. najas decomposition; (iii) regardless to temperature, the content of particulate organic carbon and the half-life times were lower for submerged species and higher for the emerging one, which showed the highest contents of cellulose and lignin; (iv) the E. najas decomposition presented the highest dissolved oxygen consumption in the shortest time; (v) the mass loss of macrophytes detritus were faster under aerobic than under anaerobic condition.
(In)Constantes transformações: relações e conceitos no pensamento do antropólogo Eduardo Viveiros de Castro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-10)
Massaro, Tatiana de Lourdes
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Peggion, Edmundo Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9849805103860827
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3475890154199559
This study to understand what a social relation is, showing the anthropologist Eduardo Viveiros de Castro s concepts and ideas in his bibliography. This is a research about a social relation concept that is still being developed and studied by the contemporary anthopologist Viveiros de Castro. This work focuses on articles related to the Amerindian thoughts and issues. For the Amerindians, the social relation idea is a wider concept and different from ours. For then, humans beings and animals have different shapes but similar human essence. My work is based on the social relation concept, mainly the one studied in the first ethnological work Indivíduo e Sociedade no Alto Xingu (1977) by Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, the doctoral thesis Araweté: os deuses canibais (1986) by the same author and A Inconstância da Alma Selvagem (2002a), where there are many articles gathered signed by Viveiros de Castro.
Caracterização do período de instabilidade de órgãos vegetais submetidos à injúria mecânica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-10)
Albino, Ana Lúcia Seghessi
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Pessoa, José Dalton Cruz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4212703554284544
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3740327062622042
Mechanical injuries are a major cause of post-harvest losses, since they may cause metabolic and physiological changes in fruit and vegetables. However there are few studies that characterize the state of the tissue after injury and during the reaction of the tissue, which was called "Period of Instability (PI). In this work the objective was to characterize the "Period of Instability (PI) of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and kale leaves (Brassica oleracea v. acephala L.) after harvest, injured by puncture with different diameters. So, it was realized a tissues histological study of and plants water status analysis subjected to injury by puncture with diameters of 1.5 and 3.5 mm. Analysis of the structure of kale leaf and tomato injured tissues was performed using techniques of light microscopy during 9 and 24 days after harvest, respectively. The water status was evaluated by firmness of tomatoes, turgor pressure and firmness of the kale leaves. They were examined for 19 days in tomatoes and for seven days in kale leaves. Healthy tissues of tomatoes 'Carmen' showed uniform arrangement until the 16th day after harvest. In the tomato injured tissues PI there was adherence to the dead cell walls on the healthy cells. Puncture injuries with diameters of 1.5 and 3.5 mm did not change the firmness of tomatoes in 'Carmen' stored at 25°C, but the tomatoes firmness decreased after two days of post-harvest. The healthy leaves of kale showed degradation of cellular structures after nine days of harvest. The injured leaves by puncturing the 1.5 and 3.5 mm exhibited PI with physiological response, characterized by the accumulation of mucilage in the damaged region. Firmness and turgor pressure were not altered in the kale leaves injured stored at 5°C. However, healthy and injured leaves had a water recovery from the first to the second day after harvest, when stored in refrigerator at 5°C. After the water recovery, the treatments have a decreased of firmness and turgor pressure, and the injured groups showed variation in the values of firmness between the fourth and seventh day of post-harvest.