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Avaliação da qualidade ambiental nas nascentes do Rio Monjolinho na porção à montante da Estação de Captação de Água do Espraiado, São Carlos - SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-01) Souza, Amanda Baldochi; Rocha, Odete; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9616304340855121
The unplanned development of urban communities strongly contributes to degradation of water resources, jeopardazing the quality of the water and the integrity of aquatic environments. The objetive of the present study was to evaluate the environmental quality of the water sources of River Monjolinho, located upstream the Water Pumping Station of Espraiado. Samplings were carried out in springs and afluent streams to Monjolinho River during two opposite climatic seasons, the rainy and the dry periods between 2009 and 2010. Physical and chemical analyses of water and sediment, ecotoxicological tests with Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Hyalella meinerti were performed for these two compartments. The benthic macroinvertebrates and diatom communities were analysed in order to evaluate the environmental quality of all these sites. These data were used in different approaches: diversity indices, the biotic index BMWP, multivariate analyses and the Environmental Quality Triad. The water from São Rafael Stream, and the sediments of Cascavel, Middle Monjolinho, Ponte de Tábua and São Rafael streams collected at different sites and sampling periods were toxic to the aquatic biota. The benthic macroinvertebrates community and diatoms analyses evidenced that there are strong differences in the environmental quality between springs and affluents from left margin and those from right margin of Monjolinho River as a result of riparian forest removal or due to the type of soil use: urbanization or agriculture. Restoration measures in the headwaters of São Rafael Stream started by the Municipal Prefecture of São Carlos did not result in better environment quality and rather evidenced a strong contamination. Besides this site, the springs of Belvedere and Ponte de Tábua streams are the river stretches where the strongest impacts swere verified, however, all springs and streams upstream the Espraiado Water Supply Pumping Station need special attention from local government due to the low quality of its waters, exception of the Espraiado Stream.
Utilização de sistemas agrícolas (tangerinas, citrus reticulata) por aves na região de Pilar do Sul, São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-01) Campolim, Marcelo Gonçalves; Piratelli, Augusto João; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4747322084219058; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6061461045140312; Francisco, Mercival Roberto; Donatelli, Reginaldo José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1506748621366483
This study aimed to compare environments of mandarin monocultures (Citrus reticulata) (P1, P2, P3, P4) with contiguous forest fragments (F1, F2, F3, F4) in its avifauna composition and dynamics. The point counts methodology was employed, and points were georeferenced 200m far from each other, and distributed along the plantations and fragments. Seven points were sampled each day of field work, remaining ten minutes in each one, recording all individuals seen and / or listen to an unlimited distance. From November 2009 to October 2010 after 6,730 minutes of observations (1970 and 4760 minutes in fragments and plantations respectivelly), we recorded 5978 contacts (1722 and 4256 in the fragments and in the plantations), which sampled 122 species from 43 families and 15 orders ( 73 passerine and 50 non-passerines). Of the 122 sampled species, 50 (41%) were common to both environments, 12 (10%) were found only in plantations and 60 (49%) only in the forest fragments. Generalist species assumed to be living in two studied environments appear to be well adapted in that region (Colaptes campestris, Furnarius rufus, Patagioenas picazuro, Pitangus sulphuratus, Turdus leucomelas, Vanellus chilensis and Zonotrichia capensis), a result of the disturbance of the environment and the intense anthropic interference . Even the species richness in the plantations not exceeding the fragments, one can propose that this is an attractive environment for part of the local avifauna. However, our data show that it is essential to maintaining patches of native vegetation for many species, which remain isolated even into agricultural systems of trees, as the case studied here, and are likely to disappear without the presence of these fragment.