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Estudo fitoquímico e quimiossitemático de Galipea, Swinglea (Rutaceae) e avaliação do potencial biológico dos compostos isolados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-07)
Cerqueira, Cristovam do Nascimento
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Silva, Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0457632122660653
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2532575955727305
The Galipea genus species classifications has been confuse since genus classification. Showing no agreement among taxonomists in several classification systems since 1823. However, Kallunki & Pirani corrected errors exist in the ancient botanical classification reclassify several species of Galipeas like Conchocarpus or Angostura. Thus, it was chosen a specie of Galipea (G. carinata) and one Angostura (A.bracteata) which previously belonged to Galipea in order to evaluate a possible parallelism between the classification proposed by Kallunki & Pirani with the chemical profile of the species studied. The phytochemical studies of the A. bracteata and G. carinata no led to the isolation of the secondary metabolites, though the research literature shows a relation of parallelism between the botanical classification based on morphology of species of the genus with the same chemical this one, but this relationship was only apparent when you compare the already isolated Conchocarpus s alkaloids with those of Angostura, where it was discovered that the alkyl and alquilarilquinolinicos alkaloids present in Angostura, are absent in Conchocarpus. In turn, the acridones and indolquinazolínicos alkaloids found in Conchocarpus were not observed in Angostura. The comparison of the aforementioned genres with Galipea was not discussed due to the few reported alkaloid (2-quinolone) for the species of this genus can not be classified as this specific. The Swinglea glutinosa, a species native to Asia, possesses many reports acridones alkaloids and coumarins isolated from its fruit, stem and roots, but these metabolites are reported from polar extracts, thus having no knowledge whatsoever of metabolites of low polarity. This work is also aimed at expanding the knowledge of the chemical profile of this species. The phytochemical study of S. glutinosa led to the isolation of two triterpenes: 3α-Hidroxiglutin-5-ene (08) and friedelin (09), a diterpene (2Z)-2-methyl-[2,5,5,8 a-tetrametildecaidronaftalen-1-yl] but-2-en-1-ol (07), two steroids, sitosterol (10) and stigmasterol (11), a flavanone: pinostrobine (07) and three amides: N-benzoiltiramida (01), N-{2 - [4 - (3-oxobutoxyl) phenyl] ethyl} benzamide (02), 2 (E) N-methyl-fenilacrilamide (05), the latter being new in the literature. The amide N-{2 - [4 - (2,3-dihydroxy-3-methyl-4-oxobutoxyl) phenyl] ethyl} benzamide (03) and carboxylic acid (04) acid 4 - {4 - [2 - (benzoilamino ) ethyl] phenoxyl} -2.3-dihydroxy-2-methylbutanoic was identified by GC-MS, where these two metabolites enhance the biogenesis of novel amide via O-prenylation then the loss due to carbon dioxide in several oxidations methyl terminal. Some of the compounds have their biological activity by testing tested against the Guignardia citricarpa of growth either in vitro mycelial where only the substance (08) showed an inhibition of about 50% and substance (07) stimulated the growth of the fungus. In the inhibition test of germination and appressorium formation, which evaluates the inhibition of fungal reproductive structure that is the main way of infection, the substance (08) showed an inhibition of 93.5% and 96.5% germination and training appressoria, respectively. The substance (02) inhibited 90.5% and 94.5% germination in appressorium formation. Thus, this work took place some fungicidal compounds with potential to control the fungus G. citricarpa.
Ecologia trófica e ecomorfologia da ictiofauna de igarapés maranhenses (Alcântara-MA)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-07)
Reis, Andressa da Silva
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Verani, José Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0053232138684810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2964017129613557
The trophic ecology is one of the most important aspects to understand the role of a species in the community and in the ecosystem functioning. Studies regarding the feeding of fishes coupled to the ecomorphology of a species become important tools in understanding their ecological role and position in the environment. The present study aimed to analyze the types and amount of food consumed by eleven species of fishes collected in six streams of Alcântara, Maranhão state, and assess their possible interspecific interactions. The specimens were collected in the rainy season, in January, and in the dry season, in November 2008. The analysis of morphology of the fish species was performed by measuring 17 characteristics and calculating 16 ecomorphological attributes. Analysis of the contents of the digestive tract was performed quantitatively and qualitatively. In order to determine the feeding habits of each species the frequency of occurrence, volume and alimentary index of each food item consumed were calculated. The majority of individuals analyzed was collected in the streams Igarapé do Camarajó and Igarapé do Brito. The trophic structure of fish assemblages of these two streams was diversified in both, rainy and dry seasons. The habit of the benthivore species Micropoecilia cf. parae and Apistogramma cf. piauienses was corroborated by their morphology. In the rainy season, there was a higher niche overlap in the diet of insectivorous species in the stream Igarapé do Camarajó, but the morphology of these species showed distinct spatial occupation of the habitat, thus allowing their coexistence. In the dry season most species had food overlap due to the consumption of organic detritus in the Igarapé do Camarajó stream and due to the consumption of chironomid larvae in the Igarapé do Brito stream. Fishes of Camarajó and Brito streams were more likely to feeding specialization in the rainy season and increased diversification of the items consumed during the dry season, indicated, respectively, by larger and smaller niche breadth. The changes in the trophic structure, in the niche overlap and in the niche breadth of fish community in the six streams studied indicate that fluctuations on the hydrological cycle in these streams are an important factor in the throphic dynamics of these fish communities.
Melhoria do cetano em óleo diesel : abertura do ciclo da decalina sobre catalisadores de Pt, Ir ou Rh suportados em zeólitas FAU e BEA
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-08)
Monteiro, Carlos Alberto de Araujo
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Cardoso, Dilson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2462847535959232
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5005955980758994
Environmental laws and stricter quality specifications have driven the development of technologies for improving the cetane number in diesel fuel. In addition to the saturation of (poly)aromatic compounds, responsible for limited gains, ring opening of at least one ring of (poly)cycloalkane, without loss of yield by cracking, is a promising strategy to maximize this property. Numerous studies have demonstrated the significant performance of Pt, Rh and Ir supported on zeolites for naphthenic ring opening in the hydroconversion of model compounds (naphthalene, tetralin and decalin). This study aimed to systematically assess the role of acid and hydrogenating functions for hydroconversion of decalin. It was also evaluated the effect of activation conditions (calcination and reduction), type of zeolite (Faujasite, FAU, or Beta, BEA), the content and type of metal (Pt, Ir or Rh). The influence of Pt-Ir and Pt-Rh bimetallic systems, as well as the inhibition by H2S, were studied in terms of the performance of these catalysts. For the catalytic precursors prepared, better activity and selectivity to ringopening products were obtained from calcination at 573 K and reduction at 713 K. This performance was consistent with a more homogeneous distribution of metallic particles on the support, and thus greater dispersion of the metallic phase. The reaction steps of ring contraction, ring opening and cracking were consecutive for the hydroconversion of decalin. It is noteworthy that the catalytic systems studied, under the operating conditions employed, yielded up to 45 mol% ring opening products and less than 15 mol% cracking products, at decalin conversions as high as 90 %. The Pt/BEA catalyst presented the best performance, thiotolerance (lower production of cracking products) and thioresistence (selectivity recovery after removal of H2S), followed by the Pt-It/BEA and Ir/BEA catalysts. This study allowed to highlight some peculiarities of the hydroconversion of decalin on noble metal/zeolite catalysts. Although decalin is a saturated molecule, his naphthenic character and probably the presence of a tertiary carbon in its structure, facilitates activation of the molecule directly on the strong acid sites of zeolite, even at relatively moderate temperatures. Thus, it is not necessary to form an olefin on a metal site and undergo subsequent protonation, as in a classical bifunctional mechanism, such as in hydroisomerization and hydrocracking of n-paraffins. However, the hydrogenation component of the catalyst influences the selectivity of the reaction, controlling the process of desorption/adsorption of any intermediate olefins formed. Greater hydrogenation activity implies lower availability of adsorbed carbocations that can be converted to cracking products. This proposition is consistent with the results obtained by varying the type and content of metal, support acidity and poisoning of the hydrogenation sites in the catalysts.
Efeitos de variáveis físicas e químicas na decomposição de recursos vegetais terrestres alagados em reservatórios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-08)
Fonseca, Andre Luiz dos Santos
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Bianchini Júnior, Irineu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0659731944736389
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5720488614645466
Reservoirs provide many benefits (e.g. recreation, water supply, electricity production) to human populations. However, the damming of a water body changes the characteristics from lotic to lentic environment. These changes affect the physical, chemical and biological ecosystem, such as the current velocity, the ecosystem depth, the light penetration, the amount of decomposed biomass, the oxygen consumption. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of physical and chemical variables (detritus quality, aerobic and anaerobic condition, current velocity and hydrostatic pressure) on the decomposition of terrestrial plant resources (leaves, branches and litter) that remain in the flooded area during the formation of the reservoirs. The results showed that: i) labile compounds of leaf litter consumed more dissolved oxygen in the initial stage of decomposition, according to their greater fragility and DOC amount. In addition, the accumulated dissolved oxygen consumption showed two phases during decomposition of debris, indicating that the composition of DOC was heterogeneous, ii) the mass loss of debris was greater in aerobic than in anaerobic condition; iii) the water velocity increased the mass loss of leaf and branches detritus due their abrasive effect. The mass loss was higher in leaf debris, according to their major fragility and higher surface area and volume ratio, iv) the hydrostatic pressure (equivalent to 30 and 100 m depth) did not influence the decomposition of leaves and branches detritus; v) the detritus quality was a factor that determined the action of environmental variables studied (dissolved oxygen availability and current velocity) on the detritus decomposition process.
Análise da influência das condições de mistura por extrusão sobre o comportamento de blendas poliméricas PBT/ABS
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-09)
Prezenszky, André Cortegoso
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Hage Júnior, Elias
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1240692926327687
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8881087453572394
At the present work several properties of PBT/ABS blends processed with different extrusion conditions as feed rate, screw speed and profile and die geometry were studied in order to verify how these parameters affect their properties. The specimens were obtained directly from the extruded blends to keep extrusion characteristics on the results. The main reason to add ABS to the PBT was to have tough PBT/ABS blends. It was verified that even without a compatibilizer, impact strength of the blends was higher than the impact strength of neat components. In addition, the ductile brittle temperature transition (DBTT) has decreased almost 60ºC when compared to the neat PBT. It was also verified that differences on processing parameters affect mostly DBTT, exhibiting values in the range of -5ºC to 40ºC. The best results were obtained using higher feed rates, low screw speed rotation, kneading blocks lagged 90º and shorter dies. It was also developed a degradation evaluation method and showed that the thermal mechanical degradation of the blend components can be verified by analyzing the consumption of the double bonds of the polybutadiene rich phase from ABS and the reduction of molecular weight of PBT. Although adequate results were obtained on preliminary degradation analyses of the components mixed in a torque rheometer, the method was insufficiently sensitive to identify significant differences on the degradation of blend components processed in a twin screw extruder.
Análise de medidas mitigatórias de impactos antrópicos negativos à mastofauna em uma paisagem rural em São Carlos-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-09)
Tezori, Rogerio Franco Flores
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Garavello, Júlio César
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2778105126670170
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6262000648248079
The human pressures on natural environments generate fragmentation and loss of habitat, one of the main threats to biodiversity. Using the terrestrial mammals as indicators, it were evaluated the ecological corridor Embrapa- Fazenda Engenho Velho (Old Mill Farm) and a silvopastoral system to determine if they actually mitigate the negative impacts of local farming. Four linear transects were laid in two fragments of semideciduous forest in the ecological corridor that connects them and made 24 observations, including the branch tunnels (one with 0.9 m in diameter and another with 2.5 x2m) under the highway Guilherme Scatena (that divides the ecological corridor) and its coasting. With the data was constructed a dendrogram of similarity (Jaccard coefficient). In the silvopastoral system and conventional grazing, were placed four cages (15x15x40cm) in each and 20 observations were made. The results demonstrate the presence of 27 species in the fragments, seven of which use the corridor and only two uses the tunnel passage. The similarity between the fragments is high (65%), but decays over the corridor (44%) and the tunnel passage (19%), which shows that the ecological corridor is not fulfilling its role of facilitating the exchange of individuals among the fragments for greater genetic variability in local populations. Furthermore, the coasting had 11 species (45% similarity with fragments), but no individual was found run over, suggesting that in this case, the speed bumps installed on the highway are the most effective tools for conservation than the actual tunnel passage. The largest tunnel presented seven species, but lacks the vegetation in the surroundings unlike smaller tunnel, suggesting that for the branch tunnels, it is extremely important to their size. In the silvopastoral system were found four individuals from three genera (Calomys, Akodon and Oligorizomys) and in the common grazing, eight individuals of the genus Calomys, suggesting that silvopastoral systems are better to maintain species richness. We conclude that there are viable alternatives to improve production and maintain biodiversity, native vegetation with the best connection, but the deployments must be accomplished effectively and not only for law enforcement, without ever having a monitoring of its function, as occurs in most rural areas of the country subjected to this type of activity. Also we can t think that the mere fact of clearing vegetation and deploy these systems are solutions to the environmental crisis, but to optimize the use of land already cleared for such deployment.
Registros de movimentos do pescoço: estado da arte, validação e aplicação e avaliação durante o trabalho de técnicos de enfermagem
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-09)
Carnaz, Letícia
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Coury, Helenice Jane Cote Gil
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3021199199918426
Neck pain has been highly prevalent among workers. In occupational settings physical risk factors, especially posture, are considered fundamental in neck pain development. However, neck posture and movements have not been properly evaluated at workplace due to the use of not reliable measurement methods. Furthermore, most of the studies that evaluate posture during occupational activities have focused on the wrist and hand assessment. Thus, in order to contribute with information about neck movements recording in occupational settings, three related studies were developed. The aim of the first study was to investigate the applications and limitations of the systems for direct measurement of neck movement in the workplace. The results of this study showed that in most of the articles the three axes of neck movement were not simultaneously recorded. Deficiencies in available equipment explain this flaw, demonstrating that sensors and systems need to be improved so that a true understanding of real occupational exposure can be achieved. Further studies are also needed to assess neck movement in those who perform heavy‐duty work, such as nurses and electricians, since no report about such jobs was identified. Based on these results, an option to record three‐dimensional neck movements in occupational settings is the use of flexible electrogoniometers. But neither electrogoniometers, nor inclinometers (direct measurement most commonly used) were compared with a system considered more accurate and precise. Then, the objective of the second study was to assess concurrent validity between flexible electrogoniometers (EGM), inclinometers (INC) and a three‐dimensional analysis system based on video recording (IMG) in simultaneous and synchronized data collection. EGM presented high differences when compared with INC and IMG. Moreover, the EGM sensors physically restricted the full neck flexion‐extension range of motion. Inclinometers, which cannot record rotation movement, presented good concurrent validity in relation to IMG, except for flexion‐extension movement. Due to non‐optimal conditions during flexion‐extension movement, IMG underestimated these movements. The results of the studies described above designed the third study that aimed to quantify the head, upper back and upper arm postures of practical nurses while performing their occupational activities and to verify if there are differences between the postures of professionals with and without symptoms. The results showed that most of the activities of practical nurses involve considerable postural risk for the head, upper back and upper arms. The postural risk varied among tasks: there was more exposure for the neck region when separating medication and keeping medical records. In general, workers with symptoms in the neck and upper arm region presented greater amplitude of movement and a higher fraction of time spent in awkward postures than asymptomatic workers, but with no significant difference between these two groups.
Aspectos cinéticos da degradação aeróbia e anaeróbia de Cyperus giganteus, Eichhornia azurea e Egeria najas da lagoa do Óleo (Estação Ecológica de Jataí, Luiz Antônio, SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-10)
Gimenes, Karen Zauner
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Bianchini Júnior, Irineu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0659731944736389
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3598431426445471
This study aimed to assess the effects of temperature on different aspects of aerobic and anaerobic degradation of aquatic macrophytes from different ecological groups: Cyperus giganteus (emergent), Eichhornia azurea (fixed floating) and Egeria najas (submerged). Considering these purposes, the carbon balance and mass decay, the cellulase and peroxidase activity in the degradation of cellulose and lignin, the oxygen consumption, as well as changes in pH, conductivity and humification degree caused by decomposition in the environment were analysed. In laboratory, decomposition chambers containing aquatic macrophyte and water samples were prepared and maintained under controlled conditions according to the experimental design. The results showed that: (i) temperature changes affected the mass loss coefficients of labile/soluble fractions of debris, but did not alter the mass loss coefficients of refractory fraction; (ii) the temperature increase accelerated the cellulose decay of E. azurea and E. najas detritus, being indifferent to those of C. giganteus; increased the lignin decay of C. giganteus and E. najas debris, although there was no lignin degradation of E. azurea within the experimental period; increased the peroxidase activity of the three species selected detritus and of the cellulase of C. giganteus and E. najas detritus, having the opposite effect on E. azurea debris; led to an increase in oxygen consumption in C. giganteus and E. azurea debris decomposition, having the opposite effect on E. najas decomposition; (iii) regardless to temperature, the content of particulate organic carbon and the half-life times were lower for submerged species and higher for the emerging one, which showed the highest contents of cellulose and lignin; (iv) the E. najas decomposition presented the highest dissolved oxygen consumption in the shortest time; (v) the mass loss of macrophytes detritus were faster under aerobic than under anaerobic condition.
(In)Constantes transformações: relações e conceitos no pensamento do antropólogo Eduardo Viveiros de Castro
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-10)
Massaro, Tatiana de Lourdes
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Peggion, Edmundo Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9849805103860827
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3475890154199559
This study to understand what a social relation is, showing the anthropologist Eduardo Viveiros de Castro s concepts and ideas in his bibliography. This is a research about a social relation concept that is still being developed and studied by the contemporary anthopologist Viveiros de Castro. This work focuses on articles related to the Amerindian thoughts and issues. For the Amerindians, the social relation idea is a wider concept and different from ours. For then, humans beings and animals have different shapes but similar human essence. My work is based on the social relation concept, mainly the one studied in the first ethnological work Indivíduo e Sociedade no Alto Xingu (1977) by Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, the doctoral thesis Araweté: os deuses canibais (1986) by the same author and A Inconstância da Alma Selvagem (2002a), where there are many articles gathered signed by Viveiros de Castro.
Caracterização do período de instabilidade de órgãos vegetais submetidos à injúria mecânica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-10)
Albino, Ana Lúcia Seghessi
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Pessoa, José Dalton Cruz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4212703554284544
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3740327062622042
Mechanical injuries are a major cause of post-harvest losses, since they may cause metabolic and physiological changes in fruit and vegetables. However there are few studies that characterize the state of the tissue after injury and during the reaction of the tissue, which was called "Period of Instability (PI). In this work the objective was to characterize the "Period of Instability (PI) of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and kale leaves (Brassica oleracea v. acephala L.) after harvest, injured by puncture with different diameters. So, it was realized a tissues histological study of and plants water status analysis subjected to injury by puncture with diameters of 1.5 and 3.5 mm. Analysis of the structure of kale leaf and tomato injured tissues was performed using techniques of light microscopy during 9 and 24 days after harvest, respectively. The water status was evaluated by firmness of tomatoes, turgor pressure and firmness of the kale leaves. They were examined for 19 days in tomatoes and for seven days in kale leaves. Healthy tissues of tomatoes 'Carmen' showed uniform arrangement until the 16th day after harvest. In the tomato injured tissues PI there was adherence to the dead cell walls on the healthy cells. Puncture injuries with diameters of 1.5 and 3.5 mm did not change the firmness of tomatoes in 'Carmen' stored at 25°C, but the tomatoes firmness decreased after two days of post-harvest. The healthy leaves of kale showed degradation of cellular structures after nine days of harvest. The injured leaves by puncturing the 1.5 and 3.5 mm exhibited PI with physiological response, characterized by the accumulation of mucilage in the damaged region. Firmness and turgor pressure were not altered in the kale leaves injured stored at 5°C. However, healthy and injured leaves had a water recovery from the first to the second day after harvest, when stored in refrigerator at 5°C. After the water recovery, the treatments have a decreased of firmness and turgor pressure, and the injured groups showed variation in the values of firmness between the fourth and seventh day of post-harvest.
Serviços ecossistêmicos do reservatório da UHE Carlos Botelho (Lobo-Broa): uma nova abordagem para o gerenciamento e planejamento dos múltiplos usos de represas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-13)
Periotto, Natalia Andricioli
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Tundisi, José Galizia
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5730659239785432
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1566592373309531
Reservoirs of hydroelectric power generation plants are of strategic importance due to its multiple uses as generation of clean energy, water supply, and other social economic opportunities since the beginning of construction, which may also cause negative impacts. Assessing ecosystem services is an approach to complement Environmental Impact Assessment and a tool for cost-effectiveness analysis. This study identified 20 ecosystem services of Carlos Botelho (Lobo-Broa) hydroelectric power plant reservoir (Itirapina, São Paulo, Brazil) and its upstream wetlands, from Itaqueri River and Lobo Stream. It has also assigned qualitative and quantitative values for these services and analyzed their drivers of change. Qualitative valuation indicated direct and indirect influence of ecosystem services on human well-being. Preliminary quantitative valuation resulted in USD 120,445,657.87.ha-1 or USD 45,623.35.ha- 1.year-1, highlighting that losses on indirect use ecosystem services, as groundwater recharge, may reflect on local and regional economy. Analysis of drivers indicated that adequate and efficient environmental management along Tietê-Jacaré hydrographic basin, especially concerning the recovery of spatial heterogeneity, is necessary to avoid ecosystem services losses, especially tourism and recreation that provide local economic fluxes and human well-being.
Trajetória e perfil dos adolescentes em conflito com a lei atendidos pelo NAI - São Carlos-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-14)
Guimarães, Carlos Eduardo
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Mancuso, Maria Inês Rauter
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3044299425417905
Abstract Segments of the teenager population in Brazilian cities are in situations of personal and social risk and some of these young people are involved in illegal activity. Each district, however, while sharing common factors of teenager vulnerability with others can have specific factors affecting the kind of infractions committed. Detailed knowledge of the context of a specific population is crucial to the implementation of public policies that answer the needs of that population. In Sao Carlos there is a Center for Integrated Procedures (Nucleo de Atendimento Integrado NAI) that channels centrally all the juvenile actions taken by official and unofficial institutions in that city. The Centre is, therefore, an important agency in the field of public policies toward the teenager population and a privileged source of data for those aiming to research the behavior of the adolescent population, since it collects all information about teenagers who break the law. Therefore, accessing these data by document analysis allowed the following objectives to be attained: i) to identify the infractions that led to teenagers being seen by NAI; ii) to analyze the changes over the years (from 2002 to 2008) in the incidence of these infractions; by surveying the literature, it will be possible (and this is the third aim of this study) to compare the results obtained in Sao Carlos with those in other towns Sao Paulo city, Brasilia and Ribeirao Preto and even with those in Sao Carlos itself in periods prior to the implementation of NAI. The literature review, focused on the question of social relations existing in the teenagers´ world, especially the types of vulnerability that put them at risk such as violence and their active or passive contact with drugs. This was an explanatory study and the quantitative data, taken from the period 2002 2008, were collected in NAI and organized with the computer package Statistica. The results were followed up by field research, based on a predefined questionnaire approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Sao Carlos. Hence, the fourth objective was achieved: the interviews allowed the identification of the elements of teenager vulnerability, in other words those factors that led the adolescents to break the laws, as well as affording a more complete characterization of the interviewees.
Modelo adaptativo fuzzy genético, preditivo e multiobjetivo para despacho de AGVs
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-14)
Caridá, Vinicius Fernandes
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Morandin Júnior, Orides
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4192845106907956
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0843328163052788
In recent years, most companies apply techniques of industrial automation with the goal of increasing its efficiency. Increasingly Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) are used to transport work in factories and warehouses. The management of these AGV is the key to an efficient transport system. One of the main problems encountered in the management of AGV is the dispatching decision. This work proposes a method of dispatching of AGV with the ability to optimize the performance of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) in real time. In the dispatching deciding can be chosen to optimize two objectives: makespan or tardiness. When the goal is to optimize the makespan are evaluated variables: distance, number of nodes, the input buffer and output buffer of the workstation. When the goal is to optimize the tardiness are evaluated variables: distance, number of nodes, task chaining, date of delivery. In both cases are also considered the time of the AGVs and the processing times of the workstations, so you can anticipate some decision-making. To perform the tests we used the softwares: Matlab, CPNtools and Automod, which allow simulations of how the method works dispatching AGVs before the method is implemented in factories. Based on the tests, we analyzed the improvement in makespan and tardiness compared to other studies, but also the flexibility of the method in which it is possible to exchange goals in operating time.
Ampliação do repertório verbal de quatro bebês: ensino de ecóico, relação auditivo-visual e tato
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-15)
Löhr, Thaise
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Gil, Maria Stella Coutinho de Alcântara
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1673770301699940
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8622825623659235
The present study undertakes teaching tactile response to four infants, ages 26-29 months, with limited exposure to verbal stimulation. The decision to teach tact response is based on the concept that it is one of the most important categories of verbal operants, therefore, a strong aspect of their control is dependent upon the antecedent stimulation in the physical environment. By controlling the child s antecedent environmental stimuli, she then has a wide variety of circumstances for learning, and, as a result, can enhance her verbal repertoire. In order to verify whether tact learning could enhance conditional discrimination learning, a pairing procedure Matching to Sample Auditory-Visual (MTS) was used as a measure of discrimination learning, plus interlaced tact training. In this manner, two teaching procedures were performed: teaching of vocal tact and MTS. Two babies began training with vocal tact, and two begain with MTS. The tact training consisted of instruction/commands by an adult as a condition for the issuance by the baby of: echoics, selective responses and vocal tact responses. The results indicated that the cumulative curves for solicitation of echoics and selection by the researcher and the corresponding curves for the correct responses by the children had gradual positive acceleration. The performance curves of each of the babies, relative to tact, presented a more accentuated curve relative to the cumulative curves for tact requests by the researchers. The data suggest that the teaching of tact response to the tact command can be considered the more exigent task, compared to the demands of echoic and response selection, ahead of vocalization of the object s name. The results warrant discussion of the concomitance of learning echoic response and selection of objects upon vocalization of the name. The outcome of the MTS is that the four participants achieved the learning criterion for the discrimination of presented stimuli. In the statistical analysis of the correlation between percentage of hits with MTS and the percentage of correct responses in the three tact teaching situations, the results indicate that three of the four participants had a directly proportional relative increase between the MTS correct responses and selection solicitation correct responses. For just one participant, the statistical analysis indicated an higher correlation between the tact solicitation correct responses and MTS correct responses, however, this participant required a greater degree of behavioral listener-speaker training with familiar objects. The teaching method used, which interlaced tact training with MTS was as effective for teaching vocal tact as for teaching conditional discrimination.
Natação e treinamento de força: influências sobre a expressão gênica de TNF-alfa e IL-10, área de adipócitos e perfil lipídico em ratos obesos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-16)
Speretta, Guilherme Fleury Fina
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Duarte, Ana Cláudia Garcia de Oliveira
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1996950253264696
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4518946333094830
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of swimming and resistance training exercise on adipose tissue, inflammation and lipid profile in highfat feeding rats. Wistar adult male rats were divided into 6 groups (n = 10 per group): Sed-C, sedentary chow diet; Sed-HL, sedentary high-fat diet; NT-C, swimming chow diet; NT-HL, swimming high-fat diet; TF-C, resistance training chow diet; TF-HL resistance training high-fat diet. An 8-week training period was used. During it period the animals of resistance training groups climbed a 1.1-m vertical ladder with weights attached to their tails. The sessions were performed once every 3 days, with 4 9 climbs and 8 12 dynamic movements per climb. Swimming groups performed 60 min/day, 5 days a week, with a constant overload of 5% body weight during 8 weeks in tanks of 50 cm of height and 30 cm of diameter. High fat-diet increased body weight, relative weight of adipose tissue (epididymal, retroperitoneal, visceral and subcutaneous) and adipose tissue area (epididymal, retroperitoneal and visceral). There was higher TNF-alpha expression and lower (not significant) IL-10 expression in visceral adipose tissue and negative change in lipid profile because of the high-fat diet. Resistance training presented lower values of visceral and retroperitoneal adipocyte area, lower TNF-alpha expression and changed lipid profile. Swimming presented lower epididymal and retroperitoneal adipocyte area, higher IL-10 expression and changed lipid profile. These results indicate the potential benefits of resistance training and swimming as non pharmacological alternatives to control the effects of high-fat diet on adipocyte area, lipid profile and inflammatory process in rats.
Estimativas locais para complexos elíticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-16)
Picon, Tiago Henrique
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Hounie, Jorge Guillermo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7302904386484949
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7853908129934448
In this work, we extend some global L1 estimates proved by Bourgain-Brezis in the case of the de Rham complex on RN to the setup of local L1 estimates for elliptic complexes, namely, those associated to involutive elliptic structures spanned by a family of linearly independent smooth complex vector fields. In particular, we obtain a local version of Gagliardo-Nirenberg estimates for elliptic systems of vector fields.
Correlacões quânticas: medidas e simetrias
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-17)
Souza, Simone Ferreira
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Mizrahi, Salomon Sylvain
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8143137168199991
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3212711417963133
In this thesis, we explore two sort of quantum correlations: entanglement and quantum discord. We present a geometric method to identify and measure the degree of entanglement based on symmetries of vectors and matrices associated with the two-qubits density operator of quantum states. We introduce a new basis of parameters describing the density operator, and this procedure allows us to establish the Peres-Horodecki separability criterion in terms of squared distances that obey the Minkowski metric, giving a more general interpretation of this criterion as well as building a quantifier of entanglement. In this method, if the squared distance is of the kind timelike, i.e. non-negative, the two-qubit system is separable. Otherwise, if it is spacelike, namely, the squared distance is negative, the two qubits are entangled. Such squared distances are invariant by unitary transformations and can be represented graphically in a hyperbolic parameterized phase space, allowing a suitable graphic representation, i.e., in a phase space where the system trajectories can be drawn. The method is generalized to a larger class of states having at most seven independent parameters, the D-7 manifold class. Using group theory methods we classify these states according to the symmetries of seven generators, where one of them commutes with the others. We illustrate the method and the theory by presenting several two-qubit systems found in the literature. This same notation is used to calculate the quantum discord for states whose 4 × 4 matrices belong to the D-7 manifold class, providing a more explicit condition of minimization of entropy. We calculate the dissipative dynamics of two-qubits quantum discord under local noisy environments. Choosing initial conditions that manifest the so-called sudden death of entanglement, we compare the dynamics of entanglement with that of quantum discord and we show that in cases where the entanglement suddenly disappears, quantum discord vanishes only in the asymptotic limit.
Estudo fitoquímico de Astronium graveolens (Anacardiaceae) e da ação de seus constituintes sobre o formigueiro de Atta sexdens rubropilosa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-17)
Villari, Maria Fernanda Martinez
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Fernandes, João Batista
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2691336077459602
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2002147054259410
Brazil has a rich fauna and flora, for these reasons it is called as mega-diverse country. This diversity enables the isolation and identification of substances that become promising in several areas and an example is the insecticidal activity of various substances in agriculture. This study presents the identification of volatiles from leaves, the phytochemical study and insecticidal and fungicidal test of fractions of organic extracts of Astronium graveolens (Anacardiaceae) that belong to the Order Sapindales. Among the fractions tested against leaf-cutting ants (Atta sexdens rubropilosa) and their symbiotic fungus, Leucoagaricus gongylophorus, ethyl acetate fractions of ethanolic extracts of roots, stems and branches showed good activities. In parallel was evaluated the action of those fractions against Spodoptera frugiperda, however, those fractions did not showed promising activities. Phytochemical study of ethyl acetate fractions resulted in the isolation of 11 secondary metabolites, two flavonoids: 5,3',4'-trihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone and myricetin-3-O-_-L-rhaminosídeo, three phenolic compounds: epigallocatechin methyl ester, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3- O-galoil-5-cafeoilchinic acid (inedited); six dimeric chalcones, (7S,8"R)-(2',4,4',5, tetrahydroxychalcone-(2_7",8_8 ')-2' ,4",4"'-trihydroxy-7",8"-dihydrochalcone; (7R,8S,7"S,8"R)-2',4,4',5,7-pentahydroxy-7,8-dihydrochalcone-(2_7",8_8")- 2 ',4",4"'-trihydroxy-7",8"dihydrochalcone; (7S,8R,7 S,8 S)-2',4,4',5,7-pentahydroxy- 7,8-dihydrochalcone-(2_7",8_8")-2 ',4",4"'-trihydroxy-7",8"-dihydrochalcone; rel- (7S,8S,7"S,8S)-tetrahydro-7,7''-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7,7''(furandil)-8,8,2.4''- dihydroxiphenyl;4,5,4 dihydroxy-7,2 -oxo-chalcone-(2_7 ,8_8 )-2 ,4 ,4 ,2 ,4 - trihydroxychalcone; 4,4 dihydroxy-7,2 -oxo-chalcone-(2_7 ,8_8 )-2 ,4 ,2 ,4 - tetrahydroxychalcone . The dimeric chalcones are new to the genera and, except first one, in the literature.
Efeitos do treinamento resistido sobre a expressão gênica de moléculas envolvidas na oxidação de gordura e na lipogênese no fígado de ratas ovariectomizadas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-17)
Domingos, Mateus Moraes
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Perez, Sergio Eduardo de Andrade
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9408953831211309
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3127019830672018
Decreased levels of estrogen are associated with hepatic steatosis (HS), through changes in gene expression of molecules related to fat oxidation and lipogenesis. Both resistance training (RT) and endurance training (ET) prevents the HS in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats. However, the molecular events associated with this process were only investigated for ET but not for RT. Aims: Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ovx and RT on the gene expression of molecules related to fat oxidation and lipogenesis in the liver of rats. Methods: Sprague-Dawley adult female rats were grouped into four groups (n = 6 per group): sham-operated sedentary (Sham-Sed); Ovx sedentary (Ovx-Sed); sham-Rt and Ovx- Rt. A 10-week RT period, during which the animals climbed a 1.1-m vertical ladder with weights attached to their tails, was used. The sessions were performed three times a week, with 4-9 climbs and 8-12 dynamic movements per climb. Gene expression was analyzed by RT-PCR by the ΔΔCt method. Results: The estrogen deficiency associated with ovariectomy decreased the gene expression of molecules related to fat oxidation, carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (53%) and β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (27%), and increased of molecules related to lipogenesis, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (106%), acetyl-CoA carboxilase (ACC) (72%) and stearoyl CoA desaturase-1 (109%), which had their expression restored to the RT, with the exception of the ACC. Conclusions: The present results indicate that the RT may have important effects on the prevention of HS in Ovx animals, possibly through the restoration in gene expression of molecules related to hepatic lipid metabolism
Síntese e caracterização de complexos de fórmula geral [Ru(AA)(P-P)(N-N)]PF6, onde (AA= aminoácidos; PP=bifosfinas; N-N= 2,2 -bipiridina e derivados e 1,10-fenantrolina): avaliação de suas potencialidades citotóxicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-20)
Santos, Edjane Rocha dos
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Batista, Alzir Azevedo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469642481998660
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5133211995526143
The present work describes the syntheses and characterization of complexes of general formula [Ru(AA)(P-P)(N-N)]PF6 where AA = aminoacids (Gly, Ala, Val, Met, Tyr, Trp, Leu, Arg, Ser, Lys, His); P-P = 1,4- bis(diphenylphosphino)butane and 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane; N-N= 1,10- phenanthroline, 4,4 -dimethyl-2,2 -bipyridine, 5,5 -dimethyl-2,2 -bipyridine e 4,4 - methoxy-2-2'-bipy. The complexes were evaluated against cell lines MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 (breast tumor cells), DU-145 (prostate tumor cells) and in FGH and V79 (fibroblasts, normal cells), HeLa (colon tumor cells), as well as antimicrobial tests (tuberculosis) and antiparasite (malaria (CW-2 chloroquine resistant) and Chagas disease (Y-form) ). By analytical techniques such as elemental analysis, UV-vis and infrared spectroscopies and nuclear magnetic resonance (31P{1H}, 13C{1H} and 1H), it was possible to confirm the proposed structures for the synthesized compounds. By the 31P{1H}, 13C and 1H NMR spectra, it was suggested the presence of isomers, these data combined with the X-ray structure analysis of the [Ru(LLeu)( dppb)(bipy)]PF6, allowed us to conclude that those isomers are diastereoisomers. The cyclic voltammograms of all the complexes are similar with the first anodic wave around 1.1 V being attributed to the oxidation RuII→RuIII, and the second anodic wave, in 1.2 V, is attributed to the oxidation of the COO- group of the aminoacid ligands. In the IR spectra of the complexes, characteristic stretching bands of the group NH2 and COO- were observed, which are found shifted to higher frequencies when compared to the free aminoacid. The complexes here studied presented promising results against diseases evaluated. The values of the IC50 for some of the compounds showed 31,5-fold lower than the cisplatin. The antimycobacterial tests were satisfactory, since the complexes showed lower MIC values than some drugs actually used in the tuberculosis treatment. Considering the antiparasitic tests, low IC50 values were also observed.