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Alinhamento de árvores sintáticas português-inglês
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-20) Araújo, Josué Garcia de; Caseli, Helena de Medeiros; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6608582057810385
The manual translation of a source natural language into a target natural language is a task that demands time and expertise. In order to reduce the work needed for manual translations, the aim is to accomplish this task through Machine Translation (MT) systems. Since the 1940s, various approaches and techniques of MT have been proposed, investigated and evaluated in order to improve the quality of translations generated automatically. Nowadays, statistical machine translation methods are considered the state-of-art regarding the evaluation automatic measures commonly used in the area (such as BLEU and NIST), however a recent trend indicates that such systems will not improve their level of performance without the application of deeper linguistic knowledge, for instance, syntactic information. Thus, as an attempt to support the building of automatic translators, this dissertation presents the research, the implementation and the evaluation of parse trees alignment techniques. The computational tool for the automatic alignment of syntactic trees, result of this work, may be used to generate an extremely useful resource for various MT techniques: the aligned syntactic trees . This resource, so far unavailable for Brazilian Portuguese, will allow the development of new researches, which can provide the scientific advancement of the area. In this dissertation, a study of various techniques for parse trees alignment from the literature is presented. Besides, the pre-processing of a corpus for the inclusion of syntactic information from which the alignment is performed is also described, as well as the phases of lexical alignment and syntactic analysis. Some implementations and tests have been carried out with the pre-processed corpus, based on the theoretical foundations derived from the study of the techniques proposed in the literature. Based on the results of the intrinsic evaluation of the alignment, it was possible to conclude that the alignment of syntactic trees reached the accuracy of 97.36% and the coverage of 93.48% for tree pairs, representing parallel sentences in Brazilian Portuguese and in English by using different settings. Since the results have been promising, as future work, the aim is to apply the tool to a larger corpus of parallel syntactic trees, in order to obtain more examples of translation and, thus, allow its application to syntax-based machine translation techniques, such as syntax-based statistical methods or data-oriented translation.
Impacto de diferentes vias de contaminação por mercúrio inorgânico sobre os biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo, a função cardio-respiratória e o potencial de bioconcentração e biomagnificação em matrinxã, Brycon amazonicus (Spix & Agassiz, 1829) e em traíra, Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-20) Monteiro, Diana Amaral; Kalinin, Ana Lúcia; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5493936744279888; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0358411551730768
Both the mercury (Hg) and their compounds are recognized as important pollutants, because they are persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic. The largest sources of mercury pollution are chloride-alkaline industry and gold mining. The growing contribution of Hg in aquatic environments results in high accumulation of mercury in fishes tissue and their consumers, which poses a serious risk to humans and ecosystems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of acute exposure (96 hours), via water, and a sub-chronic exposure (30 days), via food, to sub-lethal doses of inorganic mercury (HgCl2) in two species Brazilian fishes ecologically distinct, matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) and traíra (Hoplias malabaricus). The cardiorespiratory responses to normoxia (140 mmHg) and graded hypoxia (120 - 10 mmHg), cardiac contractility in vitro, biomarkers of oxidative stress and the potential for bioconcentration and biomagnification were analyzed. The results show that exposure of these species to HgCl2 induces oxidative stress in different tissues, limiting the maintenance of cardiac contractility by reducing the force of myocardial contraction and modulates the response pattern of cardio-respiratory variables to graded hypoxia front, making the species more susceptible to environmental variations of O2. Regarding matrinxã specifically, the critical points highlighted were mainly severe oxidative stress in heart and white muscle; marked reduction of contraction force of isolated heart muscle; hyperventilation and increase the value of the critical tension of O2 in more than 100%; and intense bioconcentration in all tissue whose values exceeded the maximum allowed. In the case of traíras the results were: oxidative stress in the liver and gills; hypoventilation; decreased in metabolic rate and O2 extraction; and bradycardia with impaired electrical conduction as first degree atrioventricular block and lengthiness of the potential plateau action of cardiac muscle. Therefore, the data indicate that mercury via food or water and in environmentally relevant concentrations, can have a negative impact on behavior, health, performance and success of the species, making their survival and/or vulnerable populations.
Síntese e caracterização de complexos de fórmula geral [Ru(AA)(P-P)(N-N)]PF6, onde (AA= aminoácidos; PP=bifosfinas; N-N= 2,2 -bipiridina e derivados e 1,10-fenantrolina): avaliação de suas potencialidades citotóxicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-20) Santos, Edjane Rocha dos; Batista, Alzir Azevedo; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6469642481998660; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5133211995526143
The present work describes the syntheses and characterization of complexes of general formula [Ru(AA)(P-P)(N-N)]PF6 where AA = aminoacids (Gly, Ala, Val, Met, Tyr, Trp, Leu, Arg, Ser, Lys, His); P-P = 1,4- bis(diphenylphosphino)butane and 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane; N-N= 1,10- phenanthroline, 4,4 -dimethyl-2,2 -bipyridine, 5,5 -dimethyl-2,2 -bipyridine e 4,4 - methoxy-2-2'-bipy. The complexes were evaluated against cell lines MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 (breast tumor cells), DU-145 (prostate tumor cells) and in FGH and V79 (fibroblasts, normal cells), HeLa (colon tumor cells), as well as antimicrobial tests (tuberculosis) and antiparasite (malaria (CW-2 chloroquine resistant) and Chagas disease (Y-form) ). By analytical techniques such as elemental analysis, UV-vis and infrared spectroscopies and nuclear magnetic resonance (31P{1H}, 13C{1H} and 1H), it was possible to confirm the proposed structures for the synthesized compounds. By the 31P{1H}, 13C and 1H NMR spectra, it was suggested the presence of isomers, these data combined with the X-ray structure analysis of the [Ru(LLeu)( dppb)(bipy)]PF6, allowed us to conclude that those isomers are diastereoisomers. The cyclic voltammograms of all the complexes are similar with the first anodic wave around 1.1 V being attributed to the oxidation RuII→RuIII, and the second anodic wave, in 1.2 V, is attributed to the oxidation of the COO- group of the aminoacid ligands. In the IR spectra of the complexes, characteristic stretching bands of the group NH2 and COO- were observed, which are found shifted to higher frequencies when compared to the free aminoacid. The complexes here studied presented promising results against diseases evaluated. The values of the IC50 for some of the compounds showed 31,5-fold lower than the cisplatin. The antimycobacterial tests were satisfactory, since the complexes showed lower MIC values than some drugs actually used in the tuberculosis treatment. Considering the antiparasitic tests, low IC50 values were also observed.
Viabilidade sócio ambiental do cooperativismo no setor de pesca profissional na Baixada Cuiabana/MT
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-20) Ávila, Gabriela Rocha Priante Teles de; Silva, Carolina Joana da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5253872582067659
Changes in vectors that indirectly affect biodiversity, including population, technology and lifestyle, may lead to changes in vectors that affect biodiversity directly, including fishing and fertilizer application. This result in changes in ecosystems and services they offer, affecting human well-being. These interactions can occur in more than one scale. Different strategies and interventions can be applied in many parts of this structure in order to ensure the well‐being and conserve the ecosystems. Traditional communities have their way of life related to their living environment, and recently have been studied in order to ensure sustainability with a focus on human well‐being based on the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, in order to implement the established in the National Politics of Sustainable Development to Traditional Peoples and Communities. This study was conducted at the Fishermen Cooperative and Artisans of Pai André and Bonsucesso (Coorimbatá), which gathers people from the urban area of Cuiabá and riverine communities of Bonsucesso and Pai André, located in Várzea Grande, Mato Grosso, to assess the strategies adopted by Cooperative for the well-being of the cooperative members and the use of natural resources of local biodiversity. The study s hypothesis is that the way the Cooperative Coorimbatá was structured from the amendment of its Statute in 2000, meets the fundamentals of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment with regard to the conservation and sustainable use of ecosystems. It also contributes to creating environments for dialogue and action for the sharing of knowledge between traditional peoples and academics, looking forward the human well-being. The method used to prove whether or not this hypothesis has the qualitative research approach to data sources in semi-structured interviews with the founders of the Cooperative Coorimbatá and fishermen from Bonsucesso and Pai André communities, projects and reports made by Coorimbatá. Within an ergological focus, were also made visits to local fishing community of Bonsucesso, with interviews by the self-confrontation method, to obtain additional information to better understand this phenomenon. The semi-structured interview was made from a questionnaire with questions regarding: life history; Cooperative Coorimbatá meaning; type of work, leaders identification, Cooperative s expectations. Initially, the Cooperative main product was fish, however due to this natural resource is no longer available as it was in previous years, the Cooperative began to add other products in its supply chain as fruits raisins (dried), cassava chips, brazilian nuts and more recently the alligator. Know and reveal the lifestyle of these members, their relationships and interactions with the river are important tools to be used in discussions and implementation of public politics.