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Inclusão escolar do aluno com deficiência intelectual no estado de São Paulo: identificação e caracterização
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-27) Veltrone, Aline Aparecida; Mendes, Enicéia Gonçalves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1722457389149806
Due to the lack of appropriate definitions, criteria and methods, the scientific literature in special education in Brazil has always highlighted the need to develop assessment procedures with certain standards that should be available to identify students with intellectual disabilities. This uncertainty is reinforced by the lack of consensus on the methods of identifying and labeling students with learning disabilities. However, the prospect of school inclusion, which encompass strategies and practices that support and enable meaningful inclusion of disabled students into the mainstream of the school system, similarly requires identification to meet the eligibility criteria stipulated by Specialized Educational Services (ESA). Whereas within the category of intellectual disability almost half of all pupils with special educational needs are enrolled, and that this figure greatly impacts the funding received from educational systems, due to the FUNDEB allocated the double of the amount in education budget aimed directly at students with special educational needs, there is a concern that there might be some form of reprisal regarding the criteria used to identify these students. The aim of this study was to describe the evaluation process in the identification of students with intellectual disabilities in Sao Paulo State. The study began with an analysis of official documents, policies and procedures that govern student assessment processes designed to identify pupils with special educational needs in Brazil and in São Paulo State, and it was concluded that there is a lack of clear guidelines and definitions for the assessment of intellectual disability and therefore the consequences are unknown. An empirical study was developed encompassing five towns in São Paulo State, in three instances regularly engaged with the identification of these students: the municipal, the state system, and the special school, a total of 15 data collection sites. The study was divided into three phases designed to: ethical conduct and preliminary assessment, characterization of professional skills, and the investigation on their practical assessment to identify their strength and previous experience. Focus group interviews were conducted on a regular basis with the availability of a team of professionals that allowed the assessment and individual interviews where only one professional was responsible for the results. Data obtained from interviews with 67 professionals were analyzed using the Collective Subject Speech (CSS) technique. The results indicate that the regular classroom teacher is the key agent in the early identification of a suspected intellectual disability: developmental delay, learning difficulties, adaptive behavior, and behavior problems. While there is a multidisciplinary assessment team in special school to evaluate students for the diagnosis, conversely, in the municipal and state schools there is an education team that uses the assessment techniques with pedagogical purpose. The procedure used encompassed interviews with families, educational evaluation, multidisciplinary assessment, and intellectual assessment. The latter was applied only to a few special schools. The state education system was the most precarious instance due to the professional shortages, usually recognized only by the special education teacher. Comparing the 15 instances there is evidence that there are no common guidelines in the assessment process, because the number and training of professionals involved vary between different locations, the concept of intellectual disability is subjective, criteria and procedures found in the literature are not followed, and each group develops its own evaluation procedures. Overall, the contradictions between professional discourses and everyday practice is released and they examines the disadvantages of labeling a student that is unnecessary and injurious, even though they are officially labeled for school census purposes and seen as such by schools, often without their and their families knowledge and consent. The need to standardize the evaluation process for identifying students with intellectual disabilities to avoid the arbitrariness and subjectivity that surround this entire process these days is also discussed.
Protocolo ciente de correlação espacial para redes de sensores sem fio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-27) Favarin, Gilmar; Araujo, Regina Borges de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8964123297688432; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4584110230416092
The usage of wireless sensor network is increasingly being applied to people s everyday lives everywhere: from energy consumption in households and buildings in general, to vital signs in assistive medicine, infrastructure monitoring, chemical or biological product leaking detection in industries, better surveillance, environmental monitoring, among many others. WSN can be deployed in different densities next to several thousands of nodes. However, the development of WSN solutions are limited mainly by energy resource restriction. The great challenge to WSN solutions is to increase the network longevity while guaranteeing data delivery, reliability and accuracy in an environment prone to different types of failures. The largest source of energy consumption is data transmission. Thus, solutions to WSN needs to avoid intense communication keeping energy consumption balance and so the network longevity. In applications in which high density of nodes is necessary, sensing process can produce a large amount of data which are similar or redundant, due to the special proximity among the nodes. This spatial proximity can be explored in routing solutions to reduce the amount of messages transmitted throughout the network. This work presents the Spatial Correlation Aware Routing Protocol - SCARP , which makes use of spatial correlation to reduce the number of network transmissions. With SCARP, the WSN is configured in cells and nodes of each cell are selected, in an alternated way, to transmit similar or redundant data, and so reducing the number of transmitted messages. This traffic reduction results in less energy consumption and longer network longevity. Evaluation results show that SCARP outperforms similar solutions described in the literature, such as DAARP, which uses clustering and aggregation. SCARP has a positive performance even for large node density scenarios.
Microrganismos produtores de celulases: seleção de isolados de Trichoderma spp
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-27) Florencio, Camila; Farinas, Cristiane Sanchez; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9933650905615452; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8317605349425304
The search for microorganism that produces cellulolytic enzymes is of the great importance in contributing to the viability of biological route for the production of cellulosic ethanol. Among filamentous fungi, the genus Trichoderma is characterized as a high enzyme producer. Given the growing demand for the development of processes that reduce the cost of cellulases had been proposed this work which aims to evaluate and select strains of filamentous fungi Trichoderma, available at Embrapa banks, capable of producing high concentrations of complex cellulolytic enzymes. The methodology developed in the project was divided in four steps until the final selection of the best strains. The first step of evaluation consisted in the observation of the growth of 78 pre-selected strains of Trichoderma from the degradation of microcrystalline cellulose, Avicel. The second step of selection, Congo red test, summarized in the determination of halo hydrolysis and the measurement of enzymatic index (diameter of halo hydrolysis. diameter halo colony-1) of each strain. The third stage was evaluated the strains with greater potential to produce cellulases in fermentation test tubes for the enzymes CMCase, Xylanase e FPAse. The last stage of evaluate and select of strains was solid-state fermentation (SSF). In the first step of selection, 49 strains showed the ability to metabolize the substrate microcrystalline cellulose, Avicel. The Congo red test, the second step, selected the ten best strains obtained with enzymatic indexes above 1.50, ranging from 1.51 to 1.90. In the process of fermentation in tubes were selected three strains with the better production of enzymes among the ten selected on Congo red test, T. harzianum CEN 139, T. harzianum CEN 155 and T. sp CG 104NH. For evaluation the enzymatic production in SSF was held initially a factorial experimental design to select the significant variables in the process. The variables studied were: inoculum concentration, moisture and proportion of sugarcane bagasse. After the CMCAse enzyme analysis was observed the proportion of sugarcane bagasse as a significant variable. From this result it was performed a central composite design for the improvement of fermentative parameters: the proportion of bagasse and moisture. The proportion of bagasse was significant and enzyme activity reached 11.16 UI.g-1 to CMCase. The process of SSF, among three tested strains, selected T. sp CG 104NH as the best producer of CMCase, Xylanase and FPase, with values of 25.93 UI.g-1, 67.17 UI.g-1 and 1.87 UI.g -1, respectively. The correlation coefficient between this process (SSF) and Congo red test was R2 = 0.97, 0.98 and 0.97 for the three enzymes studied, CMCase, Xylanase and FPase respectively. Therefore, it was possible to obtain a linear correlation between these two methodologies. The selection steps evaluated in this study were considered effective, quality selections proved quick selection of an extensive database of fungi. The linear correlation between the tests made with red Congo and SSF indicate that is possible to use the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to assess the ability of cellulase production by filamentous fungi.
Forças armadas e educação : o Colégio Militar de Campo Grande – MS (1993-2010)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-27) Figueira, Kátia Cristina Nascimento; Ferreira Junior, Amarilio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0748545841167046; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6034445458102576
This research work has as its object of study the relationship established between the Colégio Militar de Campo Grande, created in 1993, and the historical context in South mato-grossense ensues with the end of the cold war (1947-1991). To do so, establishes the links between the armed forces and their occupation geopolitics in Mato Grosso do Sul, the significance of this presence to the social organization of sul-mato-grossenses, power relations, the formation processes of teaching and how these elements materialize in the Colégio Militar de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, in the field of history of School Institutions. The assumption that its creation during the last decade of the 20th century correlates with the formation of a new role as established by the armed forces after the military Government (1964-1985). The occupation of the southern territory of Mato Grosso, particularly after the war of Paraguay (1865-1870), was always associated with the issue of security and defence policy of intensifying national military presence in the State of Mato Grosso uno with the installation of the 9th military region of the army in 1921, in the city of Campo Grande. We reviewed the Constitution of the professionalization of the military in the new State and its alignment to North American geopolitics after World War II through the development of the national security doctrine by Escola Superior de Guerra. Thus, the hypothesis that guides our research part of the understanding that the presence of the armed forces in the South of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, until 1988, was linked to the geopolitical conception of capitalist occupation of territory and at the same time, the protection of cultural and political values of the so-called "Western Christian civilization." Thus, after the end of military dictatorship (1985) and the so-called "real socialism" (1991) the Brazilian military strategy has changed as a result of the new role assigned to the armed forces, whose traces can be observed in the creation of the Colegio Militar de Campo Grande. This College stands out from other public high schools in the State in the face of your infrastructure, your organization and your defense of hierarchy and discipline seated moral principles advocated by Émile Durkheim. In summary, we seek to answer the following questions: as if built historically the presence of military in Mato Grosso do Sul? How the internals of the College expressing the strategy adopted by the armed forces in this new role? What are the constituent elements of the school? The sources used were obtained through interviews and questionnaires, semistructured documents and bibliographies in both physical and virtual support. The basic theory analysis based explanatory theoretical Gramscian stance.
Ecologia trófica da ictiofauna e simpatria de espécies congenéricas no córrego da Lapa, bacia do Alto Paraná, estado de São Paulo, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-27) Souza, Jussara Elias de; Verani, Nelsy Fenerich; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1862746100743391; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6815950967125680
Streams and rivers are loctic environments characterized for a strong and unidirectional water flow. These environments in general have the light incidence partial or totally obstructed by the canopy of the riparian vegetation showing a high dependence of allocthonus organic inputs. The stream fishes are usually small sized, with reproductive strategies adapted to the unstable environment and have great trophic plasticity. The endemism is very common in this ictiofauna. The studies on trophic ecology and resources partitioning are important for the understanding of the community dynamics in the environment and the maintenance of the species. The Lapa Stream Watershed is located in the central region of the São Paulo State on area of basaltic cuesta relief. The surroundings of these streams are relatively well preserved and the main economic activities of the region are farming and ecotourism. This study was performed throughout four seasonal fish collections, carried out between April of 2002 and February of 2003 in the diurnal and nocturnal periods. Twelve collection stations were distributed in Lapa and Cantagalo Streams and in Passa Cinco River and sampling were made using cast nets, baited traps, sieves, and gill nets. The diet of 29 species were studied and it was found that insetivory was the main alimentary habit, followed by iliophagy - algivory and omnivory. The alimentary overlapping was high in several species pairs, but the habitat segregation occurred in some of them. The diet of three species altered along the upstream downstream gradient. The patterns of simpatry had been analyzed in three genera: Bryconamericus, Apareiodon and Astyanax and the food was the main resource partitioned among these species followed by the space resource. The results had shown that the micro basin is still well preserved, but that investments in the maintenance and recovery are necessary.
Da pedagogia do jogo ao voleibol sentado: possibilidades inclusivas na Educação Física Escolar; Inclusão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-27) Miron, Edison Martins; Costa, Maria da Piedade Resende da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0443537867254075
Sport is one of the most developed contents in physical education classes in schools; nevertheless, it doesn‟t get the necessary pedagogical treatment for its better use as an educational instrument. In order to be truly democratic, it has to be adapted to the students needs and possibilities. Volleyball as a team sport creates confrontational and cooperative situations that can be done in a pedagogical way by the teacher. With the same objective and dynamics, the adapted sport Sitting Volleyball is able to facilitate positive actions in interpersonal relations, in which the possibility of success during school sports development may be more evident among students with and without physical disabilities. The present study aimed to systematize, put into practice and analyze a teaching program conceived to teach sitting volleyball to students with physical disabilities through games played in a sitting position, as a strategy to sensitize people to include physically disabled students in physical education classes at elementary school. From a pedagogical focus, the development of this study was supported by quantitative approach theoretical references and it is configured as a case study. The study was conducted in public schools of a medium-sized country town of São Paulo state. There were 120 participants from the fifth and sixth grades at elementary school, from three different groups of physical education classes with at least one physically disabled student included in each group. The instruments used for data collection were: a) observation protocol; b) beginning and ending questionnaire. In every class there was also the Field Notes filling to support the data quantitative analysis. The data collected and analyzed showed that in 98% of the developed activities, the possibilities of interpersonal relationship happened in a positive way among students with and without physical disabilities, promoting joint participation in conditions and possibilities of similar success that aroused concepts and values which enabled the accomplishment of the inclusive work.