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Produção recombinante e caracterização de uma desintegrina da peçonha de Rhinocerophis alternatus (antiga Bothrops alternatus) com atividade antimetastática visando o desenvolvimento de um novo fármaco
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-28)
Pontes, Carmen Lucia Salla
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Araújo, Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7468571768190030
This work presents the study of the effects of an RGD disintegrin from Rhinocerophis alternatus (ancient Bothrops alternatus) in key steps of the metastatic cascade. Disintegrins are cysteine-rich peptides, which have several biological activities related to cell-cell interaction and cell adhesion. The correct pairing of disulfide bonds exposes the adhesive motif which confers binding specificity of disintegrins. These molecules selectively blocks the adhesive function of integrins, which directly participate in various physiological and pathological processes. In the first part of this work, we use the DisBa-01, a disintegrin from B.alternatus in fusion with 6 histidines in pET28a expression vector. The DisBa-01 in the flow system inhibited adhesion of B16F10 melanoma cells and platelets to type I collagen and activated the adhesion of B16F10 melanoma cells to type III collagen. In transmigration and adhesion of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231, the DisBa-01 had the tendency to reduce these stages of metastatic cascade. The disintegrins have been instrumental in the development of molecules with potential therapeutic application and the effects produced by DisBa-01 in this work as well as others from our laboratory, led us in the second part of this work, the production of the disintegrin B.alternatus without the fusion peptide (called ATN) which conferred increased solubility of the disintegrin. ATN was isolated by two molecular exclusions chromatography and ion exchange chromatography and biological characterization was directed to the anti-metastatic effect of this molecule. In this sense, the ATN was unable to promote the adhesion of human erythroleukemia K562 cells, but inhibited the adhesion of tumor cells K562, B16F10 and MDA-MB-231 to fibronectin had no effect in fibroblasts. ATN is not able to detach the fibroblasts adhered to fibronectin but promotes the detachment of K562 and B16F10 cells previously adhered to fibronectin. However, it does not induce fragmentation of cellular DNA, showing no pro-apoptotic effect. In cell proliferation, the ATN has negative effect with 48 hours of incubation with B16F10 tumor cells, but fibroblasts and MDA-MB-231 this effect was not observed. By flow cytometry we observed the interaction of ATN with αvβ3 integrin. The MDA-MB-231 Tx migration was inhibited by ATN and changed the actin cytoskeleton of these cells. However, an increased activity of MMP-9 was observed in MDA-MB-231 treated with ATN and the invasion of MDA-MB-231 was induced by the RGD disintegrin. These results encourage further studies with this disintegrin in seeking the best concentração of the disintegrin, the identification of cytotoxic activity as well as the best method of distribution of this molecule in vivo.
Filosofia no ensino médio: luta histórica, didática e conteúdos para sala de aula
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-28)
Rocha, João Antonio
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Tagliavini, João Virgílio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2615517527546046
This dissertation concerns about philosophically thinking the Philosophy teaching regarding its historical struggle, didactics and contents. The importance of such knowledge is supported by the recent federal law approval which states the obligation of this subject in high schools. By studying the reasons why Philosophy was excluded and then included in high school regular courses arouses the debate of which are the best procedures to define the minimum national contents, as well as, what would be the best (philosophical) didactics to the students. Upon thinking of Philosophy regarding the characteristics and specificities attributed to it which can only be explained by using didactics also based on Philosophy what makes Michel Tozzi and his concept of philosophical didactics and Delueze and Guaterri and their theory regarding the creation of philosophical concepts the source of this work which must be the guide to any Philosophy teaching plan. Taking the investigative dialogue and the use of philosophical texts as an essential principle, we will analyze the sentence being critical and autonomous as proposed on LDB (Basis and Orientation Laws) and being supported by the concepts of Adorno s Critical Theories, we will suggest a possible didactic way to be worked out.
Geração genética multiobjetivo de sistemas fuzzy usando a abordagem iterativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-28)
Cárdenas, Edward Hinojosa
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Camargo, Heloisa de Arruda
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0487231065057783
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8869747558745502
The goal of this work is to study, expand and evaluate the use of multiobjective genetic algorithms and the iterative rule learning approach in fuzzy system generation, especially, in fuzzy rule-based systems, both in automatic fuzzy rule generation from datasets and in fuzzy sets optimization. This work investigates the use of multi-objective genetic algorithms with a focus on the trade-off between accuracy and interpretability, considered contradictory objectives in the representation of fuzzy systems. With this purpose, we propose and implement an evolutive multi-objective genetic model composed of three stages. In the first stage uniformly distributed fuzzy sets are created. In the second stage, the rule base is generated by using an iterative rule learning approach and a multiobjective genetic algorithm. Finally the fuzzy sets created in the first stage are optimized through a multi-objective genetic algorithm. The proposed model was evaluated with a number of benchmark datasets and the results were compared to three other methods found in the literature. The results obtained with the optimization of the fuzzy sets were compared to the result of another fuzzy set optimizer found in the literature. Statistical comparison methods usually applied in similar context show that the proposed method has an improved classification rate and interpretability in comparison with the other methods.
Ecologia trófica da comunidade de peixes do reservatório de Cachoeira Dourada, rio Paranaíba, Bacia do Alto Rio Paraná, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-28)
Velludo, Marcela Roquetti
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Verani, Nelsy Fenerich
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1862746100743391
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1849919927223660
The knowledge of the fish s diet and species abundance of a particular community allows us to identify the community s different trophic categories, as well as to infer about its structure. This knowledge may also permit to evaluate the degree of importance of trophic levels and to understand the interrelationships among the components of that community. In order to generate data for a better understanding of the relationships between the ichthyofauna components and other aquatic organisms in the community, this study aimed to characterize the trophic structure of the fish community of the Cachoeira Dourada reservoir - MG/GO, Upper Parana River basin (18° 30' 11.47"S, 49° 29' 18.78"W). The fish sampling occurred monthly from February 2007 to January 2008 and the fishes were captured using gill nets of 2 to 6.5 inches between adjacent knots placed at three sampling points of the reservoir. The biometric analyses was performed by the gauging of the total and standard length and total weight of the collected specimens. The fish stomachs were removed, weighed and fixed in 4% formaldehyde for further analysis in stereomicroscope. The data obtained during the stomach contents analysis was quantified though the Alimentary Index of Kawakami and Vazzoler, which combines the frequency of occurrence and volume of the alimentary items. The description of the species diet allowed the identification of six feeding guilds: (1) Iliophagous, (2) Carnivores-insectivores, (3) Carnivores-piscivores, (4) herbivores, (5) Omnivores, (6) Invertivores. The dietary overlap trophic web built showed interspecific interactions with 20% connectance. Eleven sub-groups or clicks were observed. The iliophagous sub-group showed no interactions with other species guilds. The bipartite network showed the generality of the food items intake of Pimelodus maculatus, the most abundant species in gill nets catches. The prey relative biomass appeared to be larger than that of the predators, this factor may be responsible for maintaining the large amount of piscivorous species found in the community. The ecosystem analyses describe and evaluate the functioning of biological systems considering productivity, interaction between communities and their functional processes. The knowledge of trophic ecology and key species connectivity indicates the paths through which the greater part of the system energy flows. This can help to identify regulatory elements of the community s structure and functioning, since it summarizes the dynamics of environmental energy transfer.
“Mbya retxãi Opy tekoaxy mongy'a oa” : a manutenção da saúde Guarani-Mbya na Casa de Reza
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-28)
Silveira, Teresa Cristina
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Cardoso, Marina Denise
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9673720768173749
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7126592504818718
This ethnography proposes a reflection on the meaning of the concept of “helth maintenance” among the Guarani-Mbya people who live in the Indigenous Land Ribeirão Silveira, located at the coastal region of the state of São Paulo. From the presentation of the native notion of embodiment, wich is constituted through everyday practies of its manufacture and the rituals performed in Opy (cerimonial House) this work wants to show how the native people understands the Person notion.
Análise da influência das condições de processamento na morfologia e nas propriedades de blendas poliméricas PBT/ABS moldadas por injeção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-29)
Cardinali, Daniel Albuquerque
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Hage Júnior, Elias
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1240692926327687
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4102444414752905
A study on the correlation of blend morphology, properties, the injection molding process and manufacturing methods of polymeric blends constituted of PBT and ABS was proposed. Thus, uncompatibilized PBT/ABS blends have been prepared in a twin-screw extruder using different parameters of process, in order to obtain blends presenting distinct properties and, if possible, distinct morphologies. The extruded blends have been eventually submitted to the injection molding process for the evaluation of the influence of the injection molding process parameters on the morphology, thermal properties and mechanical properties, especially impact strength, of PBT/ABS blends. The following parameters of the injection molding process and its influence on the properties mentioned above have been studied: injection temperature, mold temperature, holding pressure and injection speed. The Design of Experiments approach has been used to arrange the full set of experiments and also to statistically analyze the results. The morphology of the extruded and injection molded blends has been investigated by Transmission Electron Microscopy, the mechanical properties by Izod impact strength tests and the degradation of the blends constituents has also been evaluated. The results have indicated that major differences on the impact strength of the samples can be achieved by only varying the injection molding parameters. Furthermore, mold temperature and injection speed have significantly affected the impact strength and the ductile-brittle transition temperature of the injection molded samples. Morphological analyses and degradation studies have suggested that the dispersion degree of the ABS disperse phase particles within the PBT matrix plays an essential role in determining the impact strength of the blends.
Sensibilidade de três variedades de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) ao alumínio em solução avaliada por corantes indicadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-29)
Malvestiti, Jacqueline Aparecida
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Soares, Marcio Roberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6337462438517339
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9543-6450
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4554213632240773
Brazil is the world's largest producer of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). Its production is expanding in regions characterized by soils with low fertility and high acidity. The influence of Al toxicity on the development of the root system and on the interference of nutrient uptake has been presented as one of the main causes of the low productivity of many soils. The objectives of this study were: to evaluate the root development of sugarcane varieties RB855156, SP81 3250, and RB935744 in nutrient solution with different Al stress conditions (0, 70, 130, 380, 800, 1400, and 2000 μmol L-1); to examine morphological changes in sugarcane roots through optical microscopy; to verify the penetration of Al into the root tissue with the use of Al-complexing dyes; to test the efficiency of hematoxylin and pyrocatechol violet dyes as indicators of the presence of Al in root tissue. The experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions, in a completely randomized design, with four replications. The root growth rate results (cm day-1) were submitted to analysis of variance and compared by Tukey's test, at a 5% significance level. Morphological parameters of Al in root tissues, indicated by color, were explored in the form of images by photographic recording of observations under an optical microscope. Increasing the Al concentration in solution caused a decrease in the root elongation rate. The critical concentration of Al in solution, regardless of variety, according to statistical analysis was 1400 mmol Al L-1. The main morphological alterations of the roots were observed from the critical concentration of 800 mmol Al L-1 in solution, and include the production of callose and the collapse and deformation of the root cap. The hematoxylin dye was more efficient than pyrocatechol violet to indicate the accumulation and location of Al in the root tissue. The tolerance sequence of sugarcane varieties to Al in solution was RB935744 (late)>SP81-3250 (medium)>RB855156 (early), and this may be correlated with the cycle of the varieties.
A presença dos antigos em tempos de conversão: etnografia dos Kaingang do oeste paulista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-29)
Lourenço, Marília Sene de
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Peggion, Edmundo Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9849805103860827
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2639771998853175
This thesis deals with many kinds of relations between the São Paulo Kaingang and the others: their neighbours Krenak and Terena, non Indians finally, with Otherness in its Christian shape. For they‟ve chosen to articulate within their sociability another language through which persons and collectives are differencitated Catholicism and the Revivalist Churches Assembleia de Deus and Congregação Cristã no Brasil. It seems that they differenciate themselves through an oppositional process. Religious groups, political factions and extended families‟ daily oppositions, as observed through fieldwork, are brought to this text. The Jê bibliography also helps to give a sociality background to the empiric data. Hence the concepts stability and change , used as tools for the understanding of Kaingang transformations. To become a relative or an ex-relative, catholic or revivalist, an allied or an enemy these are possibilities of social action formulated by a thought that seems to be surprised by the numerous ambiguities of its own oppositional procedure. Mainly, by the ambiguity of life and death: connected to their dead relatives (the ancients), but also running away from them, the Kaingang try to solve this dilemma by all means especially in their daily life, where part of this tentative resides in conversion to Christianity.
Gestão do conhecimento: uma análise do setor automobilístico a partir de fatores contextuais da organização
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-29)
Gonzalez, Rodrigo Valio Dominguez
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Martins, Manoel Fernando
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3921504261628850
The latest models on Knowledge Management (KM) recognize four stages to their practice: acquisition, storage, distribution and use of knowledge that presents itself as tacit and explicit. The KM is characterized as a multidisciplinary discipline, involving aspects of technical and social order and due to the diversity of issues about this topic, it is essential to delimit their study. In this sense, the proposed delimitation for this research is social and coordination, involving the identification of contextual factors, developed internally in organizations that support the process of KM in automotive companies. These contextual factors are defined based on organizational aspects to enable the development of the four phases of the KM, especially the development of human resources, organizational culture, teamwork, organizational structure and the way how knowledge is developed and absorbed internally. This thesis also identifies groupings (clusters) composed of companies with similar characteristics as the development of these contextual factors, analyzing the implications of the clusters features for KM and for the use of knowledge. The automotive companies can be characterized as advanced for improvement and innovation processes, and thus the knowledge management is fundamental to the sustainability of these activities. To achieve this goal, this research uses a quantitative research method, based on a survey. Data analysis is performed using multivariate statistical techniques of factor analysis, cluster analysis and discriminant analysis. In regarding the results were collected eight contextual factors that support the process of GC, and also identified four clusters for the development of these factors: innovate, exploited, exploited and Laggards. The companies of the first two groups have a better capacity to absorb knowledge and build a broader base of primary knowledge, making them more innovative, and the other two groups take a more reactive posture within the industry, following the development proposed by the companies of first two clusters. In the latter two groups, in particular exploited, there is the development of factors related to incremental improvement and teamwork, showing a tendency to use the knowledge designed to improve production efficiency.
Efeitos da iluminação-LED (850 nm) associada ao treinamento em esteira ergométrica em mulheres na pósmenopausa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-29)
Paolillo, Fernanda Rossi
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Bagnato, Vanderlei Salvador
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4947860249518663
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2081685444894225
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of infrared-LED illumination associated with treadmill training. Forty five postmenopausal women (50-60 years old) participated in this study. They were randomly separated into 3 groups: (i) the LED group, with phototherapy during the treadmill training; (ii) the exercise group, carried out only treadmill training and (iii) the sedentary group, with neither phototherapy nor physical exercise. The treadmill training consisted of walking twice a week for 45 min at intensities between 85% to 90% maximal heart rate during 1 year. The irradiation parameters were 100mW, 40 mW/cm2, 108 J/cm2 and the treatment time of 45 min. The treatment was evaluated through maximal effort testing using treadmill, isokinetic dynamometry, anthropometry, body composition, blood exams, quality of life, bone mineral density, thermography, photographic documentation and nutritional aspects. The two-way ANOVA and one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni adjustments were used for the statistical analysis. The significance level was set at p<0.05. The most important results for the LED group were: improving the maximal exercise tolerance (ΔTlim=432±180seg, p=0.001 e; ΔMETs=4.2±1, p=0.01), increasing the muscle power (Δ=21±6W, p=0.04) and reducing fatigue (Δ=-7±4%, p=0.006). There were no significant differences in the body composition (p≥0.05), but a qualitative difference of the skin was seen concerning the treatment of cellulite. There were reducted cholesterol levels (Δtotal cholesterol=-42±23 mg/dl, p=0.0003 and ΔLDL=-35±20 mg/dl, p=0.001), as well as an increase of the quality of life (from 82±17 to 89±17, p=0.04). There were no significant differences noted concerning the bone mass loss (p≥0.05). The cutaneous temperature increased during the exercise with the LEDs (from 33.5±0.8°C to 34.6±0.9°C, p=0.03). The results showed that the LED-illumination (850nm) improved physical performance and showed clinical benefits for the group of women investigated. Phototherapy associated with treadmill training can therefore be potentially used for sports, rehabilitation and aesthetics protocols to achieve certain positive results.
Transposição e fragmentação do Rio Piumhi (Bacia do Rio São Francisco, MG): variáveis limnológicas e microcrustáceos zooplanctônicos da Lagoa dos Tropeiros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-29)
Sonoda, Sérgio Luiz
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Rocha, Odete
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6959066930874462
The aim of this study was to analyse the physical and chemical characteristics of Tropeiros Lake (Capitólio, MG), located in Piumhi river sub‐basin, a river diverted from the Rio Grande basin to the são Francisco River basin, and to analize the taxonomic composition, abundance, diversity and the size structure of the planktonic microcrustaceans. Physical and chemical variables in the eater were measured in situ by the multiparameter Horiba U10 probe and qualitative and quantitative zooplankton sampling was carried out in both, pelagic and littoral regions of this lake using the plankton net of 69 μm mesh size, on March, 2007. Twenty seven taxa were identified, being 18 Cladocera, 3 Copepoda Calanoida and 6 Copepoda Cyclopoida. Microcrustaceans species composition in Lagoa dos Tropeiros was much more similar to the microcrustaceans composition of the water bodies from Rio Grande basin than to those from São francisco basin. The species Sarsilatona serricauda Sars, 1901 and Microcyclops alius Kiefer, 1935 constitute new records for the state of Minas Gerais biota. The assemblages from of microcrustaceans from the littoral region had higher richness of species, higher alfa diversity, and wider size spectra than the assemblages from the pelagic region. The analysis of the normalized size spectra and linear regression analysis indicated that Lagoa dos Tropeiros has a community away from the stationary state. The accumulated curves of numerical abundance and biomass (ABC curves) were different for the lake regions characterizing the pelagic region as a non‐disturbed compartment and the littoral region as a disturbed system. The gamma parameter derived from rank‐abundance diagram slopes characterized the microcrustacean assemblage of Lagoa dos Tropeiros as typical of a low trophic state environment.
Reforma a vapor do metano sobre catalisadores de Pt-Ni/α-Al2O3: efeito das condições de síntese e do teor da Pt nas propriedades de oxi-redução, estruturais e catalíticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-29)
Souza, Vivian Passos de
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Bueno, José Maria Corrêa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0157452280626031
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5144435443949445
In recent years, the demand for hydrogen has increased considerably in Petrobras refineries, due to the installation of fuel hydrotreating units. These units are necessary to meet new quality standards, which are imposed by environmental concerns. Steam reforming is the most common process to produce hydrogen and synthesis gas. The catalyst used in this process has nickel as the active phase, supported in refractory material, such as alpha-alumina. These catalysts are most cost-effective, when compared to others with higher activity. On the other hand, the promotion of them with small amounts of noble metal can provide interesting characteristics, without greatly affecting their final cost. The catalyst at the top of the reformer is easily oxidized, either during unplanned shutdowns, or even during normal operation, if hydrogen is absent. The use of Pt as a promoter has been studied in the literature, and the results show its effect in decreasing the reduction temperature of nickel catalysts. Additionally, the catalysts at the top of the reformer (20-40%) are more prone to coking. The objective of this study is to evaluate how preparation conditions and platinum content affect the Ni/α-Al2O3 catalysts, regarding reduction and oxidation of the catalysts, and also their activity, stability and coke formation. The catalysts were evaluated under conditions which are characteristic of the top region of an industrial reformer. The catalysts were prepared with different contents of platinum, 0.01% and 0.3% wt, at different calcination temperatures after impregnation of nickel and platinum . It was observed that Pt increases the reducibility of catalysts with 10% wt of Pt, calcined at 600 and 800°C, as long as the final catalyst, after Pt impregnation, was calcined at low temperature. At higher temperatures, sintering of Pt takes place, suppressing its effect. An increase of calcination temperature of the NiO/α-Al2O3 catalyst from 600 to 800°C does not cause a considerable decrease of the Pt effect on the reduction. When the NiO/α-Al2O3 catalyst was calcined at 1000°C, the effect of Pt became insignificant. The Pt increases the reducibility of the catalyst even at levels as low as 0.01%wt, although its effect is greater when a higher content is used. This behavior is observed for the reduction, using H2 as well as H2 + H2O (v) or CH4 + H2O (v). The reduction with methane and steam occurs at higher temperature, but faster. In this case, it is assumed that as the Ni° atoms are generated at short distances from each other, diffusion over the support surface is easier, enhancing their nucleation into nickel metal clusters. The presence of Pt also minimizes the formation of species with greater support interaction, even when the final catalyst is subjected to oxidation at high temperatures (900°C). The promotion with 0.3% wt of Pt minimizes coke formation. This behavior is attributed to changes in the surface structure of the catalyst or in the reaction rate of coke formation. Apparently, for the catalyst with 0.01% wt of Pt, this small amount of Pt would be insufficient to cause any structural changes or variation in the rate of coke formation. This behavior was found in tests under conditions that enhance coke formation and also under normal conditions of catalytic evaluation. The catalytic evaluation including a reduction step with H2 and CH4 + H2O (v) and the thermogravimetric analysis for assessment of coke formation,demonstrated that the promotion with platinum leads to a greater activity of the nickel catalyst in the catalytic systems or test conditions where reducing the catalyst and/or the ability to keep it in the reduced state is a determinant factor.
Um estudo sobre trabalho e educação das crianças no setor de jóias e bijuterias em Limeira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-30)
Locali, Tammy Ticiane
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Bezerra Neto, Luiz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4809080593333472
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9518528174420877
Child labor has been often presented to society through family labor, being that, in the city of Limeira, it gained repercussion after the publication of the dissertation written by Marcos Antonio Libardi Ferreira (2005) entitled 'Estudos de risco à saúde do trabalhador e ao meio ambiente na produção de joias e bijuterias em Limeira-SP', which denounced the existence of six thousand children between the ages of eleven and sixteen years old working in the sector. This situation has showed itself recurrent, mainly in families which have found themselves obligated to assign services to their children, so they can raise funds and meet at least their basic necessities. The investigation project 'Um estudo sobre a atividade das crianças no setor de joias e bijuterias em Limeira', aims to fill an existent gap in the educational area, due to the fact that there are not researches referring to the theme in the sector of semi-jewels in Limeira, county which is considered the Brazilian capital of veneers and being few the jobs which give emphasis to the symbolic, cultural and historical aspects of this type of research. In order to answer the leading questions, this work is based on a whole theoretical structure, coming from a literary background about the subject and having a more empirical character which will be verified by questionnaires with formal and informal questions, clarifying how the process of production of the pieces is given, besides semi-structured interviews with students from Emeief Professora Maria Apparecida de Luca Moore, located at the Parque Residencial Aeroporto in Limeira, school that assists children who work with semi-jewels inside their homes, in order to verify their labor conditions, searching for gathering as much information as possible about these conditions and the consequences of this labor inside and outside the classroom.
Imagens da pedofilia: uma leitura discursiva sobre os textos midiáticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-30)
Pereira, Andreia Beatriz
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Baronas, Roberto Leiser
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4613001301744682
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0648271921658968
The aim of this master's research is to understand the contemporary discourses on the subject of child sexual abuse. Building on the conceptual assumptions of Discourse Analysis, especially those developed by the French linguist Dominique Maingueneau, we try to understand the Discursive Formation constitution through texts of different genres and media. With the theoretical framework of the French linguist, was possible to follow some of the theoretical and methodological paths that led us to develop the desired study. Among these contributions, it is the concept of Constitutional Discourse, as it was the one in which self-legitimation and others ways of legitimation among discourses occur in the position by displacement and registration of their speakers in their act of stating this type of discourse. Besides, we mobilized the notion of Topic Discourse as one that can not give yourself a purpose of validation, constantly used in another discourses in order to legitimize itself, including the constituents. But the Non- Topic Discourse (Atopic) is the discourse without place, something on the order of the Paratopy (which belongs to the social space, but denies it), in which the production and circulation tend to be most often impassable. Although there is similarity in the way of belonging, it seems that, for this author, is more likely to find the Topic and Paratopic Discourses together on one side and the Non-Topic (Atopic) Discourse into another, as if we erased the existence of these discourses was made it impossible inside the first textuality discursive with the other two. Equipped with these concepts, we develop a first time reading of the corpus, in which we try to find the types of discourses marks in the texts that comprise it. From this methodological procedure, we selected the corpus in question some texts from the years 2002 to 2008, which was composed mostly as to what Maingueneau identifies as a Topics Discourses, and in this corpus we try to find regularities through which the discourses and Non-Topic (Atopic) constituents could subscribe to this. The recovery process of the Component Discourse by Topic Discourse could then be through the citation of voices in positions of authority. It was also possible to note that the Non-Topic (Atopic) Discourse even being denied as a discourse , can be reflected in the Topic Discourse and to give their brands through the images. So, to answer these hypotheses, from a discursive look, constituted the focus of this dissertation.
Busca heurística e inferência de parâmetros cinéticos de reações de hidrotratamento de óleo diesel a partir de dados experimentais escassos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-30)
Ferreira, Adriana de Souza
;
Giordano, Roberto de Campos
Currently, the amount of contaminants (such as sulfur, nitrogen and aromatics) in diesel oil is strictly controlled, due to their impact on pollutant emissions. The most important process used to meet fuel specifications regarding contaminants is the catalytic hydrogenation, specifically hydrotreatment (HDT). Optimization of the HDT process can benefit from reliable kinetic models of the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) reactions, among others. Modeling the HDS and HDN reactions is a complex task, as these occur in triphasic media and it is difficult to determine the composition of diesel oil. Fenomenological models demand a huge experimental effort on generation of data to estimate transport parameters or the utilization of empirical correlations, frequently developed under conditions dissimilar to those of an HDT process. Additionally, utilization of detailed kinetic models is unfeasible, due to the complexity of the reactional mixture. Consequently, pseudo-homogeneous models are largely employed, as they are simpler than heterogeneous models. The equations used to described HDS and HDN kinetics are based on power-law or Langmuir-Hinshelwood terms, Lumping of sulfur or nitrogen compounds into a single pseudo-component does not allow for extrapolation of a model adjusted to a given feed to other feeds, independently of the type of model (homo- or heterogeneous) and equation of reaction rate (power-law or Langmuir-Hinshelwood) employed. However, it is interesting to use a single heteroatomic pseudo-component in the models, as a reduced demand for experimental data enhances the potential for application of the models, given that the model-feed specificity is overcome. In the present work, generalization of pseudo-homogeneous models employing power-law based kinetic rates was accomplished through the inference of apparent kinetics parameters using seven macro-properties of the feeds, which were: density at 20oC; viscosity at 20oC; total sulfur concentration; total and basic nitrogen concentrations; total aromatics content; and temperature of 90% vaporization of the simulated distillation curve. Conventional artificial neural networks (feedforward multilayer perceptrons) performed the inference. Experimental data are scarce, mainly due to the high cost of experimentation, inducing the development of a methodology for dataset enlargement, based on statistical variability of the kinetic parameters and macro-properties. Dataset enlargement made possible the development of independent neural networks for prediction of each kinetic parameter, correctly capturing correlations among macroproperties and the parameters. Two different groups of neural networks were developed, one with higher complexity networks (expressed by a larger number of hidden neurons) and another with simpler ones (possessing fewer hidden neurons). Both were capable of capturing the aforementioned correlations, even though the simpler networks filter out the majority of the disturbances applied to the inputs.
Projetos para produção de residências unifamiliares em light steel framing
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-30)
Vivan, André Luiz
;
Paliari, José Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9387796929252598
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7191823459864289
This work has the aim to propose guidelines for the preparation of designs for production with the construction of single family houses of Light Steel Framing. These guidelines involve considerations about the presentation of designs and assembly sequences on the main elements of a building in Light Steel Framing, promoting higher constructability on projects. Parallel to these guidelines were developed some graphical detail, with respect to the elements discussed, based on the concept of Design for Assembly. For this, have been used the information from the literature review, which deals with concepts such as Concurrent Engineering, Lean Design and Design for Production, and information gathered in structured interviews. The product of this work contributes to the advancement of studies about the design process of Light Steel Framing, besides promoting the use of concepts just discussed or used in Construction. Being a prefabricated building system, Light Steel Framing collaborates with the modernization of the processes involved in small works and facilitates the use of management principles such as Lean Construction and tools such as Design for Assembly.
Sistema de suporte à decisão para gestão de áreas verdes de domínio público em áreas de preservação permanente de corpos hídricos urbanos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-30)
Bressane, Adriano
;
Salvador, Nemésio Neves Batista
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9930582531600560
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8959637559404206
Considering the significant and growing environmental degradation and the quality of life in cities, as well as the demand for systematization of information applicable to their control and recovery, this study aimed to develop a decision support system for management of public green spaces in areas of permanent preservation of urban water bodies. For its development were adopted as reference the guidelines of territorial scenario planning method through which main aspects were analyzed related to the problem and systematized actions concerning to the study and solution proposals. The main materials used correspond to the works of academic and technical literature and applied standardization, as well as the related court cases, raised through search terms in library collections and databases of legislation and jurisprudence. From the analysis of these materials, were studied the dynamics of the urban environment and degradation causes of its water bodies; discussed the effective functions of their permanent preservation areas and the intervening factors to their performance; as well as analyzed legal and related court aspects. As a result, were obtained a proposal of a structured key decision model for the evaluation and selection of locational alternatives and their functional-space aptitude for implementation of public green spaces, as a solution established by CONAMA Resolution n. 369 of 2006, which regulates the intervention exceptional cases in permanent preservation areas. Finally, the conclusion was that the achieved results can contribute as an important reference for this issue approach, however, further studies on the refinement of the proposed system are recommended, aiming at optimizations that improve its application and performance.
As mulheres trabalhadoras em luta pelos espaços de poder no Sindicato dos Metalúrgicos do ABC
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-30)
Sousa, Juliana
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Lima, Jacob Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9244132532446607
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8100211295859944
This study discusses the participation of women workers in the ABC Metalworkers Union, approaching the persistence of gender asymmetries in base metallurgic and in the trade unionism. For the development of research, we attended the 2nd ABC Metallurgical Women Congress, in March 2010, analyzed union items publicized and conducted interviews with the SMABC´s women militants. We observed claims for equality on labour conditions and wages between women and men, affirmative action policies aimed at increasing the number of women hired for more valued positions in companies category, incentives to greater participation of women in political education program and the developing of a gender policy, quota systems to ensure a greater presence of them in all the union spheres, especially in positions of power to decide. Besides, women militants life stories allowed us to verify the challenge to the women workers reconcile marriage with engagement in the trade unionism. Despite the traditional defense of labor rights and citizenship, SMABC does not take on the gender relations as a priority, showing that the metallurgic culture is very resistant to changes in traditional patterns of women and men coexistence.
Integração de métodos in silico e in vitro para o planejamento de inibidores da enzima cruzaína
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-30)
Wiggers, Helton José
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Montanari, Carlos Alberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9200533791228786
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5857639706993429
Chagas disease, caused by the flagellate protozoan of the family Trypanosomatidae Trypanosoma cruzi, is endemic in Latin America. The available drugs are ineffective and cause severe side effects. Therefore, it is necessary the discovery and development of new drugs for Chagas disease chemotherapy. The cruzain enzyme (EC 3.4.22.51) is expressed in all T. cruzi life cycle and represents a valid target against Chagas disease. The search for new cruzain enzyme inhibitors was carried out through the development of a new strategy using in silico methods, based on integrated ligand and target virtual screening. The consensus of different virtual screenings allowed the selection of 23 molecules for in vitro assays, from a virtual library containing approximately 8.5 million structures collected from the commercial database ZINC. The compounds were assayed against the cruzain and human homologous cathepsin-L and 12 presented inhibitory activity. The IC50 values ranged from 5.6 to 73.9 μM for cruzain and 8.6 to 89.1 μM for cathepsin-L. The apparent inhibition constant (Ki app) of the identified compounds ranged from 3.7 and 64.5 μM for cruzaínain and 3.8 to 87.1 μM for the cathepsin-L and showed competitive inhibition mechanisms. New molecular classes of non-covalent inhibitors of the enzyme cruzain were identified. Two substances were validated as inhibitors by evaluating compound analogs to establishing relationships between molecular structure and biological activity; a substance with the ligand efficiency of 0.33 kcal mol-1 NA-1 was identified. Two enzyme inhibitors showed trypanocidal activity against the Y strain of T. cruzi trypomastigotes with potency comparable to the drug benznidazole®. The micromolar activity of the compounds against the cruzain enzyme and the confirmed activity against the parasite provide the opportunity for molecular optimization and improve the bioactive compounds design with known mode of action.
Estudo das propriedades fotofísicas de molibdatos de estrôncio dopados com európio (III)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-30)
Tanaka, Marcos Takashi Santos
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Rosa, Ieda Lucia Viana
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8086262254116449
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5865707121138356
Study of the photophysical properties of strontium molybdates doped with Europium (III). In this project the strontium molybdates doped with europium were characterized using various techniques like X-ray diffraction, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, and also the study of the behavior of luminescent inorganic materials. The materials were prepared by complex polymerization method. Analyses of X-ray diffraction powder were performed to determine the achievement of the desired phase in the oxides. The doped materials at different europium concentrations were heated to different temperatures. The emission spectra of europium were achieved exciting the synthesized samples at specific wavelengths. These spectra were analyzed and correlated with the thermal treatment temperature, as well as the concentration of Eu3+. The lifetimes of the europium 5D0→7F2 emission for all samples were evaluated. The emission spectra of the pure strontium molybdate matrix were also obtained and analyzed. These studies permitted to determine the maximum concentration of the soluble europium in the crystal lattice of strontium molybdate framework most favorable for the emission of europium.