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Filosofia no ensino médio: luta histórica, didática e conteúdos para sala de aula
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-28) Rocha, João Antonio; Tagliavini, João Virgílio; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2615517527546046
This dissertation concerns about philosophically thinking the Philosophy teaching regarding its historical struggle, didactics and contents. The importance of such knowledge is supported by the recent federal law approval which states the obligation of this subject in high schools. By studying the reasons why Philosophy was excluded and then included in high school regular courses arouses the debate of which are the best procedures to define the minimum national contents, as well as, what would be the best (philosophical) didactics to the students. Upon thinking of Philosophy regarding the characteristics and specificities attributed to it which can only be explained by using didactics also based on Philosophy what makes Michel Tozzi and his concept of philosophical didactics and Delueze and Guaterri and their theory regarding the creation of philosophical concepts the source of this work which must be the guide to any Philosophy teaching plan. Taking the investigative dialogue and the use of philosophical texts as an essential principle, we will analyze the sentence being critical and autonomous as proposed on LDB (Basis and Orientation Laws) and being supported by the concepts of Adorno s Critical Theories, we will suggest a possible didactic way to be worked out.
Produção recombinante e caracterização de uma desintegrina da peçonha de Rhinocerophis alternatus (antiga Bothrops alternatus) com atividade antimetastática visando o desenvolvimento de um novo fármaco
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-28) Pontes, Carmen Lucia Salla; Araújo, Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7468571768190030
This work presents the study of the effects of an RGD disintegrin from Rhinocerophis alternatus (ancient Bothrops alternatus) in key steps of the metastatic cascade. Disintegrins are cysteine-rich peptides, which have several biological activities related to cell-cell interaction and cell adhesion. The correct pairing of disulfide bonds exposes the adhesive motif which confers binding specificity of disintegrins. These molecules selectively blocks the adhesive function of integrins, which directly participate in various physiological and pathological processes. In the first part of this work, we use the DisBa-01, a disintegrin from B.alternatus in fusion with 6 histidines in pET28a expression vector. The DisBa-01 in the flow system inhibited adhesion of B16F10 melanoma cells and platelets to type I collagen and activated the adhesion of B16F10 melanoma cells to type III collagen. In transmigration and adhesion of breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231, the DisBa-01 had the tendency to reduce these stages of metastatic cascade. The disintegrins have been instrumental in the development of molecules with potential therapeutic application and the effects produced by DisBa-01 in this work as well as others from our laboratory, led us in the second part of this work, the production of the disintegrin B.alternatus without the fusion peptide (called ATN) which conferred increased solubility of the disintegrin. ATN was isolated by two molecular exclusions chromatography and ion exchange chromatography and biological characterization was directed to the anti-metastatic effect of this molecule. In this sense, the ATN was unable to promote the adhesion of human erythroleukemia K562 cells, but inhibited the adhesion of tumor cells K562, B16F10 and MDA-MB-231 to fibronectin had no effect in fibroblasts. ATN is not able to detach the fibroblasts adhered to fibronectin but promotes the detachment of K562 and B16F10 cells previously adhered to fibronectin. However, it does not induce fragmentation of cellular DNA, showing no pro-apoptotic effect. In cell proliferation, the ATN has negative effect with 48 hours of incubation with B16F10 tumor cells, but fibroblasts and MDA-MB-231 this effect was not observed. By flow cytometry we observed the interaction of ATN with αvβ3 integrin. The MDA-MB-231 Tx migration was inhibited by ATN and changed the actin cytoskeleton of these cells. However, an increased activity of MMP-9 was observed in MDA-MB-231 treated with ATN and the invasion of MDA-MB-231 was induced by the RGD disintegrin. These results encourage further studies with this disintegrin in seeking the best concentração of the disintegrin, the identification of cytotoxic activity as well as the best method of distribution of this molecule in vivo.
Geração genética multiobjetivo de sistemas fuzzy usando a abordagem iterativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-28) Cárdenas, Edward Hinojosa; Camargo, Heloisa de Arruda; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0487231065057783; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8869747558745502
The goal of this work is to study, expand and evaluate the use of multiobjective genetic algorithms and the iterative rule learning approach in fuzzy system generation, especially, in fuzzy rule-based systems, both in automatic fuzzy rule generation from datasets and in fuzzy sets optimization. This work investigates the use of multi-objective genetic algorithms with a focus on the trade-off between accuracy and interpretability, considered contradictory objectives in the representation of fuzzy systems. With this purpose, we propose and implement an evolutive multi-objective genetic model composed of three stages. In the first stage uniformly distributed fuzzy sets are created. In the second stage, the rule base is generated by using an iterative rule learning approach and a multiobjective genetic algorithm. Finally the fuzzy sets created in the first stage are optimized through a multi-objective genetic algorithm. The proposed model was evaluated with a number of benchmark datasets and the results were compared to three other methods found in the literature. The results obtained with the optimization of the fuzzy sets were compared to the result of another fuzzy set optimizer found in the literature. Statistical comparison methods usually applied in similar context show that the proposed method has an improved classification rate and interpretability in comparison with the other methods.
“Mbya retxãi Opy tekoaxy mongy'a oa” : a manutenção da saúde Guarani-Mbya na Casa de Reza
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-28) Silveira, Teresa Cristina; Cardoso, Marina Denise; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9673720768173749; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7126592504818718
This ethnography proposes a reflection on the meaning of the concept of “helth maintenance” among the Guarani-Mbya people who live in the Indigenous Land Ribeirão Silveira, located at the coastal region of the state of São Paulo. From the presentation of the native notion of embodiment, wich is constituted through everyday practies of its manufacture and the rituals performed in Opy (cerimonial House) this work wants to show how the native people understands the Person notion.
Ecologia trófica da comunidade de peixes do reservatório de Cachoeira Dourada, rio Paranaíba, Bacia do Alto Rio Paraná, Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-28) Velludo, Marcela Roquetti; Verani, Nelsy Fenerich; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1862746100743391; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1849919927223660
The knowledge of the fish s diet and species abundance of a particular community allows us to identify the community s different trophic categories, as well as to infer about its structure. This knowledge may also permit to evaluate the degree of importance of trophic levels and to understand the interrelationships among the components of that community. In order to generate data for a better understanding of the relationships between the ichthyofauna components and other aquatic organisms in the community, this study aimed to characterize the trophic structure of the fish community of the Cachoeira Dourada reservoir - MG/GO, Upper Parana River basin (18° 30' 11.47"S, 49° 29' 18.78"W). The fish sampling occurred monthly from February 2007 to January 2008 and the fishes were captured using gill nets of 2 to 6.5 inches between adjacent knots placed at three sampling points of the reservoir. The biometric analyses was performed by the gauging of the total and standard length and total weight of the collected specimens. The fish stomachs were removed, weighed and fixed in 4% formaldehyde for further analysis in stereomicroscope. The data obtained during the stomach contents analysis was quantified though the Alimentary Index of Kawakami and Vazzoler, which combines the frequency of occurrence and volume of the alimentary items. The description of the species diet allowed the identification of six feeding guilds: (1) Iliophagous, (2) Carnivores-insectivores, (3) Carnivores-piscivores, (4) herbivores, (5) Omnivores, (6) Invertivores. The dietary overlap trophic web built showed interspecific interactions with 20% connectance. Eleven sub-groups or clicks were observed. The iliophagous sub-group showed no interactions with other species guilds. The bipartite network showed the generality of the food items intake of Pimelodus maculatus, the most abundant species in gill nets catches. The prey relative biomass appeared to be larger than that of the predators, this factor may be responsible for maintaining the large amount of piscivorous species found in the community. The ecosystem analyses describe and evaluate the functioning of biological systems considering productivity, interaction between communities and their functional processes. The knowledge of trophic ecology and key species connectivity indicates the paths through which the greater part of the system energy flows. This can help to identify regulatory elements of the community s structure and functioning, since it summarizes the dynamics of environmental energy transfer.