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Análise da influência das condições de processamento na morfologia e nas propriedades de blendas poliméricas PBT/ABS moldadas por injeção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-29)
Cardinali, Daniel Albuquerque
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Hage Júnior, Elias
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1240692926327687
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4102444414752905
A study on the correlation of blend morphology, properties, the injection molding process and manufacturing methods of polymeric blends constituted of PBT and ABS was proposed. Thus, uncompatibilized PBT/ABS blends have been prepared in a twin-screw extruder using different parameters of process, in order to obtain blends presenting distinct properties and, if possible, distinct morphologies. The extruded blends have been eventually submitted to the injection molding process for the evaluation of the influence of the injection molding process parameters on the morphology, thermal properties and mechanical properties, especially impact strength, of PBT/ABS blends. The following parameters of the injection molding process and its influence on the properties mentioned above have been studied: injection temperature, mold temperature, holding pressure and injection speed. The Design of Experiments approach has been used to arrange the full set of experiments and also to statistically analyze the results. The morphology of the extruded and injection molded blends has been investigated by Transmission Electron Microscopy, the mechanical properties by Izod impact strength tests and the degradation of the blends constituents has also been evaluated. The results have indicated that major differences on the impact strength of the samples can be achieved by only varying the injection molding parameters. Furthermore, mold temperature and injection speed have significantly affected the impact strength and the ductile-brittle transition temperature of the injection molded samples. Morphological analyses and degradation studies have suggested that the dispersion degree of the ABS disperse phase particles within the PBT matrix plays an essential role in determining the impact strength of the blends.
Sensibilidade de três variedades de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) ao alumínio em solução avaliada por corantes indicadores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-29)
Malvestiti, Jacqueline Aparecida
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Soares, Marcio Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6337462438517339
;
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9543-6450
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4554213632240773
Brazil is the world's largest producer of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). Its production is expanding in regions characterized by soils with low fertility and high acidity. The influence of Al toxicity on the development of the root system and on the interference of nutrient uptake has been presented as one of the main causes of the low productivity of many soils. The objectives of this study were: to evaluate the root development of sugarcane varieties RB855156, SP81 3250, and RB935744 in nutrient solution with different Al stress conditions (0, 70, 130, 380, 800, 1400, and 2000 μmol L-1); to examine morphological changes in sugarcane roots through optical microscopy; to verify the penetration of Al into the root tissue with the use of Al-complexing dyes; to test the efficiency of hematoxylin and pyrocatechol violet dyes as indicators of the presence of Al in root tissue. The experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions, in a completely randomized design, with four replications. The root growth rate results (cm day-1) were submitted to analysis of variance and compared by Tukey's test, at a 5% significance level. Morphological parameters of Al in root tissues, indicated by color, were explored in the form of images by photographic recording of observations under an optical microscope. Increasing the Al concentration in solution caused a decrease in the root elongation rate. The critical concentration of Al in solution, regardless of variety, according to statistical analysis was 1400 mmol Al L-1. The main morphological alterations of the roots were observed from the critical concentration of 800 mmol Al L-1 in solution, and include the production of callose and the collapse and deformation of the root cap. The hematoxylin dye was more efficient than pyrocatechol violet to indicate the accumulation and location of Al in the root tissue. The tolerance sequence of sugarcane varieties to Al in solution was RB935744 (late)>SP81-3250 (medium)>RB855156 (early), and this may be correlated with the cycle of the varieties.
A presença dos antigos em tempos de conversão: etnografia dos Kaingang do oeste paulista
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-29)
Lourenço, Marília Sene de
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Peggion, Edmundo Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9849805103860827
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2639771998853175
This thesis deals with many kinds of relations between the São Paulo Kaingang and the others: their neighbours Krenak and Terena, non Indians finally, with Otherness in its Christian shape. For they‟ve chosen to articulate within their sociability another language through which persons and collectives are differencitated Catholicism and the Revivalist Churches Assembleia de Deus and Congregação Cristã no Brasil. It seems that they differenciate themselves through an oppositional process. Religious groups, political factions and extended families‟ daily oppositions, as observed through fieldwork, are brought to this text. The Jê bibliography also helps to give a sociality background to the empiric data. Hence the concepts stability and change , used as tools for the understanding of Kaingang transformations. To become a relative or an ex-relative, catholic or revivalist, an allied or an enemy these are possibilities of social action formulated by a thought that seems to be surprised by the numerous ambiguities of its own oppositional procedure. Mainly, by the ambiguity of life and death: connected to their dead relatives (the ancients), but also running away from them, the Kaingang try to solve this dilemma by all means especially in their daily life, where part of this tentative resides in conversion to Christianity.
Gestão do conhecimento: uma análise do setor automobilístico a partir de fatores contextuais da organização
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-29)
Gonzalez, Rodrigo Valio Dominguez
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Martins, Manoel Fernando
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3921504261628850
The latest models on Knowledge Management (KM) recognize four stages to their practice: acquisition, storage, distribution and use of knowledge that presents itself as tacit and explicit. The KM is characterized as a multidisciplinary discipline, involving aspects of technical and social order and due to the diversity of issues about this topic, it is essential to delimit their study. In this sense, the proposed delimitation for this research is social and coordination, involving the identification of contextual factors, developed internally in organizations that support the process of KM in automotive companies. These contextual factors are defined based on organizational aspects to enable the development of the four phases of the KM, especially the development of human resources, organizational culture, teamwork, organizational structure and the way how knowledge is developed and absorbed internally. This thesis also identifies groupings (clusters) composed of companies with similar characteristics as the development of these contextual factors, analyzing the implications of the clusters features for KM and for the use of knowledge. The automotive companies can be characterized as advanced for improvement and innovation processes, and thus the knowledge management is fundamental to the sustainability of these activities. To achieve this goal, this research uses a quantitative research method, based on a survey. Data analysis is performed using multivariate statistical techniques of factor analysis, cluster analysis and discriminant analysis. In regarding the results were collected eight contextual factors that support the process of GC, and also identified four clusters for the development of these factors: innovate, exploited, exploited and Laggards. The companies of the first two groups have a better capacity to absorb knowledge and build a broader base of primary knowledge, making them more innovative, and the other two groups take a more reactive posture within the industry, following the development proposed by the companies of first two clusters. In the latter two groups, in particular exploited, there is the development of factors related to incremental improvement and teamwork, showing a tendency to use the knowledge designed to improve production efficiency.
Efeitos da iluminação-LED (850 nm) associada ao treinamento em esteira ergométrica em mulheres na pósmenopausa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-29)
Paolillo, Fernanda Rossi
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Bagnato, Vanderlei Salvador
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4947860249518663
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2081685444894225
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of infrared-LED illumination associated with treadmill training. Forty five postmenopausal women (50-60 years old) participated in this study. They were randomly separated into 3 groups: (i) the LED group, with phototherapy during the treadmill training; (ii) the exercise group, carried out only treadmill training and (iii) the sedentary group, with neither phototherapy nor physical exercise. The treadmill training consisted of walking twice a week for 45 min at intensities between 85% to 90% maximal heart rate during 1 year. The irradiation parameters were 100mW, 40 mW/cm2, 108 J/cm2 and the treatment time of 45 min. The treatment was evaluated through maximal effort testing using treadmill, isokinetic dynamometry, anthropometry, body composition, blood exams, quality of life, bone mineral density, thermography, photographic documentation and nutritional aspects. The two-way ANOVA and one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni adjustments were used for the statistical analysis. The significance level was set at p<0.05. The most important results for the LED group were: improving the maximal exercise tolerance (ΔTlim=432±180seg, p=0.001 e; ΔMETs=4.2±1, p=0.01), increasing the muscle power (Δ=21±6W, p=0.04) and reducing fatigue (Δ=-7±4%, p=0.006). There were no significant differences in the body composition (p≥0.05), but a qualitative difference of the skin was seen concerning the treatment of cellulite. There were reducted cholesterol levels (Δtotal cholesterol=-42±23 mg/dl, p=0.0003 and ΔLDL=-35±20 mg/dl, p=0.001), as well as an increase of the quality of life (from 82±17 to 89±17, p=0.04). There were no significant differences noted concerning the bone mass loss (p≥0.05). The cutaneous temperature increased during the exercise with the LEDs (from 33.5±0.8°C to 34.6±0.9°C, p=0.03). The results showed that the LED-illumination (850nm) improved physical performance and showed clinical benefits for the group of women investigated. Phototherapy associated with treadmill training can therefore be potentially used for sports, rehabilitation and aesthetics protocols to achieve certain positive results.
Transposição e fragmentação do Rio Piumhi (Bacia do Rio São Francisco, MG): variáveis limnológicas e microcrustáceos zooplanctônicos da Lagoa dos Tropeiros
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-29)
Sonoda, Sérgio Luiz
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Rocha, Odete
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6959066930874462
The aim of this study was to analyse the physical and chemical characteristics of Tropeiros Lake (Capitólio, MG), located in Piumhi river sub‐basin, a river diverted from the Rio Grande basin to the são Francisco River basin, and to analize the taxonomic composition, abundance, diversity and the size structure of the planktonic microcrustaceans. Physical and chemical variables in the eater were measured in situ by the multiparameter Horiba U10 probe and qualitative and quantitative zooplankton sampling was carried out in both, pelagic and littoral regions of this lake using the plankton net of 69 μm mesh size, on March, 2007. Twenty seven taxa were identified, being 18 Cladocera, 3 Copepoda Calanoida and 6 Copepoda Cyclopoida. Microcrustaceans species composition in Lagoa dos Tropeiros was much more similar to the microcrustaceans composition of the water bodies from Rio Grande basin than to those from São francisco basin. The species Sarsilatona serricauda Sars, 1901 and Microcyclops alius Kiefer, 1935 constitute new records for the state of Minas Gerais biota. The assemblages from of microcrustaceans from the littoral region had higher richness of species, higher alfa diversity, and wider size spectra than the assemblages from the pelagic region. The analysis of the normalized size spectra and linear regression analysis indicated that Lagoa dos Tropeiros has a community away from the stationary state. The accumulated curves of numerical abundance and biomass (ABC curves) were different for the lake regions characterizing the pelagic region as a non‐disturbed compartment and the littoral region as a disturbed system. The gamma parameter derived from rank‐abundance diagram slopes characterized the microcrustacean assemblage of Lagoa dos Tropeiros as typical of a low trophic state environment.
Reforma a vapor do metano sobre catalisadores de Pt-Ni/α-Al2O3: efeito das condições de síntese e do teor da Pt nas propriedades de oxi-redução, estruturais e catalíticas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-29)
Souza, Vivian Passos de
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Bueno, José Maria Corrêa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0157452280626031
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5144435443949445
In recent years, the demand for hydrogen has increased considerably in Petrobras refineries, due to the installation of fuel hydrotreating units. These units are necessary to meet new quality standards, which are imposed by environmental concerns. Steam reforming is the most common process to produce hydrogen and synthesis gas. The catalyst used in this process has nickel as the active phase, supported in refractory material, such as alpha-alumina. These catalysts are most cost-effective, when compared to others with higher activity. On the other hand, the promotion of them with small amounts of noble metal can provide interesting characteristics, without greatly affecting their final cost. The catalyst at the top of the reformer is easily oxidized, either during unplanned shutdowns, or even during normal operation, if hydrogen is absent. The use of Pt as a promoter has been studied in the literature, and the results show its effect in decreasing the reduction temperature of nickel catalysts. Additionally, the catalysts at the top of the reformer (20-40%) are more prone to coking. The objective of this study is to evaluate how preparation conditions and platinum content affect the Ni/α-Al2O3 catalysts, regarding reduction and oxidation of the catalysts, and also their activity, stability and coke formation. The catalysts were evaluated under conditions which are characteristic of the top region of an industrial reformer. The catalysts were prepared with different contents of platinum, 0.01% and 0.3% wt, at different calcination temperatures after impregnation of nickel and platinum . It was observed that Pt increases the reducibility of catalysts with 10% wt of Pt, calcined at 600 and 800°C, as long as the final catalyst, after Pt impregnation, was calcined at low temperature. At higher temperatures, sintering of Pt takes place, suppressing its effect. An increase of calcination temperature of the NiO/α-Al2O3 catalyst from 600 to 800°C does not cause a considerable decrease of the Pt effect on the reduction. When the NiO/α-Al2O3 catalyst was calcined at 1000°C, the effect of Pt became insignificant. The Pt increases the reducibility of the catalyst even at levels as low as 0.01%wt, although its effect is greater when a higher content is used. This behavior is observed for the reduction, using H2 as well as H2 + H2O (v) or CH4 + H2O (v). The reduction with methane and steam occurs at higher temperature, but faster. In this case, it is assumed that as the Ni° atoms are generated at short distances from each other, diffusion over the support surface is easier, enhancing their nucleation into nickel metal clusters. The presence of Pt also minimizes the formation of species with greater support interaction, even when the final catalyst is subjected to oxidation at high temperatures (900°C). The promotion with 0.3% wt of Pt minimizes coke formation. This behavior is attributed to changes in the surface structure of the catalyst or in the reaction rate of coke formation. Apparently, for the catalyst with 0.01% wt of Pt, this small amount of Pt would be insufficient to cause any structural changes or variation in the rate of coke formation. This behavior was found in tests under conditions that enhance coke formation and also under normal conditions of catalytic evaluation. The catalytic evaluation including a reduction step with H2 and CH4 + H2O (v) and the thermogravimetric analysis for assessment of coke formation,demonstrated that the promotion with platinum leads to a greater activity of the nickel catalyst in the catalytic systems or test conditions where reducing the catalyst and/or the ability to keep it in the reduced state is a determinant factor.
Um estudo sobre trabalho e educação das crianças no setor de jóias e bijuterias em Limeira
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-30)
Locali, Tammy Ticiane
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Bezerra Neto, Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4809080593333472
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9518528174420877
Child labor has been often presented to society through family labor, being that, in the city of Limeira, it gained repercussion after the publication of the dissertation written by Marcos Antonio Libardi Ferreira (2005) entitled 'Estudos de risco à saúde do trabalhador e ao meio ambiente na produção de joias e bijuterias em Limeira-SP', which denounced the existence of six thousand children between the ages of eleven and sixteen years old working in the sector. This situation has showed itself recurrent, mainly in families which have found themselves obligated to assign services to their children, so they can raise funds and meet at least their basic necessities. The investigation project 'Um estudo sobre a atividade das crianças no setor de joias e bijuterias em Limeira', aims to fill an existent gap in the educational area, due to the fact that there are not researches referring to the theme in the sector of semi-jewels in Limeira, county which is considered the Brazilian capital of veneers and being few the jobs which give emphasis to the symbolic, cultural and historical aspects of this type of research. In order to answer the leading questions, this work is based on a whole theoretical structure, coming from a literary background about the subject and having a more empirical character which will be verified by questionnaires with formal and informal questions, clarifying how the process of production of the pieces is given, besides semi-structured interviews with students from Emeief Professora Maria Apparecida de Luca Moore, located at the Parque Residencial Aeroporto in Limeira, school that assists children who work with semi-jewels inside their homes, in order to verify their labor conditions, searching for gathering as much information as possible about these conditions and the consequences of this labor inside and outside the classroom.
Imagens da pedofilia: uma leitura discursiva sobre os textos midiáticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-30)
Pereira, Andreia Beatriz
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Baronas, Roberto Leiser
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4613001301744682
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0648271921658968
The aim of this master's research is to understand the contemporary discourses on the subject of child sexual abuse. Building on the conceptual assumptions of Discourse Analysis, especially those developed by the French linguist Dominique Maingueneau, we try to understand the Discursive Formation constitution through texts of different genres and media. With the theoretical framework of the French linguist, was possible to follow some of the theoretical and methodological paths that led us to develop the desired study. Among these contributions, it is the concept of Constitutional Discourse, as it was the one in which self-legitimation and others ways of legitimation among discourses occur in the position by displacement and registration of their speakers in their act of stating this type of discourse. Besides, we mobilized the notion of Topic Discourse as one that can not give yourself a purpose of validation, constantly used in another discourses in order to legitimize itself, including the constituents. But the Non- Topic Discourse (Atopic) is the discourse without place, something on the order of the Paratopy (which belongs to the social space, but denies it), in which the production and circulation tend to be most often impassable. Although there is similarity in the way of belonging, it seems that, for this author, is more likely to find the Topic and Paratopic Discourses together on one side and the Non-Topic (Atopic) Discourse into another, as if we erased the existence of these discourses was made it impossible inside the first textuality discursive with the other two. Equipped with these concepts, we develop a first time reading of the corpus, in which we try to find the types of discourses marks in the texts that comprise it. From this methodological procedure, we selected the corpus in question some texts from the years 2002 to 2008, which was composed mostly as to what Maingueneau identifies as a Topics Discourses, and in this corpus we try to find regularities through which the discourses and Non-Topic (Atopic) constituents could subscribe to this. The recovery process of the Component Discourse by Topic Discourse could then be through the citation of voices in positions of authority. It was also possible to note that the Non-Topic (Atopic) Discourse even being denied as a discourse , can be reflected in the Topic Discourse and to give their brands through the images. So, to answer these hypotheses, from a discursive look, constituted the focus of this dissertation.
Busca heurística e inferência de parâmetros cinéticos de reações de hidrotratamento de óleo diesel a partir de dados experimentais escassos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-30)
Ferreira, Adriana de Souza
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Giordano, Roberto de Campos
Currently, the amount of contaminants (such as sulfur, nitrogen and aromatics) in diesel oil is strictly controlled, due to their impact on pollutant emissions. The most important process used to meet fuel specifications regarding contaminants is the catalytic hydrogenation, specifically hydrotreatment (HDT). Optimization of the HDT process can benefit from reliable kinetic models of the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) reactions, among others. Modeling the HDS and HDN reactions is a complex task, as these occur in triphasic media and it is difficult to determine the composition of diesel oil. Fenomenological models demand a huge experimental effort on generation of data to estimate transport parameters or the utilization of empirical correlations, frequently developed under conditions dissimilar to those of an HDT process. Additionally, utilization of detailed kinetic models is unfeasible, due to the complexity of the reactional mixture. Consequently, pseudo-homogeneous models are largely employed, as they are simpler than heterogeneous models. The equations used to described HDS and HDN kinetics are based on power-law or Langmuir-Hinshelwood terms, Lumping of sulfur or nitrogen compounds into a single pseudo-component does not allow for extrapolation of a model adjusted to a given feed to other feeds, independently of the type of model (homo- or heterogeneous) and equation of reaction rate (power-law or Langmuir-Hinshelwood) employed. However, it is interesting to use a single heteroatomic pseudo-component in the models, as a reduced demand for experimental data enhances the potential for application of the models, given that the model-feed specificity is overcome. In the present work, generalization of pseudo-homogeneous models employing power-law based kinetic rates was accomplished through the inference of apparent kinetics parameters using seven macro-properties of the feeds, which were: density at 20oC; viscosity at 20oC; total sulfur concentration; total and basic nitrogen concentrations; total aromatics content; and temperature of 90% vaporization of the simulated distillation curve. Conventional artificial neural networks (feedforward multilayer perceptrons) performed the inference. Experimental data are scarce, mainly due to the high cost of experimentation, inducing the development of a methodology for dataset enlargement, based on statistical variability of the kinetic parameters and macro-properties. Dataset enlargement made possible the development of independent neural networks for prediction of each kinetic parameter, correctly capturing correlations among macroproperties and the parameters. Two different groups of neural networks were developed, one with higher complexity networks (expressed by a larger number of hidden neurons) and another with simpler ones (possessing fewer hidden neurons). Both were capable of capturing the aforementioned correlations, even though the simpler networks filter out the majority of the disturbances applied to the inputs.
Projetos para produção de residências unifamiliares em light steel framing
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-30)
Vivan, André Luiz
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Paliari, José Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9387796929252598
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7191823459864289
This work has the aim to propose guidelines for the preparation of designs for production with the construction of single family houses of Light Steel Framing. These guidelines involve considerations about the presentation of designs and assembly sequences on the main elements of a building in Light Steel Framing, promoting higher constructability on projects. Parallel to these guidelines were developed some graphical detail, with respect to the elements discussed, based on the concept of Design for Assembly. For this, have been used the information from the literature review, which deals with concepts such as Concurrent Engineering, Lean Design and Design for Production, and information gathered in structured interviews. The product of this work contributes to the advancement of studies about the design process of Light Steel Framing, besides promoting the use of concepts just discussed or used in Construction. Being a prefabricated building system, Light Steel Framing collaborates with the modernization of the processes involved in small works and facilitates the use of management principles such as Lean Construction and tools such as Design for Assembly.
Sistema de suporte à decisão para gestão de áreas verdes de domínio público em áreas de preservação permanente de corpos hídricos urbanos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-30)
Bressane, Adriano
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Salvador, Nemésio Neves Batista
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9930582531600560
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8959637559404206
Considering the significant and growing environmental degradation and the quality of life in cities, as well as the demand for systematization of information applicable to their control and recovery, this study aimed to develop a decision support system for management of public green spaces in areas of permanent preservation of urban water bodies. For its development were adopted as reference the guidelines of territorial scenario planning method through which main aspects were analyzed related to the problem and systematized actions concerning to the study and solution proposals. The main materials used correspond to the works of academic and technical literature and applied standardization, as well as the related court cases, raised through search terms in library collections and databases of legislation and jurisprudence. From the analysis of these materials, were studied the dynamics of the urban environment and degradation causes of its water bodies; discussed the effective functions of their permanent preservation areas and the intervening factors to their performance; as well as analyzed legal and related court aspects. As a result, were obtained a proposal of a structured key decision model for the evaluation and selection of locational alternatives and their functional-space aptitude for implementation of public green spaces, as a solution established by CONAMA Resolution n. 369 of 2006, which regulates the intervention exceptional cases in permanent preservation areas. Finally, the conclusion was that the achieved results can contribute as an important reference for this issue approach, however, further studies on the refinement of the proposed system are recommended, aiming at optimizations that improve its application and performance.
As mulheres trabalhadoras em luta pelos espaços de poder no Sindicato dos Metalúrgicos do ABC
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-30)
Sousa, Juliana
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Lima, Jacob Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9244132532446607
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8100211295859944
This study discusses the participation of women workers in the ABC Metalworkers Union, approaching the persistence of gender asymmetries in base metallurgic and in the trade unionism. For the development of research, we attended the 2nd ABC Metallurgical Women Congress, in March 2010, analyzed union items publicized and conducted interviews with the SMABC´s women militants. We observed claims for equality on labour conditions and wages between women and men, affirmative action policies aimed at increasing the number of women hired for more valued positions in companies category, incentives to greater participation of women in political education program and the developing of a gender policy, quota systems to ensure a greater presence of them in all the union spheres, especially in positions of power to decide. Besides, women militants life stories allowed us to verify the challenge to the women workers reconcile marriage with engagement in the trade unionism. Despite the traditional defense of labor rights and citizenship, SMABC does not take on the gender relations as a priority, showing that the metallurgic culture is very resistant to changes in traditional patterns of women and men coexistence.
Integração de métodos in silico e in vitro para o planejamento de inibidores da enzima cruzaína
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-30)
Wiggers, Helton José
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Montanari, Carlos Alberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9200533791228786
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5857639706993429
Chagas disease, caused by the flagellate protozoan of the family Trypanosomatidae Trypanosoma cruzi, is endemic in Latin America. The available drugs are ineffective and cause severe side effects. Therefore, it is necessary the discovery and development of new drugs for Chagas disease chemotherapy. The cruzain enzyme (EC 3.4.22.51) is expressed in all T. cruzi life cycle and represents a valid target against Chagas disease. The search for new cruzain enzyme inhibitors was carried out through the development of a new strategy using in silico methods, based on integrated ligand and target virtual screening. The consensus of different virtual screenings allowed the selection of 23 molecules for in vitro assays, from a virtual library containing approximately 8.5 million structures collected from the commercial database ZINC. The compounds were assayed against the cruzain and human homologous cathepsin-L and 12 presented inhibitory activity. The IC50 values ranged from 5.6 to 73.9 μM for cruzain and 8.6 to 89.1 μM for cathepsin-L. The apparent inhibition constant (Ki app) of the identified compounds ranged from 3.7 and 64.5 μM for cruzaínain and 3.8 to 87.1 μM for the cathepsin-L and showed competitive inhibition mechanisms. New molecular classes of non-covalent inhibitors of the enzyme cruzain were identified. Two substances were validated as inhibitors by evaluating compound analogs to establishing relationships between molecular structure and biological activity; a substance with the ligand efficiency of 0.33 kcal mol-1 NA-1 was identified. Two enzyme inhibitors showed trypanocidal activity against the Y strain of T. cruzi trypomastigotes with potency comparable to the drug benznidazole®. The micromolar activity of the compounds against the cruzain enzyme and the confirmed activity against the parasite provide the opportunity for molecular optimization and improve the bioactive compounds design with known mode of action.
Estudo das propriedades fotofísicas de molibdatos de estrôncio dopados com európio (III)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-30)
Tanaka, Marcos Takashi Santos
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Rosa, Ieda Lucia Viana
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8086262254116449
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5865707121138356
Study of the photophysical properties of strontium molybdates doped with Europium (III). In this project the strontium molybdates doped with europium were characterized using various techniques like X-ray diffraction, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, and also the study of the behavior of luminescent inorganic materials. The materials were prepared by complex polymerization method. Analyses of X-ray diffraction powder were performed to determine the achievement of the desired phase in the oxides. The doped materials at different europium concentrations were heated to different temperatures. The emission spectra of europium were achieved exciting the synthesized samples at specific wavelengths. These spectra were analyzed and correlated with the thermal treatment temperature, as well as the concentration of Eu3+. The lifetimes of the europium 5D0→7F2 emission for all samples were evaluated. The emission spectra of the pure strontium molybdate matrix were also obtained and analyzed. These studies permitted to determine the maximum concentration of the soluble europium in the crystal lattice of strontium molybdate framework most favorable for the emission of europium.
The diatom assemblages as indicators of field and laboratory conditions in lotic systems: conservation and water quality management in São Carlos-SP catchment, Brazil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-30)
Bere, Taurai
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Tundisi, José Galizia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5730659239785432
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6300712779475109
Comunidades perifíticas (especialmente diatomáceas) constituem um sistema rico em informações para o monitoramento ambiental, colocando-as entre os indicadores mais importantes das condições ecológicas em sistemas lóticos. Nesta tese, os estudos de campo e experimentos de laboratório foram realizados para esclarecer os confusos efeitos da seleção do substrato, eutrofização, poluição orgânica, força iônica, padrões de uso do solo e poluição por metais pesados nas comunidades bentônicas de diatomáceas. Características das comunidades bentônicas de diatomáceas em relação ao nível e tipo de poluição foram analisadas através de critérios gerais (clorofila a, peso seco, peso seco de cinza e densidade celular no caso dos experimentos de laboratório) e critérios específicos (método de valor de indicador, técnicas de análise multivariada e índices baseados nas diatomáceas). Para estudos de campo, as comunidades de diatomáceas epilíticas, epífitas, epipsâmicas e epipelicas, além das que crescem em tijolos e vidros, foram avaliadas, assim como a qualidade da água. Um gradiente decrescente da qualidade da água foi observado a partir da área agrícola/florestal até a área urbana. A estrutura da comunidade de diatomáceas refletiu este gradiente. Pontos em áreas de nascentes, com boa qualidade da água, foram caracterizados por espécies como Eunotia bilunaris, E. intermedia, Aulacoseira alpigena, Cymbopleura naviculiformis e Stauroneis phoenicenteron. Pontos em áreas urbanas, com média à baixa qualidade da água foram caracterizados por espécies como Frustulia rhomboids, Nitzschia linearis, Cyclotella pseudostelligera, Pinnularia gibba e Achnanthidium minutissimum e os pontos em áreas urbanas próximo à jusante, com baixa qualidade da água, por espécies como Luticola geoppertiana, Nitzschia palea, Sellaphora pupula, Planotidium lanceolatum e Fallacia monoculata. Espécies comuns de diatomáceas não foram restritas em um único substrato, embora a preferência fosse geralmente alta para natural (especialmente macrófitas) em comparação com substratos artificiais. Os resultados da análise multivariada da qualidade da água baseados em diatomáceas amostradas em diferentes substratos demonstraram ser intercambiáveis. Variância nos dados das diatomáceas foi dividida entre dois conjuntos de variáveis exploratórias, ou seja, força iônica (26,9%), outras variáveis como, eutrofização e poluição orgânica (23,0%), variância compartilhada (11,3%) e variação não explicada (38,8%). Finalmente, 17 índices desenvolvidos em outras regiões provaram ser úteis para fornecer uma indicação da qualidade das águas estudadas. 4 Para os experimentos de laboratório, os efeitos do cádmio, cromo III e chumbo sobre as comunidades perifíticas naturais amostradas no rio Monjolinho, foram estudados. Hormese foi demonstrado com um EC50 de 0,077 mgL-1 Cd registrado. Boa capacidade de acumulação de metal (total e intracelular) pelo perifíton foi demonstrada, dependendo da concentração do metal e duração da exposição. Pb e Cr III diminuíram os efeitos da toxicidade de Cd em comunidades perifíticas sugerindo antagonismo. Finalmente, os efeitos combinados de freqüência, duração, período de recuperação, tipo de produto químico e tempo de pulsos com elevadas concentrações de Cd, Cr III e Pb em comunidades perifíticas foram avaliados. Quanto mais a freqüência e a duração do pulso se aproximam de uma exposição contínua, maiores serão os efeitos dos contaminantes sobre a vida aquática. Quanto maior a freqüência de pulsos de curta duração, mais provável é a produção de efeitos semelhantes aos das exposições de longa duração. A luminosidade mostrou ter um papel importante na modulação dos efeitos de toxicidade de metais sobre a vida aquática. Mudanças na composição de espécies (desenvolvimento de espécies mais resistentes como A. minutissimum e redução das espécies mais sensíveis, como Navicula viridula, Navicula cryptocephala e E. bilunaris), diminuição da riqueza e diversidade, alterações morfológicas (deformidade) das células de diatomáceas, aumento da concentração de metais, duração de exposição e diferentes cenários de exposição foram observados.
Avaliação do reprocessamento de copolímero SAN através de moldagem por injeção
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-30)
Breda, Alcides
;
Hage Júnior, Elias
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1240692926327687
The main objective of this work was to study the reprocessing of copolymer SAN through injection molding and its influence on the mechanical, thermomechanical and optical behavior of that copolymer. Mechanical properties, measured by tensile and impact testing, and thermomechanical testing, measured through heat deflection temperature HDT and VICAT softening temperature were evaluated. In addition, yellowness index and optical properties, such as clarity and transparency, were observed for virgin SAN resin and its mixture with reprocessed SAN through injection molding in the form of cup of blender for 5 molding cycles. It was observed that the behavior of the reprocessed material has not shown significant changes through tensile, impact, HDT, and clarity properties. However, the VICAT softening temperatures and yellowness indices of the mixtures have suffered changes related to the SAN virgin grade. The chemical structure of multiprocessed SAN analyzed for FTIR has not shown significant changes, but the number average molecular weight of the copolymer has decreased, as verified by SEC. An increase in the MFI also has indicated chains scission.
A medida das coisas: japonesidades e parentesco entre associados da Nipo em Araraquara
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-30)
Hatugai, Érica Rosa
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Machado, Igor José de Renó
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4705450652848752
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7324088577711570
This research is an anthropological analysis of a Japaneseness developed within some families and their descendants who are part of an associative context of Japanese immigrants in the city of Araraquara, state of São Paulo. The comprehension of this Japaneseness is the result of an ethnography aimed at the constructs which formalized the native category of Japanese and the classifications resulting from it. According to the native knowledge of this category, the social relationships among the families and the individual and collective perceptions of the specificity of "Japanese neither constituted crises nor identity manipulations for the individiduals. The native theories shed light on the awareness of the "japanese" differences which constituted a "Brazilian Japanese" or "Japanese Brazilian" way, and exposed an associative language hinging upon the family and the notions of substances.
Planejamento operacional para execução dos sistemas prediais hidráulicos, sanitários e de gás combustível
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-06-30)
Matos, Adriano Oliveira
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Paliari, José Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9387796929252598
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2666970399979031
In an increasingly competitive civil construction market affected by the ever greater shortage of skilled construction labor, the correct calculation of work team size based on labor productivity data that are feasible and representative of each construction company is an important strategy for overcoming today s challenges. Construction work includes hydraulic and sanitary sewer systems and piped cooking gas installations for buildings, due to the fact that work team size is often calculated empirically. Thus, the objective of this work is to propose a method to calculate the size of teams for the execution of these systems, based on goals of labor productivity and operational planning for the execution of these services, by allocating the members of the teams to the jobs programmed within the timetable foreseen in the work schedule. The proposed method is divided into three main stages: (a) diagnosis of current labor productivity; (b) calculation of work team size and planning at operational level, involving programming of the activities of each work team over the period stipulated for the execution of the work; and (c) control of productivity according to the established goals. The method was applied at a construction site, specifically during the execution of the cold water supply systems and the sanitary sewer systems located in the wet environments of two multistorey residential towers. The method produced satisfactory results, improving labor productivity in the execution of the cold water supply systems by 20.1% and in that of the sanitary sewer systems by 27.7%.
Do acordo à reforma ortográfica: a emergência de uma fórmula?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-07-01)
Gibin, Fernando Curtti
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Baronas, Roberto Leiser
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4613001301744682
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2951925118571459
The aim of this research, based on the French Discourse Analysis theoretical and methodological approach, is analyzing discursively how Folha de S. Paulo (a Brazilian newspaper of significant circulation) narratively published the Portuguese Language Orthographic Agreement of 1990, which came into force in January 1st, 2009. As temporal outline, we established the period from January 1st, 2008 (a year before the effective coming into force of the agreement among the Portuguese language countries) to January 1st, 2010 (a year after it comes into force). Our main purpose is understanding during this period how the verbal sequence acordo ortográfico (spelling agreement), when it slides to reforma ortográfica (spelling reform), can be understood as a formula: an object which is describable in language categories and whose destiny at the same time invasive and continuously questioned inside the public discourses is determined by language practices and by the state of opinion and power relations in a specific moment in the very heart of the public space. (Krieg-Planque, 2009, p. 14). In other words, we have the objective of verifying on this paper during this established period how this syntagm reforma ortográfica, even though it is formally stable in the point of view of the linguistic description and explanation, is performed by the medium work in the public space discourses as a sequence both shared and problematic, knowing a discursive regime that makes it a formula.