Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2011-08-02"

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Complexos de cobre(II) com bases de Schiff, tipo ONNO derivados de cis- e (±)-trans-1,2-ciclohexanodiamina: síntese, caracterização e estudos como catalisadores na oxidação de catecóis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-02)
Silva, Ricardo Soares Mota
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Dockal, Edward Ralph
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6461328124491559
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7666959621410912
Salen-type complexes are an important class of coordination compounds, which have been used to catalyze a wide variety of reactions in various homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. Complexes of transition metals are very versatile and participate in many chemical processes, which make the study of these very interesting. Research shows that the complexes of salen [salen = N, N'-ethylenebis (salicilidenoamina)] are efficient catalysts, and some compounds of this type have been investigated as catalysts in the oxidation of catechol. In this work were synthesized three types of compounds, ligands, mononuclear complexes and binuclear complexes. The three series have satisfactory yields. The compounds synthesized in this work were characterized by melting point, elemental analysis, vibrational spectroscopy in the IR region, absorption spectra in the UV-vis, conductivity measurements and solubility. The ligands were also characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance. From these characterizations, comparisons were made between ligands, mononuclear and binuclear complexes, and also with respect to the effects of the substituents on the aromatic ring taking into account series with and without methoxy substituents at positions 3, 4 and 5. The kinetics was performed using a spectrophotometer, following the formation of the product derived from oxidation of 3,5-di-tertbutylcatechol at 400 nm. It was also observed, the proportion of conversion by gas chromatography. Among the complexes that showed catalytic activity are the cis and trans complex [Cu(Cu(salcn))Cl2], kcat = 0,037 s-1 e kcat = 0,035 s-1, respectively; and the cis and trans complex [Cu(Cu(5-MeOsalcn))Cl2], kcat = 0,040 s-1 e kcat = 0,060 s-1, respectively.
Efeitos de uma desintegrina RGD recombinante de Rhinocerophis alternatus (Bothrops alternatus) na migração de células normais e tumorais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-03)
Montenegro, Cyntia de Freitas
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Araújo, Heloísa Sobreiro Selistre de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4065824911933203
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1510751976021672
Cell migration, invasion of the surrounding tissues, blood vessels and proliferation are cellular processes involved in metastases. These events are mediated by integrins, adhesion receptors present on cell surfaces and responsible for the extracellular matrix and cells binding. Disintegrins, snake venoms polypeptides, are known to inhibit integrins action, and thus metastatic events such as cell migration. They also have influence on metallopeptidases activity, enzymes that cleave ECM components facilitating tumor cells invasion. DisBa-01 is a recombinant RGD disintegrin from Rhinocerophis alternatus (Bothrops alternatus) venom gland. In previous studies we have demonstrated that DisBa-01 binds to _v_3 integrin with high affinity and has an anti-metastatic activity. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of DisBa-01 on migration and MMPs activities in fibroblasts and cell lines of breast cancer, MDA-MB-231, prostate, DU-145 and murine melanoma, B16F10. Transwell migration tests, wound healing and gelatin gel zymography were performed using DisBa-01 at concentrations of 10, 100, 500 and 1000 nM. Transwell migration was significantly inhibited in fibroblasts, MDA-MB-231 and DU-145 but had no effect on B16F10 cells, which had fibroblast conditioned medium as chemoattractant. In wound healing assays only DU-145 migration in a 1000nM concentration was significantly inhibited. Finally, zymography was performed using wound healing assay conditioned medium to analyze the presence of MMPs 2 and 9. In fibroblasts and B16F10 cells MMP-2 and MMPs 2 and 9 were decreased respectively. On the other hand, MDA-MB-231 cells showed increased MMP-9 activity, in all concentrations tested. Given the results, DisBa-01 can be used to build models for possible drugs rational design that may act in anti-metastatic therapy, in addition to its use as a research tool to elucidate integrins related mechanisms.
Avaliação da resistência ao desgaste de aços inoxidáveis conformados por spray
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-03)
Beraldo, Leamar Guedes
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Bolfarini, Claudemiro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9231627080617037
The aim of this work was the study of the microstructure and the wear resistance of two stainless steels, the ferritic-AIF with 27% Cr and the superduplex-SDM modified with boron (3.5% wt.), processed by spray forming. The rapid solidification promoted by this process has resulted in the formation of a new structure with refined grains and metastable phases. The deposits, weighing about 3.5 kg, were characterized by combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hardness, micro hardness and wear resistance according to ASTM G65-04. The deposits of AIF and SDM showed more refined microstructure and higher hardness in respect to materials produced by conventional casting. The wear resistance of the SDM was higher than the materials tabulated in ASTM G65-04, namely, AISI D2 tool steel and Stellite 1016, while the AIF presented an intermediary value between these two materials. The addition of boron to the SDM is associated with the formation of borides and led to an increase in the hardness and wear resistance of this spray formed material.
Estudo da solidificação do aço rápido M2 em diferentes lingotes e seus efeitos na microestrutura e propriedades mecânicas finais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-03)
Delgado, Magno Pereira
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Ishikawa, Tomaz Toshimi
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5726055117451807
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6017849725670158
The high speed steels are mostly applied in cutting tools, like drills, cores and top milling cutter. Its microstructure is composed by martensite, with high hardness, strong tempering resistance and disperses carbides on its final work condition. The main alloys elements used in the M2 high speed steel are the Mo, W and V. It was studied 3 types of ingots: 150 Kg, 850 Kg and 1700Kg, all of them with a H/D relation (high/ transversal section) = 3. Also, its was studied two of the principal process parameters of the high speed steels, ingot sizes and hot deformation, analyzed by microstructure sizes and mechanical properties. It was analyzed the effects of the ingots sizes, cells sizes and cooling rates in the ingots microstructures and its effects in the microstructure and mechanical properties after the hot deformation by the forging process. The cooling rates, related to the ingot sizes, are variables that affect directly the size and carbides distribution after the forging process, and they will act directly in the final properties of these materials, especially in the wear resistance and toughness. The results show that, even the smaller ingots provide higher cooling rates; its dimensions are not big enough to provide a sufficient reduction area degree in the hot deformation, able to provide adequate mechanical properties. Also, too small ingots are not industrial productiveness. In the other hand, the big ingots, in spite of allow higher deformation rates, and provide more productivity; generate segregation that compromised the final toughness in the ingots. The commitment between the productiveness and the quality are essential and must be considered.
Análise da dinâmica da paisagem em uma região da bacia do rio Corumbataí-SP e suas consequências para o fluxo gênico entre populações
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-03)
Carrocci, Juliana Baggio
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Piña-Rodrigues, Fátima Conceição Márquez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3123312021353708
The Corumbataí River watershed is one of the most degraded areas of the Sao Paulo State due to historical process of use and occupation of their lands. As a result, structural forest fragmentation occurred. These conditions the communities composition and diversity are changed as well as biotic interactions, interfering in gene flow between isolated populations and thus the sustainability of forest remnants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in land use and cover in the region of Savannah Reserve of Corumbatai, between the years 1978, 1988 and 2000, and its theoretical consequences for gene flow via pollen between populations, using as indicators of habitat quality Euglossina bees. As methodological procedures were used geoprocessing techniques and landscape metrics. The results showed that the process of expansion and intensification of agriculture, especially of sugar cane crop, between the years analyzed was the main cause of deforestation in the region between the period 1978 to 2000, and the savannah was to forest formation the most affected. This process acted in the landscape structural connectivity due to simplify the landscape mosaic, reducing the average size of fragments and increasing isolation among fragments, influencing the functional connectivity of the area to the Euglossina flow. This was mainly due to increasing in the proportion of sugar cane area, crop considered as a barrier to the flow of Euglossina and the reduction of habitats. The results showed that in the study area occurred structural fragmentation process, reflecting in the viii landscape connectivity. This occurred due to inadequate process for use and occupation of land, even after the establishment of conservationists public politics.
Hematita: um novo método de síntese para a indústria
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-04)
Costa, Célia Domingues da
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Longo, Elson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4720655813521058
The motivation in studying the properties of iron oxides was due to difficulty in obtaining colored pencils in shades of brown, with good coverage. To carry out this work we used pigments for industrial use Icra provided by the company that is seeking new technologies to modernize its industrial park and the company Faber-Castell new suppliers of pigments. To study the pigment supplier of business best suited to the project was used atritor grinding mill, to assess the behavior of the pigment in high-energy milling and after analysis of the pigments was selected the most suitable for continuation of the project. Developed methodology to improve the physical and chemical characteristics of the pigment in different processing times by microwave hydrothermal. These techniques allowed to evaluate the evolution of the phases, morphology and structural disorder in samples of atritor milling and recrystallization of the pigment using the microwave hydrothermal. The characterization techniques used in the project were: BET, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, absorption spectroscopy in the ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), scanning electron microscopy with field emission (FEG-SEM).
Além do dinheiro e dos demônios: o neopentecostalismo no Brasil e na Holanda
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-04)
Medeiros, Rangel de Oliveira
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Freston, Paul Charles
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5348477336627331
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the Pentecostal discourse focusing primarily on various levels of discourse production of the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God (UCKG) and the International Church of the Grace of God (ICGG) in order to answer the following question: Is the structuring of these churches predominantly built on the theology of prosperity or on a more varied a range of discursive elements? Based on the hypothesis that these churches try to offer a full experience of life and religion, in opposition to the idea that has been spread by many non-academic commentators and academic works that these churches are only ―supermarket of faith‖, where the ―customer‖ ―buys‖ religious products that he will use in his worldly life and soon goes away, eventually to become ―customer of another supermarket‖. To this end we analyzed two different national contexts. Church activities were followed in Brazil, mainly in Florianopolis, and the Netherlands, especially in the capital Amsterdam. This work also has the characteristics of case study and comparative study. Information obtained during fieldwork in Brazil brought elements for analyzing the behavior of the church and its parishioners in a very different national context, thus enabling us to see what remains and what changes in the discourse of the church and the attitudes of the followers in the new context.
Terpenóides e seu metabolismo em fungos: um estudo de Scleroderma sp. e Xylaria sp.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-05)
Gomes, Diego Zulkiewicz
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Rodrigues Filho, Edson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3667941735597178
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5194179097395467
In the present work, the lanostane triterpenes Lanosta-8,24-diene-3β,23-diol and Lanosta-8,23-diene-3β,25-diol were isolated from the basidiomycete Scleroderma sp., an extremely rich source of triterpenes and not yet reported as having it. The molecular structures were completely determined by 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectrometry (MS) analyses with fragmentation mechanisms being also suggested. These and other substrates were considered for terpenoids metabolism study in Xylaria sp., a micro-organism known from previous projects, at the research group LaBioMMi, by living in mutuality with Sapindus saponaria, a saponins producer plant, known for its antifungal metabolites. Different substrates were considered for fungal experiments, including oleanolic acid, isolated from clove and identified by 1H NMR, stevioside, obtained from commercial source, avenacosides A and B from oats, used in its natural way (known for being rich in these glycosides) and the previously isolated lanosterols from Scleroderma sp. As in their habitat, Xylaria fungus has proved to have great glycosides affinity, promoting deglycosylations reactions or even combining them with different sugar patterns. Oleanolic acid was completely consumed by the micro-organism, while lanosterol were fully incorporated into the fungus mycelium. Using high-resolution LC/MS analysis with Q-TOF hybrid analyzer, the metabolites were accurately identified so as some biotransformation products.
Perda ambígua em cuidadoras de crianças com autismo: ela existe?
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-05)
Oliveira, Cristiane Camargo de
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Aiello, Ana Lúcia Rossito
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3770883068633136
The ambiguous loss is the uncertainty or lack of information about the whereabouts or condition of a loved one. The ambiguity freezes the mourning process and it prevents cognitions, blocking strategy of coping and making-decision process. According to this theory, it can be observed either at the loss in which there is lack of information about a loved one or in the conflicting perception of the family in which members are considered present or absent in the inner circle. Few studies evaluate ambiguous loss in families with autists. The present research aimed: 1.To identify and describe the possible expressions of current feelings of the ambiguous loss in caregivers of children with autism; 2. To verify which coping strategies are more common in these caregivers; 3. To relate possible expressions of ambiguous identity to the measurements of stress and depression in these caregivers, as well as to the degree of severity of the autism. Four caregivers of children with autism aged from six to eight years participated in this study. The caregivers were interviewed on several topics related to the ambiguous loss and they answered instruments about stress, depression, strategy of coping and autism severity of their children. The interview content and the scores of the instruments of the four participants were analyzed. Afterwards, the reports of ambiguous identity with the stress punctuations, depression and autism level were associated. Three children had mild to moderate level and one severe level. All these caregivers presented stress and depression levels, with the prevalence of the coping strategies of social Support, Resolution of problems and Positive Revaluation. After the analysis of the semi-structured interview of ambiguity, it was observed the existence of feelings related to the ambiguous loss in all of these caregivers, with reports on the six categories. Lack of clarity about their child´s diagnosis was prevalent. The results showed the relationship between the increase of the frequency of ambiguous identity with the stress results and the severity of the autism. Based on the identification of experiences of ambiguous loss in these families with autist children, this present research can provide to the professionals further better assistance and a comprehensive and complete supporting to such families.
Avaliação da acessibilidade e da usabilidade de um modelo de ambiente virtual de aprendizagem para a inclusão de deficientes visuais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-05)
Mari, Carina Morais Magri
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Costa, Miguel Antonio Bueno da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4190028279327710
This work presents collaborations of the ergonomics for the virtual learning environment, for its configuration and its use, seeking the inclusion of people with visual disabilities. These collaborations go along with the cognitive principles of ergonomics in which the focus is on the aspects of the usability and accessibility of interfaces of such environments. The virtual learning environment used was Moodle which is applied at Universidade Federal de São Carlos in order to offer distance education courses and where a visually impaired student takes subjects from the technological sugar-cane alcohol production course. The aim of this work is to analyse the interfaces under the view of accessibility, usability and ergonomics so as to facilitate the usage of the virtual learning environment from visually disabled students, contributing to the improvement of the UFSCar‟s distance education system, providing opportunity of inclusion to people with visual disabilities concerning distance education.
Monitoramento ambiental e higiene ocupacional em uma indústria química da cidade de São Carlos SP: ênfase em qualidade do ar interior
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-05)
Kawamoto, Mayumi Silva
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Aguiar, Mônica Lopes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0431688649128529
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2237815241908895
In a workplace, workers are daily exposed to various physical and chemical agents which become health hazards and jeopardize the welfare of the affected individuals. Considering the issue of occupational hygiene and environmental monitoring, this study aimed to evaluate the indoor air quality in the production environment of an industry of paints, varnishes, solvents and products for leather in the city of São Carlos. Were monitored from August 2010 to March 2011, in about four hours by sampling, the following parameters: total particulate matter and respirable fractions, levels of carbon dioxide, noise, temperature and humidity, and also proceeded to the chemical characterization of particulate material collected by the technique of X-Ray Fluorescence and the evaluation of total volatile organic compounds (VOC s). The results showed values above the temperature recommended by the RE/ANVISA nº 9 with an average of 27ºC for the period tracked and humidity values with an average of 52%, which is considered within the recommended by the same standard. The noise levels, in 14 of the 31 samples, were above permitted by NR 15 which is 90 dB (A) for 4 hours with an average value of 73,13 dB(A) for the months sampled and peaks above 90 dB(A) in almost all months. The levels of CO2 are within permitted by NR 15 (3900 ppm) and RE/ANVISA nº 9 (1000 ppm). As for particulate matter, the MP2,5 fraction had average value below 7 μg/m³ and is within the recommended values, as the MP10 and MPT are outside the recommended by OMS and RE/ANVISA nº 9, considering that the MPT is above the recommended 13 days of sampling, ranging from 34,6 to 182,6 μg/m³ in the months sampled. Chemical analysis quantified the elements: Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, P, Pb, S, Si, Sr, Ti, Zn, and the elements of higher concentration in the sampled period were: Al, Fe and Si with maximum concentration of 47,68 μg/m³, 32,81 μg/m³ and 45,25 μg/m³, respectively. The average value for VOC s was 17,85 ppm.
Avaliação de estratégias analíticas para reduzir interferências em ICP-MS e ICP OES
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-05)
Bianchi, Silmara Rossana
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Nogueira, Ana Rita de Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7034773971317045
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8503338877948315
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP OES) are widely multi-element techniques used to analysis complex samples. Otherwise some aspects, such as spectral interferences and low transport efficiency due to pneumatic nebulization limit their applications. In this work the use of the collision-reaction interface (CRI) of ICP-MS in sequential extraction of the As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, V and Zn in sample of soil treated with vinasse for removal of polyatomic interferences and online hydride generation using a Flow Blurring® multinebulizer for the elimination of matrix interferences and improvement of transport efficiency in determining the As, Sb, Se and Sn by ICP OES have been evaluated. In the evaluation of the CRI, it was found that the flow rates of 60 mL min-1 of H2 and 80 mL min-1 of He introduced into the skimmer cone were the flow rates that showed better efficiency in the correction of interferences and was necessary to perform the inorganic matrix matching (majoritarian elements) of the calibration curve and blanks. The sequential extraction of soil samples treated with vinasse showed that the addition this residue contributes to the increase in the concentration of Cu in exchangeable fraction. The proposed method for hydride generation uses an integrated system, in which the formation of volatile species occurs by interaction of aerosols generated by the different multinebulizer orifices in the ICP-OES spray chamber, without the need of any special system. To this end, two of the three multinebulizer orifices are used to continuously nebulize acid and reducing agent, respectively, while the third one is used to sample introduction. The system was optimized to obtain the highest sensitivity using factorial designs. Interference effects of transition metals were corrected by addition of thiourea. The accuracy of the method was verified by determination of antimony, arsenic, selenium and tin in standard reference materials.
Sistema integrado de análise e distribuição de resultados aplicados à bebida de açaí
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-05)
Koizimi, Sandra Maria Leandro
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Pessoa, José Dalton Cruz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4212703554284544
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2434970483997012
The açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart) is a tropical palm tree native to the Amazon. The main purpose of using the fruit is an açaí drink. It is estimated that the international açaí drink market grew 65% in the last three years, followed by the national market 55% and the metropolitan area of Belém 14% a year. The Brazil is the only exporter of this product, however açaí seeds are being planted in countries with similar climate. To raise the barrier to these new competitors is necessary to develop technological tools to guide the agricultural industry in the ongoing monitoring and quality improvement. The Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) has been established as an analytical technique using rapid response and therefore suitable for monitoring processes. Its spectrum can be related to physical variables and product quality. Among the variables used in the market are the dry matter content and anthocyanin content. This paper presents an indicator of competitive performance, constructed from regression models. It aims to establish a relationship between these variables and their NIR spectra, contrasting the conventional analytical methods currently used by agribusiness. This relationship is codified in a system using a free software platform, through the paradigm of object oriented programming.
Estrutura eletrônica de anéis quânticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-09)
Oliveira Neto, Vivaldo Lopes
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Richard, Victor Lopez
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0638704940221279
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6937374774888445
The nanoscopic structures with ring topology, or quantum rings, have attracted the interest due to their unique rotational symmetry and the possibility of checking fundamental quantum phenomena. Among them, the study of Aharonov-Bohm interference effects appears with special emphasis. Analytical calculations of the electronic structure of quantum rings were performed for the electron confined in one-dimensional and threedimensional potentials. These calculations were complemented by the electronic structure simulation of the valence band using the k.p method, main objective this work. This theoretical contribution is a part of a collaboration with experimental groups of growth and spectroscopy which deal with problems related to the manipulation of electronic states and spin properties of quantum rings. The ground states of both electrons and holes in quantum dots (quasi-zero-dimensional systems) have zero angular momentum (in the absence of magnetic fields and low fields) and exhibit a diamagnetic response of the spin states in the presence of an external magnetic field. In non-magnetic quantum dots, the spin properties are mainly attributed to the electron spin and the heavy hole. On the other hand, it is assumed that the light holes have a minor role in the properties of the exciton ground state. Our results show that the interband coupling may lead to the angular momentum hybridization of the electronic states, even in the ground state and the the light hole may assume a relevant role. The adaptation and improvement of calculations of the electronic structure using the k.p methods were two of the main objectives of this work. The theoretical tools developed aim to contribute to the establishment of protocols for optimal use and application of such systems.
Segregação socioespacial: os condomínios horizontais na cidade de São Carlos/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-09)
Nardin, Juliana de
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Francisco, José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0330065027402518
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8649723884955257
This dissertation focuses the closed horizontal condominiums and subdivisions in the city of São Carlos that appeared in the 1970s consolidating itself as the form of housing of highincome classes that seek parts far from the center to live within the walls. In 1976 in São Carlos, it was deployed Parque Sabará the first enterprise of this tipe since then, the condominiums expanded and hold large areas of the city. They are located as in portions more remote as in the consolidated urban area. This dynamic is increasing in many Brazilian cities, as evidenced by the growing production of work aimed at this issue. This way, there are discussions and questions the social perspective, as an ingredient of socio-spatial segregation, or in relation to the legality of the establishment of these enterprises, that do not have specific legislation that regulates us. Therefore, the dissertation refers to the study and analysis of closed residential subdivisions and condominiums in São Carlos, and the transformations inserted in the context of the deployment of these enterprises. The research is based in literature search, documentary, photographic and visits to investigate the production of urban space from the closed condominiums and subdivisions set in a dynamic real estate production. This study was guided by the discussion of socio-spatial segregation and the capitalist production of space that impose occupation patterns that spread and are responsible for maintaining the capital.
Licitações e editais de empreendimentos públicos de construção e sua influência no processo de projeto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-11)
Zanferdini, André Saretta
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Novaes, Celso Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7340467051481570
The delay in the conclusion of the public construction projects, that are frequently paralyzed, as well as the foreseen cost rise, may highlight the existence of recurrent technical, financial, political, administrative or judicial problems, which were originated even before hiring a firm. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze how the bidding and engineering work contracts refereeing legislation, within the Powers of Union, of States and Municipal district, contributes so that the solutions taken from designs do not get fully attended during the process of public construction ventures. Such a purpose, which initially required additional knowledge on public construction projects and design process, which was achieved with the execution of the literature review and the case studies, that in turn involved three public contracting companies and three contracted firms, as a way to get different perceptions of the same process. The evidence obtained from the contract bidding analysis, properly validated with answers from series of questions applied to contracting party and contracted, along with the literature review provided the conclusion of this work, as well as the creation of a proposal that aims to reduce the problems related to the accomplishment of the solutions taken from designs of public construction projects.
Caracterização trófica da ictiofauna da Represa do Beija-Flor, na Estação Ecológica de Jataí, Luiz Antônio, SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-11)
Oliveira, Elisa Martins de
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Peret, Alberto Carvalho
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0995579236780271
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3345072251027342
The feeding habits, reproduction and growth of omnivores, herbivores, detritivores and iliófagos fish species from the Beija-flor reservoir in Jataí Ecological Station were investigated. This provides information on the trophic interaction between species, feeding habits, establishing guilds and also provides subsidies for monitoring the the Beija-flor reservoir. Emphasis was placed on Prochilodus lineatus, presented as a larger sample in this study, so the reproduction and growth of only this species was analyzed. Eleven samplings were made between September 2008 and October 2009. The diet was assessed through the food importance index. Three species showed an herbivorous diet (Leporinus striatus, Schizodon nasutus and Metynnis sp.), two species were omnivorous with a tendency to insectivory (Astyanax altiparanae and Astyanax fasciatus), two species were omnivorous with tendency to herbivory (Leporinus aff. friderici and Geophagus brasiliensis), one species was ilyophagous (Cyphocarax modestus) and one species was detritivore (Prochilodus lineatus). The reproduction of Prochilodus lineatus occurred between November and February and their allometric growth was negative. The richness of organic matter in the sediment of the Beija-flor reservoir is evidenced in the high proportion of organic matter found in the C. modestus and P. lineatus stomach contents. Detritus was a food source of higher quality for these species so this reservoir provides an important place of feeding. There is no seasonal pattern of feeding overlap between species, that was caused by significant amounts of feeding overlap occurred in the both seasons. The analysis of dietary overlaps showed that food partitioning was higher within detritivores. Although there was overlap between many the species, there is no competition between them because the niche was shared. The Beija-flor reservoir is an environment where the detritivore food chain has an important role in the system because the reservoir is an ecosystem of decomposition.
Ensaios bioquímicos e celulares para a identificação de novos inibidores de TcGAPDH seletivos à HsGAPDH
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-11)
Soares, Fabyana Aparecida
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Montanari, Carlos Alberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9200533791228786
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7008669907649678
Chagas disease is a tropical neglected illness; nearly 10 million people are infected, in 2008 it was responsible for the deaths of about 10 thousand people. At present, only two medicines (benznidazol and nifurtimox) are available to treat this disease and they lack of efficacy/safety in chronic phase. This scenario is changing due to advances in the search for new trypanocidal agents. The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a glycolytic enzyme of Trypanosoma cruzi appears as a suitable target for drug discovery. In the present work, a kinetic study using Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC) were carried out to investigate the activity of eight NAD+ analogs against GAPDH. ITC was been used to measure the heat exchange during reactions making it a powerful tool of identification of bioactive compounds. Study compounds showed inhibitory activity on TcGAPDH enzyme and its homologous human GAPDH. The apparent inhibition constant values (Ki app) were in the range from 15,98 to 91,25 M describing competitive inhibition mechanisms. Important steps in medicinal chemistry maybe biochemical followed by cell-based assays were, for instance, Saccharomyces cerevisiae could be used as a model to assess the cytotoxic activity of compounds. The technique used to study the action of chemical compounds in yeast was the fluorescence spectroscopy. Five out of eight compounds showed no activity against S. cerevisiae. This is a good indication that study compounds have low cytotoxicity, which makes them candidates for in vitro studies on the parasite.
Estudo da corrosão de aço AISI 1020 em meio de petróleo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-11)
Rios, Emerson da Costa
;
Souza, Ernesto Chaves Pereira de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1505400360366643
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8791195940411823
The chemical attack on crude oil, which contains corrosive compounds such as H2S, CO2, naphthenic acids and salts dissolved in the aqueous phase, combined with effects of varying pH, temperature, flow and pressure, has great influence on the corrosion rate in equipment steel. Given the small number of papers in the literature relating to the study of corrosion of steel in contact with crude oil, and the importance of the topic, this study aimed to characterize the main corrosion of steel AISI 1020, which has similar chemical composition most of the steel pipelines in oil. Due to the high resistivity of oil, this study used the techniques of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, EIS, and Electrochemical Noise, EN, for the measurements of steel corrosion. Initially tests were carried out mass loss in steel samples immersed in simulated oil with different amounts of acetic acid in order to define the concentrations and their corrosive effects. Considering the oil contained in the aqueous phase were studied by EIS types of steel corrosion in oil OAPI 17 with different amounts of sea water emulsified. The spectra obtained by EIS showed three semi-circles, and at high frequencies (> 10Hz), the predominant effect of the capacitive and resistive bulk oil and in medium (10 - 0.05 Hz) and low (<0.05 Hz) frequencies the effects of adsorption, electrical double layer and charge transfer resistance at the interface of the electrode is predominant. Optical images were obtained after the accelerated corrosion of steel/emulsions systems and for polarization curve measurements in situ of the steel/water extract, where there was variation in the morphology of the attack with the variation in the amount of water emulsified in oil. Considering the presence of corrosive three species: sea water (0.5 and 4.0%), naphthenic acid (500 and 3,000 ppm) and H2S (50 ppm and 1,000), and using a 23 factorial design of experiments to obtain the effect cross these species, the corrosion process was investigated using the technique of EN in the open circuit potential, EOC. Analysis of current noise signals was done with the help of wavelet transform which gave rise to the power distribution diagrams. These diagrams show that there is a greater tendency to pitting corrosion in environments where the concentration of H2S the amount of water are higher, which means that for the greater amount of naphthenic acid corrosion in general the contribution was relatively higher. The results observed through the power distribution diagrams were confirmed by morphological analysis of the samples corroded. The methods used in this work allowed to estimate the speed and identify the predominant type of corrosion of steel in oil containing aggressive chemical species that are commonly found in Brazilian petroleum.
Estratégias analíticas para a avaliação química de solos e liquens da Antártica marítima
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-12)
Guerra, Marcelo Braga Bueno
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Pereira Filho, Edenir Rodrigues
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3394181280355442
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7474474218219859
The aim of this PhD thesis is the ample study of soil and lichen samples from Antarctica, collected in regions under strong anthropogenic impact. Surface soil samples were collected around several scientific stations: Brazilian (Comandante Ferraz), Argentinian (Esperanza), Chilean (Frei Montalva and Escudero), Chinese (Great Wall), Russian (Bellingshausen) and Uruguaian (Artigas). Control soil samples were also collected, for representing areas with low anthropic influence (far away from the local stations). Lichen samples (Usnea antarctica and Usnea aurantiacoatra) were collected near the Chilean and Russian stations, as well as in a control point far 0.5 km from the nearest station. X-ray Fluorescence was used as an analytical tool for the preliminary evaluation on metal contamination in the soil samples. Several extraction solutions (aqua regia, sequential extraction procedure, DTPA and CaCl2 solutions) were used to assess the amounts of metals in the soil samples. For Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn determination in the soil extracts, some analytical strategies were employed, such as fast sequential determination by FAAS in the conventional mode, as well as by using STAT-FAAS and TS-FF-AAS for evaluating Cd and Pb determination in DTPA soil extracts. The chemometric tools: HCA, PCA and PARAFAC were used for soil data treatment. Enrichment factors were calculated in order to infer about the degree of soil contamination. Soil samples collected around the stations diesel tanks were enriched with Cr and Pb. Soil samples from Esperanza station are the most contaminated ones, reaching 46, 18993 and 4823 mg kg-1 for Cd, Pb and Zn, respectively, for the strongest contaminated sites. The use of Flame-AAS and STAT-FAAS in the fast sequential mode appears as a good way that combines higher analytical throughput and better sensitivity (STAT-FAAS). Besides that, minimization of toxic wastes generation and xv economy of reagents are analytical advantages of this approach. The employment of chemometric tools are also an important strategy allowing the visualization of sample groupings and the variables related to them. A fast and simple method for pseudototal determination of metals in soil samples was developed. In this method, the samples were extracted with lower amount of aqua regia and in a reduced time (when compared with the official method) by using inexpensive centrifuge tubes. LAICP- MS was evaluated for direct determination of lead in the lichen samples and to access the distribution profile of this element in the organism structures. Lichen samples from heavily anthropogenic sites (near the stations) have the highest Pb concentrations ([Pb] = 8.71 mg kg-1 for the most contaminated sample and [Pb] = 1.12 mg kg-1 for the control point). LA-ICP-MS emerges as an adequate analytical method for direct Pb determination in lichen samples, notably when using carbon (naturally present in the samples) as internal standard. The medulla region of the lichen thalli is the main Pb bioacumulating lichen region.