Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2011-08-26"

Filter results by year or month

Now showing 1 - 20 of 19484

Hidrólise e fermentação do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar em escala de bancada para produção de etanol 2G
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-26)
Carli, Chanel Moacyr de
;
Cruz, Antonio José Gonçalves da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3863506440644207
The objective of this work was to evaluate the hydrolysis and alcoholic fermentation stages of the sugar cane bagasse (SCB) for second generation ethanol production (2G). Hydrolysis experiments were carried out employing 8%, 10%, 15% and 20% (m/v) solid loads. Samples of in natura SCB and steam exploded SCB were submitted to different pretreatment sequences: water + 4.0% NaOH solution; 1.0% H2SO4 solution + 4.0% NaOH 4%; 1.0% H2SO4 solution + 7.0% NaOH solution; 7.0% NaOH solution; aqueous ammonia; water. Pretreated bagasse was characterized (chemical analysis and SEM) and the mass yield of each sequence was evaluated. This material was employed in hydrolysis experiments using different enzyme loads (33, 65 and 98 FPU/g-cellulose). Three different configurations were evaluated: SHF Separated Saccharification and Fermentation, SSF Simultaneous Hydrolysis and Fermentation, and FB Fed-Batch. In these experiments it was employed Accelerase 1500 enzymatic extract (Genencor). Concerning cellulose loss, SCB pretreated with water and 4.0% of NaOH solution presented the best result (23.9%). For this case, the hemicellulose and ligning removal was 73.7% and 79.1%, respectively. For the others pretreatment sequences the hemicellulose and lignin removal range from 72.3 to 92.2%. For lignin removal the values range from 60.0 and 88.9%. Experiments employing high solid load (20%) resulting in a more concentrated hydrolyzed (ca. 110 g/L). In this experiment it was achieved 64% of cellulose to glucose conversion in 34 hour. The fermentation experiments were carried out employing Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast (lyophilized commercial). The yield ranges from 75 to 94%. Experiment conducted in the SSF configuration achieved 86.5% of cellulose to ethanol conversion in 14 hours. Experiment carried out in SHF configuration achieved 63.2% of cellulose to ethanol conversion in 37 hours. Experiments carried out in FB configuration reached larger amount of glucose with the same enzyme load employed in batch experiment and at the same time.
Istar: um esquema estrela otimizado para Image Data Warehouses baseado em similaridade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-26)
Anibal, Luana Peixoto
;
Ciferri, Ricardo Rodrigues
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8382221522817502
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7589638896609246
A data warehousing environment supports the decision-making process through the investigation and analysis of data in an organized and agile way. However, the current data warehousing technologies do not allow that the decision-making processe be carried out based on images pictorial (intrinsic) features. This analysis can not be carried out in a conventional data warehousing because it requires the management of data related to the intrinsic features of the images to perform similarity comparisons. In this work, we propose a new data warehousing environment called iCube to enable the processing of OLAP perceptual similarity queries over images, based on their pictorial (intrinsic) features. Our approach deals with and extends the three main phases of the traditional data warehousing process to allow the use of images as data. For the data integration phase, or ETL phase, we propose a process to represent the image by its intrinsic content (such as color or texture numerical descriptors) and integrate this data with conventional data in the DW. For the dimensional modeling phase, we propose a star schema, called iStar, that stores both the intrinsic and the conventional image data. Moreover, at this stage, our approach models the schema to represent and support the use of different user-defined perceptual layers. For the data analysis phase, we propose an environment in which the OLAP engine uses the image similarity as a query predicate. This environment employs a filter mechanism to speed-up the query execution. The iStar was validated through performance tests for evaluating both the building cost and the cost to process IOLAP queries. The results showed that our approach provided an impressive performance improvement in IOLAP query processing. The performance gain of the iCube over the best related work (i.e. SingleOnion) was up to 98,21%.
Estudo de alterações metabólicas nos fungos endofíticos Penicillium brasilianum e Penicillium griseoroseum
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-26)
Silva, José Vinicius da
;
Rodrigues Filho, Edson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3667941735597178
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2434474647454729
Microorganisms, known as being relatively simple, have shown a great adaptation power to different nutritional situations by changing their metabolism with lack or supply of nutrients in the culture medium. This feature allows a wide range of the use of microorganisms to produce metabolites with several interests. This study has been named OSMAC (One Strain Many Compounds) approach, which was applied in this study by using two fungi from Penicillium genus. Through culture medium modification with FeCl3 during growth of P. brasilianum, it was able to produce isoquinolinic alkaloid. On the other hand, the addition of CaCl2, another alkaloid belonging to tremogenic class was isolated and analysed by spectroscopic methods. When P. griseoroseum was cultivated with NH4Br, it was observed the production of a halogenated secondary metabolite, which was not reported before (brominated roquefortine C). Analyses by GC/MS led to detect three phenolic compounds with bromine atoms in its structure. The secondary metabolites of P. griseoroseum with no modification in the culuture medium were studied and three metabolites were isolated. Two of them belong to the tetronic acid class and the other one was isolated as a dimer from clavatol. Analyses by LC/ MS-MS were able to identify other tetronic acids in the ethyl acetate extract from P. griseoroseum.
Processos linguísticos na produção de textos: mecanismos de qualificação e relações intersubjetivas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-26)
Barros, Solange Christiane Gonzalez
;
Onofre, Marilia Blundi
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4908382415301882
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3171777102805120
This research intends to approach the language teaching and learning from an enunciative perspective based on the Theory of Predicative and Enunciative Operations from Antoine Culioli. Our theoretical option is due to the fact we take into consideration the relevance of working with the articulation between grammatical marks and text production/understanding. With the purpose of this achievement, we study the notion of qualification conveyed by different grammatical marks for which this role is traditionally ascribed. It is included, for example, adjectives, adjective locutions and adjective sentences. We are mainly interested in the processes of predication that involves this notion as we aim to show that these processes are evidences for intersubjectivity marks which uphold these productions of meaning. We also propose to demonstrate that this teaching approach for grammatical marks articulated with the semantic and discursive notions is a way to promote the linguistic and cognitive development in students.
Filtragem MAP 2-D de imagens CT ruidosas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-26)
Geraldo, Rafael José
;
Mascarenhas, Nelson Delfino d'Ávila
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0557976975338451
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6243571041189627
Computed tomography has been widely used for medical diagnosis, since it allows viewing of internal parts of a body without overlapping structures. However, recent studies indicate a certain risk of cancer to the patients who undergo this type of examination due the radiation dose to which they are exposed. The purpose of this work is to develop new _ltering techniques in the CT image space, in order to provide a better quality to the images acquired with low radiation exposure to the patient. For noise reduction, a new denoising technique is developed based on a pointwise Maximum a Posteriori (MAP). The noise is considered Gaussian with zero mean, as observed experimentally, and the variance is estimated considering two cases: signaldependent noise and signal-independent noise. For the a priori density of the signal, we used di_erent non-negative probability densities (re_ecting the fact the pixels of an image are non-negative). In another approach, the histogram of the images were segmented into unimodal parts and each segment was _ltered using the _lter based on the MAP criterion with the a priori density that best _ts it. After _ltering, the evaluation of the method is performed using the following criteria: Mean Square Error, Improvement in Signal to Noise Ratio, Universal Image Quality Index and Structural Similarity Index. The 2D _ltering results are compared with the results obtained by pointwise Wiener _lter.
Uso de instrumentos de avaliação de riscos ergonômicos: teoria e prática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-26)
Souza, Viviani Cintra de
;
Camarotto, João Alberto
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1427853773681255
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2583628524362262
In recent years, in Brazil, companies have shown a growing interest in developing actions to address ergonomic problems in working conditions related to health and productivity. This interest is due in part to the compliance requirements of working conditions to the legislation of the Ministry of Labor and Employment. To adapt working conditions to the legal conditions recommended the need arises to measure the conditioning factors of work activities, and consequently increases the demand for use of instruments to assess the ergonomic risks. The study aims to determine the contribution of risk assessment tools in the analysis of ergonomic conditions of work activity in steps of Ergonomic Work Analysis and use of these instruments in Brazil, by consulting firms and research institutions and extension in the area ergonomics in an attempt to establish the relationship between the objectives and content of the instruments and methods of analysis used in practice. The survey was conducted through a literature review, to determine the instruments and through a questionnaire, seeking, knowing the tools most used by Brazilian organizations to ergonomics. In the questionnaire some questions were addressed in order to know the work of organizations of ergonomics in Brazil: issues relating to training for professionals working with ergonomics, the main intervention activities and steps that develop, the factors related to the job consider during the intervention, the methodologies we use as reference and the instruments they use to ergonomic risk assessments. According to the systematic knowledge and accumulated in the literature on the use of tools to verify specific aspects of man's relationship with their work environment, it was observed that most concentrate their goals in the evaluation of factors related to the physical dimensions of the work. The research results allow us to conclude that the instruments are not sufficient to analyze the work during an ergonomic intervention. Thus, the formation of analysts with their different views and
Desenvolvimento de procedimentos metodológicos na prospecção de microalgas propícias para a produção de biodiesel
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-26)
Pepino, Rodrigo Fernando
;
Vieira, Armando Augusto Henriques
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4428377384377272
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1295111902750887
The chemical compounds called triacylglycerides (TAGs) have been the main source for biodiesel. The isolation of high lipid yield microalgae is important for the success of algae biomass production for biodiesel and, therefore, a search not only for organisms that fulfill such profile, but also for techniques effective in rapid lipid detection is fundamental. A number of methodologies on the characterization of microalgae lipid production, such as FTIR and RMN spectroscopy and spectrofluorimetry using the Nile Red dye are presented in this study. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) technique have been largely used in biological system studies due to its rapid analysis, no pretreatment data gathering and easy biochemical characterization of intact cells. This study proposes a technical optimization of the FTIR technique for microalgae usage purposes as a practical approach for concomitantly prospecting large amounts of microalgae species with focus on biodiesel production. The Red Nile fluorescence has been successfully applied in microalgae lipid determination. In this research, the lipid (neutral) amount was determined by fluorescence in 430-570nm and a linear correlation established with the data gathered through gravimetry. After prospecting a number of species from the laboratory s stock cultures, the freshwater microalgae Scenedesmus sp (Clone MJ13) has been selected for study under traditional growth practices and under conditions of different nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. The results showed a fast metabolic answer of Scenedesmus sp to the nutritional availability and the efficiency of the FTIR spectroscopy as a fast and reliable method for the determination of lipid production in a prospecting process.
Estudo de interações proteicas da Tiorredoxina Peroxidase Nuclear (nTPx) de Sacharomyces cerevisiae nos eventos de crescimento celular e silenciamento telomérico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-26)
Breyer, Carlos Alexandre
;
Oliveira, Marcos Antonio de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7187775781809988
The thioredoxin peroxidase (Tpx) is a group of antioxidant proteins that has been widely studied due to its role in the decomposition of different peroxides such as H2O2, peroxynitrite and organic peroxides. The ability of peroxide decomposition by Tpx is related to the presence of a conserved cysteine called peroxidatic cysteine (CysP). Most Tpx has a second cysteine (resolving cysteine - CysR) which forms a disulfide with CysP after peroxide decomposition. In addition to the peroxidase activity, some Tpx have molecular chaperone activity and are also involved in signaling of cell growth induced by hydroperoxides. It has been demonstrated that the Tpx cytosolic isoform of Schizosaccharomyces pombe is able to interact directly with MAPK (Sty1) via mixed disulfide, which is stabilized when the CysR is replaced by a serine residue. Saccharomyces cerevisiae have a nuclear isoform of Tpx (nTPx) and review of the literature shows the importance of this protein in maintaining the telomere silencing and decomposition of organic peroxides in the nucleus. Scale proteomic studies using mass spectrometry and two-hybrid indicate the nTPx association with MAP kinases. However, despite its location and participation in biological processes of relevance, works related to nTPx are scarce. Scale proteomics studies reported the physical interaction between nTPx and Mec3, Gts1, Pc1 and Dog2. These proteins are related to cell signaling or maintenance of telomeric silencing. However, no specific studies were performed to confirm these interactions and if they are established by mixed disulfides. This study aimed to evaluate the interactions previously described in the literature between nTPx and Mec3, Pcl1, Dog2 and Gts1 through the expression and purification of these proteins and in vitro evaluation of interactions as well as in vivo tests using two-hybrid. Several efforts were made with different approaches, nevertheless it was impossible overexpression of Mec3, Pcl1, Dog2, indicating a toxic effect of these proteins on the strains used. Furthermore, we found great success in overexpression of nTPx and nTpxC112S (8 mg and 10 mg per liter of cell culture) in Eschericchia coli strain BL21 (DE3) C43. This is the first time that these proteins were expressed in native form. It was also possible to overexpress the Gts1 protein in the same strain. These results could lead for new approaches in future studies in order to determine these threedimensional structures, by methods such as X-ray crystallography or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Finally, the results obtainedusing the technique of two-hybrid yeast confirmed the interaction in vivo among nTPx and Mec3, Gts1, Dog2. However, opposing the results described in the literature, no interaction was detected between nTPx and PCL1, emphasizing the necessity of specific experiments in addition to the large-scale ones.
Proposta de sistema para a gestão da qualidade e da segurança de vegetais minimamente processados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-26)
Alvarenga, André Luis Bonnet
;
Toledo, José Carlos de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421627326330417
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3555912710
The global need to ensure food quality and safety has always been a concern of primary producers, processors, distributors, consumers and governmental bodies. On the other hand, notified cases of food borne disease still cause a wide range of negative social and economic impacts worldwide. Current technology for production of Minimally Processed Vegetables (MPV) entails a series of critical steps, which can lead to product contamination by biological, chemical or physical hazards if adequate controls are not observed, and yielding potentially unsafe food products. Such concerns become even more important given that MPV`s production chains involve mostly small producers and/or enterprises in rural settings, which typically lack qualified training and specific skills. To address this challenge, the present work proposes a customized quality and safety management system for MPVs. Initially, an integrative literature search was conducted to cover topics such as quality management theory, food safety systems, MPV technology, and supply chain management as an initial step to direct a multiple case study. Field work was then performed for two MPV chains, involving a total of 18 observation units composed of rural producers, processors, shippers and distributors for retail or institutional markets, so that the system could be developed to meet the actual needs and requirements of MPV chains. Its guiding principle is the management of quality attributes of MPVs, as demanded by consumers, via the operational implications of these attributes throughout the production chain. The system also includes a performance evaluation protocol to ensure continuous process optimization. As a result, the system´s structure operates at a simple managing level, triggering systemic process vision and effective cooperation among stakeholders, while empowering them by their direct leadership and coordination of the system and ensuing processes. Finally, a working model for the proposed system is applied to minimally processed lettuce. In addition to being a tool to plan the implementation of quality and safety management protocols in this specific MPV chain, the system can also be used by MPV processors as a mainframe to guide their internal and supplier´s audits, as well as by retail and institutional companies.
O ensino comunicativo de português língua estrangeira em contexto especifico: uma reflexão sobre a sala de aula
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-27)
Siloto, Luiz Henrique
;
Paula, Sandra Regina Buttros Gattolin de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9228036521343293
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9532067890984046
A lot have been said about the communicative approach of language as principles to a language teaching that involves the intercultural aspect of the language. The arrival of the communicative approach is related to the changes in language conception in the end of the 20 century. Language seems now to be understood as a complex communication web with meanings for social interaction. Based on Richard and Rogers (20010, by this conception, the communicative dimension of language is emphasized and grammatical aspects are taken to a second plan in the language classroom where the process seems to be so important as the result of the activities. In that view, the language classroom becomes a changing knowledge and interaction environment where cultural aspects of a society are parts of the development of the communicative competence. By the view of the communicative approach, know a language is not just learning the structure of a language but the others culture to solve problems in different communicative situations. For the learner, the approach of cultural subjects in the classroom is responsible to understand his culture face the others. How it s believed the approach that presents more positive results in developing efficient speakers, is worth investigate how the approach is applied in different learning contexts. For that, we are going to analyze portuguese classes for the students of Law from the University of Macau teached by a brazilian professor in his first year on that institution. In that specific context, we are going to investigate the development of a communicative class for the Chinese students and the possibilities of an intercultural approach. Identify the intercultural approach is possible when there is interaction in the classroom once the students have to exchange knowledge to solve language problems. According to this view this research is based on a material and its use in classroom by a brasilian teacher. The material, which designed based on brasilian movies is the base of this research. The results of the analyses, also based on a questionnaire and an interview showed that the communicative approach wasn t possible in the observed classes. The difficulty in using that kind of approach in the chinese context must be because of the cultural factor and/or the no adjustment of the method by the professor. That s why we have to consider the educational context to define and adjust our methods.
O Sistema judiciário brasileiro e o reconhecimento de identidades sociais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-28)
Silva, Rodrigo Umbelino da
;
Braga, Maria do Socorro Sousa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2311094074614215
This present work is meant to examine the judiciary and the process of construction of social identities in Brazil after the 1988 Constitution. The search is assumed that after the process of democratization, the Brazilian state has experienced a new constitutionalism, encouraging new time to seek effective constitutional guarantees, setting up what will be called judicialization of politics in this inset the participation of the Judiciary, the Ministry public and civil society by the action of social movements, lead to a relentless pursuit of recognition and therefore construction of social identities. Understanding the relationship between law and politics, theoretical part of this arrangement, being guided by the phenomena of the contemporary debate legalization and judicial activism. The logic of any research that set the conceptual and empirical analysis of social transformations, guided by the action of those that structure the State, is the understanding that everything will be built will be based on a true democratic state of law, directing roughly the effective organization that society we want to search.
Biocompatibilidade da vitrocêramica bioativa (Biosilicato®): análises in vitro e in vivo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-29)
Kido, Hueliton Wilian
;
Peitl Filho, Oscar
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3007441705652783
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2913551944409323
Due to limited availability of autogenous bone and of the risks associated with the use of bone allografts, new synthetic materials have been developed in order to replace the bone tissue lost due to trauma or pathological process. The bioactive materials in the form of scaffolds are synthetic materials promising for bone grafting. Several studies suggest that these biomaterials are able to stimulate the proliferation of osteoblasts and osteogenesis at the site of fracture. However, the feasibility of these biomaterials to a clinical application requires the investigation of their biocompatibility. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the biocompatibility of a scaffold synthesized from a fully crystallized glass-ceramic bioactive quaternary system P2O5-Na2O-CaO-SiO2 (Biosilicate®), through histopathological analysis of the biomaterial implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of rats and the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity analysis of the biomaterial in cell cultures (OSTEO-1 and L929 cells). Histopathologic analysis of the biomaterial was performed using 65 Wistar rats male (210- 260 g), randomly divided into two groups, Control group (n = 3 animals per period) and Biosilicate group (n = 10 animals per period), evaluated at 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after surgery. The animals of Biosilicate group underwent surgery and received a subcutaneous implant of Biosilicate® scaffolds. The animals of Control group underwent surgery but did not receive any biomaterial implant. The cytotoxicity analysis was performed to assess the effect of products leaching from Biosilicate® scaffolds (extracts) on cellular proliferation (MTT). The extracts were evaluated in various concentrations (100, 50, 25 and 12.5%) in experimental periods of 24, 72 and 120 hours in two cell lines (OSTEO-1 and L929). The genotoxicity analysis (comet assay) was performed to assess DNA damage in cells OSTEO-1 and L929 grown in contact with the Biosilicate® scaffolds in different periods of 24, 72 and 96 horas. The statistical analysis of parametrics data was performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey post-hoc and the analysis of nonparametrics data was performed by Mann-Whitney test. Both statistical tests were performed with a significance level of 5%. The results of histopathological analysis showed that the animals of the Control group did not present inflammation process, necrotic tissue and fibrous tissue. The animals of Biosilicato group showed a granulation tissue after 7 days of implantation. In the other periods (15, 30, 45 and 60 days) a chronic inflammation process of foreign body, marked by the presence of fibrous tissue and giant cells was observed. No infection or necrotic tissue was observed in any animal. In the analysis of cytotoxicity, it was observed that extracts of Biosilicato® scaffolds did not have any significant effect in reducing cell proliferation OSTEO-1 and L929, and that lower concentrations of the extracts (12.5 and 25%) stimulated the proliferation of both cells in periods of 72 and 120 hours. The analysis of genotoxicity showed that the Biosilicate® scaffolds did not induce DNA damage in the cell lines tested in all experimental periods. The results of this study showed that the Biosilicate® scaffolds presented biocompatibility in vivo and in vitro.
Trajetórias de jovens em conflito com a lei: passado e presente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-29)
Machado, Dinair Ferreira
;
Mancuso, Maria Inês Rauter
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8107342125081884
The frequency of young in conflict with the law sets up with a social problem, whose solution is usually thought only from a process of education at the familiar scope. In the modernity, therefore, this responsibility turned out to be shared with the State. This research had, as general goal, to know according to the investigated youngster´s perception, the reasons and effects that took them to commit some infraction acts and others not to commit them. The study compared a group of young people that reported they had conflicts with the law with the other ones that, in the same research, reported not to commit this conflict, rebuilding their trajectory of life in their environment of socialization. These young people made part of a previous research made in the municipality of Botucatu in 2002, over the Public Health Department of Unesp / Botucatu. The interviews at the current job were made according to the young people´s history of life and their familiar, who were indicated by them like the biggest affective link: mother or father. It was tried to realize what differed the two groups from the point of view of the effects and dispositions. This is important to verge that the narratives were illuminated by a detachment of eight years from the moment of the first research, that is, the past was updated and rebuilt according to the new experiences. From the fifteen young people who were interviewed, eleven were male and four were female; two were at the prison and one had been murdered (these people´s histories of life were rebuilt based on the testimony of the family: mother or stepmother). Most of them were working (ten) and only three hadn´t concluded high school. From eight youngsters who related the conflict in the first interview, four didn´t have it anymore and the other four still had the conflict; from these, one was at the prison at the epoch of the current research and one had been murdered. From the seven youngsters who didn´t relate the conflict, four kept in this situation, three started having the conflict and one was at the prison. The trajectory of life of the youngsters was marked by situations that, for ones, had the role of protection and for others was factor of vulnerability, for example: the family, school, religion and friends. What differed the youngster´s choices was the meaning given by them for the experiences that they had lived.
Estudo limnológico de um trecho do médio rio Madeira (região de Porto Velho - RO), com ênfase na comunidade Zooplanctônica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-29)
Arantes Junior, João Durval
;
Rocha, Odete
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7577441794992601
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1811499879300642
Madeira River is the fourth major river of the planet considering its discharge, only behind the Amazonas, Congo and Orinoco rivers. It is the main affluent contributing with half of the suspended solids transported by the Amazon River. In the present work a limnological research was carried out in a 300 Km stretch of Middle Madeira River. Two different approaches were adopted in order to characterize physically and chemically the system: A real time monitoring of physical and chemical variables at short time intervals and trimestrally punctual surveys. Seven field expeditions were carried out corresponding to different hydrological periods: decreasing water level, low water, rising water level and high waters. Eight sampling stations were distributed along the 300 km of River Madeira stretch for measurements of physical and chemical variables, plus water and plankton samples collection. Some variables were measured in situ by the Yellowsprings multiparameter probe and water was taken for laboratory suspended matter, nutrient and ion cocentration measurements. In the real time monitoring the measurements were taken each 30 minutes along 423 days in the period between 23/01/2010 and 22/03/2011. The results obtained evidenced the strong influence of the hydrological cycle on the water turbidity, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen concentration and pH. Short time pulses starting with abrupt changes in the water level and discharge of River Madeira greatly influenced water turbidity and electrical conductivity. The zooplankton community was composed by 101 taxa, being Rotifera the group of highest species richness (45 species). Copepoda was a group with noticeably high richness of species, being represented by fifteen species, among which some Amazon endemic taxa. Total diversity is moderate compared to other fluvial systems in Brazil. Protozoa was the group that contributed most to the zooplankton biomass particularly in the periods of decreasing water and low water levels of the year 2010. Mean density of zooplankton was 9,714 ind. m-3 and mean biomass was relatively low with a mean value of 14.22 x 103 μg.m-3. The zooplankton community is probably limited by the low primary productivity of this white water river and primarily responds to the wide fluctuaions of the main driving forces of the system, both the seasonal and interannual changes in the river water level.
Trabalho individual e trabalho coletivo de pequenos produtores rurais: um estudo na cooperselene de Sinop (MT)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-29)
Peiter, Mara Beatriz
;
Eid, Farid
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1399082619423324
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5579237700208317
The current literature about the modalities of organizations that deal with the solidarity economy tends to affirm an alternative attitude of the new solidarity experiences of the selfmanagement and cooperation given the opening that fall into the capitalist relations of production. In Brazil, the culture of cooperation is observed since the era of Portuguese colonization. This process emerged in the Brazilian Cooperative Movement came out of in the late 19th century, incited by civil servants, militaries, personnel professionals and workers, to serve their needs. They would represent the manifestation of a new method of the work organization and economic activities in general. The city of Sinop/MT where this research was carried out, today focuses a large volume of business related to the husbandry and each day more is growing according to increase of the population. There are many cattlemen who assure the economics of the agribusiness in the town. Then, we formulate the question about how occurred the trajectory of the milk producer in the municipality, whose this, is inserted into an organization that before was associative and now is converted into a cooperative, in search of better production and commercialization. This, the work intended to discuss this topic showing data from an exploratory qualitative research carried out in the Cooperativa Agrícola Selene Cooperselene-located in the rural area on Selene Road, town of Sinop/MT in the period of October, 2010 to March, 2011. In the results of this research we see the strengthening of security of the milk producer with to the delivery and sale of his product in the entrepreneurial organization. The data shows that labor relations have improved when cooperative members departed from the individual to the collective work, as well as growth prospects and insertion of the new products which are part of the internal politics of the group. Despite of all the advances, we realized that there are lot of things to be still done with regard to work about cooperativism and associativism. The complex access to availability of financial resources and subsidies of the government still is present and is the cause for complaint of current cooperative members. However it is known that the process is gradual, but can be achieved always seeking the strengthening and improvements to the collective in this model of organization.
Análise da produção do espaço urbano do município de São Pedro/SP : um caso de polinucleação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-29)
Fracassi, Priscila Carrara
;
Francisco, José
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0330065027402518
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8983952030976391
The current study examines the production of urban space in São Pedro SP, considering that it occurs in a very peculiar way, where urban spaces spread on countryside in search for region's natural amenities, creating an urban scenery discontinuous and polynuclear. Defined by Town Guideline Plan as Urban Zone outside the headquarters of the Town (Z10), polynuclear areas results from the articulation of certain persons who appropriate the spaces in order to enjoy the rent of land, thereby reproducing the capitalist relations based the super-exploitation of man and environment, not worrying about the impacts resulting from these uses. Among the most active agents of this process are the Property Developers and the State. In the case of the municipality of São Pedro there is another important agent linked to social behavior: tourism. Thus, for the feasibility study were carried out research of the historical and socio-spatial features of this urban agglomeration and literature review on the subject. Moreover, the research also made use of data obtained in field studies, examination of existing urban laws in the three levels of government documents and other means. Finally the effectiveness of analysis and systematization of the data, using the concept of Spatial Deconstruction, allowed a spatial reading of urban expansion in different perspectives, highlighting the impacts to the natural or anthropic old. Such reading of the space intended to contribute for the implementation of policies related to the municipal planning and management, as well as enabling the ordering of the territory in its uniqueness to reverse the impacts generated by the process of Spatial Deconstruction for the reestablishment of the Renaturation.
Avaliação da produção de complexo celulásico por diferentes isolados bacterianos utilizando bagaço de cana como substrato indutor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-29)
Verniz, Luiz Alfredo de Souza
;
Souza, Clovis Wesley Oliveira de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0781683628437007
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2414926542921975
The searching for new fuel sources has motivated new studies which aim to produce the second-generation of ethanol, also called 2G . However, the costs to produce that fuel are still high because the sugarcane bagasse is not considered a residue any more, but a subproduct that can generate income to the industries that produce it, being a vapor energy form to the company or an electricity source to sell. The use of the sugar cane bagasse to produce 2G ethanol requires a significant amount of lignocellulolitic enzymes. The main aim of this study is to reduce the cost of the production of these enzymes by means of studying isolated lignocellulolitic bacterium from Stenochironomus larva. The goal is to evaluate its productivity in several submersed fermentation processes and surface fermentations. Submersed fermentations were conducted using sugar cane bagasse and soy meal as substrates and different concentrations were applied in culture media. A total of 11 isolated enzymes were evaluated initially, and re-selected at each new stage of the process. The enzyme cultures were conducted by the reduction sugars quantification and the results enabled us to demonstrate that the bacteria Sphingobium and Pseudomonas were the most productive when compared to the others. Our results have highlighted that those bacteria were strongly influenced by the addition of different organic nitrogen sources in the fermentation culture. From the introduction of those components, the enzyme activity became higher and this fact was corroborated by the index of 4.36 U/mg protein for Xilanase, 0.12 U/mg protein for FPase and 2.31 U/mg protein for CMCase.
Contribuição ao conhecimento dos Metopiinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) do Brasil, com ênfase em ambientes de mata e cerrado da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Mogi-Guaçu
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-29)
Araújo, Carolina Rodrigues de
;
Dias, Angélica Maria Penteado Martins
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8637344058859147
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7783988829286117
ABSTRACT This study aimed to contribute to the knowledge of the Brazilian fauna of Metopiinae through the characterization and quantification of their genus and species in areas of semideciduous forest and savanna in Mogi-Guaçu River Basin, located in Minas Gerais and São Paulo. Malaise traps were installed in 10 sampling points located in six localities along the entire basin, during August 2009 to September 2010. It was collected 195 specimens of Metopiinae, distributed in 41 taxa (34 species- with seven new species-, and seven "close species") among then we found 15 new records for the Brazilian fauna (14 species and one genus). The species Exochus izbus Gauld & Sithole, 2002 and Exochus sp. n. 1 were more abundant and had better distribution, being found in five and six fragments, respectively. The sampling points relating to the localities of Andradas-MG and Luiz Antônio-SP had higher abundance and greater species richness of Metopiinae. The sampling points relating to Bom Repouso-MG (sampling point II: Boa Vereda de Cima) and Jacutinga-MG (Morro da Forquilha) had considerable richness of species and highest values of diversity and evenness. The sampling points of Luiz Antônio-SP, analyzed separately due to sampling differences, also had high diversity index and evenness, and the area of riparian forest had the highest richness and abundance of Metopiinae. The fragments with more faunistic similarity were sampling point I (Serra dos Garcias) and III (Damásio district), both in Bom Repouso-MG, with 70% of similarity. It was found that Metopiinae are more abundantly collected in the rainy season, confirming the relationship between abundance and seasonality. Descriptions of new species, the characterization of other species and more information about geographical distribution of Metopiinae were other important contributions of this work.
Desenvolvimentos mecânicos e computacionais de suporte às medidas com sensores termoelásticos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-30)
Reis, Alan Ribeiro dos
;
Pessoa, José Dalton Cruz
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4212703554284544
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5771511854912563
The hydrostatic pressure inside the cell or simply cell turgor is an important component of texture in vegetables and is directly related to firmness. The decrease in cell turgor of plant organs is also an indicator of loss of tissue water. This effect can be perceived visually by wilting accompanied by a dry appearance with the loss of brightness and color of products, which influences consumer perceptions about its quality. Within this context has been crafted technique for measuring turgor with Thermoelastic Probe® (TP) based on the principle of measuring isovolumetric. After an extensive literature review found that the published studies on TP, presented further on control theory and modeling of physical phenomena involved in the measurement of turgor. However not bring practical results, containing automated measurements of cell turgor in plants. This study aimed to fill this gap. In this direction was made improving of the method to manufacturing the sensor and a new mechanical design for TP. The attainment of the sensors is given through the steps of stretching the capillary, making the tip, sanding, filling and sealing fluid sensor. The method for obtaining the proposed sensor showed minimal utilization rate of 27.0% representing an improvement of 540% over the figures provided by the available literature. Since the new mechanical design of TP significantly improved the alignment and relative positioning of the sensor, sample and image capture system. The process of exchange of sensor and positioning of the sample for measurement of turgor was also facilitated, resulting in an average time of 5 minutes to perform these tasks. This marked a breakthrough since the previous version, users reported that this task could take up to 60 minutes. Both activities related to the new mechanical design of the ST and the improvement of the methodology for obtaining sensor thermoelastic were preparatory to the development of automatic control of turgor measurement. The automation of the measurement process was performed after the implementation of a software to detect the position of the meniscus oil / cytoplasm based on the determination of the difference in contrast between the phases formed by the fluid sensor (oil ) and intracellular fluid. For automatic control of the position of the meniscus, was implemented a Proportional Integral type controller. The proposed values for the parameters of controller allowed the control of the selected position of the meniscus and automatic - x - determination of turgor pressure in cells of onion (Allium cepa L.). In an unprecedented manner, this paper makes the first successful experiment in automatic determination of cell turgor in plant organs with Termoelastic Probe.
Moodle e GeoGebra como apoio virtual ao ensino de trigonometria segundo a nova proposta curricular do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-08-30)
Aguiar, Anderson Luiz de
;
Caetano, Paulo Antônio Silvani
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0370219014539994
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1808009755717486
This work is the development, implementation and evaluation of a Virtual Learning Environment to support teaching trigonometry Curriculum Proposal according to the State of São Paulo, with strong use of dynamic geometry viewers. That proposal, implemented since 2008 with the name São Paulo Faz Escola, brings a series of actions to improve of education in face of national assessments of São Paulo, and the international quality indicators established by the Ministry of Education. The teaching material from these actions required a recycling of the practice, focusing on learning skills and abilities. Within this overall picture we develop teaching sequences with the use of ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) to show the student as the protagonist of the construction of knowledge. The implementation of the environment occurred in the first grade of Public Hight School, Newton Prado, during the 4th school grade of 2010 and had part of its five weekly classes held in the computer lab. We believe that these results will undoubtedly contribute to the improvement and development of basic education, especially math.