Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2011-10-14"

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Análise das interações professor-aluno com Paralisia Cerebral no contexto da sala de aula regular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-14)
Lima, Vivian Caroline de
;
Toyoda, Cristina Yoshie
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5872141115382552
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8982823736195854
The current literature in the area of Special Education that deals with the process of inclusion of a person with special needs in social spheres has been shown that such a process is still rooted only in the theories and laws that proclaim it, that is, the theories and daily actions are strongly disconnected. Nevertheless, the school is still considered a privileged social environment where the cultural and social identities and the complete formation of the citizen are built up through actions and the interaction between the subjects. Considering the importance of the relationship between the teacher and the student in the process of building up an education that aims for the complete development of the students, the aim of this study was to analyze how the interactions between the teacher and the student with Cerebral Palsy that occurred in both the teaching and learning process have been constituted in the context of the mainstream classroom, regarding the obstacles when it comes to pedagogical inclusive practices directed to this student. The participants in this research were two teachers of two mainstream elementary schools of a city located at the central region of São Paulo State and two female students with Cerebral Palsy who are regularly enrolled. The methodology was guided through weekly observation which lasted four months, based on a structured schedule, registration of collected information through filming and writing of a diary, and analysis of collected data. The results showed differences in relation to the number of interactive episodes that occurred in each school, as well as to the content and the situation in which they occurred, and to the kind of action taken by the participants. In conclusion, the research showed that the interaction teacher-student may contribute in the positive way to the learning of students with Cerebral Palsy from the viewpoint of the inclusive education, besides the problems pointed in the context of both schools.
Propriedades óticas e de transporte em heteroestruturas semicondutoras contendo GaMnAs
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-14)
Rodrigues, Daniel Henrique
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Gobato, Yara Galvão
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7558531056409406
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4205849115687383
In this work, we have investigated Ga1-xMnxAs/GaAs/AlAs quantum wells (QWs) with low Mn concentration (x < 0.1%) grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy at substrate temperatures of 400 and 450°C. We have investigated the time-resolved and polarized resolved photoluminescence as a function of laser power excitation, temperature and magnetic field for samples of 4nm and 6nm QW width. The emission spectra of the 4nm QW show two emission bands. The lower band energy presented a distinct behavior with a relatively long decay-time that may be associated to a spatial- and momentum-indirect recombination involving an electron from the AlAs layer and a hole at the GaMnAs QW. The higher energy band was associated to the direct transition in the GaMnAs QW. On the other hand, a wider, is also observed at high Mn concentration for the both QW widths. This band is due to donor-bound exciton emission from shallow donors, Mn interstitial, in the QWs. Our results show that circular polarization degree is very sensitive to the Mn concentration and QW width. In addition, we have also investigated the transport and optical properties of p-i-n AlAs/GaAs/AlAs double barrier resonant tunneling diodes (RTD) with a Ga0,95Mn0,05As top-layer contact and an InGaAs QW in the n-doped GaAs contact side. A reference sample with similar design, except that the magnetic layer was replaced by a C-doped GaAs was also investigated. The spin polarization in this samples was investigated by measuring the I(V) characteristic curves and circular-polarized electroluminescence (EL) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra as a function of the applied voltage and a magnetic field parallel to the tunneling current. We have observed clear evidence of hole resonances in the I(V) characteristic curves for both samples at 2K. The EL and PL intensities from both the GaAs and InGaAs QWs show a clear correlation with the resonances in the I(V) characteristics curves for both samples. The circular polarization degree from the GaAs and the InGaAs QWs attain large values and are more sensitive to the bias voltage in the Mn-doped sample. We have observed a polarization degree up to ~-80% for the GaAs QW emission from the magnetic RTD under 15T and 2K. Under light excitation, holes are photocreated in the non-magnetic side and injected along the structure, which strongly affects the degree of circular polarization of the carriers.
A leitura e a formação inicial de professores de espanhol
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-14)
Faquinelli, Jane
;
Paula, Sandra Regina Buttros Gattolin de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9228036521343293
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4553628351570420
El objetivo de este estudio es conocer y comprender las concepciones de lectura presentes en los documentos oficiales que regulan y organizan la enseñanza secundaria y los cursos superiores de la carrera de profesorado en letras en Brasil (particularmente, el profesorado en lengua española), además de buscar qué relaciones existen entre las concepciones de lectura en estos documentos y las concepciones de lectura de los docentes formadores de profesores y de los estudiantes de profesorado. Para alcanzar tales objetivos, hemos analizado los documentos: (colocarlos en portugués, pues no hay traducción de ellos al español). Las concepciones de lectura de los participantes de la investigación se recogieron a través de cuestionarios respondidos por dos públicos: docentes del curso de profesorado en letras- español y estudiantes de último año del curso de profesorado en letras-español. Los datos demuestran que hay diferentes concepciones de lectura entre los documentos y los participantes de la investigación. Se nota que, a pesar de que los documentos presenten nuevas teorías sobre lectura, la implementación de ellas es bastante difícil una vez que en la propia formación docente no hay la práctica de tales teorías.
Os sentidos de língua portuguesa no vestibular da FUVEST
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-15)
Santos Júnior, Gilberto Egydio dos
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Silva, Soeli Maria Schreiber da
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8794598988783452
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2312128630465009
The present work entitled "The meaning of the Portuguese language in the college entrance exam FUVEST" intends to analyse the designation of the Portuguese language by means of a semantical study. FUVEST was created in 1976/77 under a linguistic paradigm, adopting a linguistic variation approach in opposition to the traditional grammar test. Based on the test statements as a corpus, it will be discussed how meanings are created between standard language and its variations. Thus it will be possible to notice how the Portuguese language has been having its meaning established in Brazil´s main college entrance exam.
A implantação da APA de Itupararanga e seus reflexos nas políticas públicas e na conservação dos recursos naturais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-17)
Bernardi, Iara
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Pires, José Salatiel Rodrigues
;
Santos, André Cordeiro Alves dos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2131880667704281
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5383772369589377
The APA of Itupararanga has been created in 1998 and brougt together the following municipailities areas´s: Alumínio, Cotia, Votorantim, Vargem Grande Paulista, Mairinque, São Roque, Piedade e Ibiúna. It is a very important conservation unit in the regional context, because it was created to conserve the main source of fresh water of almost 1 million people, Itupararanga Reservoir. The following research aims to measure the APA´s effectiveness and their effects in the local public s policies. For this were evaluated the municipal master plans and its intersections with the APA´s management plan, the plan´s process of elaboration and the conflicts with the zonig of the conservation unit. Moreover, the search intended to evaluate the impacts of APA´s deployment in the region using some indicators as: population growth, sewage treatment, water quality, use and land cover, environmental crimes and the hidrology of the reservoir. The municipal master plan´s elaboration showed little popular participation and interrelationship with the APA, that resulted in 12 conflicts of use and land cover between the APA´s zoning and that proposed in the master plans that covers 20% of APA´s area. The environmental indicators allow us to conclude that the APA did not exert positive influence on environmental quality in the region. The historical analysis of the APA situation allowed us to elaborate proposals for revision of master plans and mechanisms for environmental management in the region to achieve the maintenance of environmental quality and sustainable development development.
O ambiente como contexto para o ensino das transformações químicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-17)
Silva, Eliana Eduardo da
;
Marques, Clélia Mara de Paula
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0451284088402660
Through the difficulties that were found in the educational process of Chemistry, nowadays, and in a situation which school contents are not related with students life, this study investigated the contributions of problematic situations in the study of chemical transformations based on the CTS proposal. To achieve the propose of this study, some social- scientific questions related to the hydrosphere as a theme for the contextualization of teaching the chemical transformations, based on CTS approach, were presented to the students. A lot of didactic methodologies and proposals were studied in the attempt of looking for an improvement in the process of learning the chemical contexts, through a qualitative search. The students from the second year of high school from ETEC Prof. Alcidio de Souza Prado, attended dialogued classes based on the discussion of some articles from the magazine Quimica Nova na Escola . They joined into two experimental activities (the treatment of water and the production of homemade soap). Those activities went to a presentation of some problematic situations, through a newspaper Jornal do Meio Ambiente (Environment newspaper). The analysis showed that the interaction between students with the subjects studied through the methodologies applied resulted on a better students participation, so the environmental contextualization made easier the understanding of the contents. It was possible to observe that the possibility of students literacy through the development of the conceptual, procedural and attitudinal abilities, gave to the students the opportunity to find out that Science as a human activity.
Influência de diferentes protocolos de exercício e da dieta hiperlipídica sobre o tecido adiposo, perfil lipídico e receptor CB1 do sistema endocanabinóide
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-20)
Rosante, Marisa Cristina
;
Duarte, Ana Cláudia Garcia de Oliveira
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1996950253264696
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2758282284098452
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of high-fat diet and swimming and resistance training in the adipose tissue, endocannabinoid system and lipid profile in obese rats. Wistar adult male rats were divided into 6 groups (n = 10 per group): sedentary chow diet (SP); sedentary high-fat diet (SH); swimming chow diet (NP); swimming high-fat diet (NH); resistance training chow diet (FP); resistance training high-fat diet (FH). After three weeks feeding on a chow diet or high-fat diet, the animals started the exercise protocols. The NP and NH groups swam 60 minutes/day, five days a week, with a constant overload of 5% body weight during 8 weeks in tanks of 50 cm of height and 30 cm of diameter, for 8 weeks. The groups FP and FH started the resistance training with weights tied to their tails, once every three days for 8 weeks. The animals of SP and HS groups remained sedentary and fed their respective diets. After this period all animals were sacrificed by decapitation and tissues dissected, weighed and immediately stored at -80 º C. High-fat diet increased body weight gain, relative weight of adipose tissues (epididymal, retroperitoneal, visceral and subcutaneous) and adipose tissue area (epididymal, retroperitoneal and visceral). It also increased the fat percentage of all adipose tissues and liver, and increased gene expression of CB1 receptor. The trained groups, both resistance training and swimming, presented lower values of adipocyte area, benefits in lipid profile, lower percentage of fat in the adipose tissue and liver, lower body weight gain, and lower values for gene expression the CB1 receptor. Thus our results indicate the potential benefits of the resistance training and swimming as non pharmacological alternatives to control the deleterious effects of high-fat diet on adipose tissue, lipid profile, lipid content of tissues and control of the endocannabinoid system imbalance caused by high-fat diet.
O uso do bambu: o papel da cadeia produtiva no setor moveleiro e da construção civil no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-20)
Tedeschi, Samara Pereira
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Hoffmann, Wanda Aparecida Machado
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7609135667093837
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9369668064115028
The bamboo is a material widely used in Asia and its applications are from the simple fences to the Demoiselle structure, from Santos Dumont. In Brazil the bamboo uses still are small when it is compared to asian countries like China, that builds bridges to the bamboo floor. The bamboo productive chain can support the interrelation between the actors, making easier the information change and reinforcing the market, making it dynamic and competitive. The main goal of this research is the bamboo productive chain collect, identification and mapping in Brazil returned to the furniture industry, the construction and the potentiality relationship to the sustainable development. In this research will be collected and identified the environment where the productive chain actors are inserted through the patent search, institutes and universities, available credit and financing lines, environmental certification, laws and standards that regulate the sector, besides the questionnaires to the farmers, bamboo processors companies and those that produces consumer goods, besides the Non- Governmental Organizations. To the patent search were used the patent databases Derwent Innovations Index, Espacenet, United States Patent and Trademark Office and the Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Intelectual, through the use of search expressions and arrange with International Patent Classification. The universities and Institutes that research about bamboo were identified through the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico website. The credit and financing lines collect were made through the Ministério do Meio Ambiente in the Serviço Florestal Brasileiro by the Guia de Financiamento Florestal 2010 and also by the website from the Sociedade Brasileira de Silvicultura; while the certification survey was made also through the websites from the Sociedade Brasileira de Silvicultura and Instituto Nacional de Metrologia. The laws and standards that regulate the sector were identified through the website from the Ministério do Trabalho e do Emprego, Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas and bibliographic references. The perceptions about the bamboo productive chain actors were analyzed after the questionnaires. The searches held in the patent databases showed the chineses are those that more deposit patents, and it directly related to the tradition of the material use. Behind are the japoneses, north-americans anda Canadians, and there is a small contribution of brazilian patents. The research about the material has been done by 13 universities and 4 institutes. However the credit and financing lines are 7, but are used widely to the eucalyptus and pinus forests. The certification in Brazil can be obtained through by the certification agencies that represent the Forest Steward Council, CERFLOR and OCIA Organic. The bamboo can be used in the Furniture Sector and in the Construction as a structural material, because besides of its strong sustainable appeal there is the question of his so low cost. A lot of companies uses the bamboo as a handicraft, but it are marketed as a product with a higher added value through its processing, that still is recent in the country. On the research field in Brazil there is still much to be done, when compared to world leaders in bamboo production, because the material is the subject of research for nearly two decades in Brazil and has grown significantly after the year 2000. The future perspective is to assure that a wider dissemination of the material, breaking paradigms and prejudices that exist in Brazilian society.
Investigação do mecanismo de formação de filmes porosos de TiO2 obtidos por anodização galvanostática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-20)
Sikora, Marina de Souza
;
Souza, Ernesto Chaves Pereira de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1505400360366643
In this work the experimental and theoretical aspects of the growth of titanium dioxide obtained by galvanostatic anodization were studied. The _lms were prepared by galvanostatic anodization of titanium, where the curve of voltage versus charge was investigated. In the initial growth there is an abrupt increase of the voltage, followed by a change in slope of the curve. In this region the voltage reaches a steady state characterized by oscillations around a mean value that are often associated with the phenomenon of _lm's breakdown, microdischarges (sparks) are also observed on the electrode surface. The experimental study began with the "system scanning" in which we used the factorial design in order to associate the experimental variables with the responses (electrochemical, morphological and microstructural). After this _rst study, we investigated the in_uence of applied charge on the system, keeping constant the other experimental conditions. In this investigation, we analyzed the in_uence of charge on the microstructure, morphology and also in the photoactivity of the _lms. The results revealed that the photoactivity in in- _uenced by both the microstructure and morphology. However, the microstructure seems more important for _lms obtained after the breakdown region, where the morphology remains constant. One possible explanation for these results is that the region of grain boundary acts as a recombination center of e��=h+ pairs. In addition to these studies, the TiO2 doping was carried out with niobium. The physicochemical properties of the doped _lms were compared with pure _lms and it was observed that doping promotes an increase in the rate of crystallization of the _lms even when small amounts of dopants are introduced into the oxide. An applied study was conducted in order to apply the titanium anodization as a water heater system. The results of this investigation have shown that the titanium anodization provides greater e_ciency and heating rate when it is compared with comercial resistances. Finally, based on experimental results, we developed a model xxii for the growth of titanium oxide _lms prepared electrochemically. This semi-empirical model was developed from the "current burst model". The _rst stage consisted in the numerical simulation of the dissipation of the heat generated by a spark event in three ways (electrolyte, metal and oxide) using the _nite elements method. The simulation result have shown that the thermal dissipation extends over an area of up to 400 nm and the spark is able to fuse locally all the solid phases. Thus, the description of the oscillating system was made through its three main elements: the local oscillation mechanism (breakdown), desynchronization mechanism (dissolution) and lateral synchronization or interaction (promoted by the _ow of material).
Biossegurança no controle da infecção hospitalar: desenvolvimento de imunossensor impedimétrico para detecção de Staphylococcus aureus em áreas críticas hospitalares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-21)
Fialho, Ana Cristina Vasconcelos
;
Moreira, Fernando Manuel Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1809254923092721
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7723210418338814
The Biosafety is a very important tool for the Control of Hospital Infection establishing through methods, techniques and standards, measures to be adopted in order to prevent and control risks that may contribute to hospital infection. This work reports the development of an impedimetric immunosensor for detection of pathogenic bacteria, specifically Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), in hospital critical areas (Surgical Centers and Intensive Care Units) to contribute to the hospital infection control. Different parameters were studied: direct immobilization of protein A of S. aureus on the surface of the transducer or the working electrode (screen-printed electrode - SPE), immobilization of protein A on SPEs modified with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of cystamine (CYS) and glutaraldehyde (GA); different incubation times and dilutions were used for both modifiers as for protein A and anti- S. aureus antibodies; blocking with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and immunoassay (antigen-antibody reaction, Ag-Ab). Electrochemical techniques (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy - EIS and cyclic voltammetry - CV) and non electrochemical (microscopy) were used for the characterization and construction of the immunosensor. The impedance measurements and cyclic voltammetry showed the good results with self-assembled monolayer of cystamine 2 x 10-2 mol L-1 and glutaraldehyde 2,5% with incubation periods of 2 and 1h, respectively; immobilization of protein A 1:20 (tincub = 12 h) and anti-S. aureus monoclonal Ab (tincub = 3 h) and step blocking with 0.5% BSA (tincub = 1 h). For the Ag-Ab interaction S. aureus ATCC - 6535 strains (analyte) were used and incubation for 30 min. The immunosensor developed has proven to be an effective method for monitoring of S. aureus in a hospital environment and that can be applied as an indicative tool of the effectiveness of the standards and procedures applied to the control of hospital infection.
Pion: a construção de um portal para os professores de Física
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-21)
Escanhoela, Felipe Moron
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Studart Filho, Nelson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0451310772113076
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9394251299715826
Pion, the web portal of the Brazilian Physical Society (SBF) for physics teaching and dissemination, provides to the public at large a collection of learning objects such as videos, photos, illustrations, didactic simulations, texts and other resources related to physics and its teaching. This work is an account of the web portal development and the achievement of an evaluation research on its usability and use by the public. An online form with multiplechoice questions and one open question were sent by e-mail to all registered users of the portal. The closed responses were evaluated in line with a Likert scale model and the views expressed in the open question were classified according to afterwards created categories. The research led to the conclusion that Pion is well structured concerning its usability and fulfills the role of assisting the teacher in their search for relevant information to teaching practice, although it still needs for improvement in aspects related to interaction with the public and the interactivity in general.
C2C: um chat bilíngue com apoio de senso comum
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-21)
Sugiyama, Bruno Akio
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Silva, Junia Coutinho Anacleto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6200743168568684
In this research, we describe how common sense knowledge with machine translation can help the communication among people with different cultural background. In order to evaluate this possibility, we developed a bilingual chat called Culture-to-Chat or C2C that provides a communication channel and has resources that help its user to create messages in a second language. In the computer-mediated communication field, it is possible to notice that people are crossing geographic borders and having opportunities to share experiences among different cultures. Sharing information in a non native language can be difficult to some users. Some computational tools that support communication uses machine translation to aid users that need to work with different language. C2C also uses this approach and adopts a semantic network of cultural knowledge, collaboratively built on the Web through the Open Mind Common Sense in Brazil project (OMCS-Br) to work with cultural expression, in other words, terms whose meaning depends on user‟s culture. Following a user-centered design approach that focuses on prototyping, we present the development of C2C passing by low, middle and high fidelity prototypes. In order to observe how this computational tool is used and collect the opinion of target users, we perform a pilot study involving Brazilian and Canadian users. This study showed some enhancements for the tool and pointed evidences that this chat contributes to the communication between people with different cultural backgrounds.
Identificação dos componentes do óleo essencial de laranja (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) e proposição de procedimentos industriais para a obtenção de produtos diferenciados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-21)
Tita, Marcelo Luiz
;
Vieira, Paulo Cezar
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8923844563320377
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4471520818380368
Brazilian exports of orange essential oil are responsible for moving approximately seventy-four million dollars, representing a significant portion of Brazilian business, and deserve the attention from the companies involved in this business. There was interest by the company (Cutrale) to conduct this research, due to the low number of papers found in the literature to promote the study with orange essential oil distillation facility at the industrial level. Thus, this work was aimed to study the essential oil of orange in its composition, and establish by vacuum distillation an industrial scale, of a system for preparing a product with sensory profile that was not available in the market. For that, we used statistical tools to deal with the results of chromatographic analysis of GC/MS, and sensory analysis to characterize the products obtained. The distillation was carried out in a distillery plant with about 1730kg of orange essential oil. It was the necessary the proper adjustment of the equipment and then the product was distilled, and several fractions were collected. The procedure was performed in two different set-ups. The first one involved low heating and low distilling flow, and the second higher heating and distilling flow. The originated fractions from both procedures were analyzed by GC/MS and their profile, were compared using PCA. Three samples were chosen for the sensory tests after the analysis by PCA. The tests revealed some sensory acceptability, either positive or negative of fractions of the juice when compared with the positive control (standard juice). This suggests that the testers do not have the taste for this type of product. Compared with a collection of samples of customers from abroad, received/analyzed by the company, these fractions are very similar, implying that there is possible that the samples we obtained may be of interest for international market.
Diagnostico da utilização de sistemas de informações geográficas na gestão de redes de água e esgoto por órgãos municipais nas mesorregiões de Araçatuba/Bauru (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-22)
Montanha Junior, Enaldo Pires
;
Röhm, Sergio Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7332654261230826
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5554259094692696
The governing manegement bodies of sanation in Brazil are looking for development, mostly about infrastructure tecnology. Controling and manegement of water supply and sewage, witch are part of governing sanitation , usualy are tasks of the same body in the city, and the optimization of these services have been much discussed latly, since the informations number is big enought and its right use is excential for taking effective decisions, and consequently, saving time and money. The GIS Geographic Information System - tecnology has been used in several segments since some a time.And about sanitation is the same because mostly of the contries goverment bodies have showed already convincing results that the investments in that tecnology brings advantages with integration of the data in a smart way and easy handling but the GIS Geographic Information System - uses is not common in small cities. The target of this work is to find out, using defined parameters with field researching, the GIS Geographic Information System - uses at the manegement bodies from Araçatuba/Bauru-SP, about its utilization advantages and if there were difficulties and wich, the principal reasons of its not use and tendencies for the future.
Fatores que influenciam na opção do modo de transporte de crianças para a escola - estudo de caso São Carlos/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-22)
Rosa, Fernanda Duarte
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Sanches, Suely da Penha
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3857424839674606
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0435082658179293
In the late years, the number of children who go to school by active modes of transport has decreased significantly. This fact causes several problems both in the area of urban transport (creating traffic congestions and accidents in the school neighborhood during the periods of starting and finishing classes) and in the area of public health (increasing the indices of child obesity). In this context, the objective of this research is to identify which factors influence the mode choice of elementary school children to access the schools. The focus of the research are the public elementary schools, because the geographic area that these schools traditionally serve (neighborhoods) permits that the trips be made by non motorized modes, for a great fraction of the students. The case study was developed in the city of São Carlos, SP with students that attend Municipal Elementary Schools. The survey was carried with the students´ parents by means of questionnaires about the children s personal characteristics, as well as their perception of the route from the residence to the school. The data showed that several factors influence the mode choice for the children trip to school, like the perception of safety and security in the neighborhood, the automobile availability in the residence, the parents habits and culture in relation to the motorized modes of transport and the distance for the residence to the school (the factor that proved to have the strongest impact in the parents decision). The discrete choice models were chosen for the estimation of the modal choice because they are largely used in transportation studies. Among the models that were tested, the multinomial logit was the most adequate. The calibrated model showed satisfactory and significant results, demonstrating that the chosen approach is adequate to the analysis of the mode choice for the trips of children to school.
Produção de recobrimentos metálicos a partir de ligas de ferro amorfizáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-23)
Silva, Ana Martha Branquinho e
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Botta Filho, Walter José
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8956458007749112
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3257641230615328
The aim of this work was to study the production of metal coatings from amorphous alloy Fe-25Cr-7Ni-4,5B (wt.%), with special focus on mechanical and microstructure properties. Initially, preliminary studies were made through the production of ribbons and bulks of metallic alloys Fe-25Cr-7Ni-XB (X = 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 wt.%) for the evaluation of amorphous phase formation. The alloy showed the best results was used in the production of the following samples by spray forming process: deposits used to assess the main process parameters involved; coatings manufactured using pre-layer of nickel alloys, whose aim was to allow the adhesion of particles on the substrate; and powders, that were sieved and separated into specific grain sizes. These powders, together with the same alloy powders produced by grinding through the process of highenergy milling, were sent to the Ogramac company for the manufacture of coatings via thermal spraying process HVOF (high velocity oxygen fuel). The characterization of all samples was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The mechanical properties were evaluated by hardness and wear tests. Although the preliminary results of the samples have shown good prospects regarding the formation of amorphous phases, these phases were not identified in deposits, coatings and powders with particle size less than 45 μm produced by spray forming. However, these coatings exhibited efficient adhesion to the substrate, which is a highly advantageous in the production equipment DEMAUFSCar. The coatings produced by thermal spraying processes have shown interesting results concerning the microstructure obtained in addition to higher values of hardness and wear properties when compared to conventional materials.
Avaliação dos fatores de risco biomecânicos presentes na atividade ocupacional de eletricistas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-24)
Castro, Cristiane Shinohara Moriguchi de
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Coury, Helenice Jane Cote Gil
Electrical energy is an essential good that may affect people s life and the economy. Overhead line workers and construction electricians are the workers responsible for the availability of this good. To perform their occupational tasks these workers are exposed to fatal accidents and musculoskeletal overload. Although of high rates of accidents and musculoskeletal injuries among these workers, few studies evaluated the presence of risk factors in the occupational settings of line workers and electricians. In this sense, it is necessary to identify the risk factors in the electricians activities (Study 1), quantify the exposure using valid direct methods (Study 2, 3 and 5) and verify the importance of the found results for clinical applications (Study 4 and 5). Study 1 was developed to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among line workers and to identify the risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders. The results of this study showed postural overload and high prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms at shoulders and neck. Based on these results, Study 2 was purposed to quantify the postural overload in the five main tasks performed by line workers. Loading and unloading the ladder on the vehicle support was deeply investigated by means of posture and force measurements in Study 3, due its higher frequency in line workers schedule. Postures and movements were recorded by four inclinometer sensors at a sampling rate of 20Hz. Inclinometer sensors were previously calibrated and them attached at workers head, upper back and right and left upper arms. Study 2 and 3 identified that line workers are exposed to shoulder and neck awkward postures during all evaluated tasks. However, both studies were performed in simulated settings. By this way, Study 4 was developed to verify if the postures recorded in the simulated conditions are representative of the posture recorded in occupational environment. The results of Study 4 showed that whether the tasks are possible to be reproduced in simulated conditions the postural overload is representative of occupational overload. Besides the representativeness, Study 5 focused the comparison between posture exposure among Brazilian and Norwegian electricians to verify whether the same job type evaluated by the same method under the same procedures would present the same overload disregard the culture differences. The results of this study would allow inferring about external validity of the recordings. According to the found results, Brazilian and Norwegian posture exposure is similar. The results of Study 5 also indicated the high postural overload that these workers are submitted. Therefore, the present thesis showed the need for ergonomic interventions to reduce biomechanical risk factors presented at electricians work activity and the representativeness of the found results to occupational environmental conditions and to other populations.
Tendência de formação de fase amorfa em ligas a base de magnésio para biomaterial temporário
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-24)
Danez, Gabriela Pancev
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Botta Filho, Walter José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8956458007749112
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8137234680727325
Mg alloys have attracted attention as potential implant material because of their good mechanical properties, biocompatibility and biodegradation properties. However corrosion of these alloys causes intense release of hydrogen gas which is not desirable for biomedical applications. Zberg et. al. reported a significant reduction in hydrogen evolution in Mg-Zn-Ca glassy alloys due the increase of Zn without the formation of undesirable intermetallic phases. These glassy alloys showed great potential for deployment in a new generation of biodegradable implants. In this context the evaluation of the glass forming ability (GFA) of Mg-Zn-Ca alloys, in the Mg-rich composition corner is relevant. In the present work we studied Mg-rich compositions in the Mg-Zn-Ca system based on the topological instability criterion (min) combined with the average electronegativity difference (e) among the elements in the alloy. Bulk samples were produced by rapid cooling in a copper mold and ribbons were produced by melt-spinning technique. The microstructure, amorphous nature, thermal properties and chemical composition of samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Best results were observed in alloys with Ca content limited to 6 at%. Furthermore, the samples ewre subjected to oxidation and high change in composition.
Empoderando pais para a luta pelos direitos de seus filhos com deficiência: pesquisa-ação emancipatória
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-25)
Araújo, Rosângela Martins de
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Mendes, Enicéia Gonçalves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4694607287235371
Currently the perspective focused only on the individual and his or her disability has been replaced by researches on family-centered approaches and integrated with partnership and collaboration support process. This trend encouraged the creation of new parenting programs emphasizing family as a unit, including programs designed to empower parents of individuals with disabilities. Empower parents meant moving away from the notion of parents being compliant and passive recipients that allows them the opportunity to discuss and deal with their problems and possible solutions, and moreover professionals can also give confidence and enable parents to be actively engaged in the process of social transformation. Which strategies should be used to achieve this goal? To describe this issue, the purpose of the present paper was to develop and evaluate an intervention program endeavoring to develop the skills of parents of children with disabilities with regard to the human rights awareness to apply and defend them. We adopted the method of action research due to its capability to employ a collective and emancipator character, and interacting with the perspective of empowerment for the development in citizenship in accordance with the aim of this study. It was attended by 26 family members of people with severe and / or multiple disabilities. Measures to estimate the degree of parent empowerment, before and after the intervention, were collected using a scale. The intervention was performed in 11 meetings, taking into account that all meetings were video recorded and recorded in field diaries. Results indicated that intervention was appropriate to empower the participating parents regarding their rights; whereas they showed statistically significant results between pre- and post-intervention for 23 out of 26 parents within total score and / or in system advocacy, knowledge, and competence subscales. The qualitative data corroborated the quantitative findings and demonstrated that the impact of intervention seems to be beyond empowerment as well as served to build up social network of mutual support for family members. The measure of social validity of intervention indicated the average of 92% in parents approval, enhancing the quality indicators in the process of group intervention for family members. The study has shown that it is possible and beneficial to empower parents, and likewise it discusses the importance of researches to evaluate the impact of the intervention on parents of children with severe and multiple disabilities.
Atributos químicos e microbiológicos de solo cultivado com cana-de-açúcar sob manejo convencional e orgânico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-25)
Zorel, Daiane
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Ceccato-Antonini, Sandra Regina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7600793543184032
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3192211661022190
The identification of soil quality indicators that demonstrate the alterations occurred in areas under organic management is important to determine the sustainability of this kind of cultivation. The soil microbial biomass and activity have been considered as important indicators of soil quality, especially when different management systems are employed in agroecosystems. In this context, the aim of this work was to evaluate management systems (organic and conventional) of the sugar cane over the soil quality, analyzing the chemical attributes as organic matter, pH, potential acidity, aluminium, magnesium, calcium, potassium, cation-exchange capacity, (CEC), sum of bases (SB), and percent base saturation (%BS), as well as the microbiological attributes as number of fungi and bacteria, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal respiration (BR) and metabolic quotient (MQ). The soil analyses were taken in the period comprised between May/2009 and September/2010. Among the chemical parameters that most showed the alterations in soil caused by the management are pH, magnesium concentration, potential acidity, SB and %BS. Higher values obtained with these two last parameters in the organic systems with addition of compost and limestone (SOCA) or compost and corrective, especially, indicate soil fertility. There was no significant difference among the treatments concerning MBC probably because it is an area where only recently the experiments were established. An influence of the sampling period was observed, with high values in the higher rainfall period. Higher values of BR were detected in the organic systems, especially in May and August/2009, which was coincident with the higher rainfall period and temperature. Although no significant difference was verified, the higher values of MQ were verified in the conventional system. Concerning the number of fungi and bacteria, the microbial community seemed to respond better to the climate/rhizosphere than the treatments involving the different management systems. Among the parameters studied, the BR was the most effective parameter to detect changes that occur in the soil due to the management system, showing that the organic system altered the soil quality, which reflected in the microbial activity.