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Influência de diferentes protocolos de exercício e da dieta hiperlipídica sobre o tecido adiposo, perfil lipídico e receptor CB1 do sistema endocanabinóide
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-20) Rosante, Marisa Cristina; Duarte, Ana Cláudia Garcia de Oliveira; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1996950253264696; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2758282284098452
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of high-fat diet and swimming and resistance training in the adipose tissue, endocannabinoid system and lipid profile in obese rats. Wistar adult male rats were divided into 6 groups (n = 10 per group): sedentary chow diet (SP); sedentary high-fat diet (SH); swimming chow diet (NP); swimming high-fat diet (NH); resistance training chow diet (FP); resistance training high-fat diet (FH). After three weeks feeding on a chow diet or high-fat diet, the animals started the exercise protocols. The NP and NH groups swam 60 minutes/day, five days a week, with a constant overload of 5% body weight during 8 weeks in tanks of 50 cm of height and 30 cm of diameter, for 8 weeks. The groups FP and FH started the resistance training with weights tied to their tails, once every three days for 8 weeks. The animals of SP and HS groups remained sedentary and fed their respective diets. After this period all animals were sacrificed by decapitation and tissues dissected, weighed and immediately stored at -80 º C. High-fat diet increased body weight gain, relative weight of adipose tissues (epididymal, retroperitoneal, visceral and subcutaneous) and adipose tissue area (epididymal, retroperitoneal and visceral). It also increased the fat percentage of all adipose tissues and liver, and increased gene expression of CB1 receptor. The trained groups, both resistance training and swimming, presented lower values of adipocyte area, benefits in lipid profile, lower percentage of fat in the adipose tissue and liver, lower body weight gain, and lower values for gene expression the CB1 receptor. Thus our results indicate the potential benefits of the resistance training and swimming as non pharmacological alternatives to control the deleterious effects of high-fat diet on adipose tissue, lipid profile, lipid content of tissues and control of the endocannabinoid system imbalance caused by high-fat diet.
Investigação do mecanismo de formação de filmes porosos de TiO2 obtidos por anodização galvanostática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-20) Sikora, Marina de Souza; Souza, Ernesto Chaves Pereira de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1505400360366643
In this work the experimental and theoretical aspects of the growth of titanium dioxide obtained by galvanostatic anodization were studied. The _lms were prepared by galvanostatic anodization of titanium, where the curve of voltage versus charge was investigated. In the initial growth there is an abrupt increase of the voltage, followed by a change in slope of the curve. In this region the voltage reaches a steady state characterized by oscillations around a mean value that are often associated with the phenomenon of _lm's breakdown, microdischarges (sparks) are also observed on the electrode surface. The experimental study began with the "system scanning" in which we used the factorial design in order to associate the experimental variables with the responses (electrochemical, morphological and microstructural). After this _rst study, we investigated the in_uence of applied charge on the system, keeping constant the other experimental conditions. In this investigation, we analyzed the in_uence of charge on the microstructure, morphology and also in the photoactivity of the _lms. The results revealed that the photoactivity in in- _uenced by both the microstructure and morphology. However, the microstructure seems more important for _lms obtained after the breakdown region, where the morphology remains constant. One possible explanation for these results is that the region of grain boundary acts as a recombination center of e��=h+ pairs. In addition to these studies, the TiO2 doping was carried out with niobium. The physicochemical properties of the doped _lms were compared with pure _lms and it was observed that doping promotes an increase in the rate of crystallization of the _lms even when small amounts of dopants are introduced into the oxide. An applied study was conducted in order to apply the titanium anodization as a water heater system. The results of this investigation have shown that the titanium anodization provides greater e_ciency and heating rate when it is compared with comercial resistances. Finally, based on experimental results, we developed a model xxii for the growth of titanium oxide _lms prepared electrochemically. This semi-empirical model was developed from the "current burst model". The _rst stage consisted in the numerical simulation of the dissipation of the heat generated by a spark event in three ways (electrolyte, metal and oxide) using the _nite elements method. The simulation result have shown that the thermal dissipation extends over an area of up to 400 nm and the spark is able to fuse locally all the solid phases. Thus, the description of the oscillating system was made through its three main elements: the local oscillation mechanism (breakdown), desynchronization mechanism (dissolution) and lateral synchronization or interaction (promoted by the _ow of material).
O uso do bambu: o papel da cadeia produtiva no setor moveleiro e da construção civil no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-20) Tedeschi, Samara Pereira; Hoffmann, Wanda Aparecida Machado; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7609135667093837; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9369668064115028
The bamboo is a material widely used in Asia and its applications are from the simple fences to the Demoiselle structure, from Santos Dumont. In Brazil the bamboo uses still are small when it is compared to asian countries like China, that builds bridges to the bamboo floor. The bamboo productive chain can support the interrelation between the actors, making easier the information change and reinforcing the market, making it dynamic and competitive. The main goal of this research is the bamboo productive chain collect, identification and mapping in Brazil returned to the furniture industry, the construction and the potentiality relationship to the sustainable development. In this research will be collected and identified the environment where the productive chain actors are inserted through the patent search, institutes and universities, available credit and financing lines, environmental certification, laws and standards that regulate the sector, besides the questionnaires to the farmers, bamboo processors companies and those that produces consumer goods, besides the Non- Governmental Organizations. To the patent search were used the patent databases Derwent Innovations Index, Espacenet, United States Patent and Trademark Office and the Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Intelectual, through the use of search expressions and arrange with International Patent Classification. The universities and Institutes that research about bamboo were identified through the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico website. The credit and financing lines collect were made through the Ministério do Meio Ambiente in the Serviço Florestal Brasileiro by the Guia de Financiamento Florestal 2010 and also by the website from the Sociedade Brasileira de Silvicultura; while the certification survey was made also through the websites from the Sociedade Brasileira de Silvicultura and Instituto Nacional de Metrologia. The laws and standards that regulate the sector were identified through the website from the Ministério do Trabalho e do Emprego, Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas and bibliographic references. The perceptions about the bamboo productive chain actors were analyzed after the questionnaires. The searches held in the patent databases showed the chineses are those that more deposit patents, and it directly related to the tradition of the material use. Behind are the japoneses, north-americans anda Canadians, and there is a small contribution of brazilian patents. The research about the material has been done by 13 universities and 4 institutes. However the credit and financing lines are 7, but are used widely to the eucalyptus and pinus forests. The certification in Brazil can be obtained through by the certification agencies that represent the Forest Steward Council, CERFLOR and OCIA Organic. The bamboo can be used in the Furniture Sector and in the Construction as a structural material, because besides of its strong sustainable appeal there is the question of his so low cost. A lot of companies uses the bamboo as a handicraft, but it are marketed as a product with a higher added value through its processing, that still is recent in the country. On the research field in Brazil there is still much to be done, when compared to world leaders in bamboo production, because the material is the subject of research for nearly two decades in Brazil and has grown significantly after the year 2000. The future perspective is to assure that a wider dissemination of the material, breaking paradigms and prejudices that exist in Brazilian society.