Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2011-10-21"

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Biossegurança no controle da infecção hospitalar: desenvolvimento de imunossensor impedimétrico para detecção de Staphylococcus aureus em áreas críticas hospitalares
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-21)
Fialho, Ana Cristina Vasconcelos
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Moreira, Fernando Manuel Araújo
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1809254923092721
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7723210418338814
The Biosafety is a very important tool for the Control of Hospital Infection establishing through methods, techniques and standards, measures to be adopted in order to prevent and control risks that may contribute to hospital infection. This work reports the development of an impedimetric immunosensor for detection of pathogenic bacteria, specifically Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), in hospital critical areas (Surgical Centers and Intensive Care Units) to contribute to the hospital infection control. Different parameters were studied: direct immobilization of protein A of S. aureus on the surface of the transducer or the working electrode (screen-printed electrode - SPE), immobilization of protein A on SPEs modified with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of cystamine (CYS) and glutaraldehyde (GA); different incubation times and dilutions were used for both modifiers as for protein A and anti- S. aureus antibodies; blocking with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and immunoassay (antigen-antibody reaction, Ag-Ab). Electrochemical techniques (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy - EIS and cyclic voltammetry - CV) and non electrochemical (microscopy) were used for the characterization and construction of the immunosensor. The impedance measurements and cyclic voltammetry showed the good results with self-assembled monolayer of cystamine 2 x 10-2 mol L-1 and glutaraldehyde 2,5% with incubation periods of 2 and 1h, respectively; immobilization of protein A 1:20 (tincub = 12 h) and anti-S. aureus monoclonal Ab (tincub = 3 h) and step blocking with 0.5% BSA (tincub = 1 h). For the Ag-Ab interaction S. aureus ATCC - 6535 strains (analyte) were used and incubation for 30 min. The immunosensor developed has proven to be an effective method for monitoring of S. aureus in a hospital environment and that can be applied as an indicative tool of the effectiveness of the standards and procedures applied to the control of hospital infection.
Pion: a construção de um portal para os professores de Física
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-21)
Escanhoela, Felipe Moron
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Studart Filho, Nelson
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0451310772113076
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9394251299715826
Pion, the web portal of the Brazilian Physical Society (SBF) for physics teaching and dissemination, provides to the public at large a collection of learning objects such as videos, photos, illustrations, didactic simulations, texts and other resources related to physics and its teaching. This work is an account of the web portal development and the achievement of an evaluation research on its usability and use by the public. An online form with multiplechoice questions and one open question were sent by e-mail to all registered users of the portal. The closed responses were evaluated in line with a Likert scale model and the views expressed in the open question were classified according to afterwards created categories. The research led to the conclusion that Pion is well structured concerning its usability and fulfills the role of assisting the teacher in their search for relevant information to teaching practice, although it still needs for improvement in aspects related to interaction with the public and the interactivity in general.
C2C: um chat bilíngue com apoio de senso comum
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-21)
Sugiyama, Bruno Akio
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Silva, Junia Coutinho Anacleto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6200743168568684
In this research, we describe how common sense knowledge with machine translation can help the communication among people with different cultural background. In order to evaluate this possibility, we developed a bilingual chat called Culture-to-Chat or C2C that provides a communication channel and has resources that help its user to create messages in a second language. In the computer-mediated communication field, it is possible to notice that people are crossing geographic borders and having opportunities to share experiences among different cultures. Sharing information in a non native language can be difficult to some users. Some computational tools that support communication uses machine translation to aid users that need to work with different language. C2C also uses this approach and adopts a semantic network of cultural knowledge, collaboratively built on the Web through the Open Mind Common Sense in Brazil project (OMCS-Br) to work with cultural expression, in other words, terms whose meaning depends on user‟s culture. Following a user-centered design approach that focuses on prototyping, we present the development of C2C passing by low, middle and high fidelity prototypes. In order to observe how this computational tool is used and collect the opinion of target users, we perform a pilot study involving Brazilian and Canadian users. This study showed some enhancements for the tool and pointed evidences that this chat contributes to the communication between people with different cultural backgrounds.
Identificação dos componentes do óleo essencial de laranja (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) e proposição de procedimentos industriais para a obtenção de produtos diferenciados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-21)
Tita, Marcelo Luiz
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Vieira, Paulo Cezar
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8923844563320377
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4471520818380368
Brazilian exports of orange essential oil are responsible for moving approximately seventy-four million dollars, representing a significant portion of Brazilian business, and deserve the attention from the companies involved in this business. There was interest by the company (Cutrale) to conduct this research, due to the low number of papers found in the literature to promote the study with orange essential oil distillation facility at the industrial level. Thus, this work was aimed to study the essential oil of orange in its composition, and establish by vacuum distillation an industrial scale, of a system for preparing a product with sensory profile that was not available in the market. For that, we used statistical tools to deal with the results of chromatographic analysis of GC/MS, and sensory analysis to characterize the products obtained. The distillation was carried out in a distillery plant with about 1730kg of orange essential oil. It was the necessary the proper adjustment of the equipment and then the product was distilled, and several fractions were collected. The procedure was performed in two different set-ups. The first one involved low heating and low distilling flow, and the second higher heating and distilling flow. The originated fractions from both procedures were analyzed by GC/MS and their profile, were compared using PCA. Three samples were chosen for the sensory tests after the analysis by PCA. The tests revealed some sensory acceptability, either positive or negative of fractions of the juice when compared with the positive control (standard juice). This suggests that the testers do not have the taste for this type of product. Compared with a collection of samples of customers from abroad, received/analyzed by the company, these fractions are very similar, implying that there is possible that the samples we obtained may be of interest for international market.
Diagnostico da utilização de sistemas de informações geográficas na gestão de redes de água e esgoto por órgãos municipais nas mesorregiões de Araçatuba/Bauru (SP)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-22)
Montanha Junior, Enaldo Pires
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Röhm, Sergio Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7332654261230826
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5554259094692696
The governing manegement bodies of sanation in Brazil are looking for development, mostly about infrastructure tecnology. Controling and manegement of water supply and sewage, witch are part of governing sanitation , usualy are tasks of the same body in the city, and the optimization of these services have been much discussed latly, since the informations number is big enought and its right use is excential for taking effective decisions, and consequently, saving time and money. The GIS Geographic Information System - tecnology has been used in several segments since some a time.And about sanitation is the same because mostly of the contries goverment bodies have showed already convincing results that the investments in that tecnology brings advantages with integration of the data in a smart way and easy handling but the GIS Geographic Information System - uses is not common in small cities. The target of this work is to find out, using defined parameters with field researching, the GIS Geographic Information System - uses at the manegement bodies from Araçatuba/Bauru-SP, about its utilization advantages and if there were difficulties and wich, the principal reasons of its not use and tendencies for the future.
Fatores que influenciam na opção do modo de transporte de crianças para a escola - estudo de caso São Carlos/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-22)
Rosa, Fernanda Duarte
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Sanches, Suely da Penha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3857424839674606
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0435082658179293
In the late years, the number of children who go to school by active modes of transport has decreased significantly. This fact causes several problems both in the area of urban transport (creating traffic congestions and accidents in the school neighborhood during the periods of starting and finishing classes) and in the area of public health (increasing the indices of child obesity). In this context, the objective of this research is to identify which factors influence the mode choice of elementary school children to access the schools. The focus of the research are the public elementary schools, because the geographic area that these schools traditionally serve (neighborhoods) permits that the trips be made by non motorized modes, for a great fraction of the students. The case study was developed in the city of São Carlos, SP with students that attend Municipal Elementary Schools. The survey was carried with the students´ parents by means of questionnaires about the children s personal characteristics, as well as their perception of the route from the residence to the school. The data showed that several factors influence the mode choice for the children trip to school, like the perception of safety and security in the neighborhood, the automobile availability in the residence, the parents habits and culture in relation to the motorized modes of transport and the distance for the residence to the school (the factor that proved to have the strongest impact in the parents decision). The discrete choice models were chosen for the estimation of the modal choice because they are largely used in transportation studies. Among the models that were tested, the multinomial logit was the most adequate. The calibrated model showed satisfactory and significant results, demonstrating that the chosen approach is adequate to the analysis of the mode choice for the trips of children to school.
Produção de recobrimentos metálicos a partir de ligas de ferro amorfizáveis
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-23)
Silva, Ana Martha Branquinho e
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Botta Filho, Walter José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8956458007749112
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3257641230615328
The aim of this work was to study the production of metal coatings from amorphous alloy Fe-25Cr-7Ni-4,5B (wt.%), with special focus on mechanical and microstructure properties. Initially, preliminary studies were made through the production of ribbons and bulks of metallic alloys Fe-25Cr-7Ni-XB (X = 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 wt.%) for the evaluation of amorphous phase formation. The alloy showed the best results was used in the production of the following samples by spray forming process: deposits used to assess the main process parameters involved; coatings manufactured using pre-layer of nickel alloys, whose aim was to allow the adhesion of particles on the substrate; and powders, that were sieved and separated into specific grain sizes. These powders, together with the same alloy powders produced by grinding through the process of highenergy milling, were sent to the Ogramac company for the manufacture of coatings via thermal spraying process HVOF (high velocity oxygen fuel). The characterization of all samples was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The mechanical properties were evaluated by hardness and wear tests. Although the preliminary results of the samples have shown good prospects regarding the formation of amorphous phases, these phases were not identified in deposits, coatings and powders with particle size less than 45 μm produced by spray forming. However, these coatings exhibited efficient adhesion to the substrate, which is a highly advantageous in the production equipment DEMAUFSCar. The coatings produced by thermal spraying processes have shown interesting results concerning the microstructure obtained in addition to higher values of hardness and wear properties when compared to conventional materials.
Avaliação dos fatores de risco biomecânicos presentes na atividade ocupacional de eletricistas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-24)
Castro, Cristiane Shinohara Moriguchi de
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Coury, Helenice Jane Cote Gil
Electrical energy is an essential good that may affect people s life and the economy. Overhead line workers and construction electricians are the workers responsible for the availability of this good. To perform their occupational tasks these workers are exposed to fatal accidents and musculoskeletal overload. Although of high rates of accidents and musculoskeletal injuries among these workers, few studies evaluated the presence of risk factors in the occupational settings of line workers and electricians. In this sense, it is necessary to identify the risk factors in the electricians activities (Study 1), quantify the exposure using valid direct methods (Study 2, 3 and 5) and verify the importance of the found results for clinical applications (Study 4 and 5). Study 1 was developed to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among line workers and to identify the risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders. The results of this study showed postural overload and high prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms at shoulders and neck. Based on these results, Study 2 was purposed to quantify the postural overload in the five main tasks performed by line workers. Loading and unloading the ladder on the vehicle support was deeply investigated by means of posture and force measurements in Study 3, due its higher frequency in line workers schedule. Postures and movements were recorded by four inclinometer sensors at a sampling rate of 20Hz. Inclinometer sensors were previously calibrated and them attached at workers head, upper back and right and left upper arms. Study 2 and 3 identified that line workers are exposed to shoulder and neck awkward postures during all evaluated tasks. However, both studies were performed in simulated settings. By this way, Study 4 was developed to verify if the postures recorded in the simulated conditions are representative of the posture recorded in occupational environment. The results of Study 4 showed that whether the tasks are possible to be reproduced in simulated conditions the postural overload is representative of occupational overload. Besides the representativeness, Study 5 focused the comparison between posture exposure among Brazilian and Norwegian electricians to verify whether the same job type evaluated by the same method under the same procedures would present the same overload disregard the culture differences. The results of this study would allow inferring about external validity of the recordings. According to the found results, Brazilian and Norwegian posture exposure is similar. The results of Study 5 also indicated the high postural overload that these workers are submitted. Therefore, the present thesis showed the need for ergonomic interventions to reduce biomechanical risk factors presented at electricians work activity and the representativeness of the found results to occupational environmental conditions and to other populations.
Tendência de formação de fase amorfa em ligas a base de magnésio para biomaterial temporário
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-24)
Danez, Gabriela Pancev
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Botta Filho, Walter José
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8956458007749112
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8137234680727325
Mg alloys have attracted attention as potential implant material because of their good mechanical properties, biocompatibility and biodegradation properties. However corrosion of these alloys causes intense release of hydrogen gas which is not desirable for biomedical applications. Zberg et. al. reported a significant reduction in hydrogen evolution in Mg-Zn-Ca glassy alloys due the increase of Zn without the formation of undesirable intermetallic phases. These glassy alloys showed great potential for deployment in a new generation of biodegradable implants. In this context the evaluation of the glass forming ability (GFA) of Mg-Zn-Ca alloys, in the Mg-rich composition corner is relevant. In the present work we studied Mg-rich compositions in the Mg-Zn-Ca system based on the topological instability criterion (min) combined with the average electronegativity difference (e) among the elements in the alloy. Bulk samples were produced by rapid cooling in a copper mold and ribbons were produced by melt-spinning technique. The microstructure, amorphous nature, thermal properties and chemical composition of samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Best results were observed in alloys with Ca content limited to 6 at%. Furthermore, the samples ewre subjected to oxidation and high change in composition.
Empoderando pais para a luta pelos direitos de seus filhos com deficiência: pesquisa-ação emancipatória
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-25)
Araújo, Rosângela Martins de
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Mendes, Enicéia Gonçalves
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4694607287235371
Currently the perspective focused only on the individual and his or her disability has been replaced by researches on family-centered approaches and integrated with partnership and collaboration support process. This trend encouraged the creation of new parenting programs emphasizing family as a unit, including programs designed to empower parents of individuals with disabilities. Empower parents meant moving away from the notion of parents being compliant and passive recipients that allows them the opportunity to discuss and deal with their problems and possible solutions, and moreover professionals can also give confidence and enable parents to be actively engaged in the process of social transformation. Which strategies should be used to achieve this goal? To describe this issue, the purpose of the present paper was to develop and evaluate an intervention program endeavoring to develop the skills of parents of children with disabilities with regard to the human rights awareness to apply and defend them. We adopted the method of action research due to its capability to employ a collective and emancipator character, and interacting with the perspective of empowerment for the development in citizenship in accordance with the aim of this study. It was attended by 26 family members of people with severe and / or multiple disabilities. Measures to estimate the degree of parent empowerment, before and after the intervention, were collected using a scale. The intervention was performed in 11 meetings, taking into account that all meetings were video recorded and recorded in field diaries. Results indicated that intervention was appropriate to empower the participating parents regarding their rights; whereas they showed statistically significant results between pre- and post-intervention for 23 out of 26 parents within total score and / or in system advocacy, knowledge, and competence subscales. The qualitative data corroborated the quantitative findings and demonstrated that the impact of intervention seems to be beyond empowerment as well as served to build up social network of mutual support for family members. The measure of social validity of intervention indicated the average of 92% in parents approval, enhancing the quality indicators in the process of group intervention for family members. The study has shown that it is possible and beneficial to empower parents, and likewise it discusses the importance of researches to evaluate the impact of the intervention on parents of children with severe and multiple disabilities.
Atributos químicos e microbiológicos de solo cultivado com cana-de-açúcar sob manejo convencional e orgânico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-25)
Zorel, Daiane
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Ceccato-Antonini, Sandra Regina
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/7600793543184032
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3192211661022190
The identification of soil quality indicators that demonstrate the alterations occurred in areas under organic management is important to determine the sustainability of this kind of cultivation. The soil microbial biomass and activity have been considered as important indicators of soil quality, especially when different management systems are employed in agroecosystems. In this context, the aim of this work was to evaluate management systems (organic and conventional) of the sugar cane over the soil quality, analyzing the chemical attributes as organic matter, pH, potential acidity, aluminium, magnesium, calcium, potassium, cation-exchange capacity, (CEC), sum of bases (SB), and percent base saturation (%BS), as well as the microbiological attributes as number of fungi and bacteria, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal respiration (BR) and metabolic quotient (MQ). The soil analyses were taken in the period comprised between May/2009 and September/2010. Among the chemical parameters that most showed the alterations in soil caused by the management are pH, magnesium concentration, potential acidity, SB and %BS. Higher values obtained with these two last parameters in the organic systems with addition of compost and limestone (SOCA) or compost and corrective, especially, indicate soil fertility. There was no significant difference among the treatments concerning MBC probably because it is an area where only recently the experiments were established. An influence of the sampling period was observed, with high values in the higher rainfall period. Higher values of BR were detected in the organic systems, especially in May and August/2009, which was coincident with the higher rainfall period and temperature. Although no significant difference was verified, the higher values of MQ were verified in the conventional system. Concerning the number of fungi and bacteria, the microbial community seemed to respond better to the climate/rhizosphere than the treatments involving the different management systems. Among the parameters studied, the BR was the most effective parameter to detect changes that occur in the soil due to the management system, showing that the organic system altered the soil quality, which reflected in the microbial activity.
Estudo químico de plantas do gênero Hortia, do fungo Guignardia citricarpa e avaliação de seus potenciais efeitos biológicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-26)
Severino, Vanessa Gisele Pasqualotto
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Silva, Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0457632122660653
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0286065758729632
The chemical investigation of plants belonging to the genus Hortia described here aimed at contributing to the chemosystematics of the family Rutaceae as well as to the correct placement of this genus within this family. Study involving the species H. oreadica Groppo, Kallunki and Pirani; H. brasiliana Vand. ex DC.; and H. superba Ducke led to the isolation of 21 compounds, more specifically ten limonoids, three dihydrocinnamic acid derivatives, five alkaloids (two furan quinolinic, one 2-quinolone, and two indoloquinazolinone) and three coumarins (one linear furanocoumarin and two angular pyranocoumarins). Taking together all the data obtained on secondary metabolites from the genus Hortia in the present study as well as in previous works, it was possible to propose the positioning of this genus in the intersection of Rutoideae and Toddalioideae, but close to Flindersioideae. Various biological assays were conducted by using plant extracts and isolated compounds from three Hortia species, and the most significant activities were detected for rutaecarpine (against Xylella fastidiosa and Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and N-methyl-4-methoxy-2-quinolone (against Guignardia citircarpa); for the limonoids hortiolide C (against X. fastidiosa and Streptococccus sanguinis), hortiolide D (against Streptococccus salivarius), and hortiolide E (against S. sanguinis and S. salivarius); for the dihydrocinnamic acid derivative 3-[2,6-dimethoxy-6´,6´-dimethylpyran- (2´,3´:4,5)-phenyl]-propionic acid (against M. tuberculosis and G. citricarpa); and for the coumarin 5-methoxy-seseline (against G. citricarpa). Investigation of the phytopathogenic fungus G. citricarpa aimed at acquiring knowledge about the chemistry of this microorganism. After optimization of the liquid culture medium (potato-dextrose, Czapeck and Czapeck enriched with 2% malt extract) and growth period (05 to 45 days) appropriate for G. citricarpa, this fungus was developed at a larger scale using potato-dextrose for 25 to 35 days. The crude extracts were submitted to fractionation by chromatography, which furnished 13 different compounds of different classes of secondary metabolites, namely four diketopiperazines [cyclo-(proline-leucine), cyclo-(phenylalaninetyrosine), cyclo-(proline-tyrosine), and cyclo- (proline-phenylalanine)], one nitrogen base (uracil), three nucleosides (uridine, 5-methyl-uridine, and inosine), one amino acid (tryptophan), one aromatic alcohol (tyrosol), one furfuraldehyde (5-hydroxy-methyl-furfuraldehyde), one benzoic acid derivative (4-hydroxybenzoic acid), and one triglyceride. The isolation of tyrosol motivated new investigations on its possible role in pathogenicity events in Citrus, since there are some literature reports on its signaling and autoregulation activities in some endophytic fungi. Crude extracts from G. citricarpa were assayed against X. fastidiosa. The results revealed promising MIC values, prompting continuation of this study. In conclusion, the work described in this thesis has demonstrated that some natural compounds displaying antimicrobial activity have potential application as lead compounds for the discovery of novel bioactive compounds.
Programa Escolas Bilingues de Fronteira : das generalizações do documento às especificidades da fronteira entre Foz do Iguaçu e Puerto Iguazu
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-27)
Oliveira, Renata Alves de
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Paula, Sandra Regina Buttros Gattolin de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9228036521343293
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7242082462566358
The purpose of this research comes from the interest in studying the Bilingual Border Schools Program PEBF, which aim is to promote the teacher s exchange between Brazil and Argentina, to teach Portuguese to Argentinean children and Spanish to Brazilian children in the border communities. Thus, was made an interpretative analysis of the document entitled Bilingual Border Schools Program Model of common teaching in border schools, from the development of a program for the intercultural education, emphasizing the Portuguese and Spanish teaching, established by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Argentina (MECyT) and Ministry of Education of Brazil (MEC) and published in March, 2008, intending to investigate the generalization employed by the premise that Argentinean children show a reasonable level of Bilingualism , seemed that they understand the Portuguese well, on the other hand, the majority of Brazilian children is highly monolingual . Therefore, was tried to make a reflexive revaluation about the PEBF participant children s bilingualism development, having as a direction the conception of the program participant teachers reported on this document trying to comprehend how the children are represented in the official regulation of the program. After that, external data was collected in the pair-schools CAIC Adele Zanotto e Escuela Bilíngue n° 2 which belong to Foz do Iguaçu City PR in Brazil and Puerto Iguazu, Misiones in Argentina, respectively, with the intention of verify whether the document generalization is applicable to project participants from this region, which has distinct geographical formation than others twin cities of the program. At first, was realised that the definition of bilingualism isn t concrete enough and the Program development context shows characteristics very peculiar that must be considered for doesn t make much of a community in detriment to other based on apparent data. It was possible comprehend that the generalization in respect of the differences in the bilinguality levels of Brazilian and Argentineans students is not totally applicable to the students of the project in the Foz do Iguaçu and Puerto Iguazu area, once that all students, Brazilian and Argentinean, were evaluated by the same way, and the school community content from each country is historically composed differently. It was observed ,too, that the teachers reproduce the document speech, confirming the data that the Argentinean children develop the bilinguality easier due to a higher exposure to Portuguese, while Brazilian children are less exposed to Spanish, because of fluvial border between Foz do Iguaçu and Puerto Iguazu as well as a series of socioeconomic influences which aggregate bigger prestige to Portuguese in this area, revealing a adverse context for the bilinguality development for the Brazilian students. Hence, it was found that the social duty of languages in the Brazilian and Argentinean communities interferes directly on the participants performance of the project and, consequently, enforces the children s representation showed by documentation published in 2008.
Avaliação do tratamento com anticorpos monoclonais: anti-CTLA4 (9H10) e anti- CD28 (PV-1) na esquistossomose mansônica murina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-27)
Souza, Laís Cristina de
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Anibal, Fernanda de Freitas
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4918261968772806
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2916120654952183
Schistosomiasis mansoni is a major problem affecting public health, according to World Health Organization (WHO), 210 million individuals worldwide. In the infected host, the disease is characterized by the presence of granuloma, immunopathological outcome of the cellular infiltrate and in many cases a consequence of tissue fibrosis. Thus, the host-parasite relationship may lead to morbidity from the disease result in hepatosplenomegaly, hepatic fibrosis and ascites. The granulomatous process in schistosomiasis is dependent on CD4 + and requires recruitment and accumulation of inflammatory cells at the site of deposition of eggs. Schistosomal fibrosis is the result of granulomatous reaction that develops in response to antigens released by eggs of Schistosoma mansoni retained in the portal veins of smaller caliber. A host of disease caused by S. mansoni is mediated by the immune response by T cells through the dissemination of eggs that are housed in the liver and intestine. Manipulation of the interaction between B7 molecules of antigen presenting cells (APC) and T cell receptors CD28/CTLA4 modulate, and in some circumstances block the immunological response in vivo. The CTLA4 is structurally homologous to CD28 but is expressed in CD4 + and CD8 + newly activated, and its function is to inhibit T cell activation by inhibiting the signals released by CD28. Thus, CTLA4 is involved in the completion of T cell responses The way in which the two receptors release opposite signs and recognize the same molecule B7 of APC is an intriguing question and a matter of research. Coestimulatory these signals may have different roles in various types of immune response. Thus the treatment strategy of using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) anti-CTLA4, anti-CD28 in murine schistosomiasis was to evaluate the modulation of inflammatory response and parasite-induced S. mansoni as CTLA4 and CD28 were blocked. Our results showed that treatment with (mAb) anti CD28 and CTLA4 molecules coestimulatory favored changes in the number of leukocytes, modulations in the levels of circulating antibodies, cytokines, and the response profile of T helper (Th) and change in the parasitic activity. Our data showed that the reduction of parasite burden was 21.3% in the group treated with anti-CTLA4 mAb and 46.2% in the group treated with anti-CD28. Suggesting that these treatments should be considered interesting candidates for immunotherapy and for further investigation, since it is necessary to better understand the response of these molecules in schistosomiasis mansoni that when blocked or did not show the hypothetical anti-parasitic and anti-inflammatory activity in this model.
Catalisadores à base de ferro, vanádio e molibdênio suportados em titanatos lamelares e TiO2 comercial na aplicação da reação de NO com NH3
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-27)
Grosseli, Guilherme Martins
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Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8758982764260394
;
http://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655
The minimization of emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) is a subject of great interest because they cause serious environmental problems affecting human health, flora and fauna. To break down the NOx catalytic reduction of these compounds to N2 has acquired great importance and may occur in the absence or presence of a reducing agent. The selective catalytic reduction using ammonia as a reducing agent (NH3-SCR) has been shown to be one of the most attractive, being used worldwide to control NOx emissions by industries due to its high efficiency, selectivity and low cost. To obtain more efficient catalysts for this reaction, several studies have been developed. In this context, the objective of this work is to prepare, to wet impregnation, catalysts based on vanadium, molybdenum and iron supported on commercial TiO2 and lamellar titanates (TL) with high (A-TL) or low-sodium (B-TL), and apply them to the reduction of NO with NH3.It was also studied the effect of calcination temperature in titanates with low sodium content. Results of XRD and adsorption of N2 measurements confirmed the formation of TL mesoporous structure and high specific surface area. After the addition of metal to TiO2 and TL, it was observed a significant decrease in the values of specific surface areas, attributed to the filling of pores by metal oxides. The RTP-H2 showed lower reducibility of metals supported on the lamellar titanates and commercial TiO2 support. The catalysts supported TL with high sodium content showed lower catalytic activity compared to commercial catalysts . However, the catalysts supported on titanates with low sodium content showed promising results in the conversion of NO to N2. The catalysts Fe2O3/TiO2 Fe2O3/B-TL showed loss of activity in the presence of SO2, which partially regenerates in the absence of the compound. In the presence of water, both catalysts showed a decline in the conversion, With the removal of H2O the Fe2O3/TiO2 showed partial regeneration, while the Fe2O3/B-TL suffered irreversible deactivation.
Percepção arquitetônica do espaço de trabalho pela comunidade universitária: estudo de caso da UFSCar - Campus São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-28)
Salvador, Elizabeth Valdetaro
;
Francisco, José
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0330065027402518
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7081724290740609
The main objective of this work was to search and to analyze the architectural perception of the community of UFSCar campus working space, composed by its teachers and administrativetechnician personnel, with the intention to subsidize the elaboration of future studies and projects of architecture in the University with a more effective participation of these users. Based on a bibliographical research and a theoretical reference developed, several attributes of the working space were defined for a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the users perception. To this purpose, a research with the university community was carried on the internet by the application of questionnaires on the related attributes, being previously associated to each one a scale of values. Besides the evaluation of the attributes of the working space, which is understood as where the users spend most of their time, the questionnaires also approached other aspects as sex, age, level of education, department/sector, time at the working place and at the University, with the objective of getting to know the respondents profile. Interviews had also been carried on the internet with architects who worked as directors and/or related to planning and project in the University sectors responsible for these activities, since 1976 until now. The answers of the questionnaires had been systemized, statistically treated and duly analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The architects answers were analyzed qualitatively. As the result of the research with the users, it was verified that their perception of the working space is diversified, similar in certain aspects and very divergent in others. The reason is that ambient conditions are also different depending on the work place and some people are in much better places than others. The youngest users and those who work in the Center of Human Sciences clearly tended to be more negative in their perception. The result of the interviews with the architects shows the importance of planning and project processes in an integrated and continuous way, so that the quality of the constructed space is guaranteed throughout the years, independent of circumstantial factors that can influence the expansion of the University in the short-term. It is essential to give an answer to the urgent problems without losing the perspective and objectives in long-term.
Caracterização e análise da região codificadora do gene fruitless em moscas-das-frutas (Anastrepha obliqua)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-28)
Szrajer, Marcos Rosolino
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Brito, Reinaldo Alves de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8253066295947754
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9900085233570494
The fruit flies (Anastrepha sp) are organisms endemic to the Neotropics that are similar morphologically but present some behavioral, reproductive and molecular variations. Among these insects we can highlight the fraterculus group, which consists of a set of cryptic species, between them Anastrepha oblique, that represents threats to national fruit culture. The effective control of this grouping requires the expansion of the few studies concerning to the biology and history of populations which has a very complex systematic. Previous works suggest a high rate of evolution of genes related to reproductive issues and recognition of partners due to the high selective pressures involved in that relationship, hence, we chose to work with the fruitless gene which is recognized for its role in sexual differentiation and male courtship behavior in dipteran insects. Since a small region of this gene was already been amplified in our laboratory, we amplified and described the flanking sequences by RACE-PCR technique which used primers constructed targeting the 5 'and 3' ends. We used cDNA libraries produced from the extraction of mRNAs from different stages of development of these organisms enabling the identification of different isoforms arising from alternative splicing and structural characterization of the coding region (CDS) common to both sexes. We compared the data generated with the corresponding sequences of the fruitless gene in other insect species identifying the rate of similarity for nucleotides and amino acids (identity ratio) which revealed that the éxons coding for specific domains such as BTB and Zinc Fingers tend to remain more conserved in relation to other regions and éxons from Connector Region. Subsequently, we performed positive selection tests through the Relaxed Branch-site test and Strict Branch-site test, which were contrasted by Likelihood Ratio Tests (LRT) which identified 25 new sites evolving under positive selection, corroborating the findings of Sobrinho e de Brito (2010) and suggesting the presence of these forces on specific regions of this important gene linked to reproductive aspects of several major groups of insects.
Ideias algébricas explicitadas por estudantes da EJA em espaços não formais: o caso do cursinho de Ribeirão Preto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-28)
Borges, Angela Aparecida Arndt Gomide
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Sousa, Maria do Carmo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6637658562543505
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9576143386566140
This research aims to investigate the EJA students ideas when they experience problem situations that involve the algebraic language in the nonformal education context. To do this we investigated the evolution of Algebra philosophically and historically, as well as its introduction in basic education. This study was fundamental to understand the gaps and also the resources the subjects of the research have when problem situations that require the use of the algebraic language are presented. The research is qualitative and is characterized as a case study. It took place in a non-formal learning place: a popular cursinho in Ribeirão Preto that serves young and adult workers from low income families that had finished elementary and high school in public schools. The problem that guided the study was: what are the algebraic ideas shown by EJA students when they experience problem situations in a nonformal space? . The data was collected between March and June 2010 by the researcher who acts as volunteer in this educational space. Because of this, the methodology of the research is based on research-action considering that the author of this text, together with her colleagues, creates the problem situations on the algebraic language based on the reflections in class and the necessities and difficulties the students have during class, compared to the contents dealt with in the different areas of knowledge. The results of this research show that although the youngsters and adults from the popular class who finish high school in public schools have some difficulties in understanding and manipulating the algebraic language, they are willing to look for alternatives and to share the algebraic ideas they have with the other members of the group to solve the situations that are presented to them. The importance these students give to the group reflections that happen during the resolutions of the problem situations is also observed, since it is from these reflections that happen in the classroom that these youngsters start to make sense of the algebraic concepts that haven t been noticed by them, even though they have studied for years at formal schools. 10 At the same time those reflections help the teachers of cursinho to prepare the lessons and to produce problem situations. In other words, when the students show the ideas they have about the algebraic language during the classes and when they participate on their planning, they can show the sense they give to the algebraic language and they can be considered co-authors of the situations planned by the teachers. Therefore teachers and students of EJA are protagonists of the mathematics lessons that take place in this non-formal space. Regarding the results, during the research we elaborated two educational products : 1) the four problem situations that involve the algebraic language created based on the EJA students needs and 2) the theoretical synthesis from the analysis elaborated based on the development of the four problem situations as an essay. The educational products reflect the movement of the classroom, as well as its methodology called dialogical. The educational products presented here do not intend to indicate some type of methodology that must be followed by those who teach algebra in nonformal spaces specially for EJA. It intends to invite teachers who give algebra lessons in non-formal and formal schools to think about an education that often excludes the student. And at the same time to create problem situations connected to the algebraic concepts that regard the context it is inserted. The problem situations presented are different from those presented in the majority of the didactic books since they have the interdisciplinarity as a starting point that is the base of the work proposal at the cursinho.
Aumento de resolução de imagens de ressonância magnética do trato vocal utilizadas em modelos de síntese articulatória
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-31)
Martins, Ana Luísa Dine
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Mascarenhas, Nelson Delfino d'Ávila
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0557976975338451
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9249940379843542
Articulatory Synthesis consists in reproducing speech by means of models of the vocal tract and of articulatory processes. Recent advances in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) allowed for important improvements with respect to the speech comprehension and the forms taken by the vocal tract. However, one of the main challenges in the field is the fast and at the same time high-quality acquisition of image sequences. Since adopting more powerful acquisition devices might be financially inviable, a more feasible solution proposed in the literature is the resolution enhancement of the images by changes introduced in the acquisition model. This dissertation proposes a method for the spatio-temporal resolution enhancement of the obtained sequences using only digital image processing techniques. The approach involves two stages: (1) the temporal resolution enhancement by means of a motion compensated interpolation technique; and (2) the spatial resolution enhancement by means of a super resolution image reconstruction technique. With respect to the temporal resolution enhancement, two interpolation models are compared: linear interpolation considering two adjacent images and cubic splines interpolation considering four contiguous images. Since both models performed equally in the experiments, the linear interpolation was adopted, for its simplicity and lower computational cost. The initial goal of the spatial resolution enhancement was an extension of the candidate s approach proposed in her master s thesis. Adopting a maximum a posteriori probability approach (MAP), the high-resolution images were modeled using the Markov Random Fields (MRF) Generalized Isotropic Multi-Level Logistic (GIMLL) model and the Iterated Conditional Modes (ICM) algorithm. However, even though the approach has presented promising results, due to the dimension of the target problem, the algorithm presented high computational cost. Considering this limitation, an adaptation of the Wiener filter for the super-resolution reconstruction problem was considered. Inspired by two methods available in the literature, three approaches were proposed: the statistical interpolation, the multi-temporal approach, and the adaptive Wiener filter. In all cases, a separable Markovian model and an isotropic model were compared in the characterization of the spatial correlation structures. These models were used to characterize the correlation and cross correlation of observations for the statistical interpolation and the multi-temporal approach. On the other hand, for the adaptive Wiener filter, these models were used to characterize the a priori spatial correlation. According to the conducted experiments, the isotropic model outperformed the separable Markovian model. Besides, considering all Wiener filter-based approaches and the initial approach based on the GIMLL model, the adaptive Wiener filter outperformed all other approaches and was also faster than a single iteration of the GIMLL-based approach.
Modernização sem mudanças: da contagem de cabeças à gestão estratégica de pessoas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-31)
Souza, Maria Zélia de Almeida
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Alves, Francisco José da Costa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9183120186518337
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Última atualização do currículo em 04/06/2010
The major objective of this work was to study how human resources policies contributed to increase productivity in the manual cut of sugarcane in the last two decades. The sucroalccohol sector has undergone deep changes, accelerated after its deregulation, after the extinction of the Sugar and Alcohol Institute - IAA, in 1990. Competitive pressures forced the search for new business strategies in this sector and Human Management was also affected by this new logic in search of competitive advantage. The most significant results of this research reveal that the Human Resources Departments of the productive units in the sucroalccohol sector have gained new configurations and technological sophistication, assuming a more strategic role. The new human management technologies spread through all the areas, including the rural area and, therefore, the sugarcane cutters. However, it should be highlighted that, despite the incorporated technological sophistication diffused in the human appreciation discourse, the human resources policy did not lead to the abolishment of human management practices based on the well known binomium: prize/punishment; on the contrary, these practices are witnessed throughout all the processes of the sugarcane cutters management, starting at their hire, as well as during their training period, payment and dismissal. What establishes the difference between the modern mode from the traditional one is the logic that justifies the prize and the punishment: logic based upon assessment metrics, often praised as being modern and not subject to protectionism. In practice, these human management actions consist of powerful instruments of control and adequation of the sugarcane cutter to meet the requirements of the productive process, aiming at increasing work productivity through mechanisms which cause the cutter work to be more straining and precarious.