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Estudo químico de plantas do gênero Hortia, do fungo Guignardia citricarpa e avaliação de seus potenciais efeitos biológicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-26)
Severino, Vanessa Gisele Pasqualotto
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Silva, Maria Fátima das Graças Fernandes da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0457632122660653
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0286065758729632
The chemical investigation of plants belonging to the genus Hortia described here aimed at contributing to the chemosystematics of the family Rutaceae as well as to the correct placement of this genus within this family. Study involving the species H. oreadica Groppo, Kallunki and Pirani; H. brasiliana Vand. ex DC.; and H. superba Ducke led to the isolation of 21 compounds, more specifically ten limonoids, three dihydrocinnamic acid derivatives, five alkaloids (two furan quinolinic, one 2-quinolone, and two indoloquinazolinone) and three coumarins (one linear furanocoumarin and two angular pyranocoumarins). Taking together all the data obtained on secondary metabolites from the genus Hortia in the present study as well as in previous works, it was possible to propose the positioning of this genus in the intersection of Rutoideae and Toddalioideae, but close to Flindersioideae. Various biological assays were conducted by using plant extracts and isolated compounds from three Hortia species, and the most significant activities were detected for rutaecarpine (against Xylella fastidiosa and Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and N-methyl-4-methoxy-2-quinolone (against Guignardia citircarpa); for the limonoids hortiolide C (against X. fastidiosa and Streptococccus sanguinis), hortiolide D (against Streptococccus salivarius), and hortiolide E (against S. sanguinis and S. salivarius); for the dihydrocinnamic acid derivative 3-[2,6-dimethoxy-6´,6´-dimethylpyran- (2´,3´:4,5)-phenyl]-propionic acid (against M. tuberculosis and G. citricarpa); and for the coumarin 5-methoxy-seseline (against G. citricarpa). Investigation of the phytopathogenic fungus G. citricarpa aimed at acquiring knowledge about the chemistry of this microorganism. After optimization of the liquid culture medium (potato-dextrose, Czapeck and Czapeck enriched with 2% malt extract) and growth period (05 to 45 days) appropriate for G. citricarpa, this fungus was developed at a larger scale using potato-dextrose for 25 to 35 days. The crude extracts were submitted to fractionation by chromatography, which furnished 13 different compounds of different classes of secondary metabolites, namely four diketopiperazines [cyclo-(proline-leucine), cyclo-(phenylalaninetyrosine), cyclo-(proline-tyrosine), and cyclo- (proline-phenylalanine)], one nitrogen base (uracil), three nucleosides (uridine, 5-methyl-uridine, and inosine), one amino acid (tryptophan), one aromatic alcohol (tyrosol), one furfuraldehyde (5-hydroxy-methyl-furfuraldehyde), one benzoic acid derivative (4-hydroxybenzoic acid), and one triglyceride. The isolation of tyrosol motivated new investigations on its possible role in pathogenicity events in Citrus, since there are some literature reports on its signaling and autoregulation activities in some endophytic fungi. Crude extracts from G. citricarpa were assayed against X. fastidiosa. The results revealed promising MIC values, prompting continuation of this study. In conclusion, the work described in this thesis has demonstrated that some natural compounds displaying antimicrobial activity have potential application as lead compounds for the discovery of novel bioactive compounds.
Programa Escolas Bilingues de Fronteira : das generalizações do documento às especificidades da fronteira entre Foz do Iguaçu e Puerto Iguazu
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-27)
Oliveira, Renata Alves de
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Paula, Sandra Regina Buttros Gattolin de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9228036521343293
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7242082462566358
The purpose of this research comes from the interest in studying the Bilingual Border Schools Program PEBF, which aim is to promote the teacher s exchange between Brazil and Argentina, to teach Portuguese to Argentinean children and Spanish to Brazilian children in the border communities. Thus, was made an interpretative analysis of the document entitled Bilingual Border Schools Program Model of common teaching in border schools, from the development of a program for the intercultural education, emphasizing the Portuguese and Spanish teaching, established by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology of Argentina (MECyT) and Ministry of Education of Brazil (MEC) and published in March, 2008, intending to investigate the generalization employed by the premise that Argentinean children show a reasonable level of Bilingualism , seemed that they understand the Portuguese well, on the other hand, the majority of Brazilian children is highly monolingual . Therefore, was tried to make a reflexive revaluation about the PEBF participant children s bilingualism development, having as a direction the conception of the program participant teachers reported on this document trying to comprehend how the children are represented in the official regulation of the program. After that, external data was collected in the pair-schools CAIC Adele Zanotto e Escuela Bilíngue n° 2 which belong to Foz do Iguaçu City PR in Brazil and Puerto Iguazu, Misiones in Argentina, respectively, with the intention of verify whether the document generalization is applicable to project participants from this region, which has distinct geographical formation than others twin cities of the program. At first, was realised that the definition of bilingualism isn t concrete enough and the Program development context shows characteristics very peculiar that must be considered for doesn t make much of a community in detriment to other based on apparent data. It was possible comprehend that the generalization in respect of the differences in the bilinguality levels of Brazilian and Argentineans students is not totally applicable to the students of the project in the Foz do Iguaçu and Puerto Iguazu area, once that all students, Brazilian and Argentinean, were evaluated by the same way, and the school community content from each country is historically composed differently. It was observed ,too, that the teachers reproduce the document speech, confirming the data that the Argentinean children develop the bilinguality easier due to a higher exposure to Portuguese, while Brazilian children are less exposed to Spanish, because of fluvial border between Foz do Iguaçu and Puerto Iguazu as well as a series of socioeconomic influences which aggregate bigger prestige to Portuguese in this area, revealing a adverse context for the bilinguality development for the Brazilian students. Hence, it was found that the social duty of languages in the Brazilian and Argentinean communities interferes directly on the participants performance of the project and, consequently, enforces the children s representation showed by documentation published in 2008.
Avaliação do tratamento com anticorpos monoclonais: anti-CTLA4 (9H10) e anti- CD28 (PV-1) na esquistossomose mansônica murina
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-27)
Souza, Laís Cristina de
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Anibal, Fernanda de Freitas
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4918261968772806
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2916120654952183
Schistosomiasis mansoni is a major problem affecting public health, according to World Health Organization (WHO), 210 million individuals worldwide. In the infected host, the disease is characterized by the presence of granuloma, immunopathological outcome of the cellular infiltrate and in many cases a consequence of tissue fibrosis. Thus, the host-parasite relationship may lead to morbidity from the disease result in hepatosplenomegaly, hepatic fibrosis and ascites. The granulomatous process in schistosomiasis is dependent on CD4 + and requires recruitment and accumulation of inflammatory cells at the site of deposition of eggs. Schistosomal fibrosis is the result of granulomatous reaction that develops in response to antigens released by eggs of Schistosoma mansoni retained in the portal veins of smaller caliber. A host of disease caused by S. mansoni is mediated by the immune response by T cells through the dissemination of eggs that are housed in the liver and intestine. Manipulation of the interaction between B7 molecules of antigen presenting cells (APC) and T cell receptors CD28/CTLA4 modulate, and in some circumstances block the immunological response in vivo. The CTLA4 is structurally homologous to CD28 but is expressed in CD4 + and CD8 + newly activated, and its function is to inhibit T cell activation by inhibiting the signals released by CD28. Thus, CTLA4 is involved in the completion of T cell responses The way in which the two receptors release opposite signs and recognize the same molecule B7 of APC is an intriguing question and a matter of research. Coestimulatory these signals may have different roles in various types of immune response. Thus the treatment strategy of using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) anti-CTLA4, anti-CD28 in murine schistosomiasis was to evaluate the modulation of inflammatory response and parasite-induced S. mansoni as CTLA4 and CD28 were blocked. Our results showed that treatment with (mAb) anti CD28 and CTLA4 molecules coestimulatory favored changes in the number of leukocytes, modulations in the levels of circulating antibodies, cytokines, and the response profile of T helper (Th) and change in the parasitic activity. Our data showed that the reduction of parasite burden was 21.3% in the group treated with anti-CTLA4 mAb and 46.2% in the group treated with anti-CD28. Suggesting that these treatments should be considered interesting candidates for immunotherapy and for further investigation, since it is necessary to better understand the response of these molecules in schistosomiasis mansoni that when blocked or did not show the hypothetical anti-parasitic and anti-inflammatory activity in this model.
Catalisadores à base de ferro, vanádio e molibdênio suportados em titanatos lamelares e TiO2 comercial na aplicação da reação de NO com NH3
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-27)
Grosseli, Guilherme Martins
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Urquieta-González, Ernesto Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8758982764260394
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http://lattes.cnpq.br/2389975677904655
The minimization of emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) is a subject of great interest because they cause serious environmental problems affecting human health, flora and fauna. To break down the NOx catalytic reduction of these compounds to N2 has acquired great importance and may occur in the absence or presence of a reducing agent. The selective catalytic reduction using ammonia as a reducing agent (NH3-SCR) has been shown to be one of the most attractive, being used worldwide to control NOx emissions by industries due to its high efficiency, selectivity and low cost. To obtain more efficient catalysts for this reaction, several studies have been developed. In this context, the objective of this work is to prepare, to wet impregnation, catalysts based on vanadium, molybdenum and iron supported on commercial TiO2 and lamellar titanates (TL) with high (A-TL) or low-sodium (B-TL), and apply them to the reduction of NO with NH3.It was also studied the effect of calcination temperature in titanates with low sodium content. Results of XRD and adsorption of N2 measurements confirmed the formation of TL mesoporous structure and high specific surface area. After the addition of metal to TiO2 and TL, it was observed a significant decrease in the values of specific surface areas, attributed to the filling of pores by metal oxides. The RTP-H2 showed lower reducibility of metals supported on the lamellar titanates and commercial TiO2 support. The catalysts supported TL with high sodium content showed lower catalytic activity compared to commercial catalysts . However, the catalysts supported on titanates with low sodium content showed promising results in the conversion of NO to N2. The catalysts Fe2O3/TiO2 Fe2O3/B-TL showed loss of activity in the presence of SO2, which partially regenerates in the absence of the compound. In the presence of water, both catalysts showed a decline in the conversion, With the removal of H2O the Fe2O3/TiO2 showed partial regeneration, while the Fe2O3/B-TL suffered irreversible deactivation.
Percepção arquitetônica do espaço de trabalho pela comunidade universitária: estudo de caso da UFSCar - Campus São Carlos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-28)
Salvador, Elizabeth Valdetaro
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Francisco, José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0330065027402518
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7081724290740609
The main objective of this work was to search and to analyze the architectural perception of the community of UFSCar campus working space, composed by its teachers and administrativetechnician personnel, with the intention to subsidize the elaboration of future studies and projects of architecture in the University with a more effective participation of these users. Based on a bibliographical research and a theoretical reference developed, several attributes of the working space were defined for a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the users perception. To this purpose, a research with the university community was carried on the internet by the application of questionnaires on the related attributes, being previously associated to each one a scale of values. Besides the evaluation of the attributes of the working space, which is understood as where the users spend most of their time, the questionnaires also approached other aspects as sex, age, level of education, department/sector, time at the working place and at the University, with the objective of getting to know the respondents profile. Interviews had also been carried on the internet with architects who worked as directors and/or related to planning and project in the University sectors responsible for these activities, since 1976 until now. The answers of the questionnaires had been systemized, statistically treated and duly analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The architects answers were analyzed qualitatively. As the result of the research with the users, it was verified that their perception of the working space is diversified, similar in certain aspects and very divergent in others. The reason is that ambient conditions are also different depending on the work place and some people are in much better places than others. The youngest users and those who work in the Center of Human Sciences clearly tended to be more negative in their perception. The result of the interviews with the architects shows the importance of planning and project processes in an integrated and continuous way, so that the quality of the constructed space is guaranteed throughout the years, independent of circumstantial factors that can influence the expansion of the University in the short-term. It is essential to give an answer to the urgent problems without losing the perspective and objectives in long-term.
Caracterização e análise da região codificadora do gene fruitless em moscas-das-frutas (Anastrepha obliqua)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-28)
Szrajer, Marcos Rosolino
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Brito, Reinaldo Alves de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8253066295947754
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9900085233570494
The fruit flies (Anastrepha sp) are organisms endemic to the Neotropics that are similar morphologically but present some behavioral, reproductive and molecular variations. Among these insects we can highlight the fraterculus group, which consists of a set of cryptic species, between them Anastrepha oblique, that represents threats to national fruit culture. The effective control of this grouping requires the expansion of the few studies concerning to the biology and history of populations which has a very complex systematic. Previous works suggest a high rate of evolution of genes related to reproductive issues and recognition of partners due to the high selective pressures involved in that relationship, hence, we chose to work with the fruitless gene which is recognized for its role in sexual differentiation and male courtship behavior in dipteran insects. Since a small region of this gene was already been amplified in our laboratory, we amplified and described the flanking sequences by RACE-PCR technique which used primers constructed targeting the 5 'and 3' ends. We used cDNA libraries produced from the extraction of mRNAs from different stages of development of these organisms enabling the identification of different isoforms arising from alternative splicing and structural characterization of the coding region (CDS) common to both sexes. We compared the data generated with the corresponding sequences of the fruitless gene in other insect species identifying the rate of similarity for nucleotides and amino acids (identity ratio) which revealed that the éxons coding for specific domains such as BTB and Zinc Fingers tend to remain more conserved in relation to other regions and éxons from Connector Region. Subsequently, we performed positive selection tests through the Relaxed Branch-site test and Strict Branch-site test, which were contrasted by Likelihood Ratio Tests (LRT) which identified 25 new sites evolving under positive selection, corroborating the findings of Sobrinho e de Brito (2010) and suggesting the presence of these forces on specific regions of this important gene linked to reproductive aspects of several major groups of insects.
Ideias algébricas explicitadas por estudantes da EJA em espaços não formais: o caso do cursinho de Ribeirão Preto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-28)
Borges, Angela Aparecida Arndt Gomide
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Sousa, Maria do Carmo de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6637658562543505
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9576143386566140
This research aims to investigate the EJA students ideas when they experience problem situations that involve the algebraic language in the nonformal education context. To do this we investigated the evolution of Algebra philosophically and historically, as well as its introduction in basic education. This study was fundamental to understand the gaps and also the resources the subjects of the research have when problem situations that require the use of the algebraic language are presented. The research is qualitative and is characterized as a case study. It took place in a non-formal learning place: a popular cursinho in Ribeirão Preto that serves young and adult workers from low income families that had finished elementary and high school in public schools. The problem that guided the study was: what are the algebraic ideas shown by EJA students when they experience problem situations in a nonformal space? . The data was collected between March and June 2010 by the researcher who acts as volunteer in this educational space. Because of this, the methodology of the research is based on research-action considering that the author of this text, together with her colleagues, creates the problem situations on the algebraic language based on the reflections in class and the necessities and difficulties the students have during class, compared to the contents dealt with in the different areas of knowledge. The results of this research show that although the youngsters and adults from the popular class who finish high school in public schools have some difficulties in understanding and manipulating the algebraic language, they are willing to look for alternatives and to share the algebraic ideas they have with the other members of the group to solve the situations that are presented to them. The importance these students give to the group reflections that happen during the resolutions of the problem situations is also observed, since it is from these reflections that happen in the classroom that these youngsters start to make sense of the algebraic concepts that haven t been noticed by them, even though they have studied for years at formal schools. 10 At the same time those reflections help the teachers of cursinho to prepare the lessons and to produce problem situations. In other words, when the students show the ideas they have about the algebraic language during the classes and when they participate on their planning, they can show the sense they give to the algebraic language and they can be considered co-authors of the situations planned by the teachers. Therefore teachers and students of EJA are protagonists of the mathematics lessons that take place in this non-formal space. Regarding the results, during the research we elaborated two educational products : 1) the four problem situations that involve the algebraic language created based on the EJA students needs and 2) the theoretical synthesis from the analysis elaborated based on the development of the four problem situations as an essay. The educational products reflect the movement of the classroom, as well as its methodology called dialogical. The educational products presented here do not intend to indicate some type of methodology that must be followed by those who teach algebra in nonformal spaces specially for EJA. It intends to invite teachers who give algebra lessons in non-formal and formal schools to think about an education that often excludes the student. And at the same time to create problem situations connected to the algebraic concepts that regard the context it is inserted. The problem situations presented are different from those presented in the majority of the didactic books since they have the interdisciplinarity as a starting point that is the base of the work proposal at the cursinho.
Aumento de resolução de imagens de ressonância magnética do trato vocal utilizadas em modelos de síntese articulatória
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-31)
Martins, Ana Luísa Dine
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Mascarenhas, Nelson Delfino d'Ávila
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0557976975338451
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9249940379843542
Articulatory Synthesis consists in reproducing speech by means of models of the vocal tract and of articulatory processes. Recent advances in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) allowed for important improvements with respect to the speech comprehension and the forms taken by the vocal tract. However, one of the main challenges in the field is the fast and at the same time high-quality acquisition of image sequences. Since adopting more powerful acquisition devices might be financially inviable, a more feasible solution proposed in the literature is the resolution enhancement of the images by changes introduced in the acquisition model. This dissertation proposes a method for the spatio-temporal resolution enhancement of the obtained sequences using only digital image processing techniques. The approach involves two stages: (1) the temporal resolution enhancement by means of a motion compensated interpolation technique; and (2) the spatial resolution enhancement by means of a super resolution image reconstruction technique. With respect to the temporal resolution enhancement, two interpolation models are compared: linear interpolation considering two adjacent images and cubic splines interpolation considering four contiguous images. Since both models performed equally in the experiments, the linear interpolation was adopted, for its simplicity and lower computational cost. The initial goal of the spatial resolution enhancement was an extension of the candidate s approach proposed in her master s thesis. Adopting a maximum a posteriori probability approach (MAP), the high-resolution images were modeled using the Markov Random Fields (MRF) Generalized Isotropic Multi-Level Logistic (GIMLL) model and the Iterated Conditional Modes (ICM) algorithm. However, even though the approach has presented promising results, due to the dimension of the target problem, the algorithm presented high computational cost. Considering this limitation, an adaptation of the Wiener filter for the super-resolution reconstruction problem was considered. Inspired by two methods available in the literature, three approaches were proposed: the statistical interpolation, the multi-temporal approach, and the adaptive Wiener filter. In all cases, a separable Markovian model and an isotropic model were compared in the characterization of the spatial correlation structures. These models were used to characterize the correlation and cross correlation of observations for the statistical interpolation and the multi-temporal approach. On the other hand, for the adaptive Wiener filter, these models were used to characterize the a priori spatial correlation. According to the conducted experiments, the isotropic model outperformed the separable Markovian model. Besides, considering all Wiener filter-based approaches and the initial approach based on the GIMLL model, the adaptive Wiener filter outperformed all other approaches and was also faster than a single iteration of the GIMLL-based approach.
Modernização sem mudanças: da contagem de cabeças à gestão estratégica de pessoas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-10-31)
Souza, Maria Zélia de Almeida
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Alves, Francisco José da Costa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9183120186518337
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Última atualização do currículo em 04/06/2010
The major objective of this work was to study how human resources policies contributed to increase productivity in the manual cut of sugarcane in the last two decades. The sucroalccohol sector has undergone deep changes, accelerated after its deregulation, after the extinction of the Sugar and Alcohol Institute - IAA, in 1990. Competitive pressures forced the search for new business strategies in this sector and Human Management was also affected by this new logic in search of competitive advantage. The most significant results of this research reveal that the Human Resources Departments of the productive units in the sucroalccohol sector have gained new configurations and technological sophistication, assuming a more strategic role. The new human management technologies spread through all the areas, including the rural area and, therefore, the sugarcane cutters. However, it should be highlighted that, despite the incorporated technological sophistication diffused in the human appreciation discourse, the human resources policy did not lead to the abolishment of human management practices based on the well known binomium: prize/punishment; on the contrary, these practices are witnessed throughout all the processes of the sugarcane cutters management, starting at their hire, as well as during their training period, payment and dismissal. What establishes the difference between the modern mode from the traditional one is the logic that justifies the prize and the punishment: logic based upon assessment metrics, often praised as being modern and not subject to protectionism. In practice, these human management actions consist of powerful instruments of control and adequation of the sugarcane cutter to meet the requirements of the productive process, aiming at increasing work productivity through mechanisms which cause the cutter work to be more straining and precarious.
Efeito do biofertilizante no desenvolvimento de porta-enxertos de citros e na indução de resistência à gomose de Phytophthora
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-11-09)
Faldoni, Luciana
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Kupper, Katia Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7900622063392740
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3907316505262832
Among the problems faced by the plant citrus sector, stands out of Phytophthora gummosis, which affects all stages of plant development. For disease control chemicals are used, but seeking a more sustainable agriculture, alternative control techniques have been adopted, including the use of biofertilizers. Therefore, this work aimed to: (i) to produce a biofertilizer from the anaerobic digestion of cattle manure with crushed sugar cane, (ii) determine the microbial diversity present in compost, (iii) verify the effect of compound on mycelial growth of Phytophthora parasitica, (iv) to observe its effect on plant growth, and finally (v) evaluate its effect on induction of resistance to the pathogen. It was found that in the period between 25 to 35 days of production of biofertilizer met the highest microbial population, specially composed by Bacillus spp. and other bacteria. The biofertilizer at concentrations of 10 and 20% favored the vegetative growth of rootstock Poncirus trifoliata, Rangpur, sunki and sour oranges, and the concentration of 20% in orange plants Caipira favored disease control. The genes encoding β 0.1-3-glucanase (PR-2), chalcone synthase (CHS) and lipoxygenase (LOX) were activated in plants treated with biofertilizer and inoculated into susceptible rootstock, the biofertilizer was able to activate genes encoding chitinase (CHI) and chalcone synthase (CHS), possibly involved with the resistance of citrus plants to P. Parasitica.
Larvas de Geometridae (Lepidoptera) e seus parasitoides em sub-bosque nativo na Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus São Carlos, Estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-11-10)
Geraldo, Mariana
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Dias Filho, Manoel Martins
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1346547036069954
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8308083022956130
Geometridae larvae and their parasitoids were surveyed in a understory at Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus São Carlos, SP. Larvae were colected among April 2009 to April 2010, with an entomological umbrella in 18 native species plants. It obtained 863 larvae including 46 species and 24 genera belong to majority the Ennominae. The Larentiinae and Sterrhinae subfamilies were also represented for Eois and Cyclophora, respectively. The Ennominae genus obtained were: Certima, Glena, Herbita, Hymenomima, Iridopsis, Ischnopteris, Isochromodes, Lomographa, Macaria, Melanolophia, Microgonia, Microxydia, Nematocampa, Oxydia, Patalene, Pero, Phyllodonta, Physocleora, Prochoerodes, Sabulodes, Thyrinteina and Trotopera. Macaria rigidata was the more abundant species which represented 31%. It recorded 174 parasitized larvae from which 337 parasitoids emerged. They are distributed among Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Eulophidae (Hymenoptera) and Diptera, with Hymenoptera predominance. The obtained parasitoids were: Diolcogaster, Protapanteles, Glyptapanteles, Aleiodes, (Braconidae), Casinaria, Charops, Cryptophion, Diradops, Dusona, Jomine, Neotheronia, Podogaster, Polycyrtus, Mesochorinae (Ichneumonidae), Euplectrus (Eulophidae) and Tachinidae (Diptera). It recorded new parasitoids species of the genus: Diradops, Jomine and Neotheronia (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Geometridae larvae were present throughout the collection period and had increased occurrence at the end of rainy season.
Um estudo sobre o processo de institucionalização da responsabilidade social empresarial : estudo multicaso em montadoras de automóveis instaladas no Brasil e em Portugal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-11-11)
Sousa, Leila Araújo de
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Côrtes, Mauro Rocha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9175620680035718
This research is aimed to break down into steps and analyze the process of institutionalization of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Therefore, a bibliographical survey of the New Institutionalism in its sociological perspective was performed in an attempt to describe and characterize the steps of the institutionalization process, since the referred literature fully explains the adoption of social and environmental practices in the business environment. Subsequently, a bibliographical survey of CRS, as a subject of analysis, and of the main social and environmental variables (internal and external) that are part of the referred subject, was performed, based on the most accurate indexes and reports in Portugal and Brazil. Thus, considering the conceptual frameworks and case studies developed it has been possible to analyze the degree of institutionalization of each variable that composes the social and environmental responsibility in the studied companies, as well as the most important factors in the institutionalization process of CRS. In this context, car assembly plants set up in Portugal and Brazil were analyzed in order to verify the similarities and differences in the institutionalization process in the two countries. The results demonstrate that institutionalization can be broken down into additional and consecutive steps, demystifying the characterization of the process of institutionalization of organizational forms and practices as something that exists for the only purpose of determining whether something is or is not institutionalized. Besides, it was concluded that the most privileged dimensions and variables depend on the specific demands of each organizational field.
A exploração-investigação matemática: potencialidades na formação contínua de professores
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-11-11)
Lamonato, Maiza
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Passos, Cármen Lúcia Brancaglion
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9619359782586567
This thesis work evaluated the formative potentialities in mathematical explorationinvestigation for the professionals teaching mathematics for children from six to eleven years old pre-school teachers, teachers of the elementary school, and a professor of mathematics (student in pedagogy) focusing: (a) the development of exploratoryinvestigative activities in a group of teachers which periodically meet together for share new professional experiences, and (b) professional pedagogic practices developed with reference to the mathematical exploration-investigation. The main question was described: What are the formative potentialities of the mathematics exploration-investigation for teachers engagement in developing mathematics teaching? . The context of this work was to obtain the data collection of a continuous forming group involving the participants and the researcher, in order to investigate this thesis qualitatively in narrative style evaluating the life experiencing representation, valuing the perspectives of the group participants, producing a text based in a continuous movement for life, representing, evaluating, and representing again. The material analyzed was composed by: video recordings transcribed by the researcher; written and oral narratives from researcher and participants; researcher´s diary notes; written data of teacher and their students and pictures. According with the data of the authors who analyze the mathematics explorationinvestigation, the professional apprenticeship, and formation in their life we could conclude that the explorative-investigative activities were the responsible for the increasing teachers knowledge of geometrical contents in their substantive and syntactic structures, and reflections about didactic resources. Besides, it was possible to evidentiate elements that relate tasks in a sequence, and the activities developed as promoter of problematization of professionals practices of the teachers. In the classroom of the first years of the elementary school, the activities were transformed in opened problems and explorationinvestigativon, with encouraging the creation of an environment of negotiation of meaning and communication of ideas with the children. This has enabled teachers apprenticeship for improve their knowledge about their students and how they might arguing, questioning and establishing investigative positions in geometry class and in other contents and about way of teacher s intervention to enable such situations.
Diagnóstico, diretrizes e desafios para a gestão de resíduos da construção civil no Município de Rio Claro-SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-11-14)
Lobo, Fernanda Desordi
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Falcoski, Luiz Antonio Nigro
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3200660670856698
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9502268066598800
A lot of cities have suffered the serious problem about the high volume of waste caused by the civil construction, either in new construction works or in renovation and demolition, concerning with an irreversible phenomenon which is associated with the urban development, the population increasing and the industrialization. The necessity of the minimization of the problems concerned to the environmental, urban and the public health degradation, associated with the bad way the waste is put down and the precariousness of the right conduct, suggests an achievement of some work in this way, having in sight a better life quality for the present and for the future generations. The research will aim at a diagnosis of the waste of the construction work and demolition of the borough of Rio Claro-SP, showing subsidies for the proper management of waste produced, aiming at inquired research of preexisting solutions and producing alternative solutions, which can contribute to a public politics of local productive arrangement in the sector of management of the civil construction waste.
Estudo de impacto de vizinhança: avaliação de impactos gerados por supermercados em cidades de portes diferentes
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-11-17)
Molina Junior, Vitor Eduardo
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Lollo, José Augusto de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8987677644041247
The Law #10.257/2001 creates some instruments for urban management, among which the Study of Neighborhood Impact (EIV), which despite being required by this law, still hasn t been convincingly regulated by the municipal governments. The present thesis deals with the Study of Neighborhood Impact applied to supermarkets in cities of different sizes (Ribeirao Preto, Sao Carlos and Ilha Solteira) considering their local and regional impacts. The objectives of this research were to identify, present and evaluate the post-building impact related to this kind of enterprise, its valuation, the identification of its influence areas and the related policy acts. In order to reach these objectives, a combination of System of Geographic Information, cross-impact matrix, application of questionnaire and in loco data collection has been used. As a result, it has been verified that the impacts occur independently on the size of the enterprise and of the city. However, they do occur in different magnitudes, and the location of the enterprise in the urban environment is a relevant factor for minimizing them. Still, the verification of attributions to the physical environment in the analysis of the impacts has been considered important in measuring them, so as to include the environmental aspects together with the urban and socio-economic ones in the characterization and analysis of the impacts. Therefore, the EIV sets itself up as an instrument of urban management, allowing more efficient management to urban conflicts and contributing with sustainable development of urban environment.
O sentido e o significado das práticas de cuidar e educar das educadoras de creche: as condições subjetivas e objetivas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-11-17)
Cordeiro, Angélica Maria Adurens
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Mello, Maria Aparecida
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8338726751746542
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4781078272640855
This study aims to better understand the taking care and teaching practices of day-care educators, who can be either teaching or non-teaching workers. Qualitative approach was chosen so that the research methodology was defined as coherent with both the object and the theoretical references of the study. The resources for collecting data were the questionnaire and the semi-structured interview. For data analysis, the concepts of meaning and sense were used from the activity theory (LEONTIEV, 1978), taking as a starting point the objective and subjective conditions of the educators practice. The results show that meaning and sense of childhood change throughout the historical process, and that this change has an effect on the construction of the Childhood Education. Nowadays, the conception of early childhood education places emphasis on the actions of taking care and teaching as indivisible. However, this meaning is not consistent with the sense some day-care educators gave to their practices. Regarding the objective conditions, there was a concern present directly and indirectly in the educators answers: the importance of having a pedagogical project as a foundation of taking care and teaching practices.
Ensaios não destrutivos aplicados à madeira serrada e estruturas : técnicas potenciais para uso no Brasil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-11-18)
Cardin, Viviane de Salles
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Sales, Almir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7377787166073311
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0017473566444722
The wood has many different characteristics, resulting, in part, of the conditions in which the tree grows. The physical conditions of the wood are also influenced by its complex internal structure, resulting in an anisotropic behavior. Within this variability, its best use and application can be reached through non-destructive methods. The non-destructive methodology is performed to verify the existence or inexistence of discontinuities or defects, without changing its later use. This work aims at presenting the non-destructive techniques in wood with potential use in Brazil. It also aims at applying the ultrasound technique in lumber pieces of Pinus sp of structural dimensions, with the purpose of verifying the accuracy of such technique, comparing it to the values obtained in destructive tests (static bending tests). The coefficient of determination (R2) obtained from the regression line between the static modulus of elasticity and dynamic modulus of elasticity with the use of ultrasound was 0.66, that allows affirming that this technique has accuracy in the assessment of mechanical pieces of wood.
Eliminação de parâmetros perturbadores em um modelo de captura-recaptura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-11-18)
Salasar, Luis Ernesto Bueno
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Leite, José Galvão
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0677440386988572
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5464564215528609
The capture-recapture process, largely used in the estimation of the number of elements of animal population, is also applied to other branches of knowledge like Epidemiology, Linguistics, Software reliability, Ecology, among others. One of the _rst applications of this method was done by Laplace in 1783, with aim at estimate the number of inhabitants of France. Later, Carl G. J. Petersen in 1889 and Lincoln in 1930 applied the same estimator in the context of animal populations. This estimator has being known in literature as _Lincoln-Petersen_ estimator. In the mid-twentieth century several researchers dedicated themselves to the formulation of statistical models appropriated for the estimation of population size, which caused a substantial increase in the amount of theoretical and applied works on the subject. The capture-recapture models are constructed under certain assumptions relating to the population, the sampling procedure and the experimental conditions. The main assumption that distinguishes models concerns the change in the number of individuals in the population during the period of the experiment. Models that allow for births, deaths or migration are called open population models, while models that does not allow for these events to occur are called closed population models. In this work, the goal is to characterize likelihood functions obtained by applying methods of elimination of nuissance parameters in the case of closed population models. Based on these likelihood functions, we discuss methods for point and interval estimation of the population size. The estimation methods are illustrated on a real data-set and their frequentist properties are analised via Monte Carlo simulation.
Toxicidade da deltametrina (formulação Butox® CE25) nas respostas cardio-respiratórias da tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-11-18)
Silva, Aline Callegari
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Rantin, Francisco Tadeu
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3546242299713690
Deltamethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide, type II, considered of low persistence in the environment and widely utilized in agriculture and aquaculture to control plagues and aquatic parasites respectivamently. In spite of it low toxicity in mammals, this pesticide can be extremely toxic for fish. In this study, we evaluate the effects of a sub-lethal concentration (7.3 μg L-1, 50% of LC50-96h) of deltamethrin (formulation BUTOX®CE25) on the in vivo cardio-respiratory function of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), are species of high economic potential. The cardio-respiratory parameters (O2 uptake - V&O2 , respiratory frequency fR, gill ventilation - G V& , ventilatory tidal volume VT, O2 extraction from the ventilatory current EO2, and heart frequency fH) were measured in a group of intact fish (GC), under normoxic conditions, during 24 h. After this period, another group of fish (GE) was exposed to deltamethrin and kept under these conditions for another 24 h period. During these periods the cardio-respiratory variables were continuously monitored. In another series of experiments, a group of non-intoxicated fish (GCH) was exposed to normoxia (PwO2 ~ 140 mmHg) and subsequently submitted to graded hypoxia (PwO2 = 100, 70, 50, 30 and 20 mmHg), while the above cardio-respiratory variables were continuously measured. A fourth group (GEH) was exposed to deltamethrin and submitted to the same hypoxic leves. Just after the exposure to deltamethrin fish presented a reduction in 2 V&O (mLO2.kg-1.h-1) which recovered gradually and reached initial (control) values after 18 h. Meanwhile fR (breaths.min- 1) remained unchanged in response to the toxicant. The G V& (mLH2O.Kg-1.min-1), however, increased significantly in the first 6 h of exposure to deltamethrin, returning to the initial values after 9 h. The G V& increased as a consequence of a proportional enhancement in VT (mLH2O.kg-1.resp-1). Immediately after the toxicant administration, fish presented a significant reduction in fH (bpm) and this bradicardia remained for a period of 12 h, after which this variable returned to the control values. Fish exposed to deltamethrin and submitted to graded hypoxia presented a significant reduction in 2 V&O , while their critical oxygen tension (PcO2) increased in relation to the control group. This indicates impairment in the capacity of oxyregulation of intoxicated fish. Also during graded hypoxia G V& and VT of fish exposed to deltamethrin increased progressively, while fR did not change. The fH was significant lower (bradicardia) in all hypoxic tensions. In conclusion, when Nile tilapia is exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of deltamethrin (formulation BUTOX ®CE25), the cardio-respiratory variables of this species stabilize after about 24 h, indicating a fast recovery to the toxicity of this pesticide. The cardio-respiratory responses to hypoxia, however, are impaired by deltamethrine exposure, suggesting that an adequate aerobic metabolism is important in the detoxification of this pesticide.
Síntese, caracterização e deposição sobre óxido de grafeno de nanopartículas de óxido de índio dopado com estanho (ITO)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-11-22)
Firmiano, Edney Geraldo da Silveira
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Leite, Edson Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1025598529469393
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6561798806148030
In this study, in the first step, Indium tin oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via a non-aqueous route involving the solvothermal treatment of indium (III) acetylacetonate and tin (IV) chloride in polyethylene glycol Mw=1000. The use of microwave heating reduced the reaction time considerably when compared to traditional heating methods. An analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed particles of relatively uniform sizes and shapes. The high crystallinity of the material was observed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The nanocristal size founded by count was 5,1nm. A powder X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that all the materials were crystalline. Infrared spectra confirmed the presence of organic material on the nanoparticle surface. By thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) determined that 11.3% of the total mass corresponds to the polymer. Resistivity values below 10-1 Ω.cm were obtained in thin films and pellets, and semiconductor behavior. In the second step, a model to control the covered area of graphene oxide (GO) sheets by ITO nanoparticles was proposed. The method used was add graphene oxide at the synthetic route to obtain pure ITO. The composites were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TGA and TEM. XRD results for the synthesized materials confirmed the diffraction patterns of ITO in the different composites synthesized. Through the analysis of FT-IR was possible confirm the presence of the polymer formed on the surface of the oxide nanoparticle and functional groups of graphene oxide sheets. The polymer attached on the oxide surface is responsible for the strong interaction between the ITO and graphen oxide sheets. TEM images for the samples with different cover percentage showed the controller achieved with the synthesis proposed. The composite with 100 or 10% of metal oxides covering the sheets surface did not show the presence of nanocrystals out sheets. The percent value of the covered area obtained of 15% founded by image J analisys is near to the calculated value. From this value we can say that the model works well to control the covered area of GO by nanocristals. The electrical resistivity values found are comparable to the pure ITO, however, with a smaller amount of ITO.