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Participação do sistema purinérgico no locus coeruleus (LC) no controle cardiorrespiratório e térmico em normocapnia e hipercapnia em ratos não anestesiados
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-14) Biancardi, Vivian; Batalhão, Luciane Helena Gargaglioni; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5850453468994497; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3835317718066631
Locus coeruleus (LC) is considered as a chemosensitive region to CO2/pH in mammals and amphibians, mainly its noradrenergic neurons. The LC purinergic neuromodulation is of particular interest since adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) acts as a neuromodulator in many brainstem areas involved in cardiovascular and respiratory regulation, which includes Locus coeruleus (LC). ATP acting on LC P2 receptors influences the release of noradrenaline (NE) and the LC noradrenergic neurons are involved in the CO2-drive to breathing. Thus, the goal of the present study was to investigate the role of purinergic neuromodulation in the LC in the ventilatory, thermal and cardiovascular responses during normocapnia and hypercapnia in Wistar male unanesthetized rats. We assessed the purinergic modulation of cardiorespiratory and thermal responses by microinjecting ATP P2X receptor agonist (α,β-MeATP, 0.5 nmoL/40 nL and 1 nmoL/40 nL) and P2 receptor non selective antagonists (PPADS 0.5 nmoL/40 nL and 1 nmoL/40 nL; suramin, 1 nmoL/40 nL) into the LC. Pulmonary ventilation (VE, plethysmography), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and body core temperature (Tb, dataloggers) were measured before and after unilateral microinjection (40 nL) of α,β-MeATP, PPADS, suramin or 0.9% saline (vehicle) into the LC during 60 min normocapnia or 30 min period of 7% CO2 exposure followed by 30 min of normocapnia. Under normocapnic conditions, α,β-MeATP did not affect any parameter, whereas PPADS decreased respiratory frequency (f), increased MAP and HR and suramin increased Tb, MAP and HR and did not change ventilation. Hypercapnia induced an increase in ventilation, a fall in HR and did not change Tb in all groups. During hypercapnia, α,β-MeATP produced a further increase in ventilation and did not cause changes in cardiovascular and thermal parameters, PPADS caused an increase in MAP, did not alter ventilation and Tb and suramin elicited increases in ventilation, MAP and bradycardia and did not change Tb. Thus, our data suggest that purinergic neuromodulation in the LC plays an important role in the cardiorespiratory control during hypercapnia and modulates cardiorrespiratory and thermal control during normocapnic conditions in unanesthetized animals.
Gestão de compras em um fabricante de avião: uma análise sob a perspectiva da gestão de cadeia de suprimentos flexível
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-14) Guerra, João Henrique Lopes; Alves Filho, Alceu Gomes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7885557554922569; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8082203656060484
The influence and status that the purchasing function has gained in manufacturing companies are not reflected in the literature related to aircraft manufacturers. There are few studies that adopt, in this environment, the analysis of the purchasing function as the central theme of research. Particularly, there is a lack of studies on the challenges and problems it faces. In order to provide a contribution to this theme, an exploratory case study (single) in an aircraft manufacturer (Embraer) has been carried out aiming to identify the challenges and problems generated in its purchasing function due to the influence of the supply chain, the product (aircraft) and the dynamic environment in which the aerospace industry operates, and to analyze how they should be faced, considering the Supply Chain Management (SCM) approach and the supply chain flexibility concept. The following challenges and problems were identified: changes in customer purchase orders and in the aircraft manufacturer production plan; risks of harmed relationships with suppliers and lack of suppliers confidence on demand information; product changes; customization; late configuration; geographical dispersion and physical distance from suppliers; material acquisition lead-times; increase in production rate; disputes among customers for suppliers limited resources; bargaining power of suppliers; some potential sources of material shortage. The strategies to face them were defined based on the SCM elements (supply chain overall operational efficiency, process integration, information sharing, strategic alignment, and relationship among companies) and the supply chain flexibility dimensions (organizational, supply, market, logistics, information systems, and operations). The results reveal the importance of SCM and supply chain flexibility for the purchasing function and, by extension, for an aircraft manufacturer and the aerospace industry. They also show that SCM and supply chain flexibility can be used in a complementary and convergent way. Although the purchasing function stands at a privileged position regarding the potential of influence over business competitiveness, in the case of an aircraft manufacturer that position is also very challenging. As the aircraft manufacturers are driving their focus to some specific competencies, the challenges and problems analyzed in this research drive the purchasing function to prioritize competences related to the design and management of the supply chain.
Docking molecular aplicado ao estudo da formação de complexos entre análogos de resveratrol e derivados de 1,2,3-triazol e a enzima COX-2
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-14) Castilho, Luis Nelson Prado; Schpector, Júlio Zukerman; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4252331837170383; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8115891974292136
Prostaglandin H synthases (PGHS), or cyclooxygenases (COX), are known to exist in at least two isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2, encoded by different genes. COX s play a central role in the inflammatory cascade by converting arachidonic acid, released from membrane phospholipids, into bioactive prostanoids. Non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) represent an important therapeutic category related to the reduction of inflammation, pain and fever, however, can cause gastric and kidney failure. Selective inhibition of COX-2 by NSAIDs known as coxibs leads to a significant reduction of these side effects in addition reduce fatal thrombotic events and act in controlling some types of cancer and progression of Alzheimer's disease, when used for a long period. This study, based on molecular docking, describes the search for the most favorable poses in the formation of complexes between COX-2 and resveratrol analogues and 1,2,3-triazole derivatives. The three dimensional structure of the enzyme, 1cx2, was obtained from the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The structures of the ligands were obtained by molecular modeling. The docking calculations were carried out with the program GOLD 4.1.2. Analyses of the docking results show that interactions with residues of the side pocket of COX are important for the stabilization of the complexes, in particular His90, Arg120, Ser353, Tyr355 and Arg513 should be mentioned. The ligands studied locate, preferably, between α-helices 13 and 26 of the isoenzyme, and the interaction with the serine 353 residue seems to be related to the activity presented by ligands with low IC50 values, a characteristics that can be exploited in rational design of new leader molecules or in the optimization of selective ligands that should occupy the side pocket of the cyclooxygenase active site of COX-2.
Caracterização hidrogeoquímica e ecotoxicológica do sedimento de fundo, da água e do sedimento em suspensão transportado pela microbacia do Ribeirão Guamium, rio Piracicaba, SP, em função da sazonalidade
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-14) Pereira, Flávia Fontes; Ferreira, José Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4399379959466298; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4266218664389276
At the Guamium River microbasin, a branch of the Piracicaba Basin, SP, superficial water, bottom and suspended sediments were selected as natural compartments to assess for the ecosystem degradation due to the intensive land usage. Sampling campaign were carried out during one year in a seasonal approach. Discharge and precipitation data were obtained monthly. At the field, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) were measured and in water samples collected at ten sampling points, Ca+2, Mg+2, K+, NH4 +, Na+, SO4 -2, PO4 -3, NO3 -, Br-, NO2 -, Cl- and HCO3 - were determinate at the laboratory by ion chromatography and Gran titration. The dissolved discharge for Ca, Mg, K and Na were calculated. The suspended particulate matter, which were only measured at the low third part of the basin, were analysed for soil exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K, Na), N, P and total As. In addition, δC13 e δN15, were also determinated in order to evaluate the land use in the basin. The solid discharge and transport of Ca, Mg, K, Na and P on it were calculated. Bottom sediments, sampled at 10 sampling points, were evaluated for C, N, C/N rate, bioavailable and total As, being it δC13 e δN15 established. Bottom sediment toxicity were evaluated by both, algae bioassay, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and volatile acid sulphides (VAS). Although TDS and EC were high in some sampling points, most of ion concentrations were in the allowed ranges required for CONAMA 357/05. The transport of the dissolved soil exchangeable cations were around Kg h-1. The solid discharge, considering a precipitation of 447,40 mm, were 90,34 Kg h-1; 35,45 Kg h-1; 13,08 Kg h-1, 6,71 Kg h-1 and 25,47 Kg h-1 , for Ca, Mg, K, Na and P, respectively. The observed variation for %C13 varied from 6% to 82% in the bottom sediments and 9% to 48% in the suspended one, emphasizing the occurrence of C4 plants in the basin. High toxicity were observed at P5 in the dry season (August, 2010) and at P1 in the rainy one (March, 2011), which leads to a low growing curves and lower cells density when compared to the control. These data were not in accordance to the AVS/ΣSEM, which indicates the potential toxicity in the medium. Total As concentrations in the bottom and in the suspended sediments were high and can be due the use of herbicides in agriculture while no correspondence for bioavailable As were achieved for the same substrates.
Políticas públicas e juventude no espaço rural: assentamento Sepé Tiarajú - Serra Azul/SP
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-14) Mendes, Benedita da Guia Ferreira; Scopinho, Rosemeire Aparecida; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4770451465556845; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4623682111198611
The debate about the youth in the last decades has increasingly boosted the inclusion of this topic in the country political agenda as well as it has reinforced the need of understanding that the Brazilian youth is not homogeneous and it lacks further development in the social, cultural, and economic sectors of specific policies to that category. In that context, the Brazilian rural youth present themselves as a distant and invisible category from the urban youth. Besides the invisibility of the agrarian reform subjects, concerning the concrete needs and problems that involve them, there is also a distancing from the public policies in the agrarian reform settlements. Thus, the present research aimed to identify the public policies formulated to the rural youth within the State, and understand the impacts of their deployment in the youngsters lives in Sepé Tiarajú settlement, which is located in Serra Azul/SP. Based on conducting a bibliographical research, semi-structured interviews, and direct observations, it was possible to notice that the youth in the settlement are invisible to those involved in the organizational process, as well as the existing public policies are distanced from the reality of the settlement. Although the settlements are near the cities, the reality of rural settlements has its own peculiarities regarding its organization and relationship to the existing social movements in those spaces. Education, work, and leisure-time activities are among the issues that most concern the youth and their families.