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Bloqueio dos receptores 5-HT2 da substância cinzenta periaquedutal suprime o efeito ansiolítico resultante do antagonismo dos receptores 5-HT1A do núcleo mediano da rafe em camundongos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-15)
Souza, Vanessa Nunes de
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Souza, Azair Liane Matos do Canto de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2352004564367849
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8438045901614166
Several lines of evidence support the involvement of serotonergic (5-HT) neurons of the median raphe nucleus (MRN) in anxiety-like behaviour. In this context, it is known that blockade of 5- HT1A somatodendritic autoreceptors in the midbrain raphe nuclei increases the firing rate of these neurons, disinhibiting 5-HT release in postsynaptic target areas such as amygdala, hippocampus and periaqueductal grey matter (PAG). However, while activation of 5-HT1A or 5- HT2 receptors in forebrain targets such as the amygdala or hippocampus enhances anxiety-like behaviours in rodents, stimulation of both receptor subtypes in the midbrain PAG markedly reduces anxiety-like behaviour. In view of these findings, the present study investigated whether the anti-anxiety effects induced by pharmacological disinhibition of 5-HT neurons in the MRN are attenuated by the blockade of 5-HT2 receptors within the PAG. Mice received combined intra-PAG injection with ketanserin (10 nmol/0.1 μl), a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, followed by intra-MRN injection of WAY-100635 (5.6 nmol/0.l μl), a highly selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist. They were then individually exposed to the elevated plus-maze (EPM), with the videotaped behavioural sessions subsequently scored for both conventional and ethological measures. The results confirmed that intra-MRN infusion of WAY100635 (5.6 nmol/0.l μl)reduces behavioural indices of anxiety without significantly altering general activity measures, and further showed that this effect was completely blocked by intra-PAG pretreatment with an intrinsically-inactive dose of ketanserin (10 nmol/0.1 μl). Together, these results suggest that 5HT2 receptor populations located within the midbrain PAG play a significant role in the reduction of anxiety observed following disinhibition of 5-HT neurons in the MRN.
Doença crônica na infância no contexto de vulnerabilidade social: a experiência da família
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-15)
Baltor, Marja Rany Rigotti
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Dupas, Giselle
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9461883918498554
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6741676673155778
The chronicle disease has a permanent character and long duration. Life style and the person s environment is scenario worsen). When a child has chronicle condition, the familiar life suffers deep modifications, both by the frequent hospitalizations and by the treatment process. The major cause of physical disabilities in the childhood is cerebral palsy. It is caused by damage or bad formation of the brain. It s defined as a group of permanents disorders that affect the posture s development and movement, affecting major senses, self-care activities, behaviors, communication and intellect. There are others facts associated such as the financial impact once the cost of treatment and materials involved in the care of that child raise up with time and became a source of significant worries to the family. In situation of poverty the chronicle condition has a strong impact on the family, therefore it becomes necessary the reflection and recognize mechanisms to support this clientele. It was used Symbolic Interactionism as a theoretical framework and Content Analysis as method. To data collection it was used semistructure interview to compose the genogram and ecomap, which were tools that helped us characterize the family composition. Six families living in an area of social vulnerability composed the study. The data analysis allowed the conclusion that health professionals are not considered as a support or informational resource. The own family is the main support to cope with chronicity, both emotionally and financially. However, even with family s support, the care is centralized in the mother, and its path is considered as lonely and physically intense. The necessity of one of the family members stop working associated with the high cost of the materials destined to the child has a burly financial impact on the family, consequently is required to reorganize the priorities of investments, and the child health assistance is normally selected as the first one. Even with some financial difficulties, they invest in a private health care insurance to the child, as a result of the delays to access care and failure of the public health care system to resolve the problem in a short term, permanents sequels are brought to those in development and growth process.
Os instrumentos do trabalho rural como testemunhos da modernização agrícola e do desenvolvimento socioeconômico do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-16)
Silva, Joana Casturina da
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Costa, Luzia Sigoli Fernandes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8110248272001369
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9199368340707819
The record of the memory of a time is an invaluable asset that can help us understand the past be aware of this and outline prospects for the future. But little is said about the memory of the technologies, doing agricultural or farming practices such as memory space. Thus, the purpose of this study is based on the search and systematization of records of agricultural modernization in the State of Sao Paulo and its impact on socioeconomic development, therefore raising the rescue of the memory usage of agricultural equipment, such as animal traction and tractor. The survey attempted to compare the use of animal traction and mechanization in 1960 and 2007/2008, according to agricultural census prepared by IBGE and the LUPA project, the Secretary of Agriculture of the State of São Paulo, being the last survey agriculture in the country. The aim of this research was to show that over the decades, preserving the use of animal traction technique has not received the attention and is not registering memory spaces in Brazil, nor the State of São Paulo, discussed in this universe research on its history, in a systemic way, year after year, allowing a comparative study. The survey noted that there is abundant literature on the study of the heritage buildings, historic farms, but nothing that represents the agricultural history in its entirety. There are specific initiatives to create spaces of memory, many of which could not ensure its implementation, for lack of replies to messages sent asking for confirmation or otherwise of the venture. The research outlined a scenario of the origin, the use of animal traction in agriculture, the emphasis in the 1980s recorded on the return of the technique encouraged, including government programs, the introduction of modernization, symbolized by the use of tractor, importance of preserving the memory for building spaces that preserve the agricultural history, with suggestion of establishment of this area in San Carlos, interior of São Paulo, where Brazilian tractor Company (CBT) produced the first fully national tractor. In this study CBT is represented with a separate topic, the importance of the company in the history of mechanization in the country. The survey also brings some attachments that help you understand which municipalities of São Paulo animal traction and tractor tire track and was used more in the years 1960 and 2007/2008.
Validação do diagnóstico de enfermagem recuperação cirúrgica retardada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-16)
Appoloni, Aline Helena
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Napoleão, Anamaria Alves
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8539664594837249
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9804415222026713
The postoperative period requires the nursing team to be prepared to deal with possible specific complications. The precision of the nursing diagnosis during that period is essential for ensuring an effective and decisive care plan. The postoperative recovery may be changed, causing it to be delayed and, therefore, to require specific nursing intervention. The human response is represented by NANDA-I, through the Delayed Surgical Recovery (DSR) diagnosis. Based on the analysis of the elements of the DSR diagnosis, the possibility of gaps may be considered, especially gaps that are related to the defining characteristics (DC) and the related factors (RF). This study aimed at analyzing the concept and validation (by experts) of the Delayed Surgical Recovery nursing diagnosis, which is proposed by NANDA-I. That is a descriptive validation study of a nursing diagnosis, based on the model that was proposed by Hoskins. A bibliographical review was accomplished on LILACS, PubMed, CINAHL and Cochrane Library databases, in order to select studies that are related to the theme, for to ground the concept analysis, performed according to the Walker and Avant model, which describe an investigation process on basic elements of an eight-step concept. Fifty-seven studies were elected to conduct the concept analysis. Posteriorly, a content validation of the nursing diagnosis was made according to the Fehring model, in which the opinion of experts is surveyed, regarding the adequacy of the DSR nursing diagnosis. The DSR concept is found to be used in medicine, followed by nursing, psychology, social service, speech therapy, nutrition and physical therapy. DSR is usually discussed in relation to the deterioration of physical, psychological and social functioning interrelationship of patients and their relatives. The identified main defining attributes were: impaired ability to walk, need for help to perform daily activities, difficulty in performing selfcare, difficulty in reassuming social roles, persistent fatigue, necessity of a longer time for recovery, and others. Among the identified background items, there were: pain, anxiety, negative experiences on previous surgeries, infection, and others. The main consequences were: rehospitalization, prolonged hospitalization, depression, and others. Given the concept analysis data, some modifications on the enunciation and definition of DSR diagnosis were suggested, as well as some modifications on the Defining Characteristics (among them: delays the return to social activities and persistent pain ), and some suggestions for including DC (such as need for help to perform daily activities , cardiovascular and pulmonary problems ). The inclusion of Related Factors as advanced age , problems arising from anesthesia and presence of comorbidities were also suggested. The elements of the nursing diagnosis and the proposed modifications after the concept analysis were subjected to the review of 45 experts. As a result, changes were made on the diagnosis enunciation text which was modified to Postoperative Delayed Recovery. The nursing diagnosis definition text was changed to extension of the number of days of mediate or delayed postoperative to resume activities that sustain life, health and welfare , validation of the DC proposed by NANDA-I, modification of the DC text, such as Delays the return to social work, job, familiar, study, religious activities, etc. , Loss of appetite , Postoperative persistent pain and Persistent fatigue . Yet, it was possible to add six DCs for suggestion to be included in the Nursing Diagnosis of NANDA-I need for help to perform daily activities , Cardiovascular problems and Pulmonary problems were the ones that received the highest scores. As for the RF, all the ones that were presented by NANDA-I were validated and seven new RF were suggested to be included. Among the ones that received the highest scores by the experts are: Problems arising from anesthesia , Presence of comorbidities , Compromised nutritional conditions and Advanced age . The identified results offer the possibility of reviewing the DSR diagnosis by NANDA-I, contributing to knowledge about postoperative period and, consequently providing a better quality of nursing care to surgical patients who experience delayed recovery.
Avaliação de testes diagnósticos na ausência de padrão ouro considerando relaxamento da suposição de independência condicional, covariáveis e estratificação da população: uma abordagem bayesiana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-16)
Pereira, Gilberto de Araujo
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Louzada Neto, Francisco
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8876450664255918
The application of a gold standard reference test in all or part of the sample under investigation is often not feasible for the majority of diseases affecting humans, either by a lack of consensus on which testing may be considered a gold standard, the high level of invasion of the gold standard technique, the high cost of financially large-scale application, or by ethical questions, so to know the performance of existing tests is essential for the process of diagnosis of these diseases. In statistical modeling aimed to obtain robust estimates of the prevalence of the disease (x ) and the performance parameters of diagnostic tests (sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp)), various strategies have been considered such as the stratification of the population, the relaxation of the assumption of conditional independence, the inclusion of covariates, the verification type (partial or total) and the techniques to replace the gold standard. In this thesis we propose a new structure of stratification of the population considering both the prevalence rates and the parameters of test performance among the different strata (EHW). A Bayesian latent class modeling to estimate these parameters was developed for the general case of K diagnostic tests under investigation, relaxation of the assumption of conditional independence according to the formulations of the fixed effect (FECD) and random (RECD) with dependent order (h _ k) and M covariates. The application of models to two data sets about the performance evaluation of diagnostic tests used in screening for Chagas disease in blood donors showed results consistent with the sensitivity studies. Overall, we observed for the structure of stratification proposal (EHW) superior performance and estimates closer to the nominal values when compared to the structure of stratification when only the prevalence rates are different between the strata (HW), even when we consider data set with rates of Se, Sp and x close among the strata. Generally, the structure of latent class, when we have low or high prevalence of the disease, estimates of sensitivity and specificity rates have higher standard errors. However, in these cases, when there is high concordance of positive or negative results of the tests, the error pattern of these estimates are reduced. Regardless of the structure of stratification (EHW, HW), sample size and the different scenarios used to model the prior information, the model of conditional dependency from the FECD and RECD had, from the information criteria (AIC, BIC and DIC), superior performance to the structure of conditional independence (CI) and to FECD with improved performance and estimates closer to the nominal values. Besides the connection logit, derived from the logistic distribution with symmetrical shape, find in the link GEV, derived from the generalized extreme value distribution which accommodates symmetric and asymmetric shapes, a interesting alternative to construct the conditional dependence structure from the RECD. As an alternative to the problem of identifiability, present in this type of model, the criteria adopted to elicit the informative priors by combining descriptive analysis of data, adjustment models from simpler structures, were able to produce estimates with low standard error and very close to the nominal values.
Utilização da cinza do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar como agregado miúdo em concretos para artefatos de infraestrutura urbana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-16)
Bessa, Sofia Araújo Lima
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Sales, Almir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7377787166073311
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1142385823563089
Brazil is the main sugarcane world-producer and it is the leader in all segments (sugarcane, sugar and alcohol). The waste consisting of sugarcane bagasse is produced at the end of grinding process and it is used to generate energy through burning in boilers. At the end of burning, the ashes of bagasse are often thrown into environment improperly. In this context, the Construction Industry is a sector in which the incorporation of a couple of wastes is propitious, whereas applications of construction materials properties are considered. This research is justified by the need of assess the possibility of use of sugarcane bagasse ash in construction products, especially given its large volume. Used like raw material, the waste would no longer be the primary cause of problems related to public health and the environment. The goal of this research was to analyze the sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA) as a substitute for fine aggregate in concretes and mortars directed to the production of artifacts for the urban infrastructure. The SBA samples were collected in sugar and alcohol mills in the state of São Paulo and, then, they were characterized by physical and chemical tests. The SBA was used in cement mortars with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 50% and 100% substitution levels. After the mechanical tests, the 30% and 50% levels of SBA were chosen for the study and production of concretes, which were evaluated through dosage studies, mechanical and durability tests, and economical and environment studies for SBA like a substitution of sand. The artifact chosen for analysis was a concrete curb (dimensions 1,00 x 0,15 x 0,30 m) that was used for drainage and pavement of pathways. Regarding the results obtained, the concrete produced with the SBA and cement CP II E 32 (Group C) had the best mechanical results compared to their respective reference series. Regarding durability, it is possible to say that the use of ash as a partial replacement of sand does not affect the service life of concrete artifacts. It can be also concluded that despite the use of the SBA did not diminish significantly the final value of m3 of concrete, the gain in relation to mechanical performance was higher. On the analysis of the artifact, it can be concluded that the guides produced in this research had sufficient mechanical strength to be demolded, transported and stored before use in the same way that guides conventional precast pavement.
Ergonomia e design no projeto de espaços de trabalho: o balcão de atendimento dos Correios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-16)
Fontes, Andréa Regina Martins
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Menegon, Nilton Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5461487552981919
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4848646681792317
This research, compiled from the theoretical foundation in the areas of Ergonomics and Design, takes as object of study the social process of designing in a postal company, in which aims at producing knowledge and assisting with new project practices in the context of Ergonomics. The problem focused the linkage between Ergonomics, Project, and Use detailed by a social process of designing that highlight the question of how conflict of values are materialized in technical devices from the variables and its demonstration of use. The evaluation of the results, aims at redeeming the relationships between the actors and conflicts of meaning repercussions on the construction of the artifact. There were highlighted the conflict of values (matters relating the actors and their relationships), conflicts of variables (questions relating to the project options and interfaces of communication within the group) and inadequacies of use (questions relating to the quality of the object from its use) as means of social structure analysis, the spaces of this practice and obstacles to its achievement were accentuated. The role of the coordinator of the social process of project as a negotiator and interfaces employed as means of language were highlighted as well. In conclusion, the results of the social process-centric approach in the context of Ergonomics can approximate project and use, integrating in the public sphere the phases of the Ergonomic Work Analysis and designing activities. Considering this, the results of this process is not the materialization of technical devices as an end, but as resources capable to bring flexibility and significance to the activity of work, seeking to perceive and conceive the object in use manifestation, i.e., in its social function, including the different aspects that form it.
Discurso, poder e identidades no Orkut
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-16)
Pisa, Licia Frezza
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Severo, Cristine Gorski
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3566456623347060
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5899604092043283
Because Orkut has gained prominence in recent years and given the scope and the possibilities that the Internet provides and the supposed common idea of democracy as a free space in which anyone can do and say anything, it is necessary to consider to what extent and how power relations and discipline circulate in this spatiality, producing, among other things, identities. The present work aims to investigate how discourses and power circulate and operate in the construction of identities in Orkut, since it is not possible to speak freely in this space, because there are discursive practices delimiting the constitution of identities, which suffer tensions and regulations. It is taken as theoretical foundation the notions of speech, subject and power developed by Michel Foucault. The corpus consists of the tools contained in Orkut that define what one is allowed to say, how one is allowed to circulate, and what one is allowed to be, which are divided into two parts: i) using policies, such as Orkut limits of what can and cannot be said and how the profile is given to move, and ii) profile: filling rules, what users mention about themselves according to the categories already given, how users describe themselves in about me , how they control the access, how it is given the representation by others through the testimony, in addition to the items of friends classification, friends suggestion, popularity and audience. As a result we find that the operation of Orkut gives more strategic power and less by the power law and is a more obvious power that encourages circulation. Along with the powers, the identity is carried constituted on Orkut to be seen as a set of subjectivities, trademarks, indications of consumption for the cultural industry.
Os grupos de comercialização de etanol na região centro-sul do Brasil: uma análise das governanças em rede no elo indústria-distribuição
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-16)
Marques, Dalton Siqueira Pitta
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Paulillo, Luiz Fernando de Oriani e
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9919942357089937
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6878685558677697
Ethanol as fuel has an important role in the brazilian energy matrix and, recently, it has played a leading role in worldwide discussions on fuels alternative to oil. In Brazil, the ethanol industry comes from a period of major changes, caused by the deregulation of this same industry in the end of the 1990 s. These changes caused an impact on the forms in which business transactions between ethanol manufacturers and ethanol distributors were made, and the period immediately after the deregulation was marked by price competition between these two agents, rendering a result which was extremely favorable to the distributors. One of the effects of this deregulation was the consolidation of the strategy adopted by the ethanol manufacturers, which involves the formation of trading groups. The horizontal association of the companies, with a certain level of articulation and shared use of services and information, provides evidence of the existence of networks for the governance of the transactions between the ethanol manufacturers and the fuel distributors. However, there are still some coordination problems, which may reduce the cohesion and the bargaining power of this industry in the transactions with the distributors. In this context, this thesis has the purpose of showing the forms of organization of the ethanol trading groups and their governance mechanisms built to improve their bargaining conditions with the distributors. In order to really analyze if trading groups are a network governance structure, this work will use the theoretical basis of Industrial Economics, Transaction Cost Economics and Networks. In this last item, this work will approach the concept of cohesion. As a research method, the author used qualitative and exploratory initial research, followed by a multiple case study, in which the relations between manufacturers, trading groups and distributors are studied. It was possible to conclude that trading groups characterize network governance in the transactions between ethanol manufacturers and distributors, which made possible for them to balance the power game between manufacturers and distributors. Groups with different legal constitutions and forms of organization result in a multifaceted governance. This also reflects on the relevant factors of the cohesion, which range from shared values and equivalent size of companies, in one group, to reputation and power of its members in the other group. Finally, it was possible to observe that, although there are opportunistic behaviors of some agents, which may harm this cohesion, most associates are committed to their groups, which is illustrated by the positive attitude of manufacturers and the desire to enhance the relationship.
Géis superabsorventes de propionato acetato de celulose e acetato de celulose: síntese, caracterização e liberação controlada de pesticida
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-16)
Dantas, Patrícia Allue
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Fraceto, Leonardo Fernandes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4741480538883395
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Botaro, Vagner Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2907189124654066
Hydrogels derived from cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) and cellulose acetate (CA) were synthesized with the cross-linking agents PMDA (Pyromellitic Dianhydride) and BTDA (Dianhydride 3, 3 ', 4, 4' Benzophenone Tetracarboxylated) with 3:1 stoichiometry in relation to the mass of the crosslinker agent x mass of available hydroxyls in the polymer chain. The gels were obtained in the form of films and particles, the raw materials were characterized with Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Spectroscopy in Region of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and in relation to the degree of substitution (GS). The gels synthesized were characterized using FTIR techniques in order to show the esterification, TGA and DSC to perform comparative analysis and study of thermal properties between the CAP and CA reagents and gels, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used for observation of the gels synthesized and the geometry of the particles obtained, the porosity of observation and observation of surface changes, was performed to determine the crosslinking density of the second theory of Flory Rehner, study the density of the gels, and degree of swelling of the study best solvent for swelling of the gels. Gels derived from CAP were tested in the adsorption studies and controlled release of the herbicide paraquat. For the phenomenon of controlled release, we studied the phenomena of transport and release curves. The release profiles were studied by using the mathematical model published by Korsmeyer-Peppas and the mainly results has showed that model was appropriated for process data analysis of controlled release in long periods.
A nomeação como procedimento de constituição da identidade negra nos discursos sociais e nos documentos oficiais do Estado: um silenciamento da miscigenação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-16)
Luz, Marcelo Giovannetti Ferreira
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Silva, Soeli Maria Schreiber da
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8794598988783452
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1026775694153077
This thesis, titled Naming as a procedure for setting up of black identity in social discourse and official documents of the State: a silencing of miscigenation, aims to analyse the formation of a new black identity in modern society, due to the clustering of mixed identities, which are mulatto, cafuzo, among many others arising from the cultural mix in which Brazil went on, and pass overall these years of its existence. Therefore, we sought to examine how the imposition of new ways of naming these individuals produce a movement towards its identity, which is misplaced in the sense of being subsumed by the black identity. Therefore, we analysed the procedures for rewriting, in order to examine how these names are rewritten in oficial state documents and interviews we have collected about black identity in magazines aimed at black audiences, such as Raça Brasil. Furthermore, we understand the movement of meaning of these identities in oficial documents as A Cartilha do Politicamente Correto, o Estatuto da Igualdade Racial and some dictionaries circulating more frequently in society, as well as electronic enciclopedias that have a much greater access than the common dictionaries for they are available on the network. As a way to check the directions that some meanings move in such speeches, we analyse the discoursive memory that these lexicons have, when circulating in certain areas regulated by specific ways of saying, therefore, we understand their production since the arrival of Europeans to Brazil and his contact with the native, naming him according a memory typically Eurocentric, and the appointment of Africans, which produces effects of meaning that will be recollected in later events. As a central event that causes our studies, we have the discussions about the deployment of ethnic and racial quotas for admission to public universities in Brazil. Such event gives rise to new meanings about the black as well as directions that will be recollected, such as prejudice, and others will be deleted, as the mixing of cultures. Thus, we can see that there is a policy of silence on certain names, preventing the subjects designated by other places to occupy another places to say, banning this subjects-positions in society that is regarded as democratic one.
Migrações de trabalhadores maranhenses para o corte da cana-de-açúcar no interior do Estado de São Paulo: o percurso da "precisão"
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-17)
Pontes, Sabrina Kelly
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Alves, Francisco José da Costa
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9183120186518337
The end of the 90's was characterized in relation to the migration process bringing new elements. Among them, the impossibility of reproducing small family farms caused by the expulsion process. In this context, workers from Maranhão became the new actors, with workers from Minas Gerais and Bahia, and migrates to the state of São Paulo to work on cutting sugar cane. With this mind the objective of the thesis is to show that workers from distants regions of the country, specifically from Maranhão, are migrating to cut the cane in São Paulo, from the late 1990's? One hypothesis is that the Brazilian government has a participations in the migration of these workers by "promote" the process of expulsion through the adoption of agrobusiness as a development strategy of the country, besides the growth of the sugarcane industry after the 1990s mainly in the state of São Paulo. The used methodology is based on intensive literature review, using indicators of IBGE, Agricultural Census and official numbers showing that there is a crisis in the agricultural falmily on the state of Maranhão, and a study case of workers from Maranhão. It is conclude that, the migration of Maranhão, as pointed out earlier studies, it is not based on temporary wage as a means of keeping the family production unit, but in this case, migration is meant to keep the family unit. In these, cases the wage became definitive, because the process of expulsion and the politicies of Maranhão do not give condition to these small farmers, strengthening and making effective the migratory process.
Processamento e caracterização de cerâmicas transparentes do sistema ferroelétrico PMN-PT dopado com lantânio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-17)
Badillo, Fernando Andrés Londoño
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Garcia, Ducinei
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5236758856687873
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6266238277645440
In this work, one of the goals was the stabilization and/or optimization of the perovskita phase in the (Pb,La)(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3+PbTiO3 (PLMN-PT) e Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3+PbTiO3+La2O3 (PMN-PT:La) powders in order to obtain ceramics with appropriate quality for optical applications. The stabilization of the system studied here was possible by the use of oxygen atmosphere in the powder calcinations process and densification process. Secundary phases, smaller to 5% and until 0% for the calcined powders and the densified pellets respectively were archived. After being given the best calcinations conditions, the pellets were conventionally and uniaxially hot pressing densified on oxygen atmosphere. For all the ceramics were performed structural, micro structural, and electrical characterizations. Comparisons between the systems studied (PLMN-PT and PMNPT: La) and between the densified processes used (conventionally and uniaxial hot pressing) were performed for all PT concentration. Relationship between vacancies and PT concentration were determined from measurements realized. Excellent properties were found for all the ceramics, as such, homogeneous microstructure, high density, free secondary phases and electrical properties as the reported in the literature. Light transmission (from visible to near infrared) was observed in ceramics obtained by uniaxil hot pressing. Electro-óptical characterization in function of frequency and temperature unprecedented were performed for all the transparent ceramics using the dynamic method Senarmont. Finally, electro-optics coefficient ideal for technological applications, this being, a clear sign of the excellent quality of the ceramics obtained in this work.
Propriedades fotoluminescentes do CuMoO4
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-19)
Santos, Valdemir dos
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Longo, Elson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1070760903014158
In this study, CuMoO4 were synthesized, characterized and crystallized into powders in two structures: monoclinic and triclinic. CuMoO4 powder were synthesized by precipitation, and the reaction s pH were controlled due to the importance of pH in the process of development CuMoO4. The powder was processed at 140°C at different times in hydrothermal assisted by microwave irradiation, it is possible to prepare materials that have different structure organization degrees. The structural and morphologic properties of these materials were analyzed through X ray diffraction, transmission electronic microscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy and zeta potential, among anothers. Using those techniques, it was possible to observe the pH s influence in the solution and its reflex in the structural development, where there are two differents structures competing in solution (Triclinic and Monoclinic). The structural organization leads the mechanisms of FL by its cluster position (order disorder). The evolution of the structural disorder at short range was controlled by using the HM, and its reflexes could be observed in the FL. The photoluminescent emissions in blue and red were attributed to clusters [Mo4] and [MO6] and its space position, which were modified by HM. The difference between the emission maxima and minimal was assigned to distinct photoemission mechanisms that are related to the electronic structure of these materials
O processo de industrialização chinesa: uma visão sistêmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-19)
Milaré, Luís Felipe Lopes
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Diegues Junior, Antonio Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0594188577645269
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8461221709061694
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Chadarevian, Pedro Caldas
The main objective of this dissertation is to present an interpretation of the Chinese industrialization and to show how China was able to transform its productive structure. To do so, first it is presented the bases of the industrialization process: the Mao Zedong s era (1949-1976). We argue that the economic reforms introduced by Mao Tsé-Tung helped underpin the success obtained by Deng Xiaoping after 1978 (the period of greater dynamism). After that, we analyze the most dynamic period of the Chinese economy: Deng Xiaoping s reforms. We argue that the great growth experienced in this period was motivated by very high State investments. The fast industrialization was based in a strategy of Governmental autonomy; indirect control of the productive and financial structure; and planning of solid industrial policies. Finally we make a detailed analysis of the transformation of the Chinese industrial structure. Through this analysis we see that the Chinese industrial structure has advanced to more dynamic and complex segments more intensive in technology. Thus, we conclude that the Chinese strategy of industrialization was based on autonomy, planning and control with State leadership which allowed them to transform its industrial structure. This transformation was stimulated by high investments that speeded China s industrial catching-up.
Evolução molecular, análise multilocus e diferenciação entre espécies do grupo fraterculus (Diptera, Tephritidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-19)
Lima, André Luís Andrade
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Brito, Reinaldo Alves de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8253066295947754
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1981887385414775
The Tephritidae includes approximately 4500 species described to date and many of these species make up the main genera of economic importance: Anastrepha, Bactrocera and Ceratitis. The genus Anastrepha is among the Tephritidae with greatest diversity in the Americas including 230 described species, among which some species with great economic importance because they represent important fruit pests. There is evidence that species in the fraterculus group have diverged recently, even having some cryptic species. Because of this, species in the fraterculus group are a great system for evolutionary studies. For evolutionary studies, it is necessary to evaluate the rates of molecular evolution and their role in identifying rates of gene flow and population differentiation, the construction of tree species and a possible separation for the species. Seeking a better understanding of the fraterculus group, we chose three species of this group, Anastrepha obliqua, A. fraterculus and A. sororcula as models for this study and five genes isolated from a cDNA library of reproductive tissues of Anastrepha. Several genes that are expressed in reproductive tissues have a higher divergence rate THAN those expressed in non-reproductive tissues, may thus give evidence of reproductive isolation. In this work, we found evidence of positive diversifying and positive selection for a couple of genes (CG11912 and CG10031), and high levels of polymorphism, although they failed to meet statistical significance for positive selection, in other genes here studied, such as ,Lcp65Ac and CG16712, whereas Df31 was more conserved. An analysis of molecular variance found that levels of genetic polymorphism are best explained by differences between species THAN between geographic regions. Haplotype networks for each gene failed to differentiate the species here studied and showed high levels of shared polymorphism among the species, with some rare exceptions. On the other hand, a joint analysis of these data to try to infer a species tree indicate a strong cohesion for populations of A. obliqua from the Brazilian Northeast and Southeast while for A. fraterculus and A. sororcula we observed a substructure that separated Southeeast populations of A. sororcula, which was well defined, from Northeast populations, which may be hybridizing with populations of A. fraterculus from the Northeast, due to great number of shared polymorphisms. Other THAN populations in the Brazilian northeast, A. fraterculus also forms a separate, though short, lineage. Considering these findings, a broader sampling is needed, especially in areas not yet collected particularly in the Northeast, seeking to untangle the phylogenetic relationships not only among these species, but also other species of the fraterculus group.
Música e movimento negro: em direção à diáspora
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-19)
Silveira, Dener Santos
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Silvério, Valter Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1233082655204579
Repercussões do treinamento resistido periodizado e destreinamento sobre o perfil funcional de mulheres idosas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-19)
Oliveira, João Carlos de
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Perez, Sergio Eduardo de Andrade
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9408953831211309
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7208666542619125
Proposed in the middle 80's from the concepts of "classic" periodization sports training, the periodization of resistance training (PER) has become popular in recent years. The concept of the PER refers as planned and systematic variation of the volume and intensity of strength training (ST), although other acute variables of manipulated. The model consists of 3-4 phases of adaptation during a training program. Initially, the PER was developed to meet the need for enhancement of athlete performance. However, the PER has been used in different populations with very different goals than originally proposed. Thus, this is critical review of a literature, the challenge of understanding the PER not only as a variant or a component epistemological sports training, but as a strategy to affect the physiology as whole, with special attention in the elderly people. A total of 20 manuscripts were included this review. Six publications met the inclusion criteria. Altogether 179 subjects, men and women above 60 years were investigated. It was observed that the PER in the models linear (LP) or non-linear (UP) result in significant improvement in muscular strength capacity. The elderly of both genders were benefited to preservation of functional capacity, improvements in muscular function, and activities of daily living. However, it is not possible to determine which model of periodization is more efficient. Despite of increasing popularization of the PER, few studies have examined the effects of periodized training in the older adult. It takes more information about the comparative efficiency of different intensity and at different volumes in the periodization training approaches.
Evolução cromossômica na família Erythrinidae. Mapeamento citogenético de DNAs repetitivos e microdissecção de cromossomos sexuais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-19)
Cioffi, Marcelo de Bello
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Bertollo, Luiz Antonio Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0242034365085727
The fishes from the Erythrinidae family present a wide karyotypic variation with several karyomorphs already identified for some species, including the presence of different sex chromosome systems. In Erythrinus erythrinus a well-differentiated X1X2Y system occurs in karyomorph D, as well as undifferentiated sex chromosomes in other karyomorphs of this species. In Hoplias malabaricus, single and multiple sex chromosome systems, as well as undifferentiated, can also be found. Among these, there is a well-differentiated XY system in karyomorph B, a nascent XY system in karyomorph C and a X1X2Y system in karyomorph D. The purpose of this thesis was to analyze the genomic differentiation occurred between E. erythrinus and H. malabaricus karyomorphs, with a particular focus on the sex chromosomes. To this end, besides the classical chromosomal analysis, repetitive DNA sequences and microdissected sex chromosomes were used as probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) procedures. The evolutionary pathways for the sex chromosome systems of H. malabaricus and E. erythrinus karyomorphs were investigated. Allopatric populations of E. erythrinus karyomorphs A and D were analyzed and showed significant differences in relation to their karyotypes, where chromosomal rearrangements and genomic changes stood out as significant events during the evolutionary process. The genomic dispersion of transposable elements Rex3 associated with the 5S ribosomal DNA, as well as the differentiation of a multiple X1X2Y sex chromosome system were prominent events in the differentiation of karyomorph D. The role of repetitive elements in the process of differentiation of sex chromosomes was also analyzed. In this sense, we performed a comparative study of the distribution of twelve microsatellites (mono-, di-and trinucleotide) in the XY and X1X2Y systems, present in karyomorphs B and D of H. malabaricus, respectively. The differential distribution of microsatellites along the chromosomes in both systems were demonstrated, possibly as a direct reflection of their modes of origin, with a significant accumulation of repeats on the X chromosome of the XY system, in contrast to that found in the X1X2Y sex chromosomes system. The processes acting in the differentiation of sex chromosomes are not yet completely understood. However, the accumulation of repetitive DNA sequences may represent an early step in the differentiation of simple sex chromosomes systems (XY and ZW), highlighting the role of these sequences in their differentiation, and contributing to the reduction of recombination between the undifferentiated ancestor sex pair. On the other hand, in multiple systems, the chromosomal rearrangements implicated in the origin of these systems, appear to represent the primary factors responsible for the reduction of recombination without the need for additional genomic modifications. The comparative mapping of different repetitive DNA sequences in meiotic and mitotic chromosomes pointed for an independent differentiation process of the X1X2Y sex chromosomes in E. erythrinus and H. malabaricus. Additionally, sex chromosomes probes, isolated by microdissection, were used in experiments of whole chromosome painting (wcp), proving to be a powerful tool for the study of sex chromosomes evolution. It was shown that the chromosomes of the X1X2Y system have evolved independently in H. malabaricus and E. erythrinus where different autosomes were firstly converted to a slightly different XY sex pair in each species, followed by dinstinct chromosomal rearrangements in the origin of these systems. In turn, the chromosome painting also showed the independent origin for the XY system of H. malabaricus karyomorphs B and C. Again, distinct autosomal pairs present in the ancestor karyomorphs were converted into the XY chromosomes, now present in karyomorphs B and C. It has been well characterized the direct relationship between the XY system of karyomorph C and the origin of the X1X2Y system present in karyomorph D. Thus, even between congeneric species (E. erythrinus and H. malabaricus), as well as between karyomorphs of the same nominal species (H. malabaricus), the sex chromosomes have evolved independently, demonstrating the great plasticity of this evolutionary process in fishes.
O enfermeiro como facilitador de processos de educação permanente em saúde: fronteiras e perspectivas da atuação profissional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-19)
Pinto, Mary Cristina Ribeiro Lacôrte Ramos
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Ogata, Márcia Niituma
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3274294833403570
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4604397819713961
The object of the research was the inclusion of nurses in the educational processes that occur in the Family Health Strategy (ESF), adopted at the reorganization of the Primary Health Care in Brazi. The Permanent Education in Health (EPS) is presented as a management tool, providing analysis and reconfiguration of work processes in mind the principles of the Unified Health System (SUS). There are different references ordering the educational practices of nurses responsible for conducting formal educational measures regarding nursing teams and community health agents (ACS). The objective was to examine how nurses are included in the educational processes that occur in the ESF, to identify their perception on the EPS and the tools used in their educational practice, and analyzing domestic production on the educational processes developed with teams of nurses, the the grounds of EPS. An review of literature and qualitative research approach was conducted and semistructured interviews with nine nurses who work in the ESF in five municipalities of São Paulo State was also conducted. The interpreted the data from thematic categorical analysis, resulted in: Family Health means prevention, the centrality of the nurse coordinating the work with the family health: strengthening the division in the work and education process, Education tutoring and / or Chief without educating and the EPS and the family on health: real or virtual? The results showed that review of educational activities are not consistent with the EPS, which educational processes are characterized by thematic technical contemplating the needs of workers, however, also point to the absence of answers to everyday problems. The interview results showed that the nurses to attend to family health means conducting educational activities in preventive logic / programming, emphasizing the importance of home visits and SUS. The nurses remain linked to the coordination and organization of work, ignoring the self-sufficiency and self-management of each professional and strengthening technical and social division on the team. They also carry out educational activities with employees, but do not conceive to be their assignment and do not consider themselves able to do so. The educational actions are reproduced as the transmission of knowledge and privilege the SUS instead of the nursering, responsible for the curative dimensions of care. Nurses don't know the concept of EPS and use its own tools of traditional banking education, though occasionally also employ so inadequate inherent in the EPS tools. It is concluded that the PEH did not acquire concreteness to the nurses and daily life of ESF in the setting of research, although there are nuances of attitudes and judgments consistent with it. It is considered the relevance of investment to ensure the continuity of the embryonic and evolutionary accomplishment of the EPS in the ESF and SUS.