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Os instrumentos do trabalho rural como testemunhos da modernização agrícola e do desenvolvimento socioeconômico do estado de São Paulo
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-16) Silva, Joana Casturina da; Costa, Luzia Sigoli Fernandes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8110248272001369; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9199368340707819
The record of the memory of a time is an invaluable asset that can help us understand the past be aware of this and outline prospects for the future. But little is said about the memory of the technologies, doing agricultural or farming practices such as memory space. Thus, the purpose of this study is based on the search and systematization of records of agricultural modernization in the State of Sao Paulo and its impact on socioeconomic development, therefore raising the rescue of the memory usage of agricultural equipment, such as animal traction and tractor. The survey attempted to compare the use of animal traction and mechanization in 1960 and 2007/2008, according to agricultural census prepared by IBGE and the LUPA project, the Secretary of Agriculture of the State of São Paulo, being the last survey agriculture in the country. The aim of this research was to show that over the decades, preserving the use of animal traction technique has not received the attention and is not registering memory spaces in Brazil, nor the State of São Paulo, discussed in this universe research on its history, in a systemic way, year after year, allowing a comparative study. The survey noted that there is abundant literature on the study of the heritage buildings, historic farms, but nothing that represents the agricultural history in its entirety. There are specific initiatives to create spaces of memory, many of which could not ensure its implementation, for lack of replies to messages sent asking for confirmation or otherwise of the venture. The research outlined a scenario of the origin, the use of animal traction in agriculture, the emphasis in the 1980s recorded on the return of the technique encouraged, including government programs, the introduction of modernization, symbolized by the use of tractor, importance of preserving the memory for building spaces that preserve the agricultural history, with suggestion of establishment of this area in San Carlos, interior of São Paulo, where Brazilian tractor Company (CBT) produced the first fully national tractor. In this study CBT is represented with a separate topic, the importance of the company in the history of mechanization in the country. The survey also brings some attachments that help you understand which municipalities of São Paulo animal traction and tractor tire track and was used more in the years 1960 and 2007/2008.
Utilização da cinza do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar como agregado miúdo em concretos para artefatos de infraestrutura urbana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-16) Bessa, Sofia Araújo Lima; Sales, Almir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7377787166073311; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1142385823563089
Brazil is the main sugarcane world-producer and it is the leader in all segments (sugarcane, sugar and alcohol). The waste consisting of sugarcane bagasse is produced at the end of grinding process and it is used to generate energy through burning in boilers. At the end of burning, the ashes of bagasse are often thrown into environment improperly. In this context, the Construction Industry is a sector in which the incorporation of a couple of wastes is propitious, whereas applications of construction materials properties are considered. This research is justified by the need of assess the possibility of use of sugarcane bagasse ash in construction products, especially given its large volume. Used like raw material, the waste would no longer be the primary cause of problems related to public health and the environment. The goal of this research was to analyze the sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA) as a substitute for fine aggregate in concretes and mortars directed to the production of artifacts for the urban infrastructure. The SBA samples were collected in sugar and alcohol mills in the state of São Paulo and, then, they were characterized by physical and chemical tests. The SBA was used in cement mortars with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 50% and 100% substitution levels. After the mechanical tests, the 30% and 50% levels of SBA were chosen for the study and production of concretes, which were evaluated through dosage studies, mechanical and durability tests, and economical and environment studies for SBA like a substitution of sand. The artifact chosen for analysis was a concrete curb (dimensions 1,00 x 0,15 x 0,30 m) that was used for drainage and pavement of pathways. Regarding the results obtained, the concrete produced with the SBA and cement CP II E 32 (Group C) had the best mechanical results compared to their respective reference series. Regarding durability, it is possible to say that the use of ash as a partial replacement of sand does not affect the service life of concrete artifacts. It can be also concluded that despite the use of the SBA did not diminish significantly the final value of m3 of concrete, the gain in relation to mechanical performance was higher. On the analysis of the artifact, it can be concluded that the guides produced in this research had sufficient mechanical strength to be demolded, transported and stored before use in the same way that guides conventional precast pavement.
Os grupos de comercialização de etanol na região centro-sul do Brasil: uma análise das governanças em rede no elo indústria-distribuição
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-16) Marques, Dalton Siqueira Pitta; Paulillo, Luiz Fernando de Oriani e; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9919942357089937; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6878685558677697
Ethanol as fuel has an important role in the brazilian energy matrix and, recently, it has played a leading role in worldwide discussions on fuels alternative to oil. In Brazil, the ethanol industry comes from a period of major changes, caused by the deregulation of this same industry in the end of the 1990 s. These changes caused an impact on the forms in which business transactions between ethanol manufacturers and ethanol distributors were made, and the period immediately after the deregulation was marked by price competition between these two agents, rendering a result which was extremely favorable to the distributors. One of the effects of this deregulation was the consolidation of the strategy adopted by the ethanol manufacturers, which involves the formation of trading groups. The horizontal association of the companies, with a certain level of articulation and shared use of services and information, provides evidence of the existence of networks for the governance of the transactions between the ethanol manufacturers and the fuel distributors. However, there are still some coordination problems, which may reduce the cohesion and the bargaining power of this industry in the transactions with the distributors. In this context, this thesis has the purpose of showing the forms of organization of the ethanol trading groups and their governance mechanisms built to improve their bargaining conditions with the distributors. In order to really analyze if trading groups are a network governance structure, this work will use the theoretical basis of Industrial Economics, Transaction Cost Economics and Networks. In this last item, this work will approach the concept of cohesion. As a research method, the author used qualitative and exploratory initial research, followed by a multiple case study, in which the relations between manufacturers, trading groups and distributors are studied. It was possible to conclude that trading groups characterize network governance in the transactions between ethanol manufacturers and distributors, which made possible for them to balance the power game between manufacturers and distributors. Groups with different legal constitutions and forms of organization result in a multifaceted governance. This also reflects on the relevant factors of the cohesion, which range from shared values and equivalent size of companies, in one group, to reputation and power of its members in the other group. Finally, it was possible to observe that, although there are opportunistic behaviors of some agents, which may harm this cohesion, most associates are committed to their groups, which is illustrated by the positive attitude of manufacturers and the desire to enhance the relationship.
Ergonomia e design no projeto de espaços de trabalho: o balcão de atendimento dos Correios
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-16) Fontes, Andréa Regina Martins; Menegon, Nilton Luiz; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5461487552981919; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4848646681792317
This research, compiled from the theoretical foundation in the areas of Ergonomics and Design, takes as object of study the social process of designing in a postal company, in which aims at producing knowledge and assisting with new project practices in the context of Ergonomics. The problem focused the linkage between Ergonomics, Project, and Use detailed by a social process of designing that highlight the question of how conflict of values are materialized in technical devices from the variables and its demonstration of use. The evaluation of the results, aims at redeeming the relationships between the actors and conflicts of meaning repercussions on the construction of the artifact. There were highlighted the conflict of values (matters relating the actors and their relationships), conflicts of variables (questions relating to the project options and interfaces of communication within the group) and inadequacies of use (questions relating to the quality of the object from its use) as means of social structure analysis, the spaces of this practice and obstacles to its achievement were accentuated. The role of the coordinator of the social process of project as a negotiator and interfaces employed as means of language were highlighted as well. In conclusion, the results of the social process-centric approach in the context of Ergonomics can approximate project and use, integrating in the public sphere the phases of the Ergonomic Work Analysis and designing activities. Considering this, the results of this process is not the materialization of technical devices as an end, but as resources capable to bring flexibility and significance to the activity of work, seeking to perceive and conceive the object in use manifestation, i.e., in its social function, including the different aspects that form it.
Discurso, poder e identidades no Orkut
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-16) Pisa, Licia Frezza; Severo, Cristine Gorski; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3566456623347060; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5899604092043283
Because Orkut has gained prominence in recent years and given the scope and the possibilities that the Internet provides and the supposed common idea of democracy as a free space in which anyone can do and say anything, it is necessary to consider to what extent and how power relations and discipline circulate in this spatiality, producing, among other things, identities. The present work aims to investigate how discourses and power circulate and operate in the construction of identities in Orkut, since it is not possible to speak freely in this space, because there are discursive practices delimiting the constitution of identities, which suffer tensions and regulations. It is taken as theoretical foundation the notions of speech, subject and power developed by Michel Foucault. The corpus consists of the tools contained in Orkut that define what one is allowed to say, how one is allowed to circulate, and what one is allowed to be, which are divided into two parts: i) using policies, such as Orkut limits of what can and cannot be said and how the profile is given to move, and ii) profile: filling rules, what users mention about themselves according to the categories already given, how users describe themselves in about me , how they control the access, how it is given the representation by others through the testimony, in addition to the items of friends classification, friends suggestion, popularity and audience. As a result we find that the operation of Orkut gives more strategic power and less by the power law and is a more obvious power that encourages circulation. Along with the powers, the identity is carried constituted on Orkut to be seen as a set of subjectivities, trademarks, indications of consumption for the cultural industry.
Avaliação de testes diagnósticos na ausência de padrão ouro considerando relaxamento da suposição de independência condicional, covariáveis e estratificação da população: uma abordagem bayesiana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-16) Pereira, Gilberto de Araujo; Louzada Neto, Francisco; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0994050156415890; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8876450664255918
The application of a gold standard reference test in all or part of the sample under investigation is often not feasible for the majority of diseases affecting humans, either by a lack of consensus on which testing may be considered a gold standard, the high level of invasion of the gold standard technique, the high cost of financially large-scale application, or by ethical questions, so to know the performance of existing tests is essential for the process of diagnosis of these diseases. In statistical modeling aimed to obtain robust estimates of the prevalence of the disease (x ) and the performance parameters of diagnostic tests (sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp)), various strategies have been considered such as the stratification of the population, the relaxation of the assumption of conditional independence, the inclusion of covariates, the verification type (partial or total) and the techniques to replace the gold standard. In this thesis we propose a new structure of stratification of the population considering both the prevalence rates and the parameters of test performance among the different strata (EHW). A Bayesian latent class modeling to estimate these parameters was developed for the general case of K diagnostic tests under investigation, relaxation of the assumption of conditional independence according to the formulations of the fixed effect (FECD) and random (RECD) with dependent order (h _ k) and M covariates. The application of models to two data sets about the performance evaluation of diagnostic tests used in screening for Chagas disease in blood donors showed results consistent with the sensitivity studies. Overall, we observed for the structure of stratification proposal (EHW) superior performance and estimates closer to the nominal values when compared to the structure of stratification when only the prevalence rates are different between the strata (HW), even when we consider data set with rates of Se, Sp and x close among the strata. Generally, the structure of latent class, when we have low or high prevalence of the disease, estimates of sensitivity and specificity rates have higher standard errors. However, in these cases, when there is high concordance of positive or negative results of the tests, the error pattern of these estimates are reduced. Regardless of the structure of stratification (EHW, HW), sample size and the different scenarios used to model the prior information, the model of conditional dependency from the FECD and RECD had, from the information criteria (AIC, BIC and DIC), superior performance to the structure of conditional independence (CI) and to FECD with improved performance and estimates closer to the nominal values. Besides the connection logit, derived from the logistic distribution with symmetrical shape, find in the link GEV, derived from the generalized extreme value distribution which accommodates symmetric and asymmetric shapes, a interesting alternative to construct the conditional dependence structure from the RECD. As an alternative to the problem of identifiability, present in this type of model, the criteria adopted to elicit the informative priors by combining descriptive analysis of data, adjustment models from simpler structures, were able to produce estimates with low standard error and very close to the nominal values.
Validação do diagnóstico de enfermagem recuperação cirúrgica retardada
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-16) Appoloni, Aline Helena; Napoleão, Anamaria Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8539664594837249; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9804415222026713
The postoperative period requires the nursing team to be prepared to deal with possible specific complications. The precision of the nursing diagnosis during that period is essential for ensuring an effective and decisive care plan. The postoperative recovery may be changed, causing it to be delayed and, therefore, to require specific nursing intervention. The human response is represented by NANDA-I, through the Delayed Surgical Recovery (DSR) diagnosis. Based on the analysis of the elements of the DSR diagnosis, the possibility of gaps may be considered, especially gaps that are related to the defining characteristics (DC) and the related factors (RF). This study aimed at analyzing the concept and validation (by experts) of the Delayed Surgical Recovery nursing diagnosis, which is proposed by NANDA-I. That is a descriptive validation study of a nursing diagnosis, based on the model that was proposed by Hoskins. A bibliographical review was accomplished on LILACS, PubMed, CINAHL and Cochrane Library databases, in order to select studies that are related to the theme, for to ground the concept analysis, performed according to the Walker and Avant model, which describe an investigation process on basic elements of an eight-step concept. Fifty-seven studies were elected to conduct the concept analysis. Posteriorly, a content validation of the nursing diagnosis was made according to the Fehring model, in which the opinion of experts is surveyed, regarding the adequacy of the DSR nursing diagnosis. The DSR concept is found to be used in medicine, followed by nursing, psychology, social service, speech therapy, nutrition and physical therapy. DSR is usually discussed in relation to the deterioration of physical, psychological and social functioning interrelationship of patients and their relatives. The identified main defining attributes were: impaired ability to walk, need for help to perform daily activities, difficulty in performing selfcare, difficulty in reassuming social roles, persistent fatigue, necessity of a longer time for recovery, and others. Among the identified background items, there were: pain, anxiety, negative experiences on previous surgeries, infection, and others. The main consequences were: rehospitalization, prolonged hospitalization, depression, and others. Given the concept analysis data, some modifications on the enunciation and definition of DSR diagnosis were suggested, as well as some modifications on the Defining Characteristics (among them: delays the return to social activities and persistent pain ), and some suggestions for including DC (such as need for help to perform daily activities , cardiovascular and pulmonary problems ). The inclusion of Related Factors as advanced age , problems arising from anesthesia and presence of comorbidities were also suggested. The elements of the nursing diagnosis and the proposed modifications after the concept analysis were subjected to the review of 45 experts. As a result, changes were made on the diagnosis enunciation text which was modified to Postoperative Delayed Recovery. The nursing diagnosis definition text was changed to extension of the number of days of mediate or delayed postoperative to resume activities that sustain life, health and welfare , validation of the DC proposed by NANDA-I, modification of the DC text, such as Delays the return to social work, job, familiar, study, religious activities, etc. , Loss of appetite , Postoperative persistent pain and Persistent fatigue . Yet, it was possible to add six DCs for suggestion to be included in the Nursing Diagnosis of NANDA-I need for help to perform daily activities , Cardiovascular problems and Pulmonary problems were the ones that received the highest scores. As for the RF, all the ones that were presented by NANDA-I were validated and seven new RF were suggested to be included. Among the ones that received the highest scores by the experts are: Problems arising from anesthesia , Presence of comorbidities , Compromised nutritional conditions and Advanced age . The identified results offer the possibility of reviewing the DSR diagnosis by NANDA-I, contributing to knowledge about postoperative period and, consequently providing a better quality of nursing care to surgical patients who experience delayed recovery.
Géis superabsorventes de propionato acetato de celulose e acetato de celulose: síntese, caracterização e liberação controlada de pesticida
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-16) Dantas, Patrícia Allue; Fraceto, Leonardo Fernandes; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4741480538883395; Botaro, Vagner Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2907189124654066; Caraschi, José Cláudio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5729302235544407; Waldman, Walter Ruggeri; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0616238673458322
Hydrogels derived from cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) and cellulose acetate (CA) were synthesized with the cross-linking agents PMDA (Pyromellitic Dianhydride) and BTDA (Dianhydride 3, 3 ', 4, 4' Benzophenone Tetracarboxylated) with 3:1 stoichiometry in relation to the mass of the crosslinker agent x mass of available hydroxyls in the polymer chain. The gels were obtained in the form of films and particles, the raw materials were characterized with Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Spectroscopy in Region of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and in relation to the degree of substitution (GS). The gels synthesized were characterized using FTIR techniques in order to show the esterification, TGA and DSC to perform comparative analysis and study of thermal properties between the CAP and CA reagents and gels, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used for observation of the gels synthesized and the geometry of the particles obtained, the porosity of observation and observation of surface changes, was performed to determine the crosslinking density of the second theory of Flory Rehner, study the density of the gels, and degree of swelling of the study best solvent for swelling of the gels. Gels derived from CAP were tested in the adsorption studies and controlled release of the herbicide paraquat. For the phenomenon of controlled release, we studied the phenomena of transport and release curves. The release profiles were studied by using the mathematical model published by Korsmeyer-Peppas and the mainly results has showed that model was appropriated for process data analysis of controlled release in long periods.
A nomeação como procedimento de constituição da identidade negra nos discursos sociais e nos documentos oficiais do Estado: um silenciamento da miscigenação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-16) Luz, Marcelo Giovannetti Ferreira; Silva, Soeli Maria Schreiber da; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8794598988783452; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1026775694153077
This thesis, titled Naming as a procedure for setting up of black identity in social discourse and official documents of the State: a silencing of miscigenation, aims to analyse the formation of a new black identity in modern society, due to the clustering of mixed identities, which are mulatto, cafuzo, among many others arising from the cultural mix in which Brazil went on, and pass overall these years of its existence. Therefore, we sought to examine how the imposition of new ways of naming these individuals produce a movement towards its identity, which is misplaced in the sense of being subsumed by the black identity. Therefore, we analysed the procedures for rewriting, in order to examine how these names are rewritten in oficial state documents and interviews we have collected about black identity in magazines aimed at black audiences, such as Raça Brasil. Furthermore, we understand the movement of meaning of these identities in oficial documents as A Cartilha do Politicamente Correto, o Estatuto da Igualdade Racial and some dictionaries circulating more frequently in society, as well as electronic enciclopedias that have a much greater access than the common dictionaries for they are available on the network. As a way to check the directions that some meanings move in such speeches, we analyse the discoursive memory that these lexicons have, when circulating in certain areas regulated by specific ways of saying, therefore, we understand their production since the arrival of Europeans to Brazil and his contact with the native, naming him according a memory typically Eurocentric, and the appointment of Africans, which produces effects of meaning that will be recollected in later events. As a central event that causes our studies, we have the discussions about the deployment of ethnic and racial quotas for admission to public universities in Brazil. Such event gives rise to new meanings about the black as well as directions that will be recollected, such as prejudice, and others will be deleted, as the mixing of cultures. Thus, we can see that there is a policy of silence on certain names, preventing the subjects designated by other places to occupy another places to say, banning this subjects-positions in society that is regarded as democratic one.