Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2011-12-17"

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Migrações de trabalhadores maranhenses para o corte da cana-de-açúcar no interior do Estado de São Paulo: o percurso da "precisão"
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-17)
Pontes, Sabrina Kelly
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Alves, Francisco José da Costa
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9183120186518337
The end of the 90's was characterized in relation to the migration process bringing new elements. Among them, the impossibility of reproducing small family farms caused by the expulsion process. In this context, workers from Maranhão became the new actors, with workers from Minas Gerais and Bahia, and migrates to the state of São Paulo to work on cutting sugar cane. With this mind the objective of the thesis is to show that workers from distants regions of the country, specifically from Maranhão, are migrating to cut the cane in São Paulo, from the late 1990's? One hypothesis is that the Brazilian government has a participations in the migration of these workers by "promote" the process of expulsion through the adoption of agrobusiness as a development strategy of the country, besides the growth of the sugarcane industry after the 1990s mainly in the state of São Paulo. The used methodology is based on intensive literature review, using indicators of IBGE, Agricultural Census and official numbers showing that there is a crisis in the agricultural falmily on the state of Maranhão, and a study case of workers from Maranhão. It is conclude that, the migration of Maranhão, as pointed out earlier studies, it is not based on temporary wage as a means of keeping the family production unit, but in this case, migration is meant to keep the family unit. In these, cases the wage became definitive, because the process of expulsion and the politicies of Maranhão do not give condition to these small farmers, strengthening and making effective the migratory process.
Processamento e caracterização de cerâmicas transparentes do sistema ferroelétrico PMN-PT dopado com lantânio
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-17)
Badillo, Fernando Andrés Londoño
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Garcia, Ducinei
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5236758856687873
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6266238277645440
In this work, one of the goals was the stabilization and/or optimization of the perovskita phase in the (Pb,La)(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3+PbTiO3 (PLMN-PT) e Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3+PbTiO3+La2O3 (PMN-PT:La) powders in order to obtain ceramics with appropriate quality for optical applications. The stabilization of the system studied here was possible by the use of oxygen atmosphere in the powder calcinations process and densification process. Secundary phases, smaller to 5% and until 0% for the calcined powders and the densified pellets respectively were archived. After being given the best calcinations conditions, the pellets were conventionally and uniaxially hot pressing densified on oxygen atmosphere. For all the ceramics were performed structural, micro structural, and electrical characterizations. Comparisons between the systems studied (PLMN-PT and PMNPT: La) and between the densified processes used (conventionally and uniaxial hot pressing) were performed for all PT concentration. Relationship between vacancies and PT concentration were determined from measurements realized. Excellent properties were found for all the ceramics, as such, homogeneous microstructure, high density, free secondary phases and electrical properties as the reported in the literature. Light transmission (from visible to near infrared) was observed in ceramics obtained by uniaxil hot pressing. Electro-óptical characterization in function of frequency and temperature unprecedented were performed for all the transparent ceramics using the dynamic method Senarmont. Finally, electro-optics coefficient ideal for technological applications, this being, a clear sign of the excellent quality of the ceramics obtained in this work.
Propriedades fotoluminescentes do CuMoO4
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-19)
Santos, Valdemir dos
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Longo, Elson
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1070760903014158
In this study, CuMoO4 were synthesized, characterized and crystallized into powders in two structures: monoclinic and triclinic. CuMoO4 powder were synthesized by precipitation, and the reaction s pH were controlled due to the importance of pH in the process of development CuMoO4. The powder was processed at 140°C at different times in hydrothermal assisted by microwave irradiation, it is possible to prepare materials that have different structure organization degrees. The structural and morphologic properties of these materials were analyzed through X ray diffraction, transmission electronic microscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy and zeta potential, among anothers. Using those techniques, it was possible to observe the pH s influence in the solution and its reflex in the structural development, where there are two differents structures competing in solution (Triclinic and Monoclinic). The structural organization leads the mechanisms of FL by its cluster position (order disorder). The evolution of the structural disorder at short range was controlled by using the HM, and its reflexes could be observed in the FL. The photoluminescent emissions in blue and red were attributed to clusters [Mo4] and [MO6] and its space position, which were modified by HM. The difference between the emission maxima and minimal was assigned to distinct photoemission mechanisms that are related to the electronic structure of these materials
O processo de industrialização chinesa: uma visão sistêmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-19)
Milaré, Luís Felipe Lopes
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Diegues Junior, Antonio Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0594188577645269
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8461221709061694
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Chadarevian, Pedro Caldas
The main objective of this dissertation is to present an interpretation of the Chinese industrialization and to show how China was able to transform its productive structure. To do so, first it is presented the bases of the industrialization process: the Mao Zedong s era (1949-1976). We argue that the economic reforms introduced by Mao Tsé-Tung helped underpin the success obtained by Deng Xiaoping after 1978 (the period of greater dynamism). After that, we analyze the most dynamic period of the Chinese economy: Deng Xiaoping s reforms. We argue that the great growth experienced in this period was motivated by very high State investments. The fast industrialization was based in a strategy of Governmental autonomy; indirect control of the productive and financial structure; and planning of solid industrial policies. Finally we make a detailed analysis of the transformation of the Chinese industrial structure. Through this analysis we see that the Chinese industrial structure has advanced to more dynamic and complex segments more intensive in technology. Thus, we conclude that the Chinese strategy of industrialization was based on autonomy, planning and control with State leadership which allowed them to transform its industrial structure. This transformation was stimulated by high investments that speeded China s industrial catching-up.
Evolução molecular, análise multilocus e diferenciação entre espécies do grupo fraterculus (Diptera, Tephritidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-19)
Lima, André Luís Andrade
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Brito, Reinaldo Alves de
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8253066295947754
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1981887385414775
The Tephritidae includes approximately 4500 species described to date and many of these species make up the main genera of economic importance: Anastrepha, Bactrocera and Ceratitis. The genus Anastrepha is among the Tephritidae with greatest diversity in the Americas including 230 described species, among which some species with great economic importance because they represent important fruit pests. There is evidence that species in the fraterculus group have diverged recently, even having some cryptic species. Because of this, species in the fraterculus group are a great system for evolutionary studies. For evolutionary studies, it is necessary to evaluate the rates of molecular evolution and their role in identifying rates of gene flow and population differentiation, the construction of tree species and a possible separation for the species. Seeking a better understanding of the fraterculus group, we chose three species of this group, Anastrepha obliqua, A. fraterculus and A. sororcula as models for this study and five genes isolated from a cDNA library of reproductive tissues of Anastrepha. Several genes that are expressed in reproductive tissues have a higher divergence rate THAN those expressed in non-reproductive tissues, may thus give evidence of reproductive isolation. In this work, we found evidence of positive diversifying and positive selection for a couple of genes (CG11912 and CG10031), and high levels of polymorphism, although they failed to meet statistical significance for positive selection, in other genes here studied, such as ,Lcp65Ac and CG16712, whereas Df31 was more conserved. An analysis of molecular variance found that levels of genetic polymorphism are best explained by differences between species THAN between geographic regions. Haplotype networks for each gene failed to differentiate the species here studied and showed high levels of shared polymorphism among the species, with some rare exceptions. On the other hand, a joint analysis of these data to try to infer a species tree indicate a strong cohesion for populations of A. obliqua from the Brazilian Northeast and Southeast while for A. fraterculus and A. sororcula we observed a substructure that separated Southeeast populations of A. sororcula, which was well defined, from Northeast populations, which may be hybridizing with populations of A. fraterculus from the Northeast, due to great number of shared polymorphisms. Other THAN populations in the Brazilian northeast, A. fraterculus also forms a separate, though short, lineage. Considering these findings, a broader sampling is needed, especially in areas not yet collected particularly in the Northeast, seeking to untangle the phylogenetic relationships not only among these species, but also other species of the fraterculus group.
Música e movimento negro: em direção à diáspora
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-19)
Silveira, Dener Santos
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Silvério, Valter Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1233082655204579
Repercussões do treinamento resistido periodizado e destreinamento sobre o perfil funcional de mulheres idosas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-19)
Oliveira, João Carlos de
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Perez, Sergio Eduardo de Andrade
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9408953831211309
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7208666542619125
Proposed in the middle 80's from the concepts of "classic" periodization sports training, the periodization of resistance training (PER) has become popular in recent years. The concept of the PER refers as planned and systematic variation of the volume and intensity of strength training (ST), although other acute variables of manipulated. The model consists of 3-4 phases of adaptation during a training program. Initially, the PER was developed to meet the need for enhancement of athlete performance. However, the PER has been used in different populations with very different goals than originally proposed. Thus, this is critical review of a literature, the challenge of understanding the PER not only as a variant or a component epistemological sports training, but as a strategy to affect the physiology as whole, with special attention in the elderly people. A total of 20 manuscripts were included this review. Six publications met the inclusion criteria. Altogether 179 subjects, men and women above 60 years were investigated. It was observed that the PER in the models linear (LP) or non-linear (UP) result in significant improvement in muscular strength capacity. The elderly of both genders were benefited to preservation of functional capacity, improvements in muscular function, and activities of daily living. However, it is not possible to determine which model of periodization is more efficient. Despite of increasing popularization of the PER, few studies have examined the effects of periodized training in the older adult. It takes more information about the comparative efficiency of different intensity and at different volumes in the periodization training approaches.
Evolução cromossômica na família Erythrinidae. Mapeamento citogenético de DNAs repetitivos e microdissecção de cromossomos sexuais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-19)
Cioffi, Marcelo de Bello
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Bertollo, Luiz Antonio Carlos
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/0242034365085727
The fishes from the Erythrinidae family present a wide karyotypic variation with several karyomorphs already identified for some species, including the presence of different sex chromosome systems. In Erythrinus erythrinus a well-differentiated X1X2Y system occurs in karyomorph D, as well as undifferentiated sex chromosomes in other karyomorphs of this species. In Hoplias malabaricus, single and multiple sex chromosome systems, as well as undifferentiated, can also be found. Among these, there is a well-differentiated XY system in karyomorph B, a nascent XY system in karyomorph C and a X1X2Y system in karyomorph D. The purpose of this thesis was to analyze the genomic differentiation occurred between E. erythrinus and H. malabaricus karyomorphs, with a particular focus on the sex chromosomes. To this end, besides the classical chromosomal analysis, repetitive DNA sequences and microdissected sex chromosomes were used as probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) procedures. The evolutionary pathways for the sex chromosome systems of H. malabaricus and E. erythrinus karyomorphs were investigated. Allopatric populations of E. erythrinus karyomorphs A and D were analyzed and showed significant differences in relation to their karyotypes, where chromosomal rearrangements and genomic changes stood out as significant events during the evolutionary process. The genomic dispersion of transposable elements Rex3 associated with the 5S ribosomal DNA, as well as the differentiation of a multiple X1X2Y sex chromosome system were prominent events in the differentiation of karyomorph D. The role of repetitive elements in the process of differentiation of sex chromosomes was also analyzed. In this sense, we performed a comparative study of the distribution of twelve microsatellites (mono-, di-and trinucleotide) in the XY and X1X2Y systems, present in karyomorphs B and D of H. malabaricus, respectively. The differential distribution of microsatellites along the chromosomes in both systems were demonstrated, possibly as a direct reflection of their modes of origin, with a significant accumulation of repeats on the X chromosome of the XY system, in contrast to that found in the X1X2Y sex chromosomes system. The processes acting in the differentiation of sex chromosomes are not yet completely understood. However, the accumulation of repetitive DNA sequences may represent an early step in the differentiation of simple sex chromosomes systems (XY and ZW), highlighting the role of these sequences in their differentiation, and contributing to the reduction of recombination between the undifferentiated ancestor sex pair. On the other hand, in multiple systems, the chromosomal rearrangements implicated in the origin of these systems, appear to represent the primary factors responsible for the reduction of recombination without the need for additional genomic modifications. The comparative mapping of different repetitive DNA sequences in meiotic and mitotic chromosomes pointed for an independent differentiation process of the X1X2Y sex chromosomes in E. erythrinus and H. malabaricus. Additionally, sex chromosomes probes, isolated by microdissection, were used in experiments of whole chromosome painting (wcp), proving to be a powerful tool for the study of sex chromosomes evolution. It was shown that the chromosomes of the X1X2Y system have evolved independently in H. malabaricus and E. erythrinus where different autosomes were firstly converted to a slightly different XY sex pair in each species, followed by dinstinct chromosomal rearrangements in the origin of these systems. In turn, the chromosome painting also showed the independent origin for the XY system of H. malabaricus karyomorphs B and C. Again, distinct autosomal pairs present in the ancestor karyomorphs were converted into the XY chromosomes, now present in karyomorphs B and C. It has been well characterized the direct relationship between the XY system of karyomorph C and the origin of the X1X2Y system present in karyomorph D. Thus, even between congeneric species (E. erythrinus and H. malabaricus), as well as between karyomorphs of the same nominal species (H. malabaricus), the sex chromosomes have evolved independently, demonstrating the great plasticity of this evolutionary process in fishes.
O enfermeiro como facilitador de processos de educação permanente em saúde: fronteiras e perspectivas da atuação profissional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-19)
Pinto, Mary Cristina Ribeiro Lacôrte Ramos
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Ogata, Márcia Niituma
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3274294833403570
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/4604397819713961
The object of the research was the inclusion of nurses in the educational processes that occur in the Family Health Strategy (ESF), adopted at the reorganization of the Primary Health Care in Brazi. The Permanent Education in Health (EPS) is presented as a management tool, providing analysis and reconfiguration of work processes in mind the principles of the Unified Health System (SUS). There are different references ordering the educational practices of nurses responsible for conducting formal educational measures regarding nursing teams and community health agents (ACS). The objective was to examine how nurses are included in the educational processes that occur in the ESF, to identify their perception on the EPS and the tools used in their educational practice, and analyzing domestic production on the educational processes developed with teams of nurses, the the grounds of EPS. An review of literature and qualitative research approach was conducted and semistructured interviews with nine nurses who work in the ESF in five municipalities of São Paulo State was also conducted. The interpreted the data from thematic categorical analysis, resulted in: Family Health means prevention, the centrality of the nurse coordinating the work with the family health: strengthening the division in the work and education process, Education tutoring and / or Chief without educating and the EPS and the family on health: real or virtual? The results showed that review of educational activities are not consistent with the EPS, which educational processes are characterized by thematic technical contemplating the needs of workers, however, also point to the absence of answers to everyday problems. The interview results showed that the nurses to attend to family health means conducting educational activities in preventive logic / programming, emphasizing the importance of home visits and SUS. The nurses remain linked to the coordination and organization of work, ignoring the self-sufficiency and self-management of each professional and strengthening technical and social division on the team. They also carry out educational activities with employees, but do not conceive to be their assignment and do not consider themselves able to do so. The educational actions are reproduced as the transmission of knowledge and privilege the SUS instead of the nursering, responsible for the curative dimensions of care. Nurses don't know the concept of EPS and use its own tools of traditional banking education, though occasionally also employ so inadequate inherent in the EPS tools. It is concluded that the PEH did not acquire concreteness to the nurses and daily life of ESF in the setting of research, although there are nuances of attitudes and judgments consistent with it. It is considered the relevance of investment to ensure the continuity of the embryonic and evolutionary accomplishment of the EPS in the ESF and SUS.
Instrumento para a introdução da abordagem da eficiência energética em cursos de engenharia civil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-20)
Cesar, Luiza Denardi
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Souza, Lea Cristina Lucas de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0083847008256434
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8615893252990999
This study aims to build a tool for evaluating energy efficiency and insert it in disciplines of Civil Engineering courses. The instrument was constructed by applying the criteria for certification of sustainable construction in Brazil: High Environmental Quality, Energy Efficiency Labeling of buildings and Seal Blue House CASH. An investigation of the status in the Civil Engineering courses was performed based on information gathered from, either syllabuses, or programmatic content of the disciplines. This investigation included the curriculum established by the Resolution CNE/CES N. 11, which points out the National Curriculum Guidelines of an undergraduate degree in engineering. The higher education institutions were selected based on courses in Civil Engineering, which were evaluated in 2008 by the National Survey of Student Performance. In addition, in the process of selecting courses, only the courses with pedagogical project or curriculum which shows at the webpage the notes or syllabus of the courses was considered. Following these criteria, 15 courses of Civil Engineering were selected. The results show that it is difficult to separate the content of the subjects according to the core content. This situation may be the reason for the average workload of the core of basic and professional contents in both biannual and annual periodicities courses be larger than the requirements of the Guidelines National Curriculum. On the other hand, for the specific content core, it was observed the opposite in both periodicities. In this case there was difficulty in separating the content according to the core content. In addition, the courses of Civil Engineering still do not use the possibility of curricular flexibility allowed by these Guidelines. The reduced number of disciplines that include energy efficiency indicated that the educational institutions are not taking advantage of the possibility of introducing new up to date and important topics in the engineer formation, such as energy efficiency.
Percursos juvenis e trajetórias escolares : vidas que se tecem nas periferias das cidades
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-20)
Silva, Carla Regina
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Lopes, Roseli Esquerdo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1507752191797249
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6417501858864106
In Brazil, the youth, besides the historic numerical relevance in the drawing of population, has become an important social category, that brings specific demands, wherein education and work are central themes. Recently, we are watching the settlement of an institutional framework, specific for youth, but, in what is intended in terms of social rights, has not yet become effective. Thus, the most part of the Brazilian youth, in other words, the poor youth or from popular groups, is the group that presents the highest vulnerability, represented by a major quantitative and qualitative educational gap and lack of integration with real world (related to jobs). This study has addressed this issue in order to correlate and understand the macrossocial interactions in what could be called microssocial - life path and school career of four poor young students, who live in suburbs of a medium-sized city in the countryside of São Paulo state. Research has made use of methodological procedures based on a combination of strategies, including, monitoring either, individual and collectives in the territory - articulation of resources in social field, dynamization of the attention network and workshops of activities, projects and dynamics and, speccialy, apprehension of research territory. Those strategies were formulated on the basis of social occupational therapy and education in a Freire perspective, also supported by the participant objectification proposed by Pierre Bourdieu. The socio-historical approach, chosen in this work, supported the research and contributed to analysis the relations among the public policies aimed at youth, mainly, the educational policies and how them are reflected in the paths of life of those youngsters. Consequently, as we have policies according capitalist system of production and contemporary neo-liberal doctrine, we got little efficiency strategies, such as expanding access to secondary and superior degrees, the expansion of superior degree and its alternative forms the inclusion of vulnerable groups, that resulted vulnerable, because their inability to meet the demands of individuals of the poor youth. In the same way, the family, society and others institutions also came to be insufficient or inadequate to supports the leverage the life‟s projects presented by the individuals of the research. These youngsters, though, immersed in difficulties, limitations, and precariousness, projected possibilities, until now, show that failures shoot down upon specific paths, highlighting the need for a broader network of protection and support, capable of transforming life, where in education has a fundamental role.
Ensino de ciências e divulgação científica: análise das recontextualizações entre as revistas CartaCapital e Carta na Escola
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-21)
Pezzo, Mariana Rodrigues
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Pierson, Alice Helena Campos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4686352453726023
The interfaces between the fields of Education and Communication are gaining prominence and relevance in recent years, either in everyday practices related to professional performance in both areas or in academic literature. This work is inserted in the effort to understand these interfaces, focusing on the practice of scientific communication, analyzed on the basis of theoretical inputs from the area of Science Education especially those identified with the approaches based on the interrelationships between Science, Technology and Society and understood as a space of complementarity between formal and nonformal education. To achieve its goals, the research analyzes the process of recontextualization and interpretation between the reports published in a weekly magazine of updates named CartaCapital and the resulting texts published in Carta na Escola, a monthly magazine that, from these reports, intends to offer high school teachers subsidies to approach the updates in the classroom. The purpose of this analysis conducted from the perspective of discursive textual analysis was, in general, to enrich the understanding of possible and productive relationships between the fields of Media and Education. In addition, we sought to contribute specifically to the understanding of the limits and potencial of using scientific communication products in science teaching and of the roles that the use of media materials aimed at carrying information on science and technology can play in overcoming challenges related to science teaching approaches guided by the interrelationships between Science, Technology, Society and Environment. The results of this analysis showed the dominant presence of recontextualization processes that aim to offer, within Carta na Escola, coordinated, contextualized and historical approaches to updates reported in CartaCapital in a fragmentary way, using a variety of strategies related to the different roles assigned to updates within the teaching proposals presented for the different knowledge areas in Carta na Escola. Specifically in relation to texts identified with the curriculum area of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and its technologies, the research showed different combinations, in Carta na Escola, of scientific, technological and social dimensions concerning the production of science and technology and also of internalist and externalist approaches of science, indicating the potential use of analysis of these dimensions and approaches in the evaluation and critical reading of science dissemination texts.
Habitat, hábito e morfologia cardíaca: influência destes fatores sobre as respostas cardiorrespiratórias à hipóxia e alterações térmicas em espécies de peixes ecologicamente distintas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-21)
Thomaz, Juliana Montovani
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Kalinin, Ana Lúcia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5493936744279888
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5806403198495084
Aquatic environments are subjected to wide variations in their physicochemical properties which can compromise the survival of the animals that inhabit these waters, especially the fish, which exhibit adaptive behavioral, physiological, biochemical and genetic responses to face such variations. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between heart morphology and the cardiorespiratory responses to hypoxia at different temperatures (15, 25 and 35 °C) of two fish species with different habits and habitats: matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) and trahira (Hoplias malabaricus). Both species presented pyramidal ventricles with compact and spongy layers (mixed myocardium), differentiated by the thickness of the compact layer and its irrigation, which occurs in greater proportion in matrinxã, the active species. Gradual temperature reductions decreased the values of metabolic rate ( ̇ ), gill ventilation ( ̇ ), respiratory frequency (fR), ventilatory volume (VT), and heart rate (fH) while increases in temperature induced opposite responses, increasing the values of these parameters. In matrinxã and trahira, the gradual reduction in the water O2 concentration at different temperatures induced significant changes in the cardiorespiratory parameters. The combined effects of low temperature (15 °C) and hypoxia led to a significant reduction in ̇ , ̇ , fR, VT, EO2 (O2 extraction) and fH, while high temperature (35 °C) and hypoxia led to a significant increase in these parameters. The results showed that temperature acts in the overall metabolism of fish as well as in myocardial metabolism and membrane permeability to the ions involved in their polarity. Moreover, the active species matrinxã presented higher values of cardiorespiratory parameters and a lower tolerance to hypoxia when compared to trahira, the sedentary species.
Sistema automático de supervisão e controle de cultivos de alta densidade celular de E. coli recombinante
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-22)
Horta, Antonio Carlos Luperni
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Zangirolami, Teresa Cristina
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4546701843297248
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5923938048634505
High cell density cultivations of recombinant E. coli are a fast and economical way to produce recombinant proteins. Through this bioprocess, products with high added value and pharmaceuticals of great importance such as insulin, human and bovine growth hormone, protein antigens for formulation of vaccines, enzymes, among others, are obtained. However, keeping these cultivations within the desired conditions becomes a major challenge, since some variables such as dissolved oxygen concentration (DOC) and substrate concentration are difficult to control. Therefore, the development and implementation of an automatic monitoring and control tool are key requirements for the performance of high density cultivation. The present work has as main objectives to study feeding strategies for high cell density cultivation of recombinant Escherichia coli and develop a computational tool capable of ensuring the implementation of the chosen strategies, performing the monitoring, control and supervision of the cultivations. Fed batch cultivations were carried out under the supervision of the tool in a 5 L in-house bioreactor, equipped with sensors for temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, pressure and biomass (sensor that measures the concentration of viable cells based on permittivity measurements), peristaltic pumps and connected to the gas analyzer. The tool was developed with LabView 8.0 and MatLab 6.5, being the acquisition and communication with the different bioreactor accessories via compact Field Point. Twenty two fed-batch cultivations with 5 different clones of E. coli, BL21(D3) expressing the enzyme penicillin G acylase (PGA) as well as antigenic proteins of S. pneumoniae (PspA3, PspA245 and PspA4Pro) and E. rhusiopathiae (SpaA) were performed during the development of the tool and the studies of feeding strategy. Both defined medium (HDF modified) as complex medium (ZYM-5052 modified), usually having glycerol as main carbon source and IPTG or lactose as inducers were used. In all cultivations, samples were collected to quantify the concentration of cells (dry weight method in filter of 0.22 m and optical density at 600 nm), organic acids, glucose, glycerol and lactose (HPLC) as well as protein expression (densitometry and NIPAB method for PGA) and plasmid stability (plating). The tool SUPERSYS_HCDCR (registered as a free software) developed, implemented and validated in the performed cultivations, carries out the basic functions of bioreactor supervision software, such as monitoring and data acquisition of pressure, temperature, pH, DOC, fraction of CO2 and O2 in the outlet gas as well as real-time estimate of the respiratory quotient, the rate of oxygen consumption and CO2 production. However, it also has the following special features, including: i) automatic control of air and oxygen flow according to cellular demand, ii) automatic activation of the feed pump at the end of the batch; iii) automatic control of feeding flow rate as function of the specific growth rate inferred in real time; iv) automatic control of feeding flow rate constrained by the concentration of dissolved oxygen, v) audible alarms indicating failures in the process; vi) failure messages sent via email; vii) automatic control of dissolved oxygen concentration; viii) control of the bioreactor pressure; and ix) control of bath temperature. Regarding the studies of feeding strategies aimed at biomass productivity increase in high cell density cultivations of recombinant E. coli, using the supervision tool developed together with changes in the composition of the synthetic culture medium available in the literature, a cellular concentrations greater than 150 g/L was achieved in less than 24 hours of cultivation, corresponding to a productivity of 9.2 g/Lh. This value, which is higher than the reported in the literature, was obtained without acetate accumulation and allowing high production of recombinant protein.
Desenvolvimento e distribuição de espécies de macrófitas aquáticas em áreas alagadas da represa do Lobo-Broa (UHE Carlos Botelho) em função do estado trófico
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-22)
Medeiros, Guilherme Ruas
;
Tundisi, José Galizia
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5730659239785432
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/9794950718150922
A comunidade de macrófitas aquáticas se constitui como importante componente em ecossistemas lênticos e lóticos, habitando áreas permanentemente alagadas ou sujeitas a inundações. Desta forma o presente estudo caracterizou as áreas alagadas e as possíveis diferenças nas características físicas e químicas dos sedimentos e da água circundante aos estandes das espécies de macrófitas Eichhornia crassipes, Salvinia auriculata e Mayaca fluviatilis ocorrentes no reservatório do Broa em distintos tributários. Estes vegetais possuem importante papel como fonte de matéria orgânica e dos nutrientes fósforo e nitrogênio contribuindo para uma maior estocagem dos mesmos. A qualidade das amostras de água circundante aos estandes foram influenciadas principalmente pela ação dos ventos ocorridas na amostragem do período seco (agosto de 2010), que contribuíram para o revolvimento da coluna d`água agindo diretamente sobre os estandes. A avaliação do estado trófico do reservatório verificou que os ambientes estudados apresentam diferenças nas concentrações de fósforo na água, onde foi possível identificar uma área alagada hiper-eutrófica próximo ao rio Itaqueri e oligo-mesotrófica nas áreas alagadas formadas pelos Ribeirão do Lobo e Córrego das Perdizes. Contatouse que os teores de fósforo e nitrogênio apresentam uma distribuição desigual entre as espécies e também entre as suas estruturas, sendo as raízes responsáveis pelo armazenamento de maiores concentrações destes nutrientes. The aquatic macrophyte communities constitutes an important component in lentic and lotic ecosystems, inhabiting areas permanently flooded or subject to flooding. Thus the present study characterized the wetlands and possible differences in physical and chemical characteristics of sediments and water to the surrounding stands of macrophytes Eichhornia crassipes, Salvinia auriculata and Mayaca fluviatilis occurring in Broa reservoir in different tributaries. These plants play an important role as a source of organic matter and nutrients phosphorus and nitrogen contributing to greater storage of same. The quality of water samples from the surrounding stands were mainly influenced by the wind occurred in the sample of the dry period (August 2010), which contributed to the turning of water column acting directly on the stands. Assessing the trophic state of the reservoir found that the studied environments having different concentrations of phosphorus in the water, where it was possible to identify a hyper-eutrophic wetland near the Itaqueri river and oligomesotrophic in Ribeirão do Lobo and Cóorego das Perdizes. It was noted that the levels of phosphorus and nitrogen have an unequal distribution among species and also between their structures, the roots being responsible for the storage of higher concentrations of these nutrients
Estudos preliminares de produção de ácido glucônico a partir de sacarose invertida em biorreator airlift
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-22)
Lopes, Sidney Magalhães
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Badino Júnior, Alberto Colli
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4796007900701417
The use of sucrose for the production of industrial inputs with higher added value has a great industrial interest, especially glucose and fructose which present many advantages over sucrose in industrial processes. Gluconic acid and its derived salts can be mentioned as second generation products also having wide industrial applicability. This study aimed to perform a preliminary evaluation of the enzymatic process for simultaneous production of gluconic acid and, consequently, its derived salts and a high-fructose syrup from sucrose inverted using glucose oxidase (GOD) enzyme in a concentric draft tube airlift bioreactor with 2.0 working volume. For this propose, the volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (kLa), obtained under different aeration conditions using solutions with different inverted sucrose concentrations, was firstly evaluated. The results led to a correlation to estimate kLa during the oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid in an airlift bioreactor as a function of air flow rate and medium viscosity. Experimental trials were carried out in batch at 35 °C and pH 5.5 in order to produce gluconic acid with different initial glucose concentrations (20 and 40 g.L-1) in the presence or absence of fructose, and with two different enzyme concentrations. The consumption of glucose and dissolved oxygen was monitored throughout the trials. The kinetic parameters for the process (Vmax, KS and KO) were obtained by fitting of the kinetic model to the experimental values. The results showed that the presence of fructose did not significantly affect the affinity of GOD for glucose due to the small variation of KS, as well as it did not alter Vmax values for equal concentrations of KO showed that, although the dissolved O2 concentration was small compared to that of glucose in the medium, the oxygen was not the limiting factor of the process. The results, even though preliminary, demonstrate the viability of developing a simultaneous production process for gluconic acid and highfructose syrup from inverted sucrose.
As classes de objeto e a linguística de corpus na construção de equivalências para glossário francês-português : o verbo na cozinha
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-28)
Odorissio, Renata Maria
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Vale, Oto Araújo
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2277403284693571
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5399341243418266
Notre recherche a pour but la construction des équivalences à partir du modèle de classes d objets de Gaston Gross (1994) pour un prototype de glossaire bilingue de la Culinaire. C est-à-dire que notre proposition première vise à l application d une métodologie tenant en compte l importance de l abordage observationnel en ce qui concerne les équivalences, sans nier l importance des définitions dictionnarisées des langues paires, traditionnellement employée dans la Lexicographie bilingue. Ainsi, notre recherche a comme principes épistémologiques les apports du Lexique-Grammaire (GROSS, M. 1975, 1981, 1994), dont les outils ont été fondamentaux aux études contrastives des prédicats appropriés, ceux qui sont représentatifs du domaine en question ; les paramètres de la Linguistique de Corpus (BEBER SARDINHA, 2004) importants tant à la compilation de corpus qu aux analyses des données obtenues. La Lexicographie (KRIEGER ; FINATTO, 2004) tant que téorie, nous offre certains concepts et, aussi, on y situe notre point de départ pour la reflexion à propos des métodes appliquées à la construction des équivalences bilingues. Le Lexique-Grammaire s appuie sur des mécanismes combinatoires sélectifs pour comprendre la façon par laquelle la phrase devient le locus où les éléments linguistiques se recouvrent de définition et ainsi de stabilité sémantique. Cette nature sélective du prédicat, conçu par l association d un opérateur et des arguments, ne doit pas être négligée au moment où on en arrive à la quête des termes équivalents. La phrase se présente comme l unité linguistique minimale et un outil essentiel pour les analyses de degrés d équivalence. À présent, on considère trois niveaux d équivalence : équivalence totale, équivalente partielle et non-équivalence. À partir du recensement de prédicats apparus en corpus, c est-à-dire, d opérateurs et des arguments agroupés en classes d objets, il est possible de vérifier l identité la non-identité sémantique entre ces prédicats appropriés et puis établir des niveaux d équivalences. Nos analyses contrastives permettent d évaluer les incongruences entre les candidats à équivalent et le(s) mieux choisir, tandis que les fréquences nous servent de paramêtres selon la préférence des termes concourants. Il va de soi que la Culinaire ne se restreint plus aux moeurs des foyers puisque le marché gastronomique représentent des secteurs de poids pour l écomonie des deux pays traités par notre recherche et que nos résultats ne sont qu une dégustation du thème présent.
O uso da técnica cliente oculto como ferramenta de avaliação do atendimento aos usuários de bibliotecas públicas: uma experiência brasileira na graduação de Biblioteconomia
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012)
Furnival, Ariadne Chloe Mary
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Ouchi, Marcos Teruo
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Pinto, Euzébio Luiz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1291482506649810
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4500649569193100
No contexto de uma síntese de alguns métodos e técnicas de avaliação de serviços encontrados na literatura sobre o assunto, este artigo relata a experiência da aplicação da técnica de cliente oculto, ou mystery shopping, para a avaliação de atendimento ao público numa rede de bibliotecas públicas no interior do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Detalhase como a técnica foi aplicada e os resultados tabulados são apresentados. Excluindo o grupo de controle, 60% das bibliotecas avaliadas conseguiram uma avaliação de “excelente” para a variável “informar”, que se refere à capacidade do funcionário atendente em resolver as perguntas e as pesquisas dos usuários, resultado esse muito satisfatório. Em relação à forma com a qual os “clientes ocultos” foram atendidos, a avaliação global foi igualmente boa, tendo 50% das bibliotecas alcançado o valor “excelente” para a função “acolhimento”. A aplicação da técnica se deu no contexto da oferta da disciplina de “Serviço de Referência e Informação” no curso de graduação em Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação de uma universidade federal brasileira, com os alunos da supracitada disciplina agindo como “clientes ocultos” dos serviços prestados aos usuários nas bibliotecas públicas avaliadas. Nesse sentido, espera-se que o exercício contribua para a formação de profissionais bibliotecários reflexivos que possam futuramente propor ações baseadas em evidências.
Análise eletromiográfica da escrita manual: estudo de dois padrões de preensão
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-01-05)
Almeida, Pedro Henrique Tavares Queiroz de
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Vergotti, Iracema Serrat
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1833552250793623
Handwriting is an essencial skill for the performance of activities of daily life related to the expression of information in academic, work-related and leisure situations. Among adult population, there is a prevalence of two grasp forms used for handwriting, classified in neurophysiological development as mature or transitional grasps. These grasp patterns may be related to upper limb muscular and postural dysfunctions due to the use of different muscular groups in handwriting activity. The objective of this study was to analyze the electromyographic activity of upper trapezium, biceps braquii, extensor carpi radialis brevis and flexor digitorum superficialis among subjects who use the dynamic tripod grasp and the static tripod grasp during handwriting. Twenty-four university students between 18 and 28 years, without functional dysfunctions of the upper limbs underwent electromyographic analyze during a patterned handwriting task. A significant increase in electromyographic activity of upper trapezium and biceps braquii was observed among subjects who use the static tripod grasp. There was no significant change between the myoelectric activity of the extensorcarpi radialis brevis and flexor digitorum superficialis between the two groups. The increase in electromyographic activity among subjects using static tripod grasp indicates potential higher energy expenditure and increased risk of muscular lesions with the maintence of this motor pattern during handwriting tasks. Since the increased demand for speed and expression of information through handwriting is expected during academic life, the careful observation, evaluation and therapeutic monitoring could stimulate the development of mature grasps and optimize the performance of writing tasks, an important area of intervention and clinical research to occupational therapy.
Algumas extensões da distribuição Birnbaum-Saunders: uma abordagem bayesiana
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-01-09)
Cahui, Edwin Chaiña
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Cancho, Vicente Garibay
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3503233632044163
The Birnbaum-Saunders Distribution is based on an physical damage that produces the cumulative fatigue materials, This fatigue was identified as an important cause of failure in engineering structures. Recently, this model has been applied in other areas such as health sciences, environmental measures, forestry, demographic, financial, among others. Due to it s importance several distributions have been proposed to describe the behavior of fatigue resistance. However there is not an argument about which is more effective for the analysis of data from fatigue. A major problem to choose a statistical distribution, is that often several models fit the data well in the central, but, however, the extremes of distribution raise questions about the decision to select some of their models. The lack of data at the extremes distribution is justified to consider other arguments like the use of a specific statistical distribution, and thus reject other models. In this work we study some extensions of the distribution Birnbaum-Saunders with a mixture of normal scale, in which the procedure will for obtaining inferences will be considered from a Bayesian perspective based on the methods Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC). to detect possible observations influential in the models considered, we used the Bayesian method of analysis influence in each case based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence. Moreover, the geometric Birnbaum-Saunders model is proposed , for data survival.