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Evolução molecular, análise multilocus e diferenciação entre espécies do grupo fraterculus (Diptera, Tephritidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-19) Lima, André Luís Andrade; Brito, Reinaldo Alves de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8253066295947754; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1981887385414775
The Tephritidae includes approximately 4500 species described to date and many of these species make up the main genera of economic importance: Anastrepha, Bactrocera and Ceratitis. The genus Anastrepha is among the Tephritidae with greatest diversity in the Americas including 230 described species, among which some species with great economic importance because they represent important fruit pests. There is evidence that species in the fraterculus group have diverged recently, even having some cryptic species. Because of this, species in the fraterculus group are a great system for evolutionary studies. For evolutionary studies, it is necessary to evaluate the rates of molecular evolution and their role in identifying rates of gene flow and population differentiation, the construction of tree species and a possible separation for the species. Seeking a better understanding of the fraterculus group, we chose three species of this group, Anastrepha obliqua, A. fraterculus and A. sororcula as models for this study and five genes isolated from a cDNA library of reproductive tissues of Anastrepha. Several genes that are expressed in reproductive tissues have a higher divergence rate THAN those expressed in non-reproductive tissues, may thus give evidence of reproductive isolation. In this work, we found evidence of positive diversifying and positive selection for a couple of genes (CG11912 and CG10031), and high levels of polymorphism, although they failed to meet statistical significance for positive selection, in other genes here studied, such as ,Lcp65Ac and CG16712, whereas Df31 was more conserved. An analysis of molecular variance found that levels of genetic polymorphism are best explained by differences between species THAN between geographic regions. Haplotype networks for each gene failed to differentiate the species here studied and showed high levels of shared polymorphism among the species, with some rare exceptions. On the other hand, a joint analysis of these data to try to infer a species tree indicate a strong cohesion for populations of A. obliqua from the Brazilian Northeast and Southeast while for A. fraterculus and A. sororcula we observed a substructure that separated Southeeast populations of A. sororcula, which was well defined, from Northeast populations, which may be hybridizing with populations of A. fraterculus from the Northeast, due to great number of shared polymorphisms. Other THAN populations in the Brazilian northeast, A. fraterculus also forms a separate, though short, lineage. Considering these findings, a broader sampling is needed, especially in areas not yet collected particularly in the Northeast, seeking to untangle the phylogenetic relationships not only among these species, but also other species of the fraterculus group.
Música e movimento negro: em direção à diáspora
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-19) Silveira, Dener Santos; Silvério, Valter Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1233082655204579
O enfermeiro como facilitador de processos de educação permanente em saúde: fronteiras e perspectivas da atuação profissional
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-19) Pinto, Mary Cristina Ribeiro Lacôrte Ramos; Ogata, Márcia Niituma; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3274294833403570; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4604397819713961
The object of the research was the inclusion of nurses in the educational processes that occur in the Family Health Strategy (ESF), adopted at the reorganization of the Primary Health Care in Brazi. The Permanent Education in Health (EPS) is presented as a management tool, providing analysis and reconfiguration of work processes in mind the principles of the Unified Health System (SUS). There are different references ordering the educational practices of nurses responsible for conducting formal educational measures regarding nursing teams and community health agents (ACS). The objective was to examine how nurses are included in the educational processes that occur in the ESF, to identify their perception on the EPS and the tools used in their educational practice, and analyzing domestic production on the educational processes developed with teams of nurses, the the grounds of EPS. An review of literature and qualitative research approach was conducted and semistructured interviews with nine nurses who work in the ESF in five municipalities of São Paulo State was also conducted. The interpreted the data from thematic categorical analysis, resulted in: Family Health means prevention, the centrality of the nurse coordinating the work with the family health: strengthening the division in the work and education process, Education tutoring and / or Chief without educating and the EPS and the family on health: real or virtual? The results showed that review of educational activities are not consistent with the EPS, which educational processes are characterized by thematic technical contemplating the needs of workers, however, also point to the absence of answers to everyday problems. The interview results showed that the nurses to attend to family health means conducting educational activities in preventive logic / programming, emphasizing the importance of home visits and SUS. The nurses remain linked to the coordination and organization of work, ignoring the self-sufficiency and self-management of each professional and strengthening technical and social division on the team. They also carry out educational activities with employees, but do not conceive to be their assignment and do not consider themselves able to do so. The educational actions are reproduced as the transmission of knowledge and privilege the SUS instead of the nursering, responsible for the curative dimensions of care. Nurses don't know the concept of EPS and use its own tools of traditional banking education, though occasionally also employ so inadequate inherent in the EPS tools. It is concluded that the PEH did not acquire concreteness to the nurses and daily life of ESF in the setting of research, although there are nuances of attitudes and judgments consistent with it. It is considered the relevance of investment to ensure the continuity of the embryonic and evolutionary accomplishment of the EPS in the ESF and SUS.
Repercussões do treinamento resistido periodizado e destreinamento sobre o perfil funcional de mulheres idosas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-19) Oliveira, João Carlos de; Perez, Sergio Eduardo de Andrade; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9408953831211309; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7208666542619125
Proposed in the middle 80's from the concepts of "classic" periodization sports training, the periodization of resistance training (PER) has become popular in recent years. The concept of the PER refers as planned and systematic variation of the volume and intensity of strength training (ST), although other acute variables of manipulated. The model consists of 3-4 phases of adaptation during a training program. Initially, the PER was developed to meet the need for enhancement of athlete performance. However, the PER has been used in different populations with very different goals than originally proposed. Thus, this is critical review of a literature, the challenge of understanding the PER not only as a variant or a component epistemological sports training, but as a strategy to affect the physiology as whole, with special attention in the elderly people. A total of 20 manuscripts were included this review. Six publications met the inclusion criteria. Altogether 179 subjects, men and women above 60 years were investigated. It was observed that the PER in the models linear (LP) or non-linear (UP) result in significant improvement in muscular strength capacity. The elderly of both genders were benefited to preservation of functional capacity, improvements in muscular function, and activities of daily living. However, it is not possible to determine which model of periodization is more efficient. Despite of increasing popularization of the PER, few studies have examined the effects of periodized training in the older adult. It takes more information about the comparative efficiency of different intensity and at different volumes in the periodization training approaches.
Evolução cromossômica na família Erythrinidae. Mapeamento citogenético de DNAs repetitivos e microdissecção de cromossomos sexuais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-19) Cioffi, Marcelo de Bello; Bertollo, Luiz Antonio Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0242034365085727
The fishes from the Erythrinidae family present a wide karyotypic variation with several karyomorphs already identified for some species, including the presence of different sex chromosome systems. In Erythrinus erythrinus a well-differentiated X1X2Y system occurs in karyomorph D, as well as undifferentiated sex chromosomes in other karyomorphs of this species. In Hoplias malabaricus, single and multiple sex chromosome systems, as well as undifferentiated, can also be found. Among these, there is a well-differentiated XY system in karyomorph B, a nascent XY system in karyomorph C and a X1X2Y system in karyomorph D. The purpose of this thesis was to analyze the genomic differentiation occurred between E. erythrinus and H. malabaricus karyomorphs, with a particular focus on the sex chromosomes. To this end, besides the classical chromosomal analysis, repetitive DNA sequences and microdissected sex chromosomes were used as probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) procedures. The evolutionary pathways for the sex chromosome systems of H. malabaricus and E. erythrinus karyomorphs were investigated. Allopatric populations of E. erythrinus karyomorphs A and D were analyzed and showed significant differences in relation to their karyotypes, where chromosomal rearrangements and genomic changes stood out as significant events during the evolutionary process. The genomic dispersion of transposable elements Rex3 associated with the 5S ribosomal DNA, as well as the differentiation of a multiple X1X2Y sex chromosome system were prominent events in the differentiation of karyomorph D. The role of repetitive elements in the process of differentiation of sex chromosomes was also analyzed. In this sense, we performed a comparative study of the distribution of twelve microsatellites (mono-, di-and trinucleotide) in the XY and X1X2Y systems, present in karyomorphs B and D of H. malabaricus, respectively. The differential distribution of microsatellites along the chromosomes in both systems were demonstrated, possibly as a direct reflection of their modes of origin, with a significant accumulation of repeats on the X chromosome of the XY system, in contrast to that found in the X1X2Y sex chromosomes system. The processes acting in the differentiation of sex chromosomes are not yet completely understood. However, the accumulation of repetitive DNA sequences may represent an early step in the differentiation of simple sex chromosomes systems (XY and ZW), highlighting the role of these sequences in their differentiation, and contributing to the reduction of recombination between the undifferentiated ancestor sex pair. On the other hand, in multiple systems, the chromosomal rearrangements implicated in the origin of these systems, appear to represent the primary factors responsible for the reduction of recombination without the need for additional genomic modifications. The comparative mapping of different repetitive DNA sequences in meiotic and mitotic chromosomes pointed for an independent differentiation process of the X1X2Y sex chromosomes in E. erythrinus and H. malabaricus. Additionally, sex chromosomes probes, isolated by microdissection, were used in experiments of whole chromosome painting (wcp), proving to be a powerful tool for the study of sex chromosomes evolution. It was shown that the chromosomes of the X1X2Y system have evolved independently in H. malabaricus and E. erythrinus where different autosomes were firstly converted to a slightly different XY sex pair in each species, followed by dinstinct chromosomal rearrangements in the origin of these systems. In turn, the chromosome painting also showed the independent origin for the XY system of H. malabaricus karyomorphs B and C. Again, distinct autosomal pairs present in the ancestor karyomorphs were converted into the XY chromosomes, now present in karyomorphs B and C. It has been well characterized the direct relationship between the XY system of karyomorph C and the origin of the X1X2Y system present in karyomorph D. Thus, even between congeneric species (E. erythrinus and H. malabaricus), as well as between karyomorphs of the same nominal species (H. malabaricus), the sex chromosomes have evolved independently, demonstrating the great plasticity of this evolutionary process in fishes.
O processo de industrialização chinesa: uma visão sistêmica
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-19) Milaré, Luís Felipe Lopes; Diegues Junior, Antonio Carlos; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0594188577645269; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8461221709061694; Chadarevian, Pedro Caldas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8597066149069923
The main objective of this dissertation is to present an interpretation of the Chinese industrialization and to show how China was able to transform its productive structure. To do so, first it is presented the bases of the industrialization process: the Mao Zedong s era (1949-1976). We argue that the economic reforms introduced by Mao Tsé-Tung helped underpin the success obtained by Deng Xiaoping after 1978 (the period of greater dynamism). After that, we analyze the most dynamic period of the Chinese economy: Deng Xiaoping s reforms. We argue that the great growth experienced in this period was motivated by very high State investments. The fast industrialization was based in a strategy of Governmental autonomy; indirect control of the productive and financial structure; and planning of solid industrial policies. Finally we make a detailed analysis of the transformation of the Chinese industrial structure. Through this analysis we see that the Chinese industrial structure has advanced to more dynamic and complex segments more intensive in technology. Thus, we conclude that the Chinese strategy of industrialization was based on autonomy, planning and control with State leadership which allowed them to transform its industrial structure. This transformation was stimulated by high investments that speeded China s industrial catching-up.
Propriedades fotoluminescentes do CuMoO4
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011-12-19) Santos, Valdemir dos; Longo, Elson; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9848311210578810; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1070760903014158
In this study, CuMoO4 were synthesized, characterized and crystallized into powders in two structures: monoclinic and triclinic. CuMoO4 powder were synthesized by precipitation, and the reaction s pH were controlled due to the importance of pH in the process of development CuMoO4. The powder was processed at 140°C at different times in hydrothermal assisted by microwave irradiation, it is possible to prepare materials that have different structure organization degrees. The structural and morphologic properties of these materials were analyzed through X ray diffraction, transmission electronic microscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy and zeta potential, among anothers. Using those techniques, it was possible to observe the pH s influence in the solution and its reflex in the structural development, where there are two differents structures competing in solution (Triclinic and Monoclinic). The structural organization leads the mechanisms of FL by its cluster position (order disorder). The evolution of the structural disorder at short range was controlled by using the HM, and its reflexes could be observed in the FL. The photoluminescent emissions in blue and red were attributed to clusters [Mo4] and [MO6] and its space position, which were modified by HM. The difference between the emission maxima and minimal was assigned to distinct photoemission mechanisms that are related to the electronic structure of these materials