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Cotas para negros em universidades públicas no Brasil: significados da política contemporânea de ação afirmativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-01)
Vieira, Paulo Alberto dos Santos
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Silvério, Valter Roberto
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421231847055027
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/1723860927289572
This text aims to discuss the current policies concerning affirmative actions, especially the racial cotes, which in 2002 were implemented in Brazilian universities, above all in the public ones. After nearly one decade that the country has more than hundreds of institutions that have adopted these policies (with different emphasis and models), the controversy is not ended. The main controversy arises especially when these affirmative actions focus on aspects related to race in the models implemented in these educational institutions. This thesis is divided in three chapters. We have tried to develop a theoretical line approaching the current debate, which has been attempting to influence people and social groups, as well as politicians, either in favor or against the policies. The chapters are about relevant topics for this research: the construction of the nation and how science and social theories were important to create a society based on social hierarchy related to race. There is also a discussion about the reception of the racial cotes in a public university that applies racial criteria to select students for the graduation courses. Thus, the chapters try to understand how the process of racialization happened in Brazil and how this process was responsible for the creation of inflexible positions in terms of social status. This society is the same which is now discussing questions and themes that tend to appear against that stiff hierarchy. Therefore it is apparently clear that a paradox has been recently placed. The affirmative action‟s policies have always been supported, or at least not firmly criticized. On the other hand, when the same structure of the affirmative action‟s policies is used in favor of black people, it raises negative and opposite reactions. Making an effort to understand this reaction, we, first of all, have the hypothesis that the affirmative action‟s policies, mainly the racial cotes, allow us to establish at least two levels of comprehension: firstly, the emphasis in the process seeking equality; secondly, the proposal of a reflection about the difference – including the ethnic and racial ones. These two last have been one of the central elements of social inequality. Hence, our research challenges to show that the contemporary policies of affirmative action, mostly the racial cotes, cause a tension on the Brazilian social thought spotting other possibilities of interpretation for this society. Consequently, giving conceptual, theoretical and political strengths to the sociological category of race, it has allowed a new understanding for the social phenomenon in the country and a broader comprehension of what are the true elements involved whenever the racial cotes become one of the greatest symbols not only the public symbols not only the public higher education, but also the racial relation in Brazil in our time.
Utilização de loci de microssatélites para a identificação de híbridos e manejo genético de uma espécie de ave brasileira extinta na natureza: o mutum-de-alagoas, Pauxi mitu (aves, Cracidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-01)
Davanço, Paulo Vinicius
;
Francisco, Mercival Roberto
;
Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel
;
Silveira, Luis Fábio
Cracidae é uma família de aves presentes na região Neotropical e por vários fatores, como a caça e a destruição de seu habitat, é o grupo mais ameaçado dessa região. O Mutum-de-Alagoas, Pauxi mitu, é o cracídeo mais ameaçado, pois é um táxon já extinto na natureza. A população passou por um severo gargalo populacional: apenas um trio (2 fêmeas e 1 macho) resgatado da natureza e teve sucesso reprodutivo, dando origem aos 121 indivíduos cativos atuais. Destes, apenas pouco mais da metade é considerada pura por caracteres morfológicos, uma vez que em 1990 alguns machos foram hibridados com fêmeas de Pauxi tuberosa, Mutum-Cavalo. A técnica de microssatélites ganhou grande destaque nos últimos anos, se tornando uma importante ferramenta em estudos de genética populacional e na avaliação dos níveis de parentesco entre os indivíduos. Através do uso dessa técnica este trabalho teve o objetivo de identificar os híbridos e realizar o monitoramento e manejo genético da população de P. mitu, possibilitando o desenvolvimento de recomendações e ações para a conservação desta espécie ameaçada da fauna brasileira. A análise com o Software STRUCTURE 2.1 identificou 55 indivíduos puros, ou seja, menos da metade do plantel atual da espécie. Sendo que esses representam um NE de apenas 3,8 indivíduos (CI 95%: 2,6 ? 8,5) e com diversidade alélica (2,32 ± 0,6: 1,68 ? 3,91) e heterozigosidade esperada (0,36); reduzidas quando comparadas com P. tuberosa e Crax globulosa. Estas informações poderão auxiliar no manejo em cativeiro e em tentativas futuras de reintrodução dessa espécie já extinta na natureza.
Contribuição ao projeto e dimensionamento da superestrutura de pontes rodoviárias em vigas mistas de aço e concreto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-01)
Souza, Victor José Luiz de
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Souza, Alex Sander Clemente de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3572504605209699
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/8261376962376121
Even the metal bridges known for overcoming large spans, designed and implemented by large offices, this paper wishes to present concepts that can be applied in practical design of Steel-Concrete composite bridges of short and medium span, because those are the most common in national highways, and there is also a lack of professionals to design them into steel in Brazil. In the few studies dedicated to this subject, there is no specific normalization in steel bridges, and there is a lack of bridges on local roads throughout the country. The steel bridge or the Steel- Concrete composite bridges provides a construction that is both quick and of easy recovery. At first it discusses the main structural systems, features and behaviors of composite steel bridges and concrete. It also describes the analysis procedures to actions on bridges according to the U.S. standards (AASHTO:2002 & 2005), European (EC-1:1991) and Brazilian (NBR 7188:1984). It is also an objective of this study to understand the design philosophy of AASHTO:2002, regarding the definition of actions, analysis models, ensuring the joint behavior of steel beam and concrete deck, ultimate limit states and of service and resistance of the mixed system deck, verifying the possibilities / needs of adaptation to the national reality, standard frequently used by Brazilian designers. This study aims to enrich the national literature regarding to Steel-Concrete composite bridges and according to comparisons made to the design and scaling guide, set rules for a calculated script for these mixed systems, bridges, viewing adjustments for the development of those directed to Brazilian realities.
Habilidades sociais e bem-estar subjetivo de crianças dotadas e talentosas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-01)
França, Maria Luiza Pontes de
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Del Prette, Almir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2191226494887247
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5219044102729200
In considering the national publications about gifted and talented children, it was noticed that there is a lack on scientific knowledge and empirical research about the socio-emotional characteristics of these children, specifically, about social skills repertoire and the level of subjective well-being. It was noticed too, that there is a prevalence of publications on cognitive characteristics and educational needs of these children. Therefore, the main objectives of this study were: (1) characterize the repertoire of social skills in gifted and talented children; (2) characterize the level of subject well-being in gifted and talented children; (3) investigate the relationship between social skills and subjective well-being of these children; (4) identify the predictive power of social skills in explaining subjective wellbeing of these children; (5) identify possible differences and similarities in relation to social skills classes in different domains of gifted (general intelligence, creativity, socio-emotional and sensorimotor); and (6) identify possible differences and similarities in relation to subjective well-being in different domains of gifted (general intelligence, creativity, socioemotional and sensorimotor). Sample was composed by 394 children with age range between eight and twelve years. They were separated in 269 gifted and talented children and 125 not gifted children. Participants completed the following questionnaires: Evaluation System of Social Skills (ESSS), Multidimensional Scale of Life Satisfaction for Children (MSLSC), Scale Positive and Negative Affect Children and Socio-Demographic Questions. Descriptive and inferential analyzes were performed in order to accomplish the aims of this research. Results showed that gifted children reported a broader social skills repertoire and a higher level of subjective well-being than non-gifted children. Regarding the classes of social skills and the subjective well-being indicators, both samples of children reported more frequently the expression of positive feelings and higher satisfaction with family and reported a lower frequency of problem avoidance and lower level of negative affect. These results indicated that a broader repertoire of social skills is associated with a higher level of subjective wellbeing in gifted and talented children. Subjective well-being was predicted by most social skills classes. It was observed that when compared gifted children in a domain with gifted children who did not showed the same performance in that domain were observed differences in some social skills classes and in some subjective well-being indicators for verbal and mathematical sub-domains (belonging to general intelligence domain) and for socioemotional and sensorimotor domains. In conclusion, this study can be considered relevant for the scientific literature of this field research. The results demonstrate that the socio-emotional disadjustment seen as a gifted and talented children feature is a myth, once these children reported a broader social skills repertoire and higher level of subjective well-being overall. Moreover, information about the social skills repertoire and the level of subjective well-being of gifted and talented children might contribute to identify children who excel in the socioemotional domain, once there is a few programs that select gifted children based on their social competence and related variables.
As associações empresariais e o processo constituinte de 1987- 88
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-01)
Troiano, Mariele
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Noronha, Eduardo Garuti
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/6908348693613769
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3227437575714593
This research aims to understand how interests of the entrepreneurs class were represented in the constituent process of 1987-88, through the mapping of the actors involved, they parliamentary or not. As analytical approach, we start from the general idea that Federation of Industries of São Paulo State (FIESP) is an institutionalized organization and relevant activity in the Brazilian political and economic framework since its inception, including the constitutional process, the only federation, representing the entrepreneurs class was invited to a public hearing on the National Constituent Assembly. In analyzing the performance of entrepreneurs class in decision-making arena at the Constituent Assembly, noticed a proliferation of representative associations, which can be understood as a result of ineffective representation of FIESP. Through explanations of path dependency is possible to observe the maintenance of historical legacies of the organization, based on the corporatist system, as the main factor of its incapacity to represent. Based in the actions of the political actors that are involved, we can deduce that the entrepreneurs didn t have an effective representation at the constituent process. The actors actions could be comprehended as distinct products of the corporativist system that use to interfere in the way of the acting justified by the absence of a balance between the fundamental business characteristic of ANC and their methods. As methodology, was used minutes of the National Congress, literature review and press materials available at the Senate s site.
Obtenção e caracterização de fosfatos de cálcio visando aplicações médicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-01)
Napolitano, Marcos Aurélio
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Oliveira, Cauê Ribeiro de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5321313558714462
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8264121302624502
The search for biomaterials compatible with human bones is one of the most investigated topics in science today, due to its applications, not only as grafts, but as releasing drug agents, dermal fillers, among others. The present study describes a recent method for synthesis of apatites, which can be used in medical and dentistic applications for osteoconduction, bone formation, releasing of biological agents or fillers for alloys with other biocompatible ceramic material or not. The characterization of this material, the form of industrial scale production and overhead costs of production and sales are presented. The hydroxyapatite, a known biomaterial, was synthesized by polymeric precursors method. The characterization shows a mixture of phases with a β tricalcium phosphate phase, which is also considered a template for bone material and has distinct properties regarding speed and type of osseointegration. The characterizations performed in this material were X-ray diffraction, Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, Size Surface Area (BET) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Since it was a research work oriented to industry, tests were also conducted for batch production of the material on industrial scale and the perspective of production costs was evaluated, comparing the projected sales with currently national and international products available on the market. In conclusion, the synthesis of a compatible material with the existing market is described in the chemical point of view, due to the fact it is a different material due to the mixture of phases, and due to the financial viability of large-scale production and comparing actual costs demand.
Perda de originalidade e extinções simuladas de espécies arbustivo-arbóreas de cerrado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-02)
Rosatti, Natália Bianca
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Batalha, Marco Antônio Portugal Luttembarck
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3893228815181339
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3172690993468313
Originality measures how different a given species is from all other species regarding either their phylogenetic history or functional traits and may be used to assign conservation priorities. This dissertation is divided into two chapters. In the first chapter, we introduced and defined the phylogenetic and functional originalities, which are still underused. We discussed the advantages of using this approach and showed how it could be used in conservation plans. In the second chapter, we analysed the relationships between phylogenetic, and functional originalities, their relationships with the environment, and their losses under extinction scenarios based on species abundance, fire tolerance, and habitat preference. We placed 100 plots in a cerrado reserve located in central Brazil, sampled all woody plants within the plots, measured 14 functional traits, and measured soil, topography, and fire. We assembled a phylogenetic tree, and a functional dendrogram, with which we calculated the originalities. Phylogenetic- and functional-based originalities were correlated, and both increased towards harsher environments. However, the loss of functional originality was different from random extinctions on the abundance and fire tolerance scenarios, whereas the loss of phylogenetic originality was not. Functional originality seemed to be a better surrogate to be used in conservation strategies, because it was sensitive to differences in species abundances and fire tolerance.
Ensino de universitários para o uso de procedimentos computadorizados de matching-to-sample no ensino de leitura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-02)
Oliveira, Marileide Antunes de
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Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2491638004798825
Stimulus equivalence research uses matching-to-sample (MTS) tasks to establish conditional stimulus relations. Using these tasks to teach language and academic repertoires, such as reading, in applied settings is a current issue. This paper investigated different methods in the development of an approach to teach individuals on the use of automated MTS tasks to teach reading through two studies. In Study 1, four participants were assessed on the extent to which whether, after being taught to: (1) arrange, and (2) apply MTS tasks comprising AB relation (dictated words-pictures); and 3) analyze student data report using three words, they would show repertoire generalization to novel words. Teaching comprised demonstration and instruction to follow demonstration. During tests, novel words were used. Results showed that all participants learned to implement computerized MTS tasks and showed repertoire generalization. In Study 2, two packages a manual and manual + CAPSI were compared to teach individuals to conduct MTS training to teach reading. Participants were four university students randomly assigned to either control or experimental groups, two in each group. During baseline participants were assessed in their skills in: (1) arranging four MTS tasks AB (dictated wordspictures), AC (dictated words-printed words), BC (pictures-printed words), and CB (printed words-picttures) using the words bed, bee, and cat; (2) evaluating reading repertoires; (3) conducting teaching sessions using AB and AC MTS tasks; and (4) conducting testing sessions using BC and CB tasks. During teaching the participants in the control group were given a manual on the use of MTS training to teach reading and the participants were given the manual and wrote online tests on CAPSI. All the participants were given three weeks to complete the VIII teaching in the place of their choosing. The post-training was conducted as described in baseline. Baseline and post-training combined scores for control and experimental groups were 72.5% and 100%, and 72.7% and 95%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the improvement from baseline to post-training for both groups was significant; however, the difference between posttraining performances for the control and experimental groups was not significant. Taken together, the results of studies 1 and 2 suggest that the methods that were investigated are promising in the transfer of knowledge from basic research to applied educational settings such as classroom and to be delivered to teachers working with children with reading learning difficulties.
Software para análise da cinética do consumo de oxigênio durante exercício moderado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-02)
Beltrame, Thomas
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Trevelin, Luis Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5082419783043736
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0045363023998833
The characterization of behavior of some biological variables in the transition restexercise (on-transition) seems to help understand how the organism adjusts some physiological systems in the beginning of physical exercise. Among these variables, the kinetics of oxygen consumption (VO2) is widely studied and can add information about physical fitness. The objective of this study was to develop new software that facilitates the characterization of the VO2 kinetics in on-transition of constant work load exercise. Some tests with the software, performed in ten healthy male subjects, showed no statistical differences between the values of the kinetics´ s parameters found by the new software and the parameters obtained by SigmaPlot software. Additionally, the Interface facilitates analysis of the kinetics of VO2. The conclusion from this study shows that this new software may be used as a simple tool to characterize the behavior of VO2. Now, the use of VO2 kinetics can be used by a larger number of health care professionals who aim to this type of analysis.
Terapia laser de baixa intensidade a 808 nm reduz a resposta inflamatória e favorece a regeneração muscular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-02)
Assis, Lívia Ribeiro de
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Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5527703735628408
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7935480743466626
Muscle regeneration is a complex phenomenon, involving coordinated activation of several cellular responses. During this process, oxidative stress, and consequent tissue damage occur with a severity that may depend on the intensity and duration of the inflammatory response. Among the therapeutic approaches to attenuate inflammation and increase tissue repair, low-level laser therapy (LLLT) may be a safe and effective clinical procedure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of LLLT on oxidative/nitrative stress and inflammatory mediators produced during a cryolesion of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle in rats. Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=20): control (BC), injured TA muscle without LLLT (IC), injured TA muscle submitted to LLLT (IRI). The injured region was irradiated daily for 4 consecutive days, starting immediately after the lesion using an AlGaAs laser (continuous wave, 808nm, tip area of 0.00785 cm2, power 30 mW, application time 47 s, fluence 180 J/cm2; total energy 1.4J; irradiance 3.8 mW/cm2). The animals were sacrificed on the fourth day after injury. LLLT reduced oxidative and nitrative stress in injured muscle, decreased lipid peroxidation, nitrotyrosine formation and NO production, probably due to reduction in iNOS protein expression. Moreover, LLLT increased SOD gene expression, and decreased the inflammatory response as measured by gene expression of NF-kβ and COX-2 and by TNF-α and IL-1β concentration. These results suggest that LLLT could be an effective therapeutic approach to modulate oxidative and nitrative stress and to reduce inflammation in injured muscle and could therefore help muscle regeneration.
A influência do envelhecimento sobre a antropometria e a postura dos pés: um estudo longitudinal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-02)
Aurichio, Thaís Rabiatti
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Rebelatto, José Rubens
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1684247449456330
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6238432716592204
The foot and ankle joint complex comprising an adaptable to external and internal influences, being able to tolerate and compensate for deformities or misalignment of the lower limb. Shoes are an important addition to the human foot. However, if used improperly interfere in gait, cause pain and foot deformities. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of aging on the anthropometric and postural foot of the elderly, through Manuscript I. As well as pointing out the consequences and the factors associated with the use of inappropriate shoes for a period of four years, through the Manuscript II. For this purpose, 164 elderly patients with mean age of 73.7 (± 5.86) years were evaluated in 2006 and 2010, as the anthropometric and postural foot (Manuscript I), and asked about falls, shoe model used, pain during the use of footwear and options to buy it (Manuscript II). The paired t-test was used in the first study to point out possible differences in anthropometric variables over time. In the second study, subjects were classified among those who remained inadequate lengths of wearing shoes and those who remained using appropriate footwear, excluding the subjects who changed their behavior in the period in question. A multiple logistic regression model and the observations of the odds ratio evaluated the impact of independent variables in the classifications of this behavior. In all statistical tests, was considered a significance level of 5%. The results of study I showed a decrease of the angles of the first metatarsophalangeal joint and increase the values of arch index during the study period. The perimeters, heights and widths, and the postures of the feet showed no changes during the study period. The results of study II show that the foot length and males are the main factors associated with persistence of misuse of shoes over the years, and the shoes too long in relation to the feet of individuals. Other variables, such as falls, shoes models, pain, width, perimeter and height of the feet, or even the posture of the feet showed no association with this behavior. The study period may not have been enough to point out significant changes in other variables, and longer studies are needed to state the possible occurrence of these changes. Still, it is possible to ensure the importance of these findings for better understanding of the complex biomechanics of the feet of the elderly, planning strategies and guidelines for the elderly to help prevent the installation of deformities and limitations.
Respostas cardiorrespiratórias promovidas pela ativação de receptores glutamatérgicos e purinérgicos no núcleo do trato solitário
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-02)
Fávero, Michele Thaís
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Paula, Patrícia Maria de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0201361251312074
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5516825233637271
The central nervous system (CNS) has an important role in maintaining the composition and volume of body fluids for the appropriate tissue perfusion. An important area of the CNS that receives cardiorespiratory afferents is the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) that has several types of neurotransmitters, includingL-glutamate and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP). Neuroendocrine changes that occur during sodium depletion could change glutamatergi c and purinergic neurotransmissions into the NTS. Thus, in this study, we investigated : 1) the effects of sodium depletion on cardiorespiratory responses before and after injections of L -glutamate and α,β-methyleneadenosine 5′-triphosphate (α,β-methyl ATP, a selective P2X purinergic receptor agonist) into the NTS of unanesthetized and sodium depleted rats; 2) the cardiorespiratory responses of the injection of α,β-methyl ATP before and after the blockade of P2 receptor purinergic antagonist with suramin (non-selective P2 purinergic receptor antagonist) into NTS of unanesthetized and normovolemic rats and 3) to describe the autonomic components involved with the cardiovascular responses after injection of α,β-methyl ATP into the NTS. Male Holtzman rats with a cannula implanted into the NTS and catheters inserted into the femoral artery and vein were used. Ventilation (VE) was measured by whole body plethysmograph method. In relation to objective 1, the cardiorespiratory parameters were measured in normovolemic (before sodium depletion), depleted (24 h after sodium depletion) and repleted rats (two hours after free access to 0.3 M NaCl and water). Sodium depletion was induced by the treatment with the diuretic furosemide (20 mg/kg of body weight) injected subcut aneously (s.c.) followed by 24 h of sodium -deficient diet. Sodium depletion did not modify baseline MAP (104 ± 4 mmHg, vs. normovolemic: 105 ± 4 mmHg) or HR (334 ± 20 bpm, vs. normovolemic: 379 ± 13 bpm) but increased the VE (708 ± 107 ml/min/kg, vs. normovolemic: 478 ± 60 ml/min/kg). This effect was due to increase on tidal volume (VT, 7 ± 0.6 ml/kg, vs. normovolemic: 5 ± 0.4 ml/kg) without effect on the respiratory frequency (fR, 99 ± 8 cpm, vs. normovolemic: 85 ± 6 cpm). In repleted rats, VE did not return to normal level (640 ± 33 ml/min/kg, vs. normovolemic: 478 ± 60 ml/min/kg). Unilateral injections of L-glutamate (1 and 5 nmol/100 nl) into the NTS produced pressor response (17 ± 3 and 36 ± 3 mmHg, respectively, vs. saline: 3 ± 1 mmHg), bradycardia (-130 ± 15 and -169 ± 10 bpm, respectively, vs. saline: -13 ± 6 bpm) and the hyperventilation (233 ± 44 and 495 ± 114 ml/min/kg, respectively, vs. saline: 32 ± 26 ml/min/kg). Sodium depletion reduced pressor responses (4 ± 3 mmHg and 13 ± 4 mmHg, respectively) and hyperventilation (-112 ± 112 and 7 ± 115 ml/min/kg, respectively) and did not change bradycardia (-116 ± 30 and -156 ± 18 bpm, respectively). Unilateral injections of α,β-methyl ATP (2 nmol/100 nl) into the NTS also produced pressor response (36 ± 5 mmHg, vs. saline: 3 ± 1 mmHg), bradycardia (-194 ± 18 bpm, vs. saline: -13 ± 6 bpm) and did not change VE (54 ± 96 ml/min/kg, vs. saline: 32 ± 26 ml/min/kg). Sodium depletion reduced pressor response (24 ± 5 mmHg), VE ( -147 ± 184 ml/min/kg) and did not change bradycardia (-168 ± 22 bpm). In relation to objective 2, the results showed that injection of α,β-methyl ATP (2 nmol/100 nl) into NTS produced pressor response (24 ± 4 mmHg e -187 ± 39 bpm, respectively) and these responses were reduced 15 min after injection of suramin into NTS ipsilateral (13 ± 2 mmHg e -80 ± 18 bpm). Injection of α,β-methyl ATP into NTS produced no significantly change in VE. In relation to objective 3, the results showed that injection of α,β-methyl ATP (2 nmol/100 nl) into NTS promote pressor and bradycardic response (32 ± 5 mmHg and -183 ± 21 bpm). The pre-treatment with the alpha1 -adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin (1 mg/kg bw, i.v.) attenuated the increase in MAP (+10 ± 3 mmHg) without changing the bradycardic response (-192 ± 21 bpm) evoked by injection of α,β-methyl ATP into NTS. The pre-treatment with the cholinergic muscarinic antagonist, methyl-atropine (1 mg/kg bw, i.v.) did not changed the pressor response (+31 ± 6 mmHg) and abolished the bradycardic response (+21 ± 6 bpm) induced by injection of α,β-methyl ATP into the NTS. The results suggest that neuroendocrine changes produced by sodium depletion (increased level of circulating ANG II, aldosterone and the desactivation of the volume receptors and baroreceptors) may change the glutamatergic and purinergic neurotransmissions into the NTS. Furthermore, activation of P2X receptors in the NTS activates both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system to produce pressor and bradycardic responses, respectively, without changing ventilation
Fabricação e caracterização de filmes nanoestruturados de nanotubos de carbono e polianilina para aplicação em sensores ambientais na detecção de 2-clorofenol.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-02)
Santos, Juliana de Souza
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Ferreira, Marystela
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4714185516263478
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Constantino, Carlos José Leopoldo
;
Simões, Fábio Ruiz
Organochlorine compounds exhibit high toxicity, environmental persistence and tendency to bioaccumulate. This pollutant can spread through the air and water, affecting humans and the environment. In this context, this study aimed to develop an environmental sensor capable of detecting organochlorine compounds through nanostructured films fabricated from the layer-by-layer technique. The sensory units were composed of bilayers formed from Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs), alternated with Polyaniline (PAni). This study was divided into two main stages: the first was the fabrication and characterization of thin films and the second was the application of the film as sensor for environmental control of 2-chlorophenol. In the first stage individual films were fabricated with PAni and CNTs alternated with polyelectrolytes Poly(vinyl sulfonate) (PVS) and Poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI), respectively, and mixed film of CNTs/PAni. The films were characterized by UV-vis, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the second stage sensory units were immersed in a liquid system containing 2-chlorophenol at different concentrations for characterization by means of electrochemical techniques of cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry. The results of the film of CNTs/PAni showed good performance as electrochemical sensors for organochlorine compounds, since using the technique of square wave voltammetry detected the presence of 2-chlorophenol concentration from 2 ppm to the current intensity increased in about the film in individual CNTs.
Avaliação do dano por choque térmico em concretos refratários via espectroscopia acústica ressonante não-linear
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-02)
Pereira, Antônio Henrique Alves
;
Rodrigues, José de Anchieta
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4000441989868775
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/2291835400598420
In this thesis the Non-linear Resonant Acoustic Spectroscopy Technique used to evaluate the mesoscopic non-linearity was incorporated into the Impulse Excitation Technique, which is extensively applied to the evaluation of thermal shock damage of refractory castables by the characterization of dynamic elastic moduli. The motivation for this thesis was the mesoscopic non-linearity detection in refractory castables and the interest for more sensitive techniques for thermal shock damage assessment, as well as detecting cracks and microcracks. An experimental apparatus able to evaluate the non-linearity was developed, which allowed the simultaneous characterization of the dynamic elastic moduli and damping with different amplitudes of excitation. The apparatus error was evaluated using the characterization of synthesized signals and it is lower than 0.05 % for frequency, 3.3 % for damping and 2 % for amplitude. The technique association was applied to the evaluation of thermal shock damage resistance of refractory castables made with white fused alumina aggregates of 2.4 mm maximum size (A2) and of 8.0 mm maximum size (A8), and of a refractory castable made with tabular alumina aggregates of 3 mm maximum size (AT). The A2 castable showed similar thermal shock resistance to the AT one due to the configuration of cracks and microcracks, which occurred in the matrix. The technique association was also used to evaluate different thermal shock types and the moisture influence. The results showed that the primary source of damage is the thermal shock of cooling and that the moisture has a significant influence in the elastic property characterization (up to -9.4 % for the Young's modulus and +35 % for damping). The information provided using the non-linearity characterization was similar to the retained Young's modulus, however regardless of previous characterizations. This allowed a more accurate assessment of the damage than using the Impulse Excitation Technique alone.
Roda de choro : processos educativos na convivência entre músicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-03)
Fiorussi, Eduardo
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Joly, Ilza Zenker Leme
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5569335876343450
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6320835064132793
The objective of this research is to describe and understand the educational processes arising from the interaction between musicians in a roda de choro . Based on the experiences of the researcher, from the interaction with musicians and other musical friends in social musical practices and musical education environments, and the studies done in the research of Social Practice and Educational Processes (PPGE-UFSCar), it is presented in the discussion supported referential theory involving Paulo Freire (1992, 1995, 2007), Ernani Maria Fiori (1986), and Jorge Larrosa Bondía (2002), among others. Held together with the Chorando na Sombra, that performs rodas de choro in Campinas Brazil, ethnographic research has been the source of inspiration, using methodological procedures of participant observation, since the researcher is a musician and participates in social practices mentioned. Roda de choro is a musical manifestation, collective, where people meet to play the repertoire of Brazilian popular music. In these experiments occur dialogical exchange of glances, gestures, finally learning. From the collection of data with the research participants we have come to the conclusion that the musical learning process of choro, although presenting similarities in the processes of each musician, happens to each individual in different ways; learning processes are not linear, but they involve an individual organization that occurs from the interaction with others in rodas de choro and other social practices that involve music. This thesis also deals with other learning processes that occur from musical encounters, related to respect, fellowship, listening to others, and that most shares in coexistence with others, and are often taken for other activities of daily life.
Resolução de problemas na formação continuada e em aulas de matemática nos anos iniciais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-03)
Oliveira, Sandra Alves de
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Passos, Cármen Lúcia Brancaglion
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1023120398774531
This text reports a descriptive and interpretative research that analyzed challenges, dilemmas, knowledge and learning that were present in the process of continuing professional education of a group of sixteen Early Years teachers who attended an extension activity - "Mathematics in the Early Years: Program of Continuing Professional Education for Early Years Teachers from the Municipal Secretary of Education of São Carlos" - during the first semester of 2011, while studying and using the methodology of problem solving in mathematics lessons. The theoretical references that support this research are based on studies about problem solving and teacher education. The organization of the team/group that was involved in the continuing professional education activity founded the study. The continuing education program occurred in a perspective of collaborative work. Empirical data were constructed using a questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, audio and video records, written material, a reflective field journal elaborated by the participating teachers and the researcher, who worked as a trainer and observed the actions of the teachers in mathematics lessons. The data analysis indicates that the collaborative work approach helped the teachers to review knowledge and concepts about problem solving in mathematics lessons and implement more meaningful practices in their classes. The activities that were developed and created in the continuing education program gave the necessary contribution so that the sixteen participating teachers had the possibility to use, in their mathematics classes in Early Years education, the methodology of problem solving according to the perspective of Van de Walle, Onuchic, Vila and Callejo. The process of training was important because it valued the teaching knowledge and learning and enabled the teachers to build and rebuild other ones, express their experiences, their feelings about their practices and their interest in the development of problem solving methodology in teaching and learning of mathematics in the Early Years; understand the theoretical and practical knowledge in teaching and learning of mathematics and/or give them a new meaning. This knowledge contributed for the practical application of problem solving methodology in mathematics classes in Early Years Education.
Identificação de graus de ansiedade à matemática em estudantes do ensino fundamental e médio: contribuições à validação de uma escala de ansiedade à matemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-05)
Mendes, Alessandra Campanini
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Carmo, João dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1263046410329694
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9829277329129396
The learning of mathematics has been characterized by aversion due to several failures in trying to learn its contents. Besides the traditional difficulties of learning mathematics, such as dyscalculia and acalculia, possibly related to organic and developmental disorders, the international literature has highlighted a new field of research: the mathematics anxiety. A phenomenon characterized by a specific set of unpleasant physiological reactions as well as cognitive and behavioral components which occur in the presence of simple or complex mathematical stimuli and contingencies of learning mathematics, or in contexts that require the use of mathematical repertoires. In Brazil, however, there are few studies about the identification of different degrees of math anxiety in students with different educational levels. In the analyzes of this study it was observed that the distribution of student responses is a normal distribution, which allowed the testing of medium and correlational tests. In addition, we observed a Cronbach's alpha coefficient, with a value of 0.900, which indicates that the instrument used is consistent. Thus, this study had as first objective to identify different degrees of math anxiety in elementary school students Cycle II (6th to 9th grade) and High School (1st, 2nd and 3rd grade) - correlating the variables gender, age, grade, public and private schools. The second objective was to identify which items of the scale typically generated high levels of anxiety, listed by the students. In Spearman correlation analysis, the results indicated a significant difference between the variables period (p = 0.005 and r = 0.084) and education system (p = 0.001 and r = -0.104) and there was no significant correlation between total scores and the variables age (p = 0.188 and r = -0.040), gender (p = 0.178 and r = -0.040), grade (p = 0.282 and r = -0.032), educational level (p = 0.503 3 r = 0.020). In the Student s t test and Anova, the analysis indicated a significant difference between the average of students responses in the variable education system (p = 0.001) and period (p = 0.018). No significant differences in the variables: gender (p = 0.104), instructional level (p = 0.476), grade (p = 0.154), age (p = 0.064). The results of the chi-square test indicated that high levels of anxiety occurred in 12 out of 24 scale situations and these situations indicated punishment or not, which involves the teaching methodologies as well as the individual learning of mathematics.
Trabalhadores nos canaviais de Alagoas: um estudo sobre as condições de trabalho e resistência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-05)
Verçoza, Lúcio Vasconcellos de
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Silva, Maria Aparecida de Moraes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6792025643983370
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5426759381802381
The most recent process of productive restructuration of Alagoas´ sugarcane agro industry initiated in the 1990 modified profoundly the criterions of workers selections, the labor organization and its way of management. Those changes, which affect directly the workers, resulted in the intensification of the work rhythm, elevation of its productivity and decrease of job numbers. In the core of those configurations in the relationship between capital and work, the purpose of the present dissertation is to analyze how the exploration-domination of the labor force is processed and ways of resistance constituted by the sugarcane worker in Alagoas. To achieve this purpose, were realized field research and interview with sugarcane cutters, formers sugar mill residents, unemployed workers, brail operator, bituqueiros , cabos (inspectors) and leaders of rural labor union. The interviews were leaded by the oral history methodology. The municipal district of Teotônio Vilela was the empiric universe privileged, though it concentrates a large number of workers employed in many sugar factories in the south of Alagoas.
Habilidades sociais relevantes para alunos com e sem necessidades educacionais especiais segundo avaliação do professor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-05)
Amaro, Livia de Castro Pereira
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Del Prette, Almir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2191226494887247
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5270799550828692
In our culture school plays an important role in our children's development, as it promotes not only academic skills but also social skills. It is important to consider the role of teachers in the social and emotional development of their students hence this study aims to gather information on the variables which influence the value they place on their students' social skills as such information is currently lacking. We will begin by a) identifying the skills teachers considered most important for the social and emotional development of the students b) comparing teachers´ evaluations of the importance of social skills for children who have and don t have special educational needs. We will also look to identify possible influences of the variables age, gender, socio-economic status, level of qualification, length of time as a teacher and age group worked with on the importance placed on social skills. In order to achieve these goals, this study interviewed 70 teachers who worked in the first five grades of public regular elementary schools. Eighty per cent of them answered they had in their classroom, or have had in the last two years, at least one student with special educational needs. The participants were asked to rate the importance of each social skill in the social and emotional development of their students who had and who didn´t have special educational needs. These ratings were then transformed into scores and analyzed according to the principles of descriptive and non parametric statistics. The results showed that social skills related to civility, empathy and academic performance were more important to the teachers. Comparing the means of the total importance scores using the Wilcoxon test it was possible to see that the participants considered learning social skills more important to children without special needs. Of all the teachers´ characteristics analyzed in this study, only graduation appears to exert significant influence on how the importance of students' development of social skills is rated. Participants who had completed their education considered social skills less important in childhood, than those who did not graduate or those who had completed post graduate study.
Freud e os modelos biológicos de explicação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-05)
Martins, Eduardo de Carvalho
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Simanke, Richard Theisen
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5431145327759147
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4618092653487544
Although Freud has explicitly reclaimed that psychoanalysis belongs to the field of natural science, subsequent philosophic and epistemological criticism tends to refuse the Freudian intention and to place his theories among the human sciences (Habermas, Ricoeur, Schafer, Klein, among others); or to consider it as an unsuccessful naturalistic project, unable to achieve the minimum request of scientificity (Popper, Grünbaum, etc.). In this work we intend to show how several models used by Freud have resulted in different interpretations of psychoanalysis. This thesis is an exegetic study of the explanation models utilized by Freud and the methodological procedure to do it was not only based on his work but also on the contemporary discussion in the field of evolutionary biology whose influences upon Freud have already been indicated by several authors (Sulloway, Ritvo, etc.), although, in general, they only point the presence of biological themes in the elaboration of the Freudian theory, without relating it to a constitution of a psychological explanation model simultaneously historic and naturalistic.