Navegando por Data de Publicação, começando com "2012-03-01"

Filtrar resultados por ano ou mês

Agora exibindo 1 - 6 de 6

Utilização de loci de microssatélites para a identificação de híbridos e manejo genético de uma espécie de ave brasileira extinta na natureza: o mutum-de-alagoas, Pauxi mitu (aves, Cracidae)
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-01) Davanço, Paulo Vinicius; Francisco, Mercival Roberto; Galetti Júnior, Pedro Manoel; Silveira, Luis Fábio
Cracidae é uma família de aves presentes na região Neotropical e por vários fatores, como a caça e a destruição de seu habitat, é o grupo mais ameaçado dessa região. O Mutum-de-Alagoas, Pauxi mitu, é o cracídeo mais ameaçado, pois é um táxon já extinto na natureza. A população passou por um severo gargalo populacional: apenas um trio (2 fêmeas e 1 macho) resgatado da natureza e teve sucesso reprodutivo, dando origem aos 121 indivíduos cativos atuais. Destes, apenas pouco mais da metade é considerada pura por caracteres morfológicos, uma vez que em 1990 alguns machos foram hibridados com fêmeas de Pauxi tuberosa, Mutum-Cavalo. A técnica de microssatélites ganhou grande destaque nos últimos anos, se tornando uma importante ferramenta em estudos de genética populacional e na avaliação dos níveis de parentesco entre os indivíduos. Através do uso dessa técnica este trabalho teve o objetivo de identificar os híbridos e realizar o monitoramento e manejo genético da população de P. mitu, possibilitando o desenvolvimento de recomendações e ações para a conservação desta espécie ameaçada da fauna brasileira. A análise com o Software STRUCTURE 2.1 identificou 55 indivíduos puros, ou seja, menos da metade do plantel atual da espécie. Sendo que esses representam um NE de apenas 3,8 indivíduos (CI 95%: 2,6 ? 8,5) e com diversidade alélica (2,32 ± 0,6: 1,68 ? 3,91) e heterozigosidade esperada (0,36); reduzidas quando comparadas com P. tuberosa e Crax globulosa. Estas informações poderão auxiliar no manejo em cativeiro e em tentativas futuras de reintrodução dessa espécie já extinta na natureza.
Cotas para negros em universidades públicas no Brasil: significados da política contemporânea de ação afirmativa
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-01) Vieira, Paulo Alberto dos Santos; Silvério, Valter Roberto; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9421231847055027; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1723860927289572
This text aims to discuss the current policies concerning affirmative actions, especially the racial cotes, which in 2002 were implemented in Brazilian universities, above all in the public ones. After nearly one decade that the country has more than hundreds of institutions that have adopted these policies (with different emphasis and models), the controversy is not ended. The main controversy arises especially when these affirmative actions focus on aspects related to race in the models implemented in these educational institutions. This thesis is divided in three chapters. We have tried to develop a theoretical line approaching the current debate, which has been attempting to influence people and social groups, as well as politicians, either in favor or against the policies. The chapters are about relevant topics for this research: the construction of the nation and how science and social theories were important to create a society based on social hierarchy related to race. There is also a discussion about the reception of the racial cotes in a public university that applies racial criteria to select students for the graduation courses. Thus, the chapters try to understand how the process of racialization happened in Brazil and how this process was responsible for the creation of inflexible positions in terms of social status. This society is the same which is now discussing questions and themes that tend to appear against that stiff hierarchy. Therefore it is apparently clear that a paradox has been recently placed. The affirmative action‟s policies have always been supported, or at least not firmly criticized. On the other hand, when the same structure of the affirmative action‟s policies is used in favor of black people, it raises negative and opposite reactions. Making an effort to understand this reaction, we, first of all, have the hypothesis that the affirmative action‟s policies, mainly the racial cotes, allow us to establish at least two levels of comprehension: firstly, the emphasis in the process seeking equality; secondly, the proposal of a reflection about the difference – including the ethnic and racial ones. These two last have been one of the central elements of social inequality. Hence, our research challenges to show that the contemporary policies of affirmative action, mostly the racial cotes, cause a tension on the Brazilian social thought spotting other possibilities of interpretation for this society. Consequently, giving conceptual, theoretical and political strengths to the sociological category of race, it has allowed a new understanding for the social phenomenon in the country and a broader comprehension of what are the true elements involved whenever the racial cotes become one of the greatest symbols not only the public symbols not only the public higher education, but also the racial relation in Brazil in our time.
Contribuição ao projeto e dimensionamento da superestrutura de pontes rodoviárias em vigas mistas de aço e concreto
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-01) Souza, Victor José Luiz de; Souza, Alex Sander Clemente de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3572504605209699; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8261376962376121
Even the metal bridges known for overcoming large spans, designed and implemented by large offices, this paper wishes to present concepts that can be applied in practical design of Steel-Concrete composite bridges of short and medium span, because those are the most common in national highways, and there is also a lack of professionals to design them into steel in Brazil. In the few studies dedicated to this subject, there is no specific normalization in steel bridges, and there is a lack of bridges on local roads throughout the country. The steel bridge or the Steel- Concrete composite bridges provides a construction that is both quick and of easy recovery. At first it discusses the main structural systems, features and behaviors of composite steel bridges and concrete. It also describes the analysis procedures to actions on bridges according to the U.S. standards (AASHTO:2002 & 2005), European (EC-1:1991) and Brazilian (NBR 7188:1984). It is also an objective of this study to understand the design philosophy of AASHTO:2002, regarding the definition of actions, analysis models, ensuring the joint behavior of steel beam and concrete deck, ultimate limit states and of service and resistance of the mixed system deck, verifying the possibilities / needs of adaptation to the national reality, standard frequently used by Brazilian designers. This study aims to enrich the national literature regarding to Steel-Concrete composite bridges and according to comparisons made to the design and scaling guide, set rules for a calculated script for these mixed systems, bridges, viewing adjustments for the development of those directed to Brazilian realities.
Habilidades sociais e bem-estar subjetivo de crianças dotadas e talentosas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-01) França, Maria Luiza Pontes de; Del Prette, Almir; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2191226494887247; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5219044102729200
In considering the national publications about gifted and talented children, it was noticed that there is a lack on scientific knowledge and empirical research about the socio-emotional characteristics of these children, specifically, about social skills repertoire and the level of subjective well-being. It was noticed too, that there is a prevalence of publications on cognitive characteristics and educational needs of these children. Therefore, the main objectives of this study were: (1) characterize the repertoire of social skills in gifted and talented children; (2) characterize the level of subject well-being in gifted and talented children; (3) investigate the relationship between social skills and subjective well-being of these children; (4) identify the predictive power of social skills in explaining subjective wellbeing of these children; (5) identify possible differences and similarities in relation to social skills classes in different domains of gifted (general intelligence, creativity, socio-emotional and sensorimotor); and (6) identify possible differences and similarities in relation to subjective well-being in different domains of gifted (general intelligence, creativity, socioemotional and sensorimotor). Sample was composed by 394 children with age range between eight and twelve years. They were separated in 269 gifted and talented children and 125 not gifted children. Participants completed the following questionnaires: Evaluation System of Social Skills (ESSS), Multidimensional Scale of Life Satisfaction for Children (MSLSC), Scale Positive and Negative Affect Children and Socio-Demographic Questions. Descriptive and inferential analyzes were performed in order to accomplish the aims of this research. Results showed that gifted children reported a broader social skills repertoire and a higher level of subjective well-being than non-gifted children. Regarding the classes of social skills and the subjective well-being indicators, both samples of children reported more frequently the expression of positive feelings and higher satisfaction with family and reported a lower frequency of problem avoidance and lower level of negative affect. These results indicated that a broader repertoire of social skills is associated with a higher level of subjective wellbeing in gifted and talented children. Subjective well-being was predicted by most social skills classes. It was observed that when compared gifted children in a domain with gifted children who did not showed the same performance in that domain were observed differences in some social skills classes and in some subjective well-being indicators for verbal and mathematical sub-domains (belonging to general intelligence domain) and for socioemotional and sensorimotor domains. In conclusion, this study can be considered relevant for the scientific literature of this field research. The results demonstrate that the socio-emotional disadjustment seen as a gifted and talented children feature is a myth, once these children reported a broader social skills repertoire and higher level of subjective well-being overall. Moreover, information about the social skills repertoire and the level of subjective well-being of gifted and talented children might contribute to identify children who excel in the socioemotional domain, once there is a few programs that select gifted children based on their social competence and related variables.
Obtenção e caracterização de fosfatos de cálcio visando aplicações médicas
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-01) Napolitano, Marcos Aurélio; Oliveira, Cauê Ribeiro de; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5321313558714462; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8264121302624502
The search for biomaterials compatible with human bones is one of the most investigated topics in science today, due to its applications, not only as grafts, but as releasing drug agents, dermal fillers, among others. The present study describes a recent method for synthesis of apatites, which can be used in medical and dentistic applications for osteoconduction, bone formation, releasing of biological agents or fillers for alloys with other biocompatible ceramic material or not. The characterization of this material, the form of industrial scale production and overhead costs of production and sales are presented. The hydroxyapatite, a known biomaterial, was synthesized by polymeric precursors method. The characterization shows a mixture of phases with a β tricalcium phosphate phase, which is also considered a template for bone material and has distinct properties regarding speed and type of osseointegration. The characterizations performed in this material were X-ray diffraction, Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, Size Surface Area (BET) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Since it was a research work oriented to industry, tests were also conducted for batch production of the material on industrial scale and the perspective of production costs was evaluated, comparing the projected sales with currently national and international products available on the market. In conclusion, the synthesis of a compatible material with the existing market is described in the chemical point of view, due to the fact it is a different material due to the mixture of phases, and due to the financial viability of large-scale production and comparing actual costs demand.
As associações empresariais e o processo constituinte de 1987- 88
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-01) Troiano, Mariele; Noronha, Eduardo Garuti; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6908348693613769; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3227437575714593
This research aims to understand how interests of the entrepreneurs class were represented in the constituent process of 1987-88, through the mapping of the actors involved, they parliamentary or not. As analytical approach, we start from the general idea that Federation of Industries of São Paulo State (FIESP) is an institutionalized organization and relevant activity in the Brazilian political and economic framework since its inception, including the constitutional process, the only federation, representing the entrepreneurs class was invited to a public hearing on the National Constituent Assembly. In analyzing the performance of entrepreneurs class in decision-making arena at the Constituent Assembly, noticed a proliferation of representative associations, which can be understood as a result of ineffective representation of FIESP. Through explanations of path dependency is possible to observe the maintenance of historical legacies of the organization, based on the corporatist system, as the main factor of its incapacity to represent. Based in the actions of the political actors that are involved, we can deduce that the entrepreneurs didn t have an effective representation at the constituent process. The actors actions could be comprehended as distinct products of the corporativist system that use to interfere in the way of the acting justified by the absence of a balance between the fundamental business characteristic of ANC and their methods. As methodology, was used minutes of the National Congress, literature review and press materials available at the Senate s site.