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Perda de originalidade e extinções simuladas de espécies arbustivo-arbóreas de cerrado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-02)
Rosatti, Natália Bianca
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Batalha, Marco Antônio Portugal Luttembarck
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3893228815181339
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3172690993468313
Originality measures how different a given species is from all other species regarding either their phylogenetic history or functional traits and may be used to assign conservation priorities. This dissertation is divided into two chapters. In the first chapter, we introduced and defined the phylogenetic and functional originalities, which are still underused. We discussed the advantages of using this approach and showed how it could be used in conservation plans. In the second chapter, we analysed the relationships between phylogenetic, and functional originalities, their relationships with the environment, and their losses under extinction scenarios based on species abundance, fire tolerance, and habitat preference. We placed 100 plots in a cerrado reserve located in central Brazil, sampled all woody plants within the plots, measured 14 functional traits, and measured soil, topography, and fire. We assembled a phylogenetic tree, and a functional dendrogram, with which we calculated the originalities. Phylogenetic- and functional-based originalities were correlated, and both increased towards harsher environments. However, the loss of functional originality was different from random extinctions on the abundance and fire tolerance scenarios, whereas the loss of phylogenetic originality was not. Functional originality seemed to be a better surrogate to be used in conservation strategies, because it was sensitive to differences in species abundances and fire tolerance.
Ensino de universitários para o uso de procedimentos computadorizados de matching-to-sample no ensino de leitura
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-02)
Oliveira, Marileide Antunes de
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Goyos, Antônio Celso de Noronha
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3407008711535651
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2491638004798825
Stimulus equivalence research uses matching-to-sample (MTS) tasks to establish conditional stimulus relations. Using these tasks to teach language and academic repertoires, such as reading, in applied settings is a current issue. This paper investigated different methods in the development of an approach to teach individuals on the use of automated MTS tasks to teach reading through two studies. In Study 1, four participants were assessed on the extent to which whether, after being taught to: (1) arrange, and (2) apply MTS tasks comprising AB relation (dictated words-pictures); and 3) analyze student data report using three words, they would show repertoire generalization to novel words. Teaching comprised demonstration and instruction to follow demonstration. During tests, novel words were used. Results showed that all participants learned to implement computerized MTS tasks and showed repertoire generalization. In Study 2, two packages a manual and manual + CAPSI were compared to teach individuals to conduct MTS training to teach reading. Participants were four university students randomly assigned to either control or experimental groups, two in each group. During baseline participants were assessed in their skills in: (1) arranging four MTS tasks AB (dictated wordspictures), AC (dictated words-printed words), BC (pictures-printed words), and CB (printed words-picttures) using the words bed, bee, and cat; (2) evaluating reading repertoires; (3) conducting teaching sessions using AB and AC MTS tasks; and (4) conducting testing sessions using BC and CB tasks. During teaching the participants in the control group were given a manual on the use of MTS training to teach reading and the participants were given the manual and wrote online tests on CAPSI. All the participants were given three weeks to complete the VIII teaching in the place of their choosing. The post-training was conducted as described in baseline. Baseline and post-training combined scores for control and experimental groups were 72.5% and 100%, and 72.7% and 95%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the improvement from baseline to post-training for both groups was significant; however, the difference between posttraining performances for the control and experimental groups was not significant. Taken together, the results of studies 1 and 2 suggest that the methods that were investigated are promising in the transfer of knowledge from basic research to applied educational settings such as classroom and to be delivered to teachers working with children with reading learning difficulties.
Software para análise da cinética do consumo de oxigênio durante exercício moderado
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-02)
Beltrame, Thomas
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Trevelin, Luis Carlos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5082419783043736
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0045363023998833
The characterization of behavior of some biological variables in the transition restexercise (on-transition) seems to help understand how the organism adjusts some physiological systems in the beginning of physical exercise. Among these variables, the kinetics of oxygen consumption (VO2) is widely studied and can add information about physical fitness. The objective of this study was to develop new software that facilitates the characterization of the VO2 kinetics in on-transition of constant work load exercise. Some tests with the software, performed in ten healthy male subjects, showed no statistical differences between the values of the kinetics´ s parameters found by the new software and the parameters obtained by SigmaPlot software. Additionally, the Interface facilitates analysis of the kinetics of VO2. The conclusion from this study shows that this new software may be used as a simple tool to characterize the behavior of VO2. Now, the use of VO2 kinetics can be used by a larger number of health care professionals who aim to this type of analysis.
Terapia laser de baixa intensidade a 808 nm reduz a resposta inflamatória e favorece a regeneração muscular
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-02)
Assis, Lívia Ribeiro de
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Parizotto, Nivaldo Antonio
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5527703735628408
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7935480743466626
Muscle regeneration is a complex phenomenon, involving coordinated activation of several cellular responses. During this process, oxidative stress, and consequent tissue damage occur with a severity that may depend on the intensity and duration of the inflammatory response. Among the therapeutic approaches to attenuate inflammation and increase tissue repair, low-level laser therapy (LLLT) may be a safe and effective clinical procedure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of LLLT on oxidative/nitrative stress and inflammatory mediators produced during a cryolesion of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle in rats. Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=20): control (BC), injured TA muscle without LLLT (IC), injured TA muscle submitted to LLLT (IRI). The injured region was irradiated daily for 4 consecutive days, starting immediately after the lesion using an AlGaAs laser (continuous wave, 808nm, tip area of 0.00785 cm2, power 30 mW, application time 47 s, fluence 180 J/cm2; total energy 1.4J; irradiance 3.8 mW/cm2). The animals were sacrificed on the fourth day after injury. LLLT reduced oxidative and nitrative stress in injured muscle, decreased lipid peroxidation, nitrotyrosine formation and NO production, probably due to reduction in iNOS protein expression. Moreover, LLLT increased SOD gene expression, and decreased the inflammatory response as measured by gene expression of NF-kβ and COX-2 and by TNF-α and IL-1β concentration. These results suggest that LLLT could be an effective therapeutic approach to modulate oxidative and nitrative stress and to reduce inflammation in injured muscle and could therefore help muscle regeneration.
A influência do envelhecimento sobre a antropometria e a postura dos pés: um estudo longitudinal
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-02)
Aurichio, Thaís Rabiatti
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Rebelatto, José Rubens
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1684247449456330
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6238432716592204
The foot and ankle joint complex comprising an adaptable to external and internal influences, being able to tolerate and compensate for deformities or misalignment of the lower limb. Shoes are an important addition to the human foot. However, if used improperly interfere in gait, cause pain and foot deformities. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of aging on the anthropometric and postural foot of the elderly, through Manuscript I. As well as pointing out the consequences and the factors associated with the use of inappropriate shoes for a period of four years, through the Manuscript II. For this purpose, 164 elderly patients with mean age of 73.7 (± 5.86) years were evaluated in 2006 and 2010, as the anthropometric and postural foot (Manuscript I), and asked about falls, shoe model used, pain during the use of footwear and options to buy it (Manuscript II). The paired t-test was used in the first study to point out possible differences in anthropometric variables over time. In the second study, subjects were classified among those who remained inadequate lengths of wearing shoes and those who remained using appropriate footwear, excluding the subjects who changed their behavior in the period in question. A multiple logistic regression model and the observations of the odds ratio evaluated the impact of independent variables in the classifications of this behavior. In all statistical tests, was considered a significance level of 5%. The results of study I showed a decrease of the angles of the first metatarsophalangeal joint and increase the values of arch index during the study period. The perimeters, heights and widths, and the postures of the feet showed no changes during the study period. The results of study II show that the foot length and males are the main factors associated with persistence of misuse of shoes over the years, and the shoes too long in relation to the feet of individuals. Other variables, such as falls, shoes models, pain, width, perimeter and height of the feet, or even the posture of the feet showed no association with this behavior. The study period may not have been enough to point out significant changes in other variables, and longer studies are needed to state the possible occurrence of these changes. Still, it is possible to ensure the importance of these findings for better understanding of the complex biomechanics of the feet of the elderly, planning strategies and guidelines for the elderly to help prevent the installation of deformities and limitations.
Respostas cardiorrespiratórias promovidas pela ativação de receptores glutamatérgicos e purinérgicos no núcleo do trato solitário
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-02)
Fávero, Michele Thaís
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Paula, Patrícia Maria de
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0201361251312074
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/5516825233637271
The central nervous system (CNS) has an important role in maintaining the composition and volume of body fluids for the appropriate tissue perfusion. An important area of the CNS that receives cardiorespiratory afferents is the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) that has several types of neurotransmitters, includingL-glutamate and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP). Neuroendocrine changes that occur during sodium depletion could change glutamatergi c and purinergic neurotransmissions into the NTS. Thus, in this study, we investigated : 1) the effects of sodium depletion on cardiorespiratory responses before and after injections of L -glutamate and α,β-methyleneadenosine 5′-triphosphate (α,β-methyl ATP, a selective P2X purinergic receptor agonist) into the NTS of unanesthetized and sodium depleted rats; 2) the cardiorespiratory responses of the injection of α,β-methyl ATP before and after the blockade of P2 receptor purinergic antagonist with suramin (non-selective P2 purinergic receptor antagonist) into NTS of unanesthetized and normovolemic rats and 3) to describe the autonomic components involved with the cardiovascular responses after injection of α,β-methyl ATP into the NTS. Male Holtzman rats with a cannula implanted into the NTS and catheters inserted into the femoral artery and vein were used. Ventilation (VE) was measured by whole body plethysmograph method. In relation to objective 1, the cardiorespiratory parameters were measured in normovolemic (before sodium depletion), depleted (24 h after sodium depletion) and repleted rats (two hours after free access to 0.3 M NaCl and water). Sodium depletion was induced by the treatment with the diuretic furosemide (20 mg/kg of body weight) injected subcut aneously (s.c.) followed by 24 h of sodium -deficient diet. Sodium depletion did not modify baseline MAP (104 ± 4 mmHg, vs. normovolemic: 105 ± 4 mmHg) or HR (334 ± 20 bpm, vs. normovolemic: 379 ± 13 bpm) but increased the VE (708 ± 107 ml/min/kg, vs. normovolemic: 478 ± 60 ml/min/kg). This effect was due to increase on tidal volume (VT, 7 ± 0.6 ml/kg, vs. normovolemic: 5 ± 0.4 ml/kg) without effect on the respiratory frequency (fR, 99 ± 8 cpm, vs. normovolemic: 85 ± 6 cpm). In repleted rats, VE did not return to normal level (640 ± 33 ml/min/kg, vs. normovolemic: 478 ± 60 ml/min/kg). Unilateral injections of L-glutamate (1 and 5 nmol/100 nl) into the NTS produced pressor response (17 ± 3 and 36 ± 3 mmHg, respectively, vs. saline: 3 ± 1 mmHg), bradycardia (-130 ± 15 and -169 ± 10 bpm, respectively, vs. saline: -13 ± 6 bpm) and the hyperventilation (233 ± 44 and 495 ± 114 ml/min/kg, respectively, vs. saline: 32 ± 26 ml/min/kg). Sodium depletion reduced pressor responses (4 ± 3 mmHg and 13 ± 4 mmHg, respectively) and hyperventilation (-112 ± 112 and 7 ± 115 ml/min/kg, respectively) and did not change bradycardia (-116 ± 30 and -156 ± 18 bpm, respectively). Unilateral injections of α,β-methyl ATP (2 nmol/100 nl) into the NTS also produced pressor response (36 ± 5 mmHg, vs. saline: 3 ± 1 mmHg), bradycardia (-194 ± 18 bpm, vs. saline: -13 ± 6 bpm) and did not change VE (54 ± 96 ml/min/kg, vs. saline: 32 ± 26 ml/min/kg). Sodium depletion reduced pressor response (24 ± 5 mmHg), VE ( -147 ± 184 ml/min/kg) and did not change bradycardia (-168 ± 22 bpm). In relation to objective 2, the results showed that injection of α,β-methyl ATP (2 nmol/100 nl) into NTS produced pressor response (24 ± 4 mmHg e -187 ± 39 bpm, respectively) and these responses were reduced 15 min after injection of suramin into NTS ipsilateral (13 ± 2 mmHg e -80 ± 18 bpm). Injection of α,β-methyl ATP into NTS produced no significantly change in VE. In relation to objective 3, the results showed that injection of α,β-methyl ATP (2 nmol/100 nl) into NTS promote pressor and bradycardic response (32 ± 5 mmHg and -183 ± 21 bpm). The pre-treatment with the alpha1 -adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin (1 mg/kg bw, i.v.) attenuated the increase in MAP (+10 ± 3 mmHg) without changing the bradycardic response (-192 ± 21 bpm) evoked by injection of α,β-methyl ATP into NTS. The pre-treatment with the cholinergic muscarinic antagonist, methyl-atropine (1 mg/kg bw, i.v.) did not changed the pressor response (+31 ± 6 mmHg) and abolished the bradycardic response (+21 ± 6 bpm) induced by injection of α,β-methyl ATP into the NTS. The results suggest that neuroendocrine changes produced by sodium depletion (increased level of circulating ANG II, aldosterone and the desactivation of the volume receptors and baroreceptors) may change the glutamatergic and purinergic neurotransmissions into the NTS. Furthermore, activation of P2X receptors in the NTS activates both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system to produce pressor and bradycardic responses, respectively, without changing ventilation
Fabricação e caracterização de filmes nanoestruturados de nanotubos de carbono e polianilina para aplicação em sensores ambientais na detecção de 2-clorofenol.
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-02)
Santos, Juliana de Souza
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Ferreira, Marystela
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4714185516263478
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Constantino, Carlos José Leopoldo
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Simões, Fábio Ruiz
Organochlorine compounds exhibit high toxicity, environmental persistence and tendency to bioaccumulate. This pollutant can spread through the air and water, affecting humans and the environment. In this context, this study aimed to develop an environmental sensor capable of detecting organochlorine compounds through nanostructured films fabricated from the layer-by-layer technique. The sensory units were composed of bilayers formed from Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs), alternated with Polyaniline (PAni). This study was divided into two main stages: the first was the fabrication and characterization of thin films and the second was the application of the film as sensor for environmental control of 2-chlorophenol. In the first stage individual films were fabricated with PAni and CNTs alternated with polyelectrolytes Poly(vinyl sulfonate) (PVS) and Poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI), respectively, and mixed film of CNTs/PAni. The films were characterized by UV-vis, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the second stage sensory units were immersed in a liquid system containing 2-chlorophenol at different concentrations for characterization by means of electrochemical techniques of cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry. The results of the film of CNTs/PAni showed good performance as electrochemical sensors for organochlorine compounds, since using the technique of square wave voltammetry detected the presence of 2-chlorophenol concentration from 2 ppm to the current intensity increased in about the film in individual CNTs.
Avaliação do dano por choque térmico em concretos refratários via espectroscopia acústica ressonante não-linear
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-02)
Pereira, Antônio Henrique Alves
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Rodrigues, José de Anchieta
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4000441989868775
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2291835400598420
In this thesis the Non-linear Resonant Acoustic Spectroscopy Technique used to evaluate the mesoscopic non-linearity was incorporated into the Impulse Excitation Technique, which is extensively applied to the evaluation of thermal shock damage of refractory castables by the characterization of dynamic elastic moduli. The motivation for this thesis was the mesoscopic non-linearity detection in refractory castables and the interest for more sensitive techniques for thermal shock damage assessment, as well as detecting cracks and microcracks. An experimental apparatus able to evaluate the non-linearity was developed, which allowed the simultaneous characterization of the dynamic elastic moduli and damping with different amplitudes of excitation. The apparatus error was evaluated using the characterization of synthesized signals and it is lower than 0.05 % for frequency, 3.3 % for damping and 2 % for amplitude. The technique association was applied to the evaluation of thermal shock damage resistance of refractory castables made with white fused alumina aggregates of 2.4 mm maximum size (A2) and of 8.0 mm maximum size (A8), and of a refractory castable made with tabular alumina aggregates of 3 mm maximum size (AT). The A2 castable showed similar thermal shock resistance to the AT one due to the configuration of cracks and microcracks, which occurred in the matrix. The technique association was also used to evaluate different thermal shock types and the moisture influence. The results showed that the primary source of damage is the thermal shock of cooling and that the moisture has a significant influence in the elastic property characterization (up to -9.4 % for the Young's modulus and +35 % for damping). The information provided using the non-linearity characterization was similar to the retained Young's modulus, however regardless of previous characterizations. This allowed a more accurate assessment of the damage than using the Impulse Excitation Technique alone.
Roda de choro : processos educativos na convivência entre músicos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-03)
Fiorussi, Eduardo
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Joly, Ilza Zenker Leme
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5569335876343450
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6320835064132793
The objective of this research is to describe and understand the educational processes arising from the interaction between musicians in a roda de choro . Based on the experiences of the researcher, from the interaction with musicians and other musical friends in social musical practices and musical education environments, and the studies done in the research of Social Practice and Educational Processes (PPGE-UFSCar), it is presented in the discussion supported referential theory involving Paulo Freire (1992, 1995, 2007), Ernani Maria Fiori (1986), and Jorge Larrosa Bondía (2002), among others. Held together with the Chorando na Sombra, that performs rodas de choro in Campinas Brazil, ethnographic research has been the source of inspiration, using methodological procedures of participant observation, since the researcher is a musician and participates in social practices mentioned. Roda de choro is a musical manifestation, collective, where people meet to play the repertoire of Brazilian popular music. In these experiments occur dialogical exchange of glances, gestures, finally learning. From the collection of data with the research participants we have come to the conclusion that the musical learning process of choro, although presenting similarities in the processes of each musician, happens to each individual in different ways; learning processes are not linear, but they involve an individual organization that occurs from the interaction with others in rodas de choro and other social practices that involve music. This thesis also deals with other learning processes that occur from musical encounters, related to respect, fellowship, listening to others, and that most shares in coexistence with others, and are often taken for other activities of daily life.
Resolução de problemas na formação continuada e em aulas de matemática nos anos iniciais
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-03)
Oliveira, Sandra Alves de
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Passos, Cármen Lúcia Brancaglion
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1023120398774531
This text reports a descriptive and interpretative research that analyzed challenges, dilemmas, knowledge and learning that were present in the process of continuing professional education of a group of sixteen Early Years teachers who attended an extension activity - "Mathematics in the Early Years: Program of Continuing Professional Education for Early Years Teachers from the Municipal Secretary of Education of São Carlos" - during the first semester of 2011, while studying and using the methodology of problem solving in mathematics lessons. The theoretical references that support this research are based on studies about problem solving and teacher education. The organization of the team/group that was involved in the continuing professional education activity founded the study. The continuing education program occurred in a perspective of collaborative work. Empirical data were constructed using a questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, audio and video records, written material, a reflective field journal elaborated by the participating teachers and the researcher, who worked as a trainer and observed the actions of the teachers in mathematics lessons. The data analysis indicates that the collaborative work approach helped the teachers to review knowledge and concepts about problem solving in mathematics lessons and implement more meaningful practices in their classes. The activities that were developed and created in the continuing education program gave the necessary contribution so that the sixteen participating teachers had the possibility to use, in their mathematics classes in Early Years education, the methodology of problem solving according to the perspective of Van de Walle, Onuchic, Vila and Callejo. The process of training was important because it valued the teaching knowledge and learning and enabled the teachers to build and rebuild other ones, express their experiences, their feelings about their practices and their interest in the development of problem solving methodology in teaching and learning of mathematics in the Early Years; understand the theoretical and practical knowledge in teaching and learning of mathematics and/or give them a new meaning. This knowledge contributed for the practical application of problem solving methodology in mathematics classes in Early Years Education.
Identificação de graus de ansiedade à matemática em estudantes do ensino fundamental e médio: contribuições à validação de uma escala de ansiedade à matemática
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-05)
Mendes, Alessandra Campanini
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Carmo, João dos Santos
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1263046410329694
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/9829277329129396
The learning of mathematics has been characterized by aversion due to several failures in trying to learn its contents. Besides the traditional difficulties of learning mathematics, such as dyscalculia and acalculia, possibly related to organic and developmental disorders, the international literature has highlighted a new field of research: the mathematics anxiety. A phenomenon characterized by a specific set of unpleasant physiological reactions as well as cognitive and behavioral components which occur in the presence of simple or complex mathematical stimuli and contingencies of learning mathematics, or in contexts that require the use of mathematical repertoires. In Brazil, however, there are few studies about the identification of different degrees of math anxiety in students with different educational levels. In the analyzes of this study it was observed that the distribution of student responses is a normal distribution, which allowed the testing of medium and correlational tests. In addition, we observed a Cronbach's alpha coefficient, with a value of 0.900, which indicates that the instrument used is consistent. Thus, this study had as first objective to identify different degrees of math anxiety in elementary school students Cycle II (6th to 9th grade) and High School (1st, 2nd and 3rd grade) - correlating the variables gender, age, grade, public and private schools. The second objective was to identify which items of the scale typically generated high levels of anxiety, listed by the students. In Spearman correlation analysis, the results indicated a significant difference between the variables period (p = 0.005 and r = 0.084) and education system (p = 0.001 and r = -0.104) and there was no significant correlation between total scores and the variables age (p = 0.188 and r = -0.040), gender (p = 0.178 and r = -0.040), grade (p = 0.282 and r = -0.032), educational level (p = 0.503 3 r = 0.020). In the Student s t test and Anova, the analysis indicated a significant difference between the average of students responses in the variable education system (p = 0.001) and period (p = 0.018). No significant differences in the variables: gender (p = 0.104), instructional level (p = 0.476), grade (p = 0.154), age (p = 0.064). The results of the chi-square test indicated that high levels of anxiety occurred in 12 out of 24 scale situations and these situations indicated punishment or not, which involves the teaching methodologies as well as the individual learning of mathematics.
Trabalhadores nos canaviais de Alagoas: um estudo sobre as condições de trabalho e resistência
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-05)
Verçoza, Lúcio Vasconcellos de
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Silva, Maria Aparecida de Moraes
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/6792025643983370
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5426759381802381
The most recent process of productive restructuration of Alagoas´ sugarcane agro industry initiated in the 1990 modified profoundly the criterions of workers selections, the labor organization and its way of management. Those changes, which affect directly the workers, resulted in the intensification of the work rhythm, elevation of its productivity and decrease of job numbers. In the core of those configurations in the relationship between capital and work, the purpose of the present dissertation is to analyze how the exploration-domination of the labor force is processed and ways of resistance constituted by the sugarcane worker in Alagoas. To achieve this purpose, were realized field research and interview with sugarcane cutters, formers sugar mill residents, unemployed workers, brail operator, bituqueiros , cabos (inspectors) and leaders of rural labor union. The interviews were leaded by the oral history methodology. The municipal district of Teotônio Vilela was the empiric universe privileged, though it concentrates a large number of workers employed in many sugar factories in the south of Alagoas.
Habilidades sociais relevantes para alunos com e sem necessidades educacionais especiais segundo avaliação do professor
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-05)
Amaro, Livia de Castro Pereira
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Del Prette, Almir
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2191226494887247
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5270799550828692
In our culture school plays an important role in our children's development, as it promotes not only academic skills but also social skills. It is important to consider the role of teachers in the social and emotional development of their students hence this study aims to gather information on the variables which influence the value they place on their students' social skills as such information is currently lacking. We will begin by a) identifying the skills teachers considered most important for the social and emotional development of the students b) comparing teachers´ evaluations of the importance of social skills for children who have and don t have special educational needs. We will also look to identify possible influences of the variables age, gender, socio-economic status, level of qualification, length of time as a teacher and age group worked with on the importance placed on social skills. In order to achieve these goals, this study interviewed 70 teachers who worked in the first five grades of public regular elementary schools. Eighty per cent of them answered they had in their classroom, or have had in the last two years, at least one student with special educational needs. The participants were asked to rate the importance of each social skill in the social and emotional development of their students who had and who didn´t have special educational needs. These ratings were then transformed into scores and analyzed according to the principles of descriptive and non parametric statistics. The results showed that social skills related to civility, empathy and academic performance were more important to the teachers. Comparing the means of the total importance scores using the Wilcoxon test it was possible to see that the participants considered learning social skills more important to children without special needs. Of all the teachers´ characteristics analyzed in this study, only graduation appears to exert significant influence on how the importance of students' development of social skills is rated. Participants who had completed their education considered social skills less important in childhood, than those who did not graduate or those who had completed post graduate study.
Freud e os modelos biológicos de explicação
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-05)
Martins, Eduardo de Carvalho
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Simanke, Richard Theisen
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/5431145327759147
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/4618092653487544
Although Freud has explicitly reclaimed that psychoanalysis belongs to the field of natural science, subsequent philosophic and epistemological criticism tends to refuse the Freudian intention and to place his theories among the human sciences (Habermas, Ricoeur, Schafer, Klein, among others); or to consider it as an unsuccessful naturalistic project, unable to achieve the minimum request of scientificity (Popper, Grünbaum, etc.). In this work we intend to show how several models used by Freud have resulted in different interpretations of psychoanalysis. This thesis is an exegetic study of the explanation models utilized by Freud and the methodological procedure to do it was not only based on his work but also on the contemporary discussion in the field of evolutionary biology whose influences upon Freud have already been indicated by several authors (Sulloway, Ritvo, etc.), although, in general, they only point the presence of biological themes in the elaboration of the Freudian theory, without relating it to a constitution of a psychological explanation model simultaneously historic and naturalistic.
A história da geometria nos livros didáticos e perspectivas do PNLD
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-05)
Pimentel, Guilherme Henrique
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Vilela, Denise Silva
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/8155152145332951
;
https://lattes.cnpq.br/3445101782853027
The purpose of this research is to analyze ways to approach the history of mathematic text books in 9th grade in elementary school. For this we take as the documents mathematics textbooks listed by Plano Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD). The PNLD is a public policy that is effective and follows the Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN), select, purchase and distribute textbooks throughout the country for all levels of education. Among the requirements of the PNLD is the inclusion of the history of mathematics that can be used as a means to achieve the contextualization and interdisciplinary suggested by official documents. The textbooks are understood as symbolic forms so that this analysis context and allow a look at the approach that relates the history of mathematics in the textbook with the current situation of education in the country. The research is qualitative in that it performs content analysis on the themes of history textbooks in geometry. The analyzes indicate that the textbooks try on the one hand, serve the PNLD and include the history of mathematics, but do not reach the intended objectives and are lacking as to whether this approach with regard to problem solving, developing content and interdisciplinary, which is predominantly informative history of mathematics and use, for example, charges that in addition to distort, can present a contrast between the idealization of the genius scientist and the demystification of the same. And then, on the one hand for the PCN, PNLD intends reconfigurations in the educational field, on the other, the school and textbooks are still organized in a linear manner and discipline. Changes perceived by the analysis of textbooks from different periods of history are more significant in terms of significant changes to graphics, also provided by technological advances in the publishing field. On the one hand, current textbooks that address various aspects of the proposed PCN, since they were selected through PNLD, it is clear that contextualization and interdisciplinary is somewhat superficial, or are somehow present, but not so structural rather than aggregated as the traditional organization. From the point of view of content, books remain the same adding the incentive for new methodologies and items to bring more than illustrations, historical information, challenges, games etc. The content itself and your thread have not changed significantly.
Involuções fixando muitas componentes e melhorias para o 5/2-Teorema de J. Boardman
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-05)
Desideri, Patrícia Elaine
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Pergher, Pedro Luiz Queiroz
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3328545959112090
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2225952965861879
Let (Mm; T) be a smooth involution on a closed smooth m-dimensional manifold and F = n [j=0 Fj (n < m) its fixed point set, where Fj denotes the union of those components of F having dimension j. The famous Five Halves Theorem of J. Boardman, announced in 1967, establishes that, if F is nonbounding, then m _ 5 2n; further, this estimative is best possible. In this work, we obtain improvements of this theorem, by imposing certain conditions on F. The main result of the work is in Chapter 4, where the improvements in question are obtained by taking into account the decomposability degree of the components of F. Specifically, let ! = (i1; i2; :::; it) be a non-dyadic partition of j, 2 _ j _ n, and s!(x1; x2; :::; xj) the smallest symmetric polynomial over Z2 on degree one variables x1; x2; :::; xj containing the monomial xi1 1 xi2 2 :::xit t . Write s!(Fj) 2 Hj(Fj ;Z2) for the usual cohomology class corresponding to s!(x1; x2; :::; xj). The decomposability degree of Fj , denoted by l(Fj), is the minimum length of a non-dyadic partition ! with s!(Fj) 6= 0 (here, the length of ! = (i1; i2; :::; it) is t). Suppose the fixed point set of (Mm; T) has the form F = ( j [k=0 Fk) [ Fn, where 2 _ j < n < m and Fj is nonbounding. Write n �� j = 2pq, where q _ 1 is odd and p _ 0, and set m(n �� j) = 2n + p �� q + 1 if p _ q and m(n��j) = 2n+2p��q if p _ q. Then we prove that m _ m(n��j)+2j +l(Fj). In addition, given a non-dyadic partition ! = (i1; i2; : : : ; it) of j, 2 _ j < n, we develop a method to construct involutions (Mm; T) with F of the form F = ([k
Tornar-se aluno(a) indígena: a etnografia da escola Guarani Mbya na aldeia Nova Jacundá
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-06)
Marqui, Amanda Rodrigues
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Cohn, Clarice
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1714080901123094
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/1696584969032916
This dissertation investigates the teaching and learning process and the pedagogical practices of Guarani Mbya child from Nova Jacundá, in the southeast of Pará. Its intent is to comprehend what is to becoming/become (Toren 2004) an indigenous student. The child will be taken as a social actor who is active and a culture producer (Cohn 2005), and we took the school as the place where child become students, like the practice of autopoietic (Toren 1999), therefore, a place which produces meaning to their world. So, my ethnography intents to comprehend how these child produce meaning in the school context and, as indigenous students, how they take the school as a frontier place (Tassinari 2001) where the knowledge is articulated, and the Guarani Mbya way of being and their teaching practices with the knowledge and the pedagogical methods. This ethnography of a Guarani Mbya school will contribute to the comprehension of meaning assigned by child going to school, place where are created new forms of knowledge construction indigenous and non-indigenous in new relations, beyond of those made in their own Guarani learning process.
Nanofios de Ge : síntese e dispositivos
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-06)
Kamimura, Hanay
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Chiquito, Adenilson José
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7087360072774314
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/2414357209169841
Abstract In this work, germanium nanowires' based devices were studied and developed and the influence of natural disorder on the electronic properties of these structures was also investigated. Parameters related to the current transport mechanisms, such as electron mobility, localization length and Schottky barrier height were determined. Such investigations were carried out initially by the fabrication of germanium nanowires using the vapour-liquid-solid method with gold nanoparticles acting as catalysts for the growth process. Morphological and structural characterizations were performed to obtain information about the material: the X-ray di_raction analysis showed a good agreement with the cubic structure of germanium and its diamond-like structure; by scanning and transmission electron microscopy it was found samples with diameter from 20 to 150 nm and length up to tens of micrometers. Furthermore, these techniques allowed the observation of an oxide layer on the surface of the nanowires, whose disordered interface originates localized states, which can also be responsible for changes in electronic properties of the system. Di_erent types of devices were developed for the investigation of the electronic transport in germanium nanowires. The experiment performed on each device allowed the analysis of the disorder's influence on the measured properties: electronic transport within the temperature ranges used for the experiments was dominated by the variable range hopping mechanism, characteristic of disordered systems instead of the expected thermal excitation, typical of semiconductor materials. Further confirmation of these data was obtained using transistor devices and the carrier mobility was found to be lower than the commonly observed values for germanium. These data also agree with the fact of disordered systems exhibits low mobility values due to the presence of localized states. Finally, it was used a device specially designed for the study of the metal/nanowires interface characteristics. In order to determine the Schottky barrier height a two barriers model was used (including temperature dependence). The obtained values (from 0.48 to 0.54 eV ) were di_erent from the usual (0.58 eV for germanium/aluminium contact), which also shows and con_rms the presence of localized states at the metal/nanowire interface, following Bardeen's model for the Schottky barrier formation. To complement this analysis theoretical simulation values for Schottky barrier (∼ 0.5 eV ) were calculated taking into account the contribution of surface states. This value corresponding to density of states of 1012 ∼ 1013cm−2eV −1. Comparing both theoretical and experimental Schottky barrier heights, the presence of localized states generated by disorder was confirmed.
Clonagem gênica e caracterização de uma enzima tipo-luciferase de coleópteros não bioluminescentes e sua relação com a origem da atividade luminescente
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-06)
Prado, Rogilene Aparecida
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Viviani, Vadim Ravara
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3942043373510668
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/3202205839573412
Bioluminescence in beetles is dependent on luciferase which evolved from AMP/CoA ligases. The cDNA of a luciferase-like enzime was cloned from the Malpighian tubules of Zophobas morio mealworm (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). The gene product of this cDNA displays weak luminescence and it is composed of 528 aminoacids residues with N-terminal and C-terminal sequences signal addressed to smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Although having a low identity (26-32%) with beetle luciferases, this enzyme is a reasonable protoluciferase model to investigate the origin and evolution of beetle luciferases. The luciferin binding site is higly conserved among the beetle luciferases. However, in this protoluciferase of Z. morio, most of these residues of this motif are substituted by others. Using a site-directed mutagenesis survey some of aminoacids residues of this protoluciferase, which are located at correspondent luciferin binding site of luciferases, were replaced by the conserved residues of beetle luciferases. Most of the substitutions had negative effect on the luminescent activity, however, the substitution I327T, which is located in a β-hairpin motif close to the luciferin binding site, improved the luminescence activity. Such substitution indicates the importance of this motif for luciferase activity and indicates a possible route for the evolution of bioluminescence function of beetle luciferase. Since this enzyme is located in the Malpighian tubules, which are involved in excretion and metabolization of carboxylic substrates, this enzyme could be involved to excretion the some type of chemical compound. Regardless of the function the results show that the potential for bioluminescent activity is older and probably arose before the divergences of the Coleoptera bioluminescent families.
A violência contra a mulher e o atendimento prestado às vítimas: a perspectiva do policial civil
(Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012-03-06)
Migliato-Nunes, Patrícia Tonissi
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Brino, Rachel de Faria
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/0235133592567485
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https://lattes.cnpq.br/7578694439215415
The Women's Police Stations were created to combat and prevent violence against women, enabling act in time to prevent the occurrence or worsening damage to individuals development. However, some observational studies, as well as research conducted with violence women victims, show that the police attendance is unsatisfactory, pronounced by patriarchal customs, which contributes to women do not give continuity to the complaint of a crime committed against them, keeping the violence perpetuation. Therefore, it is socially and scientifically relevant to study surrounds` reality of the civil police and the challenges faced by it. This study aimed to elicit and characterize police officers´ beliefs on violence against women and their conceptions of such violence and the attendance to violence victims. The study included 20 police officers from a medium-sized city in the interior of Brazil. The following instruments were used for data collection: a) Questionnaire on beliefs about domestic violence and b) Questionnaire on the conceptions of police officer about violence against women and the attendance to violence victims. The instruments were applied at two different times. Through instruments were made qualitative and quantitative analysis. The quantitative analysis was obtained with descriptive methods. Qualitative analysis was obtained through defined categories. The outcomes showed that the majority of responses police to the statements of the first questionnaire pointed to a low percentage of inappropriate responses, however, the police officers who participated in the survey had specific beliefs about violence against women with high rates of inadequacy, including blaming the victim for staying in abusive relationship, misconceptions about the effects of violence on child development, blaming the victim for the violence. Although, participants had adequate view with respect to some beliefs, such as: conceptions about women deserve to be beaten and physical abuse to be more threatening than psychological abuse. The beliefs in which police officers had higher rate of inadequate responses can directly affect the attendance to violence women victims. The outcomes also showed domestic violence is most often seen by participants as physical aggression, although the participants demonstrated a good knowledge about the different practices of violence. Additionally, the policemen pointed out some challenges for them to meet the victims of violence, such as lack of training, staff shortages and weakened emotional state of employees who can produce an insufficient treatment. The concluding remarkes points to the need for better training for professionals regarding the issues of violence against women, as well as the development, implementation and evaluation of training courses for such professionals, aiming to fill this gap in their formation.